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Pak JN, Lee HJ, Sim DY, Park JE, Ahn CH, Park SY, Khil JH, Shim B, Kim B, Kim SH. Anti-Warburg effect via generation of ROS and inhibition of PKM2/β-catenin mediates apoptosis of lambertianic acid in prostate cancer cells. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4224-4235. [PMID: 37235481 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the underlying antitumor mechanism of lambertianic acid (LA) derived from Pinus koraiensis, the role of cancer metabolism related molecules was investigated in the apoptotic effect of LA in DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cells. MTT assay for cytotoxicity, RNA interference, cell cycle analysis for sub G1 population, nuclear and cytoplasmic extraction, lactate, Glucose and ATP assay by ELISA, Measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, Western blotting, and immunoprecipitation assay were conducted in DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cells. Herein LA exerted cytotoxicity, increased sub G1 population and attenuated the expression of pro-Caspase3 and pro-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (pro-PARP) in DU145 and PC3 cells. Also, LA reduced the expression of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), glycolytic enzymes such as hexokinase 2 and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) with reduced production of lactate in DU145 and PC3 cells. Notably, LA decreased phosphorylation of PKM2 on Tyr105 and inhibited the expression of p-STAT3, cyclin D1, C-Myc, β-catenin, and p-GSK3β with the decrease of nuclear translocation of p-PKM2. Furthermore, LA disturbed the binding of p-PKM2 and β-catenin in DU145 cells, which was supported by Spearman coefficient (0.0463) of cBioportal database. Furthermore, LA generated ROS in DU145 and PC3 cells, while ROS scavenger NAC (N-acetyl L-cysteine) blocked the ability of LA to reduce p-PKM2, PKM2, β-catenin, LDHA, and pro-caspase3 in DU145 cells. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that LA induces apoptosis via ROS generation and inhibition of PKM2/β-catenin signaling in prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Na Pak
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Yong Sim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eon Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Hoon Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Khil
- Institute of Sports Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumsang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Li Y, Xu Y, Han R, Liu L, Pei X, Zhao X. Widely Targeted Metabolomic Profiling Combined with Transcriptome Analysis Provides New Insights into Lipid Biosynthesis in Seed Kernels of Pinus koraiensis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12887. [PMID: 37629067 PMCID: PMC10454069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid-rich Pinus koraiensis seed kernels are highly regarded for their nutritional and health benefits. To ascertain the molecular mechanism of lipid synthesis, we conducted widely targeted metabolomic profiling together with a transcriptome analysis of the kernels in P. koraiensis cones at various developmental stages. The findings reveal that 148 different types of lipid metabolites, or 29.6% of total metabolites, are present in kernels. Among those metabolites, the concentrations of linoleic acid, palmitic acid, and α-linolenic acid were higher, and they steadily rose as the kernels developed. An additional 10 hub genes implicated in kernel lipid synthesis were discovered using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), gene interaction network analysis, oil body biosynthesis, and transcriptome analysis. This study used lipid metabolome and transcriptome analyses to investigate the mechanisms of key regulatory genes and lipid synthesis molecules during kernel development, which served as a solid foundation for future research on lipid metabolism and the creation of P. koraiensis kernel food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (R.H.); (L.L.)
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yujin Xu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (R.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Rui Han
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (R.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Lin Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (R.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Xiaona Pei
- College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiyang Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (R.H.); (L.L.)
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Kim DS, Lee HJ, Sim DY, Park JE, Park Y, Kim B, Shim B, Kim SH. The underlying hepatoprotective mechanism of PKC#963 in alcohol or carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury via inhibition of iNOS, COX-2, and p-STAT3 and enhancement of SOD and catalase. Phytother Res 2023; 37:505-514. [PMID: 36151597 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to explore the underlying hepatoprotective mechanism of PKC#963, consisting of Pinus koraiensis, Saururus chinensis, and Lycium barbarum in association with acute and chronic liver injury induced by alcohol or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Here, PKC#963 significantly suppressed aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) in CCl4-treated HepG2 cells. Also, PKC#963 significantly suppressed reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in HepG2 cells. Consistently, PKC#963 suppressed the expression of AST, ALT, p-STAT3, iNOS, COX-2, interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and increased procaspase 3 in the liver tissues of CCl4 treated rats. In addition, PKC#963 enhanced alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) for alcohol metabolism, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase as antioxidant enzymes and also suppressed AST and ALT in alcohol-treated rats. Furthermore, PKC#963 reduced hepatic steatosis and necrosis in CCl4-treated rats by H&E (Hematoxylin and Eosin) staining. Taken together, these findings highlight evidence that PKC#963 has hepatoprotective potential via inhibition of iNOS, COX-2, and p-STAT3 and enhancement of SOD and catalase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Sub Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Yong Sim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eon Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsang Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumsang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Zadhoush R, Alavi-Naeini A, Feizi A, Naghshineh E, Ghazvini MR. The Therapeutic Impact of Garlic (Allium Sativum) on Oxidative Stress Markers among Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blinded Clinical Trial. Int J Prev Med 2023; 14:1. [PMID: 36942042 PMCID: PMC10023839 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_229_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The present study aimed to investigate the effect of garlic supplementation on oxidative stress markers in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods Eighty patients with PCOS were randomized and instructed to consume either garlic supplementation (800 mg/day) or a placebo (starch) for 8 weeks. They were also asked to avoid intake of any other supplement during the study. Oxidative stress-related markers including total antioxidant capacity, catalase, glutathione, malondialdehyde concentrations, and anthropometric measures were assessed at baseline and end of the trial. Results Garlic supplementation resulted in significant improvement in catalase concentration (1.82 ± 9.28 vs. -1.55 ± 8.66; P value: 0.03), glutathione levels (29.15 ± 57.53 vs. 2.42 ± 77.51; P value: 0.048) as well as weight (-0.64 ± 1.94 vs. 0.11 ± 0.82; P value: 0.04), body mass index (BMI; -0.25 ± 0.75 vs. 0.05 ± 0.61; P value: 0.04), and waist circumference (-0.21 ± 0.77 vs. 0.02 ± 0.65; P value: 0.01). However, we failed to detect any significant change in hip circumference, waist to hip circumference ratio, total antioxidant capacity, and malondialdehyde levels between the two groups. Conclusions The present study indicates that garlic supplementation could be beneficial in improving oxidative stress and weight loss among PCOS women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Zadhoush
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amirmansour Alavi-Naeini
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Amirmansour Alavi-Naeini, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan - 8174673461, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Awat Feizi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elham Naghshineh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Ethanol Extract of Pinus koraiensis Leaves Mitigates High Fructose-Induced Hepatic Triglyceride Accumulation and Hypertriglyceridemia. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12136745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Pinus koraiensis is a valuable plant source of functional health foods and medicinal materials. Hypertriglyceridemia affects about 15–20% of adults and is related to stroke, metabolic syndromes, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes mellitus. Dietary fructose, a risk factor for developing hypertriglyceridemia, significantly increases postprandial triglyceride (TG) levels and aggravates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this study, we aimed to analyze the effect of ethanol extract from P. koraiensis needles (EPK) on fructose (Fr)-induced cell culture and animal models, respectively. Our team determined the bioactivity, such as anti-cancer, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and anti-hyperlipidemic functions, of P. koraiensis needle extract. The EPK markedly reduced TG levels in the liver and serum and enhanced TG excretion through feces in high-fructose-fed rats. Furthermore, the EPK inhibited de novo lipogenesis and its markers—carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase (HMGCR), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a pro-inflammatory marker. Consistent with the results of the in vivo experiment, the EPK decreased SREBP-1, ChREBP, HMGCR, FAS, TNF-α, and iNOS expression levels, resulting in slower lipid accumulation and lower TG levels in Fr-induced HepG2 cells. These findings suggest that EPK mitigates hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic TG accumulation by inhibiting de novo lipogenic and pro-inflammatory factors.
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Ryuk JA, Ko BS, Moon NR, Park S. Pinus koraiensis needle or cone extracts alleviate atopic dermatitis symptoms by regulating immunity and suppressing inflammation in HaCaT cells and Nc/Nga mice. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14135. [PMID: 35301731 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pinus koraiensis needles (PKN) and cones (PKC) have been shown to protect against inflammation and pathogenic bacteria. We investigated the efficacies and action mechanisms of topical applications of 1,3-butylene glycol (BG) extracts and oral administration of their water extracts on atopic dermatitis (AD) symptoms. After exposing HaCaT cells and Nc/Nga mice dorsal skins to 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) to induce atopic dermatitis models, they were topically applied BG (AD-control), 30% PKNX, or 30% PKCX to the skin lesions and fed water extracts (0.5%) in high-fat diets for 5 weeks. Normal-control mice had no DNCB exposure. Serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), IL-4, and TNF-α levels and gene expressions of TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, and IFN-γ in the dorsal skin and HaCaT cells were measured. The AD-control mice elevated TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA levels in HaCaT cells. Both extracts attenuated clinical AD symptoms in AD-induced Nc/Nga mice: PKNX improved hemorrhage, erythema, and lichenification of dorsal skin better than PKCX while both similarly alleviated erythema, edema, excoriation, and itching behavior. PKCX reduced IgE contents and increased filaggrin mRNA expression better than PKNX, but PKNX reduced lipid peroxides and mRNA levels of TNF-α and IL-4 in the dorsal skin. In the histological analysis of the dorsal skin, the administration of both extracts significantly decreased mast cell numbers, immune cell infiltration, gaps between the epidermis and dermis, and abnormal cell and nucleus shapes. In conclusion, both PKCX and PKNX treatment alleviated the DNCB-induced clinical symptoms of AD by alleviating immune-related symptoms and inflammation in partially different pathways. Therefore, PKNX and PKCX may be effective for AD therapy. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is related to an overly activated immune response, and it has steadily increased last 3 decades. However, no optimal sustainable treatments are available. Pinus koraiensis needles and cones extracts have been used for anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial treatment. The present study demonstrated that their intake and topical administration onto the AD lesion alleviated clinical AD symptoms associated with reduced proinflammatory cytokines, mast cell numbers, and immune cell infiltrates to maintain dermal structure with maintaining filaggrin expression in AD-induced HaCaT cells and Nc/Nga mice. These results suggested that Pinus koraiensis needles and cones extracts can be developed and applied as beneficial alternative therapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ah Ryuk
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Byoung-Seob Ko
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Na Rang Moon
- Food & Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Sunmin Park
- Food & Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea.,Department of Bioconvergence System, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea
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Verma P, Joshi BC, Bairy PS. A Comprehensive Review on Anti-obesity Potential of Medicinal Plants and their Bioactive Compounds. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083808666220211162540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Obesity is a complex health and global epidemic issue. It is an increasing global health challenge covering significant social and economic costs. Abnormal accumulation of fat in the body may increase the health risks including diabetes, hypertension, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, cardiovascular diseases, stroke and cancer. Synthetic drugs available on the market reported to have several side effects. Therefore, the management of obesity got to involve the traditional use of medicinal plants which helps to search the new therapeutic targets and supports the research and development of anti-obesity drugs.
Objective:
This review aim to update the data and provide a comprehensive report of currently available knowledge of medicinal plants and phyto-chemical constituents reported for their anti-obesity activity.
Methodology:
An electronic search of the periodical databases like Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Scielo, Niscair, ScienceDirect, Springerlink, Wiley, SciFinder and Google Scholar with information reported the period 1991-2019, was used to retrieve published data.
Results:
A comprehensive report of the present review manuscript is an attempt to list the medicinal plants with anti-obesity activity. The review focused on plant extracts, isolated chemical compounds with their mechanism of action and their preclinical experimental model, clinical studies for further scientific research.
Conclusion:
This review is the compilation of the medicinal plants and their constituents reported for the managements of obesity. The data will fascinate the researcher to initiate further research that may lead to the drug for the management of obesity and their associated secondary complications. Several herbal plants and their respective lead constituents were also screened by preclinical In-vitro and In-vivo, clinical trials and are effective in the treatment of obesity. Therefore, there is a need to develop and screen large number of plant extracts and this approach can surely be a driving force for the discovery of anti-obesity drugs from medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Verma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun-248001, Uttarakhand (India)
| | - Bhuwan Chandra Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital-263136, Uttarakhand (India)
| | - Partha Sarathi Bairy
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Clement Town, Dehradun-248001, Uttarakhand (India)
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Park JH, Bok MK, Kim J, Maeng S, Kim SH, Jung JH, Lee HJ, Lim H. Effect of an extract of Pinus koraiensis leaves, Lycium chinense fruit, and Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Baill. leaves on liver function in excessive drinkers: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Mofrad MD, Rahmani J, Varkaneh HK, Teymouri A, Mousavi SM. The effects of garlic supplementation on weight loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2021; 91:370-382. [DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Obesity is related to increase in the incidence of morbidity and mortality. Studies have suggested anti-obesity properties of garlic; however, results are inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis is done to summarize the data obtained from available randomized clinical trials on the effect of garlic supplementation on body weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), and Waist Circumference (WC). The online databases of Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane library were searched until March 2018 for related publications using relevant keywords. Effect sizes of eligible studies were pooled using random-effects models. Cochran’s Q-test and I2 index were used for assessing heterogeneity. We found 1241 records in our initial search, of which 13 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with 15 treatment arms were included. Pooled analysis showed that garlic administration might significantly decrease WC (Weighed Mean Difference (WMD): −1.10 cm, 95% CI: −2.13, −0.07, P = 0.03, I2 = 0%). However, garlic intervention had no significant effect on body weight (WMD): −0.17 kg, 95% CI: −0.75 to 0.39, P = 0.54, I2 = 0%) and BMI (WMD: −0.17 kg/m2, 95% CI: −0.52, 0.16, P = 0.30, I2 = 44.5%) as compared to controls. From Subgroup analysis, it was ascertained that the effect of garlic supplementation on BMI was significant in trials with duration < 12 weeks (WMD: −0.58 kg/m2, 95% CI: −1.08, −0.08, I2 = 19.8%, P = 0.02) compared to those with higher duration (>12 weeks). The current meta-analysis results suggest that garlic supplementation seems to reduce waist circumference unlike body weight and BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manije Darooghegi Mofrad
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Students’ Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamal Rahmani
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Kord Varkaneh
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Teymouri
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students’ Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Students’ Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Shahinozzaman M, Islam M, Basak B, Sultana A, Emran R, Ashrafizadeh M, Islam ATMR. A review on chemistry, source and therapeutic potential of lambertianic acid. Z NATURFORSCH C 2021; 76:347-356. [PMID: 33826808 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2020-0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Lambertianic acid (LA) is a diterpene bioactive compound mainly purified from different species of Pinus. It is an optical isomer of another natural compound daniellic acid and was firstly purified from Pinus lambertiana. LA can be synthesized in laboratory from podocarpic acid. It has been reported to have potential health benefits in attenuating obesity, allergies and different cancers including breast, liver, lung and prostate cancer. It exhibits anticancer properties through inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and survival, and inducing apoptosis, targeting major signalling components including AKT, AMPK, NFkB, COX-2, STAT3, etc. Most of the studies with LA were done using in vitro models, thus warranting future investigations with animal models to evaluate its pharmacological effects such as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects as well as to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms and toxicological profile. This review describes the chemistry, source, purification and therapeutic potentials of LA and it can therefore be a suitable guideline for any future study with LA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahinozzaman
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Moutushi Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Bristy Basak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Arifa Sultana
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Rashiduzzaman Emran
- Department of Biochemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.,Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE), Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.,Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
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11
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Li Y, Yang Y, Huang X, Huang J, Dong C. Molecular and genetic evidence for a tetrapolar mating system in Sparassis latifolia. Fungal Biol 2020; 124:1004-1012. [PMID: 33213780 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Sparassis latifolia is a valuable edible fungus cultivated in East Asia that is rich in β-glucans. Understanding the mating system and sexual life cycle is important not only for breeding programs to improve strains but also for studies on speciation and population structures. In the present study, mating experiments using monokaryons derived from two different parental strains were performed. Chi-squared test indicated satisfied Mendel segregation, which supported a tetrapolar mating system. A search in the genome for homologs to the well-defined homeodomain and pheromone/receptors, as well as frequently found flanking genes, resulted in the identification of known mating-type loci previously identified in tetrapolar basidiomycetes, each represented by two idiomorphic alleles on separate contigs. Deficiency of the β-flanking protein in S. latifolia and S. crispa around the MAT-A locus may be explained by the locus being rich in transposable elements adjacent to HD genes. Monokaryotic mycelia are characterized by a slower growth rate and a relative lack of aerial mycelia compared with the parental strain. Chlamydospores can be produced in both monokaryotic and dikaryotic mycelial stages. We provide genetic and molecular evidence for the mating system of S. latifolia, a finding that will be helpful for the cross-breeding of this mushroom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xianhua Huang
- Fujian Rongyi Medicinal Fungus Technology R & D Co., Ltd., Fuzhou, Fujian 350100, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Fujian Rongyi Medicinal Fungus Technology R & D Co., Ltd., Fuzhou, Fujian 350100, China
| | - Caihong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Lee JC, Sim DY, Lee H, Im E, Choi J, Park JE, Park WY, Jung JH, Shim BS, Kim S. MicroRNA216b
mediated downregulation of
HSP27
/
STAT3
/
AKT
signaling is critically involved in lambertianic acid induced apoptosis in human cervical cancers. Phytother Res 2020; 35:898-907. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Chul Lee
- College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Yong Sim
- College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo‐Jung Lee
- College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Im
- College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jhin‐Back Choi
- College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eon Park
- College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Woon Yi Park
- College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jung
- College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sung‐Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
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Lew LC, Hor YY, Jaafar MH, Lau ASY, Lee BK, Chuah LO, Yap KP, Azlan A, Azzam G, Choi SB, Liong MT. Lactobacillus Strains Alleviated Hyperlipidemia and Liver Steatosis in Aging Rats via Activation of AMPK. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165872. [PMID: 32824277 PMCID: PMC7461503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we hypothesized that different strains of Lactobacillus can alleviate hyperlipidemia and liver steatosis via activation of 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an enzyme that is involved in cellular energy homeostasis, in aged rats. Male rats were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) and injected with D-galactose daily over 12 weeks to induce aging. Treatments included (n = 6) (i) normal diet (ND), (ii) HFD, (iii) HFD-statin (lovastatin 2 mg/kg/day), (iv) HFD-Lactobacillus fermentum DR9 (10 log CFU/day), (v) HFD-Lactobacillus plantarum DR7 (10 log CFU/day), and (vi) HFD-Lactobacillus reuteri 8513d (10 log CFU/day). Rats administered with statin, DR9, and 8513d reduced serum total cholesterol levels after eight weeks (p < 0.05), while the administration of DR7 reduced serum triglycerides level after 12 weeks (p < 0.05) as compared to the HFD control. A more prominent effect was observed from the administration of DR7, where positive effects were observed, ranging from hepatic gene expressions to liver histology as compared to the control (p < 0.05); downregulation of hepatic lipid synthesis and β-oxidation gene stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), upregulation of hepatic sterol excretion genes of ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 5 and 8 (ABCG5 and ABCG8), lesser degree of liver steatosis, and upregulation of hepatic energy metabolisms genes AMPKα1 and AMPKα2. Taken altogether, this study illustrated that the administration of selected Lactobacillus strains led to improved lipid profiles via activation of energy and lipid metabolisms, suggesting the potentials of Lactobacillus as a promising natural intervention for alleviation of cardiovascular and liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Ching Lew
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (L.-C.L.); (Y.-Y.H.); (M.-H.J.); (A.-S.-Y.L.); (B.-K.L.); (L.-O.C.)
- USM-RIKEN International Centre for Ageing Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Yan-Yan Hor
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (L.-C.L.); (Y.-Y.H.); (M.-H.J.); (A.-S.-Y.L.); (B.-K.L.); (L.-O.C.)
- USM-RIKEN International Centre for Ageing Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Mohamad-Hafis Jaafar
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (L.-C.L.); (Y.-Y.H.); (M.-H.J.); (A.-S.-Y.L.); (B.-K.L.); (L.-O.C.)
- USM-RIKEN International Centre for Ageing Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Amy-Sie-Yik Lau
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (L.-C.L.); (Y.-Y.H.); (M.-H.J.); (A.-S.-Y.L.); (B.-K.L.); (L.-O.C.)
| | - Boon-Kiat Lee
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (L.-C.L.); (Y.-Y.H.); (M.-H.J.); (A.-S.-Y.L.); (B.-K.L.); (L.-O.C.)
| | - Li-Oon Chuah
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (L.-C.L.); (Y.-Y.H.); (M.-H.J.); (A.-S.-Y.L.); (B.-K.L.); (L.-O.C.)
| | - Kien-Pong Yap
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Azali Azlan
- School of Biological Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Ghows Azzam
- USM-RIKEN International Centre for Ageing Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
- School of Biological Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Sy-Bing Choi
- School of Data Sciences, Perdana University, MARDI Complex, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.-B.C.); (M.-T.L.); Tel.: +603-89418646 (S.-B.C.); +604-653-2114 (M.-T.L.); Fax: +603-894107661 (S.-B.C.); +604-653-6375 (M.-T.L.)
| | - Min-Tze Liong
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (L.-C.L.); (Y.-Y.H.); (M.-H.J.); (A.-S.-Y.L.); (B.-K.L.); (L.-O.C.)
- USM-RIKEN International Centre for Ageing Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (S.-B.C.); (M.-T.L.); Tel.: +603-89418646 (S.-B.C.); +604-653-2114 (M.-T.L.); Fax: +603-894107661 (S.-B.C.); +604-653-6375 (M.-T.L.)
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Suppression of STAT3 Phosphorylation and RelA/p65 Acetylation Mediated by MicroRNA134 Plays a Pivotal Role in the Apoptotic Effect of Lambertianic Acid. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122993. [PMID: 31248140 PMCID: PMC6628272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As p300-mediated RelA/p65 hyperacetylation by signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) is critical for NF-κB activation, in the current study, the apoptotic mechanism of lambertianic acid (LA) was explored in relation to STAT3 phosphorylation and RelA/p65 acetylation in MCF-7, DU145, PC-3, and MDA-MB-453 cells. LA significantly increased the cytotoxicity, sub G 1 population, and the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in MDA-MB-453 or PC-3 cells (STAT3 mutant), more than in the MCF-7 or DU145 cells (STAT3 wild). Consistently, LA inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3 and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and disrupted the interaction between p-STAT3, p300, NF-κB, and RelA/p65 acetylation (Ac-RelA/p65) in the MCF-7 and DU145 cells. Also, LA reduced the nuclear translocation of STAT3 and NF-κB via their colocalization, and also suppressed the protein expression of XIAP, survivin, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Cox-2, c-Myc and mRNA expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in MCF-7 cells. Conversely, IL-6 blocked the ability of LA to suppress the cytotoxicity and PARP cleavage, while the depletion of STAT3 or p300 enhanced the PARP cleavage of LA in the MCF-7 cells. Notably, LA upregulated the level of miRNA134 and so miRNA134 mimic attenuated the expression of pro-PARP, p-STAT3, and Ac-RelA, while the miRNA134 inhibitor reversed the ability of LA to reduce the expression of Ac-RelA and pro-PARP in MCF-7 cells. Overall, these findings suggest that LA induced apoptosis via the miRNA-134 mediated inhibition of STAT3 and RelA/p65 acetylation.
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Han HJ, Song X, Yadav D, Hwang MS, Lee JH, Lee CH, Kim TH, Lee JJ, Kwon J. Ulmus macrocarpa Hance modulates lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemia via activation of AMPK pathway. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217112. [PMID: 31120956 PMCID: PMC6532881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulmus macrocarpa Hance as an oriental medicinal plant has shown enormous potential for the treatment of several metabolic disorders in Korea. Hyperlipidemia, which is characterized by the excess accumulation of lipid contents in the bloodstream, may lead to several cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, in this study, anti-hyperlipidemic potential of U. macrocarpa water extract (UME) was examined in vitro and in vivo using HepG2 cells and experimental rats, respectively. The hyperlipidemia in experimental rats was induced by the high-cholesterol diet (HCD) followed by oral administration of various concentrations (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) of UME for 6 weeks. As a result, the UME significantly improved the biochemical parameters such as increased the level of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol as well as reduced the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the HCD-fed rats. In addition, UME also prevented lipid accumulation through regulating AMPK activity and lipid metabolism proteins (ACC, SREBP1 and HMGCR) in the HCD-fed rats as compared to the controls. Moreover, similar pattern of gene expression levels was confirmed in oleic acid (OA)-treated HepG2 cells. Taken together, our results indicate that UME prevents hyperlipidemia via activating the AMPK pathway and regulates lipid metabolism. Thus, based on the above findings, it is estimated that UME could be a potential therapeutic agent for preventing the hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ju Han
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Xinjie Song
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Sun Hwang
- Korea Nanotechnology Center and Center for Anti-Aging Industry, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hee Lee
- Korea Nanotechnology Center and Center for Anti-Aging Industry, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- Korea Nanotechnology Center and Center for Anti-Aging Industry, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hee Kim
- Naturetech Co. Ltd., Chopyeong-myeon, Jincheon-gun, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Jun Lee
- Naturetech Co. Ltd., Chopyeong-myeon, Jincheon-gun, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungkee Kwon
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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16
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Fomes fomentarius Ethanol Extract Exerts Inhibition of Cell Growth and Motility Induction of Apoptosis via Targeting AKT in Human Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051147. [PMID: 30845749 PMCID: PMC6429104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fomes fomentarius, an edible mushroom, is known to have anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetes effects. However, the underlying anti-cancer mechanism of F. fomentarius is unknown. To determine the molecular mechanism of the anti-cancer effects of F. fomentarius, various methods were used including fluorescence-activated cell sorting, Western blotting, migration, and crystal violet assays. F. fomentarius ethanol extract (FFE) decreased cell viability in six cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, A549, H460, DU145, and PC-3). FFE decreased the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells without causing cell toxicity. Furthermore, FFE attenuated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and phosphorylation of Akt as well as increased E-cadherin in MDA-MB-231 cells. FFE arrested the S and G2/M populations by inhibiting the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins such as cyclin-dependent kinase 2, cyclin A/E, and S-phase kinase-associated protein 2. FFE increased the sub-G1 population and expression of cleaved caspase-9, -3, and cleaved poly adenosine diphosphate (ADP-ribose) polymerase at 72 h and suppressed B-cell lymphoma 2. Interestingly, FFE and AKT inhibitors showed similar effects in MDA-MB-231 cells. Additionally, FFE contained betulin which inhibited p-AKT in MDA-MB-231 cells. Our findings demonstrate that FFE inhibits cell motility and growth and induces apoptosis by inhibiting the phsphoinositide 3- kinase /AKT pathway and caspase activation.
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17
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Kang MC, Ding Y, Kim HS, Jeon YJ, Lee SH. Inhibition of Adipogenesis by Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC) through AMPK Activation in Adipocytes. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17010044. [PMID: 30634617 PMCID: PMC6356311 DOI: 10.3390/md17010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the antiobesity effect and the mechanism of action of diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC) isolated from Ishige okamurae in 3T3-L1 cells. The antiobesity effects were examined by evaluating intracellular fat accumulation in Oil Red O-stained adipocytes. Based on the results, DPHC dose-dependently inhibited the lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. DPHC significantly inhibited adipocyte-specific proteins such as SREBP-1c, PPARγ, C/EBP α, and adiponectin, as well as adipogenic enzymes, including perilipin, FAS, FABP4, and leptin in adipocytes. These results indicated that DPHC primarily acts by regulating adipogenic-specific proteins through inhibiting fat accumulation and fatty acid synthesis in adipocytes. DPHC treatment significantly increased both AMPK and ACC phosphorylation in adipocytes. These results indicate that DPHC inhibits the fat accumulation by activating AMPK and ACC in 3T3-L1 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that DPHC can be used as a potential therapeutic agent against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Cheol Kang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245 Nongsaengmyeong-Ro Iseo-Myeon, Wanju-Gun, Jeollabuk-Do 55365, Korea.
| | - Yuling Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Seung-Hong Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea.
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18
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Ahn DS, Lee HJ, Hwang J, Han H, Kim B, Shim B, Kim SH. Lambertianic Acid Sensitizes Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers to TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis via Inhibition of XIAP/NF-κB and Activation of Caspases and Death Receptor 4. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051476. [PMID: 29772677 PMCID: PMC5983579 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lambertianic acid (LA) is a biologically active compound from the leaves of Pinus koraiensis. In the present study, apoptotic mechanisms of LA plus TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) were elucidated in non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLCs). Cytotoxicity assay, flow cytometry, immunoprecipitation, and Western blotting were performed. Here, combined treatment of LA and TRAIL increased cytotoxicity, sub-G1 population, cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and caspase3/8/9 in A549 and H1299 cells compared to LA or TRAIL alone. Furthermore, combined treatment of LA and TRAIL significantly decreased antiapoptotic proteins such as B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Fas-like inhibitor protein (FLIP), and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), and enhanced the activation of proapoptotic proteins Bid compared to LA or TRAIL alone. In addition, combined treatment of LA and TRAIL upregulated the expression of Death receptor 4 (DR4) and downregulated phosphorylation of nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (p-NF-κB), inhibitory protein of kB family (p-IκB), and FLIP in A549 and H1299 cells along with disrupted binding of XIAP with caspase3 or NF-κB. Overall, these findings suggest that lambertianic acid enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis via inhibition of XIAP/NF-κB in TRAIL resistant NSCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deok Soo Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Hyo Jung Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Jisung Hwang
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Hyukgyu Han
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Bonglee Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - BumSang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
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Lee JH, Lee HJ, Sim DY, Jung JH, Kim KR, Kim SH. Apoptotic effect of lambertianic acid through AMPK/FOXM1 signaling in MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells. Phytother Res 2018; 32:1755-1763. [PMID: 29722086 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Though lambertianic acid (LA) was known to exert antitumor effect in liver and prostate cancers, its underlying anticancer mechanism is never reported in breast cancers so far. Thus, in this study, apoptotic mechanism of LA was elucidated in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Here, LA increased cytotoxicity in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells; enhanced sub-G1 population, G2/M arrest, and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase; activated phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/acetyl-CoA carboxylase pathway; and also suppressed phosphorylation of AKT and the expression of forkhead box M1 (FOXM1), X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein, B-cell lymphoma 2, and CyclinB1 in MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, AMPK inhibitor compound C reversed the effect of LA on FOXM1, Cyclin B1, and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in MDA-MB-231 cells. Notably, immunoprecipitation revealed that LA disturbed the direct binding of AKT and FOXM1 in MDA-MB-231 cells. Overall, these findings suggest that LA-induced apoptosis is mediated via activation of AMPK and inhibition of AKT/FOXM1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hee Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Deok Yong Sim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jung
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Ka Ram Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
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Reactive oxygen species dependent phosphorylation of the liver kinase B1/AMP activated protein kinase/ acetyl-CoA carboxylase signaling is critically involved in apoptotic effect of lambertianic acid in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:70116-70129. [PMID: 29050265 PMCID: PMC5642540 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Though lambertianic acid (LA) is reported to have hypolipidemic activity in liver, its underlying anticancer mechanism is poorly understood so far. Thus, in the present study, apoptotic mechanism of LA was elucidated in HepG2 and SK-Hep1 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Here LA increased cytotoxicity, sub-G1 population and Annexin V/PI positive cells in two HCC cells. Also, LA cleaved caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), activated phosphorylation of liver kinase B1 (LKB1)/AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK)/ acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) pathway and also suppressed antiapoptotic proteins such as phosphorylation of Akt/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and the expression of B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)/ B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in two HCC cells. Furthermore, LA generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HepG2 cells and AMPK inhibitor compound C or ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) blocked the apoptotic ability of LA to cleave PARP or increase sub G1 population in HepG2 cells. Consistently, cleavages of PARP and caspase-3 were induced by LA only in AMPK+/+ MEF cells, but not in AMPK-/- MEF cells. Also, immunoprecipitation (IP) revealed that phosphorylation of LKB1/AMPK through their binding was enhanced in LA treated HepG2 cells. Overall, these findings suggest that ROS dependent phosphorylation of LKB1/AMPK/ACC signaling is critically involved in LA induced apoptosis in HCCs.
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Activation of AMPKα mediates additive effects of solamargine and metformin on suppressing MUC1 expression in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36721. [PMID: 27830724 PMCID: PMC5103223 DOI: 10.1038/srep36721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The mucin 1 (MUC1) oncoprotein is highly expressed in human prostate cancers with aggressive features. However, the role for MUC1 in occurrence and progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remained elusive. In this study, we showed that solamargine, a major steroidal alkaloid glycoside, inhibited the growth of CRPC cells, which was enhanced in the presence of metformin. Furthermore, we found that solamargine increased phosphorylation of AMPKα, whereas reducing the protein expression and promoter activity of MUC1. A greater effect was observed in the presence of metformin. In addition, solamargine reduced NF-κB subunit p65 protein expression. Exogenously expressed p65 resisted solamargine-reduced MUC1 protein and promoter activity. Interestingly, exogenously expressed MUC1 attenuated solamargine-stimulated phosphorylation of AMPKα and, more importantly reversed solamargine-inhibited cell growth. Finally, solamargine increased phosphorylation of AMPKα, while inhibiting MUC1, p65 and tumor growth were observed in vivo. Overall, our results show that solamargine inhibits the growth of CRPC cells through AMPKα-mediated inhibition of p65, followed by reduction of MUC1 expression in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, metformin facilitates the antitumor effect of solamargine on CRPC cells.
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Anti-Cancer Effect of Lambertianic Acid by Inhibiting the AR in LNCaP Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071066. [PMID: 27399684 PMCID: PMC4964442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lambertianic acid (LA) is known to have anti-allergic and antibacterial effects. However, the anticancer activities and mechanism of action of LA have not been investigated. Therefore, the anticancer effects and mechanism of LA are investigated in this study. LA decreased not only AR protein levels, but also cellular and secretory levels of PSA. Furthermore, LA inhibited nuclear translocation of the AR induced by mibolerone. LA suppressed cell proliferation by inducing G1 arrest, downregulating CDK4/6 and cyclin D1 and activating p53 and its downstream molecules, p21 and p27. LA induced apoptosis and the expression of related proteins, including cleaved caspase-9 and -3, c-PARP and BAX, and inhibited BCl-2. The role of AR in LA-induced apoptosis was assessed by using siRNA. Collectively, these findings suggest that LA exerts the anticancer effect by inhibiting AR and is a valuable therapeutic agent in prostate cancer treatment.
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