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Ramírez-Bayard IE, Mejía F, Medina-Sánchez JR, Cornejo-Reyes H, Castillo M, Querol-Audi J, Martínez-Torres AO. Prevalence of Plasmid-Associated Tetracycline Resistance Genes in Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Environmental, Animal and Human Samples in Panama. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:280. [PMID: 36830191 PMCID: PMC9952377 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance bacteria are nowadays ubiquitous. Its presence has been reported in almost every type of source, from water for agricultural and recreative use, water distribution pipes, and wastewater, to food, fomites, and clinical samples. Enterobacteriaceae, especially Escherichia coli, are not the exception, showing an increased resistance to several antibiotics, causing a global health and economic burden. Therefore, the monitoring of fecal microbiota is important because it is present in numerous reservoirs where gene transfer between commensal and virulent bacteria can take place, representing a potential source of resistant E. coli. In this work, antibiotic resistance profiles of 150 E. coli isolates from environmental, animal, and human samples, collected in three rural areas in Panama, were analyzed. A total of 116 isolates were resistant to at least one of the nine antibiotics tested. Remarkably, almost 100% of these exhibited resistance to tetracycline. Plasmid-associated tetA and tetB genes were detected in 42.86% of the isolates analyzed, tetA being the most prevalent. These results suggest that tetracycline resistance would be used as a convenient indicator of genetic horizontal transfer within a community.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. E. Ramírez-Bayard
- Experimental and Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Vice Rectory of Research and Postgraduate Affairs, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City 0820, Panama
- Water Microbiology Laboratory, Vice Rectory of Research and Postgraduate Affairs, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City 0820, Panama
- Master in Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences and Technology, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City 0820, Panama
| | - F. Mejía
- Experimental and Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Vice Rectory of Research and Postgraduate Affairs, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City 0820, Panama
- Water Microbiology Laboratory, Vice Rectory of Research and Postgraduate Affairs, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City 0820, Panama
- Master in Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences and Technology, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City 0820, Panama
| | - J. R. Medina-Sánchez
- Experimental and Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Vice Rectory of Research and Postgraduate Affairs, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City 0820, Panama
- Water Microbiology Laboratory, Vice Rectory of Research and Postgraduate Affairs, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City 0820, Panama
- Master in Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences and Technology, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City 0820, Panama
| | - H. Cornejo-Reyes
- Experimental and Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Vice Rectory of Research and Postgraduate Affairs, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City 0820, Panama
- Water Microbiology Laboratory, Vice Rectory of Research and Postgraduate Affairs, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City 0820, Panama
- Master in Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences and Technology, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City 0820, Panama
| | | | - J. Querol-Audi
- Experimental and Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Vice Rectory of Research and Postgraduate Affairs, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City 0820, Panama
- Water Microbiology Laboratory, Vice Rectory of Research and Postgraduate Affairs, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City 0820, Panama
- Master in Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences and Technology, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City 0820, Panama
- Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI), SENACYT, Panama City 0816, Panama
| | - A. O. Martínez-Torres
- Experimental and Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Vice Rectory of Research and Postgraduate Affairs, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City 0820, Panama
- Water Microbiology Laboratory, Vice Rectory of Research and Postgraduate Affairs, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City 0820, Panama
- Master in Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences and Technology, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City 0820, Panama
- Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI), SENACYT, Panama City 0816, Panama
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Jia Y, Mao W, Liu B, Zhang S, Cao J, Xu X. Study on the drug resistance and pathogenicity of Escherichia coli isolated from calf diarrhea and the distribution of virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance genes. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:992111. [PMID: 36620061 PMCID: PMC9815963 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.992111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The unscientific and irrational use of antimicrobial drugs in dairy farms has led to the emergence of more serious drug resistance in Escherichia coli. Methods In this study, cases of calf diarrhea in cattle farms around the Hohhot area were studied, and Escherichia coli were identified by PCR and biochemical methods, while the distribution of virulence and drug resistance genes of the isolates was analyzed. Results The results showed that 21 strains of Escherichia coli were isolated from the diseased materials, and the isolation rate was 60%. The isolated strains belong to 15 ST types. The drug resistance levels of the isolated strains to 20 kinds of antimicrobial agent viz., penicillin, ampicillin, cefotaxime, cefepime, cefoxitin, and ceftriaxone were more than 50%. The resistance rate to meropenem was 10%. The resistance rates to tetracycline and doxycycline were 33% and 29%, to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and enrofloxacin were 48%, 33%, and 33%, to amikacin, kanamycin and gentamicin were 19%, 24% and 38%, to cotrimoxazole and erythromycin were 48% and 15%, to florfenicol, chloramphenicol and polymyxin B were 29%, 33%, and 5%. Nine strains of pathogenic calf diarrhea Escherichia coli were isolated by mouse pathogenicity test. The detection rates of virulence genes for the adhesion class were fimC (95%), IuxS (95%), eaeA (76%), fimA (62%), ompA (52%), and flu (24%). The detection rates for iron transporter protein like virulence genes were iroN (33%), iutA (19%), fyuA (14%), irp5 (9.5%), Iss (9.5%), and iucD (9.5%). The detection rates for toxin-like virulence genes were phoA (90%), Ecs3703 (57%), ropS (33%), hlyF (14%), and F17 (9.5%). The detection rates of tetracycline resistance genes in isolated strains were tetB (29%), tetA (19%) and tetD (14%). The detection rates for fluoroquinolone resistance genes were parC (Y305H, P333S, R355G) (9.5%), gyrA (S83L, D87N) (28%), qnrD (43%), and qnrS (9.5%). The detection rates for β-lactam resistance genes were bla CTX-M (29%), bla TEM (29%), and bla SHV (9.5%). The detection rates for aminoglycoside resistance genes were strA-B (57%), aacC (33%), aac(3')-IIa (29%), and aadAI (24%). The detection rates of chloramphenicol resistance genes floR and sulfa resistance genes sul2 were 24 and 33%. Conclusion Pathogenic Escherichia coli causing diarrhea in calves contain abundant virulence genes and antibiotic resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Clinical Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China,Xuzhou Vocational College of Bioengineering, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Mao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Clinical Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
| | - Bo Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Clinical Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
| | - Shuangyi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Clinical Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
| | - Jinshan Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Clinical Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China,Jinshan Cao,
| | - Xiaojing Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,*Correspondence: Xiaojing Xu,
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Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria—A Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081079. [PMID: 36009947 PMCID: PMC9404765 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A global problem of multi-drug resistance (MDR) among bacteria is the cause of hundreds of thousands of deaths every year. In response to the significant increase of MDR bacteria, legislative measures have widely been taken to limit or eliminate the use of antibiotics, including in the form of feed additives for livestock, but also in metaphylaxis and its treatment, which was the subject of EU Regulation in 2019/6. Numerous studies have documented that bacteria use both phenotypis and gentic strategies enabling a natural defence against antibiotics and the induction of mechanisms in increasing resistance to the used antibacterial chemicals. The mechanisms presented in this review developed by the bacteria have a significant impact on reducing the ability to combat bacterial infections in humans and animals. Moreover, the high prevalence of multi-resistant strains in the environment and the ease of transmission of drug-resistance genes between the different bacterial species including commensal flora and pathogenic like foodborne pathogens (E. coli, Campylobacter spp., Enterococcus spp., Salmonella spp., Listeria spp., Staphylococcus spp.) favor the rapid spread of multi-resistance among bacteria in humans and animals. Given the global threat posed by the widespread phenomenon of multi-drug resistance among bacteria which are dangerous for humans and animals, the subject of this study is the presentation of the mechanisms of resistance in most frequent bacteria called as “foodborne pathoges” isolated from human and animals. In order to present the significance of the global problem related to multi-drug resistance among selected pathogens, especially those danger to humans, the publication also presents statistical data on the percentage range of occurrence of drug resistance among selected bacteria in various regions of the world. In addition to the phenotypic characteristics of pathogen resistance, this review also presents detailed information on the detection of drug resistance genes for specific groups of antibiotics. It should be emphasized that the manuscript also presents the results of own research i.e., Campylobacter spp., E. coli or Enetrococcus spp. This subject and the presentation of data on the risks of drug resistance among bacteria will contribute to initiating research in implementing the prevention of drug resistance and the development of alternatives for antimicrobials methods of controlling bacteria.
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A Metagenomic Approach for Characterizing Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Specific Bacterial Populations: Demonstration with Escherichia coli in Cattle Manure. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0255421. [PMID: 35285243 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02554-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The high diversity of bacterial antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and the different health risks due to their association with different bacterial hosts require environmental ARG risk assessment to have capabilities of both high throughput and host differentiation. Current whole genome sequencing of cultivated isolates is low in throughput, while direct metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS) of environmental samples is nonselective with respect to bacterial hosts. This study introduced a population metagenomic approach that combines isolate library construction and mNGS of the population metagenomic DNA, which enables studying ARGs and their association with mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in a specific bacterial population. The population metagenomic approach was demonstrated with the E. coli population in cattle manure, which detected the co-location of multiple ARGs on the same MGEs and their correspondence to the prevalence of resistance phenotypes of the E. coli isolates. When compared with direct mNGS of the cattle manure samples, the E. coli population metagenomes exhibited a significantly different resistome and an overall higher relative abundance of ARGs and horizontal gene transfer risks. IMPORTANCE Bacterial antibiotic resistance genes in the environment are ubiquitous and can pose different levels of human health risks due to their bacterial host association and subsequent mobility. This study introduced a population metagenomic approach to study ARGs and their mobility in specific bacterial populations through a combination of selective cultivation followed by next generation sequencing and bioinformatic analysis of the combined metagenome of isolates. The utility of this approach was demonstrated with the E. coli population in cattle manure samples, which showed that ARGs detected in the E. coli population corresponded to the observed resistance phenotypes, co-location of multiple ARGs on the same mobile genetic elements.
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Zhang C, Yang M. Antimicrobial Peptides: From Design to Clinical Application. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11030349. [PMID: 35326812 PMCID: PMC8944448 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli, brings public health issues and causes economic burden. Pathogenic bacteria develop several methods to resist antibiotic killing or inhibition, such as mutation of antibiotic function sites, activation of drug efflux pumps, and enzyme-mediated drug degradation. Antibiotic resistance components can be transferred between bacteria by mobile genetic elements including plasmids, transposons, and integrons, as well as bacteriophages. The development of antibiotic resistance limits the treatment options for bacterial infection, especially for MDR bacteria. Therefore, novel or alternative antibacterial agents are urgently needed. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) display multiple killing mechanisms against bacterial infections, including directly bactericidal activity and immunomodulatory function, as potential alternatives to antibiotics. In this review, the development of antibiotic resistance, the killing mechanisms of AMPs, and especially, the design, optimization, and delivery of AMPs are reviewed. Strategies such as structural change, amino acid substitution, conjugation with cell-penetration peptide, terminal acetylation and amidation, and encapsulation with nanoparticles will improve the antimicrobial efficacy, reduce toxicity, and accomplish local delivery of AMPs. In addition, clinical trials in AMP studies or applications of AMPs within the last five years were summarized. Overall, AMPs display diverse mechanisms of action against infection of pathogenic bacteria, and future research studies and clinical investigations will accelerate AMP application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunye Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Correspondence:
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Yang Y, Zhang AN, Che Y, Liu L, Deng Y, Zhang T. Underrepresented high diversity of class 1 integrons in the environment uncovered by PacBio sequencing using a new primer. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 787:147611. [PMID: 34000537 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Class 1 integrons (CL1s) are one of the major contributors to the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, our knowledge of CL1 in the environment is still very limited due to the limitations of the current PCR primers and the sequencing methods adopted. This study developed a new primer coupled with PacBio sequencing to investigate the underrepresented diversity of CL1s in a mixed environmental sample (i.e. activated sludge from wastewater treatment plant and pig feces from animal farm). The new primer successfully uncovered 20 extra ARGs subtypes and 57% (422/739) more unique integron array structures than the previous primers. Compared to the whole genome database, CL1s revealed in the environment in this study were of much greater diversity, having 93% (900/967) novel array structures. Antibiotic resistance is the predominant function (78.3% genes) carried by CL1, and a vast majority (98.6% genes) of them confer resistance to aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, trimethoprim, or chloramphenicol. Additionally, 78.5% unique CL1 arrays carried more than one ARGs, and 25.9% of them carried ARGs of clinical relevance with high transferability potential posing threat to the general public. Our results indicated the importance of CL1s in the spread of ARGs. Overall, combining PacBio sequencing with the new primer designed in this study largely broadened our knowledge of CL1s in the environment and their significance in the environmental proliferation of ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Environmental Engineering Research, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - An-Ni Zhang
- Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Environmental Engineering Research, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - You Che
- Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Environmental Engineering Research, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lei Liu
- Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Environmental Engineering Research, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yu Deng
- Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Environmental Engineering Research, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tong Zhang
- Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Environmental Engineering Research, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Yue S, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Wu C, Huang W, Chen N, Zhu Z. Phenotypic and molecular characterizations of multidrug-resistant diarrheagenic E. coli of calf origin. ANIMAL DISEASES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s44149-021-00019-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractEscherichia coli has become one of the most important causes of calf diarrhea. The aim of this study is to determine the patterns of antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolates from six cattle farms and to identify prominent resistance genes and virulence genes among the strains isolated from the diarrhea of calves. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using the disk diffusion method, and PCR was used to detect resistance and virulence genes. The prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR) E. coli was 77.8% in dairy cattle and 63.6% in beef cattle. There were high resistance rates to penicillin (100%, 100%) and ampicillin (96.3%, 86.4%) in E. coli from dairy cattle and beef cattle. Interestingly, resistance rate to antimicrobials and distribution of resistance genes in E. coli isolated from dairy cattle were higher than those in beef cattle. Further analysis showed that the most prevalent resistance genes were blaTEM and aadA1 in dairy cattle and beef cattle, respectively. Moreover, seven diarrheagenic virulence genes (irp2, fyuA, Stx1, eaeA, F41, K99 and STa) were present in the isolates from dairy cattle, with a prevalence ranging from 3.7% to 22.22%. Six diarrheagenic virulence genes (irp2, fyuA, Stx1, eaeA, hylA and F41) were identified in the isolates from beef cattle, with a prevalence ranging from 2.27% to 63.64%. Our results provide important evidence for better exploring their interaction mechanism. Further studies are also needed to understand the origin and transmission route of E. coli in cattle to reduce its prevalence.
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Leão C, Clemente L, Moura L, Seyfarth AM, Hansen IM, Hendriksen RS, Amaro A. Emergence and Clonal Spread of CTX-M-65-Producing Escherichia coli From Retail Meat in Portugal. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:653595. [PMID: 34354678 PMCID: PMC8329498 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.653595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and dissemination of resistance to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins among Enterobacteriaceae from different sources impose a global public health threat. Here, we characterized by whole-genome sequencing four Escherichia coli strains harboring the blaCTX–M–65 gene identified among 49 isolates from beef and pork collected at retail. The genomic content was determined using the Center for Genomic Epidemiology web tools. Additionally, the prediction and reconstruction of plasmids were conducted, the genetic platform of the blaCTX–M–65 genes was investigated, and phylogenetic analysis was carried out using 17 other genomes with the same sequence type and harboring the blaCTX–M–65 gene. All strains harbored blaCTX–M–65, blaOXA–1, and blaTEM–1B, and one also carried the blaSHV–12 gene. Other resistance genes, namely, qnrS2, aac(6′)-Ib-c, dfrA14, sul2, tetA, and mphA, were present in all the genomes; the mcr-1.1 gene was identified in the colistin-resistant strains. They belong to sequence type 2179, phylogenetic group B1, and serotype O9:H9 and carried plasmids IncI, IncFIC(FII), and IncFIB. All strains share an identical genetic environment with IS903 and ISEcp1 flanking the blaCTX–M–65 gene. It seems likely that the blaCTX–M–65 gene is located in the chromosome in all isolates based on deep in silico analysis. Our findings showed that the strains are clonally related and belong to two sub-lineages. This study reports the emergence of CTX-M-65-producing E. coli in Portugal in food products of animal origin. The chromosomal location of the blaCTX–M–65 gene may ensure a stable spread of resistance in the absence of selective pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Leão
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV, IP), Oeiras, Portugal.,MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Évora, Portugal
| | - Lurdes Clemente
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV, IP), Oeiras, Portugal.,Faculty of Veterinary Science, CIISA- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Laura Moura
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV, IP), Oeiras, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anne Mette Seyfarth
- EURL-AR, European Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), National Food Institute, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Inge M Hansen
- EURL-AR, European Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), National Food Institute, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rene S Hendriksen
- EURL-AR, European Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), National Food Institute, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ana Amaro
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV, IP), Oeiras, Portugal
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Bandyopadhyay S, Bhattacharyya D, Samanta I, Banerjee J, Habib M, Dutta TK, Dutt T. Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Biofilm-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Healthy Cattle and Cattle with Diarrhea. Microb Drug Resist 2021; 27:1457-1469. [PMID: 33913759 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study describes comparative occurrence and characterization of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) in healthy cattle (HC) and cattle with diarrhea (DC) in India. During 2018-2020, 72 MDR isolates, including 35 E. coli (DC: 27; HC 8) and 37 K. pneumoniae (DC: 34; HC: 3), from 251 rectal swabs (DC: 219; HC: 32) were investigated for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC type β-lactamase and carbapenemase production, antimicrobial susceptibility profile, biofilm production, and efflux pump activity. Fifty-five MDR isolates were ESBL producers (ESBLPs) (DC: 50; HC: 5) and ESBLPs from DC were coresistant to multiple antibiotics. The blaCTX-M gene (50) was the most frequently detected β-lactamases followed by blaAmpC (22), blaTEM1 (13), blaCMY-6 (6), blaOXA1 (5), blaPER (2), blaDHA, and blaFOX and blaSHV12 (1 each). Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants qnrB, qnrS, qnrA, and qepA were detected in 18, 16, 2, and 3 isolates, respectively. Twenty three isolates revealed mutation in gyrA and parC genes. Tetracycline-resistance markers tetA, tetB, tetC, and tetE were detected in 33, 10, 3, and 2 isolates, respectively. Only one of the 41 imipenem-resistant isolates harbored blaNDM-5 and two were colistin-resistant. Altogether, 20 MDR isolates were strong biofilm producers and 19 harbored different virulence factors. This is the first ever report from India on the presence of MDR Enterobacteriaceae with resistance to even last-resort antimicrobials in the bovine diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Indranil Samanta
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Jaydeep Banerjee
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kolkata, India
| | - Md Habib
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kolkata, India
| | - Tapan K Dutta
- C.V.Sc. & A.H, Central Agricultural University, Aizawl, India
| | - Triveni Dutt
- Division of Livestock Production and Management, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
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Bhat AH. Bacterial zoonoses transmitted by household pets and as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistant bacteria. Microb Pathog 2021; 155:104891. [PMID: 33878397 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Numerous individuals are committed to growing pet creatures like cats, dogs, and rats etc., pay care for them and as a result of this, there's a boost of their populace in advanced culture. The close interaction between family pets and individuals offers ideal conditions for bacterial transmission. Distinctive sorts of antimicrobial agents are exploited for animal husbandry and studies have revealed that many bacteria have attained confrontation against them viz., Staphylococcus intermedius, Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococci and multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhi etc. and a few of these are a prospective for zoonotic transmission. In the current review, the attention has been paid on how household pets, especially dogs disperse the antimicrobial resistance in contrast to that of food animals. A lot of evidences are accessible on food animals and nation-wide scrutiny programmes solely hub on food animals; therefore, for steerage antimicrobial use policy in small animal veterinary exercise as well as for gauging the chance of transmission of antimicrobial resistance to humans' statistics on pet animals are sincerely needed. Transmission of such organisms, especially pathogenic staphylococci, occurs between pets, owners, and veterinary staff, and pets can act as reservoirs of such bacteria; this may additionally have an impact on the use of antimicrobials in human medicine. There is a need to generate statistics concerning each the levels of carriage of such microorganism in pets and the risk factors associated with the switch of the microorganism to human beings who have contact with infected pets, as nicely as to improve hygiene measures in veterinary practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashaq Hussain Bhat
- Department of Zoology, Government Degree College, Billawar, 184204, Kathua, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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11
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Athanasakopoulou Z, Reinicke M, Diezel C, Sofia M, Chatzopoulos DC, Braun SD, Reissig A, Spyrou V, Monecke S, Ehricht R, Tsilipounidaki K, Giannakopoulos A, Petinaki E, Billinis C. Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Animals in Greece. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:389. [PMID: 33916633 PMCID: PMC8067336 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of multidrug resistant, extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae is increasing worldwide. The present study aimed to provide an overview of the multidrug resistance phenotype and genotype of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates of livestock and wild bird origin in Greece. Nineteen phenotypically confirmed ESBL-producing E. coli strains isolated from fecal samples of cattle (n = 7), pigs (n = 11) and a Eurasian magpie that presented resistance to at least one class of non β-lactam antibiotics, were selected and genotypically characterized. A DNA-microarray based assay was used, which allows the detection of various genes associated with antimicrobial resistance. All isolates harbored blaCTX-M-1/15, while blaTEM was co-detected in 13 of them. The AmpC gene blaMIR was additionally detected in one strain. Resistance genes were also reported for aminoglycosides in all 19 isolates, for quinolones in 6, for sulfonamides in 17, for trimethoprim in 14, and for macrolides in 8. The intI1 and/or tnpISEcp1 genes, associated with mobile genetic elements, were identified in all but two isolates. This report describes the first detection of multidrug resistance genes among ESBL-producing E. coli strains retrieved from feces of cattle, pigs, and a wild bird in Greece, underlining their dissemination in diverse ecosystems and emphasizing the need for a One-Health approach when addressing the issue of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Athanasakopoulou
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (Z.A.); (M.S.); (D.C.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Martin Reinicke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (C.D.); (S.D.B.); (A.R.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Celia Diezel
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (C.D.); (S.D.B.); (A.R.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Marina Sofia
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (Z.A.); (M.S.); (D.C.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Dimitris C. Chatzopoulos
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (Z.A.); (M.S.); (D.C.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Sascha D. Braun
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (C.D.); (S.D.B.); (A.R.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Annett Reissig
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (C.D.); (S.D.B.); (A.R.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Vassiliki Spyrou
- Faculty of Animal Science, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Stefan Monecke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (C.D.); (S.D.B.); (A.R.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institut fuer Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Medizinische Fakultaet “Carl Gustav Carus”, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (C.D.); (S.D.B.); (A.R.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07737 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Alexios Giannakopoulos
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (Z.A.); (M.S.); (D.C.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Efthymia Petinaki
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (K.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Charalambos Billinis
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (Z.A.); (M.S.); (D.C.C.); (A.G.)
- Faculty of Public and Integrated Health, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
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12
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Gruel G, Sellin A, Riveiro H, Pot M, Breurec S, Guyomard-Rabenirina S, Talarmin A, Ferdinand S. Antimicrobial use and resistance in Escherichia coli from healthy food-producing animals in Guadeloupe. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:116. [PMID: 33685450 PMCID: PMC7938459 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02810-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Selection pressure exerted by use of antibiotics in both human and veterinary medicine is responsible for increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The objectives of this study were to better understand antimicrobial use in pigs, beef cattle, and poultry on farms on Guadeloupe, French West Indies, and to acquire data on AMR in Escherichia coli in these food-producing animals. A cross-sectional survey was conducted at 45 farms on Guadeloupe, and practical use of antimicrobials was documented in declarative interviews between March and July 2018. A total of 216 fecal samples were collected between January 2018 and May 2019, comprising 124 from pigs, 75 from beef cattle, and 17 from poultry litter. E. coli isolates were obtained for further testing by isolation and identification from field samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and screening for blaCTX-M, blaTEM, tetA, and tetB resistance genes by polymerase chain reaction on extracted genomic DNA were performed. Results The study showed rational use of antimicrobials, consisting of occasional use for curative treatment by veterinary prescription. Tetracycline was the most commonly used antimicrobial, but its use was not correlated to E. coli resistance. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) E. coli isolates were detected in 7.3% of pigs, 14.7% of beef cattle, and 35.3% of poultry. blaCTX-M-1 was the predominant gene found in ESBL-E. coli isolates (68.8%), followed by blaCTX-M-15 (31.3%). Conclusion Despite rational use of antimicrobials, the rate of ESBL-E. coli in food-producing animals in Guadeloupe, although moderate, is a concern. Further studies are in progress to better define the genetic background of the ESBL-E. coli isolates. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Gruel
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecosystems Interactions, Transmission Reservoir and Pathogens Diversity Unit, Institut Pasteur of Guadeloupe, Morne Joliviere - B.P. 484, 97183, Les Abymes Cedex, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Arantxa Sellin
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecosystems Interactions, Transmission Reservoir and Pathogens Diversity Unit, Institut Pasteur of Guadeloupe, Morne Joliviere - B.P. 484, 97183, Les Abymes Cedex, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Hélène Riveiro
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecosystems Interactions, Transmission Reservoir and Pathogens Diversity Unit, Institut Pasteur of Guadeloupe, Morne Joliviere - B.P. 484, 97183, Les Abymes Cedex, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Matthieu Pot
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecosystems Interactions, Transmission Reservoir and Pathogens Diversity Unit, Institut Pasteur of Guadeloupe, Morne Joliviere - B.P. 484, 97183, Les Abymes Cedex, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Sébastien Breurec
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecosystems Interactions, Transmission Reservoir and Pathogens Diversity Unit, Institut Pasteur of Guadeloupe, Morne Joliviere - B.P. 484, 97183, Les Abymes Cedex, Guadeloupe, France.,Faculté de Médecine Hyacinthe Bastaraud, Université des Antilles, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France.,Centre d'Investigation Clinique, INSERM CIC 1424, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Stéphanie Guyomard-Rabenirina
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecosystems Interactions, Transmission Reservoir and Pathogens Diversity Unit, Institut Pasteur of Guadeloupe, Morne Joliviere - B.P. 484, 97183, Les Abymes Cedex, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Antoine Talarmin
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecosystems Interactions, Transmission Reservoir and Pathogens Diversity Unit, Institut Pasteur of Guadeloupe, Morne Joliviere - B.P. 484, 97183, Les Abymes Cedex, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Séverine Ferdinand
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecosystems Interactions, Transmission Reservoir and Pathogens Diversity Unit, Institut Pasteur of Guadeloupe, Morne Joliviere - B.P. 484, 97183, Les Abymes Cedex, Guadeloupe, France.
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13
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Genome Informatics and Machine Learning-Based Identification of Antimicrobial Resistance-Encoding Features and Virulence Attributes in Escherichia coli Genomes Representing Globally Prevalent Lineages, Including High-Risk Clonal Complexes. mBio 2021; 13:e0379621. [PMID: 35164570 PMCID: PMC8844930 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03796-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli, a ubiquitous commensal/pathogenic member from the Enterobacteriaceae family, accounts for high infection burden, morbidity, and mortality throughout the world. With emerging multidrug resistance (MDR) on a massive scale, E. coli has been listed as one of the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) priority pathogens. Understanding the resistance mechanisms and underlying genomic features appears to be of utmost importance to tackle further spread of these multidrug-resistant superbugs. While a few of the globally prevalent sequence types (STs) of E. coli, such as ST131, ST69, ST405, and ST648, have been previously reported to be highly virulent and harboring MDR, there is no clarity if certain ST lineages have a greater propensity to acquire MDR. In this study, large-scale comparative genomics of a total of 5,653 E. coli genomes from 19 ST lineages revealed ST-wide prevalence patterns of genomic features, such as antimicrobial resistance (AMR)-encoding genes/mutations, virulence genes, integrons, and transposons. Interpretation of the importance of these features using a Random Forest Classifier trained with 11,988 genomic features from whole-genome sequence data identified ST-specific or phylogroup-specific signature proteins mostly belonging to different protein superfamilies, including the toxin-antitoxin systems. Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of a myriad of genomic features, ST-specific proteins, and resistance mechanisms entailing different lineages of E. coli at the level of genomes; this could be of significant downstream importance in understanding the mechanisms of AMR, in clinical discovery, in epidemiology, and in devising control strategies. IMPORTANCE With the leap in whole-genome data being generated, the application of relevant methods to mine biologically significant information from microbial genomes is of utmost importance to public health genomics. Machine-learning methods have been used not only to mine, curate, or classify the data but also to identify the relevant features that could be linked to a particular class/target. This is perhaps one of the pioneering studies that has attempted to classify a large repertoire of E. coli genome data sets (5,653 genomes) belonging to 19 different STs (including well-studied as well as understudied STs) using machine learning approaches. Important features identified by these approaches have revealed ST-specific signature proteins, which could be further studied to predict possible associations with the phenotypic profiles, thereby providing a better understanding of virulence and the resistance mechanisms among different clonal lineages of E. coli.
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14
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Wallace MJ, Fishbein SRS, Dantas G. Antimicrobial resistance in enteric bacteria: current state and next-generation solutions. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1799654. [PMID: 32772817 PMCID: PMC7524338 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1799654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the largest threats to global health and imposes substantial burdens in terms of morbidity, mortality, and economic costs. The gut is a key conduit for the genesis and spread of antimicrobial resistance in enteric bacterial pathogens. Distinct bacterial species that cause enteric disease can exist as invasive enteropathogens that immediately evoke gastrointestinal distress, or pathobionts that can arise from established bacterial commensals to inflict dysbiosis and disease. Furthermore, various environmental reservoirs and stressors facilitate the evolution and transmission of resistance. In this review, we present a comprehensive discussion on circulating resistance profiles and gene mobilization strategies of the most problematic species of enteric bacterial pathogens. Importantly, we present emerging approaches toward surveillance of pathogens and their resistance elements as well as promising treatment strategies that can circumvent common resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Wallace
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - S. R. S. Fishbein
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - G. Dantas
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,CONTACT G. Dantas Department of Pathology & Immunology, Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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15
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Sivaraman GK, Sudha S, Muneeb KH, Shome B, Holmes M, Cole J. Molecular assessment of antimicrobial resistance and virulence in multi drug resistant ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from food fishes, Assam, India. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104581. [PMID: 33080358 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the prevalence of Extended-Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) -producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae from the food fishes in retail markets in Assam, India. A total of 54 ESBL-producing E. coli and 12 K. pneumoniae isolates were recovered from 79 fish samples and were analyzed for antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence genes. E. coli isolates were categorized as multi drug resistant with resistance up to 12 different antibiotics with multiple antibiotic resistances (MAR) index ranging from 0.26 to 0.63. In E. coli, 100% resistance to cefotaxime along with 6% resistance to ceftazidime (third-generation cephalosporins) was observed. Moreover, 85% of the E. coli isolates were resistant to cefepime, a fourth-generation cephalosporin. K. pneumoniae showed resistance to 11 different antibiotics with MAR index value ranging from 0.21 to 0.57. All K. pneumoniae isolates showed 100% resistance to cefotaxime, 67% resistance to ceftazidime and 75% resistance to cefepime. Molecular characterization of ARGs revealed the presence of CTX-M group 1(CTX-M-15) in almost all E. coli isolates (98%, n = 53) and 100% in K. pneumoniae. A combination of uniplex and multiplex PCRs revealed fewer ARGs in E. coli isolates, with each isolate carrying 3 to 5 genes (tetA, dfrA1, sul1, sul2, qnrB, qnrS, aac(6')-Ib-cr). Majority of the E. coli were assigned to low-virulence phylogroup B1 and A while 8% of them belonged to pathogenic phylogroup D. 31 unique genetic profiles were identified for E. coli isolates by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) typing. K. pneumoniae isolates were highly diverse with 11 unique genetic profiles and a substantial ARG profile (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA-1-like, tetA, strA, strB, dfrA1, sul1, sul2, qnrB, qnrS, aac(6')-Ib-cr, oqxA, oqxB). The frequency of ARGs ranged between 4 and 11. All K. pneumoniae isolates belonged to capsular serotype with wzi gene. Virulence gene iutA was prominent in all isolates while ybtS and kfu were confirmed in two isolates. Our findings raise concerns that fishes bought for consumption may serve as potential reservoirs of AMR genes and pose serious threat to public health. The study emphasizes the need for extensive surveillance of resistant strains in aquaculture and related settings, their in-depth analysis of population structure and transmission dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Sivaraman
- Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, India.
| | - S Sudha
- Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, India
| | - K H Muneeb
- Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, India
| | - Bibek Shome
- Department of Disease Investigation, ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bangalore, India
| | - Mark Holmes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Jennifer Cole
- Department of Geography, Royal Holloway, University of London, UK.PhD Principal Scientist & Principal Investigator, Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Matsyapuri P. O, Willingdon Island Kochi, 682 029, India
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16
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Zhang X, Li X, Wang W, Qi J, Wang D, Xu L, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Guo K. Diverse Gene Cassette Arrays Prevail in Commensal Escherichia coli From Intensive Farming Swine in Four Provinces of China. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:565349. [PMID: 33154738 PMCID: PMC7591504 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.565349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple-drug resistance bacteria containing antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) are a concern for public health. Integrons are bacterial genetic elements that can capture, rearrange, and express mobile gene cassettes responsible for the spread of ARGs. Few studies link genotype and phenotype of swine-related ARGs in the context of mobile gene cassette arrays among commensal Escherichia coli (E. coli) in nonclinical livestock isolates from intensive farms. In the present study, a total of 264 isolates were obtained from 330 rectal swabs to determine the prevalence and characteristics of antibiotic-resistant gene being carried by commensal E. coli in the healthy swine from four intensive farms at Anhui, Hebei, Shanxi, and Shaanxi, in China. Antimicrobial resistance phenotypes of the recovered isolates were determined for 19 antimicrobials. The E. coli isolates were commonly nonsusceptible to doxycycline (75.8%), tetracycline (73.5%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (71.6%), amoxicillin (68.2%), sulfasalazine (67.1%), ampicillin (58.0%), florfenicol (56.1%), and streptomycin (53.0%), but all isolates were susceptible to imipenem (100%). Isolates [184 (69.7%)] exhibited multiple drug resistance with 11 patterns. Moreover, 197 isolates (74.6%) were detected carrying the integron-integrase gene (intI1) of class 1 integrons. A higher incidence of antimicrobial resistance was observed in the intI1-positive E. coli isolates than in the intI1-negative E. coli isolates. Furthermore, there were 17 kinds of gene cassette arrays in the 70 integrons as detected by sequencing amplicons of variable regions, with 66 isolates (94.3%) expressing their gene cassettes encoding for multiple drug resistance phenotypes for streptomycin, neomycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, amikacin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, sulfasalazine, and florfenicol. Notably, due to harboring multiple, hybrid, and recombination cassettes, complex cassette arrays were attributed to multiple drug resistance patterns than simple arrays. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the prevalence of multiple drug resistance and the incidence of class 1 integrons were 69.7 and 74.6% in commensal E. coli isolated from healthy swine, which were lower in frequency than that previously reported in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Weihua Wang
- Weinan Vocational and Technical College, Weinan, China
| | - Jiali Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Dong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lei Xu
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yanming Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Kangkang Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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17
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Adator EH, Narvaez-Bravo C, Zaheer R, Cook SR, Tymensen L, Hannon SJ, Booker CW, Church D, Read RR, McAllister TA. A One Health Comparative Assessment of Antimicrobial Resistance in Generic and Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Escherichia coli from Beef Production, Sewage and Clinical Settings. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8060885. [PMID: 32545206 PMCID: PMC7355928 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant and generic Escherichia coli from a One Health continuum of the beef production system in Alberta, Canada. A total of 705 extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant E. coli (ESCr) were obtained from: cattle feces (CFeces, n = 382), catch basins (CBasins, n = 137), surrounding streams (SStreams, n = 59), beef processing plants (BProcessing, n = 4), municipal sewage (MSewage; n = 98) and human clinical specimens (CHumans, n = 25). Generic isolates (663) included: CFeces (n = 142), CBasins (n = 185), SStreams (n = 81), BProcessing (n = 159) and MSewage (n = 96). All isolates were screened for antimicrobial susceptibility to 9 antimicrobials and two clavulanic acid combinations. In ESCr, oxytetracycline (87.7%), ampicillin (84.4%) and streptomycin (73.8%) resistance phenotypes were the most common, with source influencing AMR prevalence (p < 0.001). In generic E. coli, oxytetracycline (51.1%), streptomycin (22.6%), ampicillin (22.5%) and sulfisoxazole (14.3%) resistance were most common. Overall, 88.8% of ESCr, and 26.7% of generic isolates exhibited multi-drug resistance (MDR). MDR in ESCr was high from all sources: CFeces (97.1%), MSewage (96.9%), CHumans (96%), BProcessing (100%), CBasins (70.5%) and SStreams (61.4%). MDR in generic E. coli was lower with CFeces (45.1%), CBasins (34.6%), SStreams (23.5%), MSewage (13.6%) and BProcessing (10.7%). ESBL phenotypes were confirmed in 24.7% (n = 174) ESCr and 0.6% of generic E. coli. Prevalence of bla genes in ESCr were blaCTXM (30.1%), blaCTXM-1 (21.6%), blaTEM (20%), blaCTXM-9 (7.9%), blaOXA (3.0%), blaCTXM-2 (6.4%), blaSHV (1.4%) and AmpC β-lactamase blaCMY (81.3%). The lower AMR in ESCr from SStreams and BProcessing and higher AMR in CHumans and CFeces likely reflects antimicrobial use in these environments. Although MDR levels were higher in ESCr as compared to generic E. coli, AMR to the same antimicrobials ranked high in both ESCr and generic E. coli sub-populations. This suggests that both sub-populations reflect similar AMR trends and are equally useful for AMR surveillance. Considering that MDR ESCr MSewage isolates were obtained without enrichment, while those from CFeces were obtained with enrichment, MSewage may serve as a hot spot for MDR emergence and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelia H. Adator
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (E.H.A.); (C.N.-B.)
| | - Claudia Narvaez-Bravo
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (E.H.A.); (C.N.-B.)
| | - Rahat Zaheer
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada;
| | - Shaun R. Cook
- Irrigation and Farm Water Branch, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4V6, Canada; (S.R.C.); (L.T.)
| | - Lisa Tymensen
- Irrigation and Farm Water Branch, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4V6, Canada; (S.R.C.); (L.T.)
| | - Sherry J. Hannon
- Health Management Services Ltd, Okotoks, AB T1S 2A2, Canada; (S.J.H.); (C.W.B.)
| | - Calvin W. Booker
- Health Management Services Ltd, Okotoks, AB T1S 2A2, Canada; (S.J.H.); (C.W.B.)
| | - Deirdre Church
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (D.C.); (R.R.R.)
| | - Ron R. Read
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (D.C.); (R.R.R.)
| | - Tim A. McAllister
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (E.H.A.); (C.N.-B.)
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada;
- Correspondence:
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18
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Vrancianu CO, Popa LI, Bleotu C, Chifiriuc MC. Targeting Plasmids to Limit Acquisition and Transmission of Antimicrobial Resistance. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:761. [PMID: 32435238 PMCID: PMC7219019 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant global threat to both public health and the environment. The emergence and expansion of AMR is sustained by the enormous diversity and mobility of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Different mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer (HGT), including conjugation, transduction, and transformation, have facilitated the accumulation and dissemination of ARGs in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. This has resulted in the development of multidrug resistance in some bacteria. The most clinically significant ARGs are usually located on different mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that can move intracellularly (between the bacterial chromosome and plasmids) or intercellularly (within the same species or between different species or genera). Resistance plasmids play a central role both in HGT and as support elements for other MGEs, in which ARGs are assembled by transposition and recombination mechanisms. Considering the crucial role of MGEs in the acquisition and transmission of ARGs, a potential strategy to control AMR is to eliminate MGEs. This review discusses current progress on the development of chemical and biological approaches for the elimination of ARG carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corneliu Ovidiu Vrancianu
- Microbiology Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laura Ioana Popa
- Microbiology Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- The National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Coralia Bleotu
- Microbiology Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
- Microbiology Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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