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Huong NT, Hieu DV, Bich NT, Khanh TV, Ba NT, Xuan CTN, Hien QTM, Thai TH, Huong CTT. Isolation and genetic characterization of waterfowl parvovirus in ducks in Northern Vietnam. Vet World 2024; 17:981-987. [PMID: 38911086 PMCID: PMC11188894 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.981-987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Short beak and dwarfism syndrome (SBDS), a highly contagious disease, has been reported in duck farms in Vietnam since 2019. In this study, we evaluated the virulence and characterized the virus obtained from SBDS cases in North Vietnam. Materials and Methods Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect waterfowl parvovirus in ducks, and the virus from positive samples was inoculated into 10-day-old duck-embryonated eggs to reproduce the disease in young ducklings to determine the virulence and subjected to phylogenetic analysis of non-structural (NS) and VP1 gene sequences. Results and Discussion Goose parvovirus (GPV) was isolated from ducks associated with SDBS in Vietnam. The virus Han-GPV2001 is highly virulent when inoculated into 10-day-old duck embryos and 3-day-old ducklings. The mortality rate of duck embryos was 94.35% within 6 days of virus inoculation. Inoculating 3-day-old ducks with the virus stock with 104.03 EID50 through intramuscular and neck intravenous administration resulted in 80% and 66.67% of clinical signs of SDBS, respectively, were shown. Phylogenetic analysis based on the partial NS and VP1 gene sequences revealed that the viral isolate obtained in this study belonged to novel GPV (NGPV) and was closely related to previous Vietnamese and Chinese strains. Conclusion A GPV strain, Han-GPV2001, has been successfully isolated and has virulence in duck-embryonated eggs as well as caused clinical signs of SBDS in ducks. Phylogenetic analyses of partial genes encoding NS and capsid proteins indicated that the obtained GPV isolate belongs to the NGPV group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dong Van Hieu
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, 12400, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Truong Ha Thai
- Department of Microbiolgy – Infectious disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, 12400, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Chu Thi Thanh Huong
- Department of Microbiolgy – Infectious disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, 12400, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Wang X, He Y, Guo J, Wu Z, Merits A, Wang M, Jia R, Zhu D, Liu M, Zhao X, Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhang S, Huang J, Ou X, Gao Q, Sun D, Cheng A, Chen S. Comparative study of the pathogenicity of the mosquito origin strain and duck origin strain of Tembusu virus in ducklings and three-week-old mice. Virol Sin 2023; 38:827-831. [PMID: 37544649 PMCID: PMC10590687 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
•TMUV can infect Kunming mice by i.c., and the pathogenicity of mosquito TMUV is higher than that of duck TMUV. •TMUV can infect SPF ducklings by i.m., and the pathogenicity of duck TMUV is higher than that of mosquito TMUV. •SPF ducklings infected with mosquito TMUV did not produce viremia at 3, 5 and 7 dpi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yu He
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Andres Merits
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 999148, Estonia
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qun Gao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Di Sun
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Shun Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Yurayart N, Ninvilai P, Chareonviriyaphap T, Kaewamatawong T, Thontiravong A, Tiawsirisup S. Pathogenesis of Thai duck Tembusu virus in BALB/c mice: Descending infection and neuroinvasive virulence. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 68:3529-3540. [PMID: 33326703 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) is an emerging flavivirus that causes systemic disease in an avian host. The predominant cluster of DTMUV circulating in Thailand was recently classified as cluster 2.1. The pathogenesis of this virus has been extensively studied in avian hosts but not in mammalian hosts. Six-week-old BALB/c mice were intracerebrally or subcutaneously inoculated with Thai DTMUV to examine clinical signs, pathological changes, viral load and virus distribution. Results demonstrated that the virus caused disease in BALB/c mice by the intracerebral inoculation route. Infected mice demonstrated both systemic and neurological symptoms. Pathological changes and virus distribution were observed in all tested organs. Viral load in the brain was significantly higher than in other organs (p < .05), and the virus caused acute death in BALB/c mice. The virus was disseminated in all parts of the body, but no virus shedding was recorded in saliva and faeces. Findings highlighted the potential of Thai DTMUV to transmit disease in mammalian hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichapat Yurayart
- Animal Vector-Borne Disease Research Unit, Veterinary Parasitology Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patchareeporn Ninvilai
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Theerayuth Kaewamatawong
- Veterinary Pathology Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aunyaratana Thontiravong
- Animal Vector-Borne Disease Research Unit, Veterinary Parasitology Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sonthaya Tiawsirisup
- Animal Vector-Borne Disease Research Unit, Veterinary Parasitology Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Tembusu Virus entering the central nervous system caused nonsuppurative encephalitis without disrupting the blood-brain barrier. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.02191-20. [PMID: 33472933 PMCID: PMC8092698 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02191-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tembusu Virus (TMUV) is an emerging and re-emerging zoonotic pathogen that adversely affects poultry industry in recent years. TMUV disease is characterized by nonsuppurative encephalitis in ducklings. The duckling infection model was established to study the mechanism of TMUV crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) into the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we showed that no obvious clinical symptoms and enhancement of BBB permeability occurred at the early stage of infection (3∼5 dpi). While simultaneously virus particles were observed by transmission electron microscopy in the brain, inducing the accumulation of inflammatory cytokines. Neurological symptoms and disruption of BBB appeared at the intermediate stage of infection (7∼9 dpi). It was confirmed that TMUV could survive and propagate in brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs), but did not affect the permeability of BBB in vivo and in vitro at an early date. In conclusion, TMUV enters the CNS then causes encephalitis, and finally destruct the BBB, which may be due to the direct effect of TMUV on BMECs and the subsequent response of "inflammatory storm".IMPORTANCE The TMUV disease has caused huge losses to the poultry industry in Asia, which is potentially harmful to public health. Neurological symptoms and their sequelae are the main characters of this disease. However, the mechanism of how this virus enters the brain and causes encephalitis is unclear. In this study, we confirmed that the virus entered the CNS and then massively destroyed BBB and the BBB damage was closely associated with the subsequent outbreak of inflammation. TMUV may enter the CNS through the transcellular and "Trojan horse" pathways. These findings can fill the knowledge gap in the pathogenesis of TMUV-infected poultry and be benefit for the treatment of TMUV disease. What's more, TMUV is a representative to study the infection of avian flavivirus. Therefore, our studies have significances both for understanding of the full scope of mechanisms of TMUV and other flavivirus infection, and conceivably, for therapeutics.
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Zhang J, An D, Fan Y, Tang Y, Diao Y. Effect of TMUV on immune organs of TMUV infected ducklings. Vet Microbiol 2021; 255:109033. [PMID: 33711568 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tembusu Virus (TMUV), a pathogenic member of Flavivirus family, acts as the causative agent of egg-laying and has severely threatened the duck industry over the past few years. Thus far, the pathogenicity of such virus has been extensively studied, whereas TMUV on immune system has been less comprehensively assessed, especially on ducklings that exhibit more susceptible to TMUV attack. Accordingly, in the present study, 5-day-old ducklings were infected with TMUV-TC2B (104 TCID50) via intravenous injection, and mock ones were inoculated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) in identical manner as control. At 1 day-post inoculation (dpi), the innate immunity was strongly activated, and reacted rapidly to TMUV invasion, which was reflected as the significantly up-regulated IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), especially in immune organs (e.g., thymus, bursa of Fabricius (BF) and spleen). Subsequently, under the continuous monitoring, the levels of IgA, IgM and IgG acting as the representative immunoglobulins (Igs) were constantly higher than those of mock ducklings, demonstrating that humoral immunity also played a major role in anti-virus infection. Despite the immune system activated positively, TMUV still caused systemic infection, and in particular, the immune organs were subject to severe damage in the early infection. With our constant observation, the injury of spleen and BF turned out to be getting more serious, and at 6 dpi, TMUV antigen was widely detected in both of two immune organs by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and main histopathological lesion presented as lymphocytopenia. Moreover, the elevated apoptosis rate of splenic lymphocytes and the alteration of immune organ index also revealed the damage of lymphoid organs and similarly, it is worth noting that severe damages were detected in thymus of TMUV-infected ducklings as well. In brief, the present study systematically described the dynamic damage of immune system after being attacked by TMUV and presented insights into the research of pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Da An
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yunhao Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
| | - Youxiang Diao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
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6
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Analysis of Tembusu virus infection of human cell lines and human induced pluripotent stem cell derived hepatocytes. Virus Res 2020; 292:198252. [PMID: 33290792 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tembusu virus (TMUV) causes disease in poultry, especially in ducks, resulting in abnormality in egg production and with high morbidity and mortality, resulting in great loss in duck farming industry in China and Southeast Asia. Previous studies on the pathogenesis of TMUV infection have been mostly conducted in poultry, with a few studies being undertaken in mice. While TMUV does not cause disease in humans, it has been reported that antibodies against TMUV have been found in serum samples from duck farmers, and thus data on TMUV infection in humans is limited, and the pathogenesis is unclear. In this study we investigated the cell tropism and potential susceptibility of humans to TMUV using several human cell lines. The results showed that human nerve and liver cell lines were both highly susceptible and permissive, while human kidney cells were susceptible and permissive, albeit to a lower degree. In addition, human muscle cells, lung epithelial cells, B-cells, T-cells and monocytic cells were largely refractory to TMUV infection. This data suggests that liver, neuron and kidney are potential target organs during TMUV infection in humans, consistent with what has been found in animal studies.
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Abstract
The disease caused by duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) is characterized by severe egg-drop in laying ducks. Currently, the disease has spread to most duck-raising areas in China, leading to great economic losses in the duck industry. In the recent years, DTMUV has raised some concerns, because of its expanding host range and increasing pathogenicity, as well as the potential threat to public health. Innate immunity is crucial for defending against invading pathogens in the early stages of infection. Recently, studies on the interaction between DTMUV and host innate immune response have made great progress. In the review, we provide an overview of DTMUV and summarize current advances in our understanding of the interaction between DTMUV and innate immunity, including the host innate immune responses to DTMUV infection through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), signaling transducer molecules, interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), and the immune evasion strategies employed by DTMUV. The aim of the review is to gain an in-depth understanding of DTMUV pathogenesis to facilitate future studies.
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Rahmoun DE, Lieshchova MA, Fares MA. Morphological and radiological study of lymph nodes in dromedaries in Algeria. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.15421/022050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress in the study of the subtle mechanisms of interaction between cellular and molecular elements in immune responses, the general structure of the organs of the immune system, including the lymph node, has not been sufficiently studied, in particular in large farm animals. The lymph nodes of sexually mature camels have been studied anatomically and morphologically and advanced studies conducted using an X-ray system and a computer densitometer scanner with injection of a contrast medium. The topography and characteristics of the morphometric parameters (absolute and relative mass, linear measurements, volume) of certain somatic and visceral lymph nodes were determined. The mass of the lymph nodes studied varies according to the location and the interest of the organ in the satellite defense of the lymphoid system, For part of the x-ray examination of the lymph nodes, organs of large inguinal and axillary shape were selected after passing through a solution of tetraethyl-4,4-diamino-triphenylmethane oxalate, the lymph vessels were dilated and darkened, then iodine injections were made into the afferent lymphatic vessel of two lymph nodes; they were placed on the radiological cassette, a photograph taken on conventional radiography, for computer densitometer, the examination was made without preparation of the organs. A capsule encompasses the parenchyma of the lymph node, whose internal structure is composed of different zones, cortical, paracortical and medullary, on the one hand the lymphatic vessels were very clear especially with the conventional radiography with preparation of the organs, while the computer densitometer clearly revealed the deep texture of the parenchyma, basing it on the intensity of emission saturation from the use of computer densitometer.
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Hu Z, Pan Y, Cheng A, Zhang X, Wang M, Chen S, Zhu D, Liu M, Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhao X, Huang J, Zhang S, Mao S, Ou X, Yu Y, Zhang L, Liu Y, Tian B, Pan L, Rehman MU, Yin Z, Jia R. Autophagy Is a Potential Therapeutic Target Against Duck Tembusu Virus Infection in vivo. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:155. [PMID: 32351903 PMCID: PMC7174708 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Duck tembusu virus (DTMUV) is newly emerged in poultry and causes great losses to the breeding industry in China and neighboring countries. Effective antiviral strategies are still being studied. Autophagy is a cellular degradative pathway, and our lab's previous data show that autophagy promotes DTMUV replication in vitro. To study the role of autophagy further in vivo, we utilized ducks as the animal model to investigate the autophagy responses in DTMUV-targeted tissues. And also, we utilized autophagy regulators, including Rapamycin (Rapa) as the autophagy enhancer, 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) and Chloroquine (CQ) as the autophagy inhibitors, to adjust the host autophagic levels and then study the effects of autophagy on tissue damages and virus replication. As a result, we first found DTMUV infection trigged autophagy and autophagy regulator treatments regulated autophagy levels successfully in duck spleens and brains. Next, we found that autophagy inhibitors inhibited DTMUV replication and alleviated DTMUV-induced pathological symptoms, whereas the autophagy inducer treatment led to the opposite effects. And we also found that autophagic regulation was correlated with the expression of innate immune genes, including pattern recognition receptors, type I interferons, and cytokines, and caused different effects in different tissues. In summary, we demonstrated that autophagy facilitated DTMUV replication, aggravated the developments of pathological symptoms and possibly counteracts the host's innate immunity response in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Hu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Yuhong Pan
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Xingcui Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Sai Mao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Yanling Yu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Yunya Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Bin Tian
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Leichang Pan
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Mujeeb Ur Rehman
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
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Ninvilai P, Limcharoen B, Tunterak W, Prakairungnamthip D, Oraveerakul K, Banlunara W, Thontiravong A. Pathogenesis of Thai duck Tembusu virus in Cherry Valley ducks: The effect of age on susceptibility to infection. Vet Microbiol 2020; 243:108636. [PMID: 32273015 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Several duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) clusters have been identified since its first emergence in 2010. However, the pathogenesis evaluation of DTMUV has been restricted to cluster 2.2 Chinese DTMUVs. In this study, the pathogenesis of a cluster 2.1 Thai DTMUV was investigated in three ages of Cherry Valley ducks (1-, 4- and 27-week-old). In each age, 35 ducks were inoculated with a cluster 2.1 Thai DTMUV and evaluated for clinical signs, virus distribution and shedding, pathology and serological response. Our results demonstrated that all duck ages were susceptible to Thai DTMUV; however, Thai DTMUV induced greater disease severity in younger ducks (1- and 4-week-old) when compared to older ducks (27-week-old) reflected by higher morbidity and mortality rates, and higher degree of pathological severity. Corresponding to these results, longer-term viremia, higher levels of viral loads in tissues and lower neutralizing antibody titers were also observed in younger ducks compared to those in older ducks. However, it should be noted that a significant drop in egg production was found in older ducks, which also indicates the susceptibility to Thai DTMUV in older ducks. Interestingly, prolonged shedding period with high viral loads was observed in older ducks even without showing clinical signs, suggesting the potential role of the older ducks as the carriers of Thai DTMUV. This finding highlights the importance of monitoring DTMUV and preventing the transmission of DTMUV in adult ducks. Overall, this study provides insights into the pathogenesis and infection dynamics of a cluster 2.1 Thai DTMUV in ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patchareeporn Ninvilai
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Benchaphorn Limcharoen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Wikanda Tunterak
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals (CUEIDAs), Center of Excellence, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Duangduean Prakairungnamthip
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals (CUEIDAs), Center of Excellence, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Kanisak Oraveerakul
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Wijit Banlunara
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Aunyaratana Thontiravong
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals (CUEIDAs), Center of Excellence, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Animal Vector-Borne Disease Research Unit, Veterinary Parasitology Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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