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Liu F, Cao X, Zhou L. Lipid metabolism analysis providing insights into nonylphenol multi-toxicity mechanism. iScience 2023; 26:108417. [PMID: 38053636 PMCID: PMC10694653 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonylphenol (NP), a widely recognized endocrine disruptor, exhibits lipophobic properties that drive its accumulation in adipose tissue, leading to various physiological disruptions. Using Caenorhabditis elegans, this study investigated the effects of NP exposure on lipid homeostasis and physiological indicators. NP exposure increased lipid storage, hindered reproduction and growth, and altered phospholipid composition. Transcriptional analysis revealed NP's promotion of lipogenesis and inhibition of lipolysis. Metabolites related to lipid metabolism like citrate, amino acids, and neurotransmitters, along with lipids, collectively influenced physiological processes. This work elucidates the complex link between lipid metabolism disturbances and NP-induced physiological disruptions, enhancing our understanding of NP's multifaceted toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuwen Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Xue Cao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Shanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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2
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Farouk A, Hamed RA, Elsawy S, Abd El Hafez NF, Moftah FM, Nassar MAY, Gabra FA, Saleem TH. Measuring the Systemic Inflammatory Response to On- and Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Surgeries Using the Tryptophan/Kynurenine Pathway. J INVEST SURG 2022; 35:1621-1625. [PMID: 35694760 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2022.2084188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cardiac surgeries induce many inflammatory responses with remarkable clinical implications. Tryptophan (Trp) is a precursor for serotonin, melatonin and kynurenine (Kyn). Plasma kynurenic acid (Kyna) and Kyn concentrations are thought to be related to the severity of inflammation. Plasma Trp/Kyn ratio is used to measure inflammatory cytokine activity.Methods: We performed the current longitudinal study in a tertiary care center and included 62 patients divided into two groups; group A (on-pump CABG patients) and group B (off-pump CABG patients). Plasma Trp and Kyn were measured using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. Serum interlukin-6 (IL-6) and white blood cells (WBCs) were measured using ELISA and routine blood count, respectively.Results: The present study revealed that the intraoperative levels of plasma Kyn, IL-6 and WBCs were significantly increased while the plasma Trp/Kyn ratio was significantly decreased in both the groups; however, the changes were more significant in the on-pump CABG group. Moreover, the levels in both the groups returned to preoperative levels 72 h postoperative. Our study has shown that WBCs is positively correlated with IL-6, but has negative correlation with Trp/Kyn ratio.Conclusions: Kyn and Trp/Kyn ratio might be utilized as markers of the severity of inflammation in major surgery. In addition, off-pump CABG might be more preferable than on-pump CABG regarding stress and release of inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Farouk
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Faculty of medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Rasha A Hamed
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Faculty of medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Saeid Elsawy
- Anesthesia and Pain management, Faculty of medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
| | | | - Farag M Moftah
- Community Medicine and Medical Statistics, Faculty of medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
| | | | - Fify Alfy Gabra
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.,Metabolic and Genetic Disorders Unit, Faculty of medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Tahia H Saleem
- Biochemistry, Faculty of medicine, Assiut University, Egypt.,Metabolic and Genetic Disorders Unit, Faculty of medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
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3
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Rasmi Y, Heidari N, Kübra Kırboğa K, Hatamkhani S, Tekin B, Alipour S, Naderi R, Farnamian Y, Akca I. The importance of neopterin in COVID-19: The prognostic value and relation with the disease severity. Clin Biochem 2022; 104:1-12. [PMID: 35307400 PMCID: PMC8929545 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 [COVID-19], caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2], has rapidly evolved into a global health emergency. Neopterin [NPT], produced by macrophages when stimulated with interferon [IFN-]gamma, is an essential cytokine in the antiviral immune response. NPT has been used as a marker for the early assessment of disease severity in different diseases. The leading cause of NPT production is the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-. Macrophage activation has also been revealed to be linked with disease severity in SARS-CoV-2 patients. We demonstrate the importance of NPT in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and suggest that targeting NPT in SARS-CoV-2 infection may be critical in the early prediction of disease progression and provision of timely management of infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Rasmi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Nadia Heidari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Shima Hatamkhani
- Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Burcu Tekin
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Biotechnology Department, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Shahryar Alipour
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Cell, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Roya Naderi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Yeghaneh Farnamian
- Student Research Center, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ilknur Akca
- Mersin University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Mersin, Turkey
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4
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Hailemichael W, Kiros M, Akelew Y, Getu S, Andualem H. Neopterin: A Promising Candidate Biomarker for Severe COVID-19. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:245-251. [PMID: 33564258 PMCID: PMC7866915 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s290264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has rapidly spread across the world since its first emergence in China in late 2019. It is a major public health concern with no effective treatct 3ments. The immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 is associated with an excessive inflammatory response. Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is also associated with the severity of the disease in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. Neopterin is a macrophage activation marker produced by monocytes and macrophages upon activation by interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Neopterin is a well-established marker in a variety of diseases, and recent evidence indicates that it could be helpful in early prediction of the severity of COVID-19 disease and serve as a prognostic marker. Here, we outline the role of macrophage activation syndrome in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and suggest that neopterin could be used as a biomarker for progression of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasihun Hailemichael
- Immunology and Molecular Biology, Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Kiros
- Medical Microbiology, Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Yibeltal Akelew
- Immunology and Molecular Biology, Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Sisay Getu
- Hematology and Immuno-Hematology, Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Henok Andualem
- Immunology and Molecular Biology, Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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5
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Xun J, Qi T, Zou L, Tang Q, Shen Y, Yang J, Xie L, Ji Y, Zhang R, Liu L, Wang J, Steinhart C, Wang Z, Tang Y, Song W, Sun J, Cheng J, Le X, Wu H, He X, Chen R, Chen J, Lu H. Mycobacterium tuberculosis co-infection is associated with increased surrogate marker of the HIV reservoir. AIDS Res Ther 2020; 17:63. [PMID: 33076959 PMCID: PMC7574250 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-020-00320-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (Tb) is the most frequent opportunistic infection among people living with HIV infection. The impact of Tb co-infection in the establishment and maintenance of the HIV reservoir is unclear. METHOD We enrolled 13 HIV-infected patients with microbiologically confirmed Tb and 10 matched mono-HIV infected controls. Total HIV DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), plasma interleukin-7 (IL-7) concentrations and the activities of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) were measured for all the participants prior to therapy and after antiretroviral therapy (ART). RESULTS After a duration of 16 (12, 22) months' ART, patients co-infected with Tb who were cured of Tb maintained higher levels of HIV DNA compared with mono-HIV infected patients [2.89 (2.65- 3.05) log10 copies/106 cells vs. 2.30 (2.11-2.84) log10 copies/106 cells, P = 0.008]. The levels of on-ART HIV DNA were positively correlated with the baseline viral load (r = 0.64, P = 0.02) in Tb co-infected group. However, neither plasma IL-7 concentration nor plasma IDO activity was correlated with the level of on-ART HIV DNA. CONCLUSIONS Tb co-infection was associated with the increased surrogate marker of the HIV reservoir, while its mechanism warrants further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingna Xun
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tangkai Qi
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Lei Zou
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Shanghai, 201508, China
- Department of Infectious Disease, Yancheng Second People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Tang
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinzhong Shen
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Junyang Yang
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Luman Xie
- Infectious Disease Clinic, Longtan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi, China
| | - Yongjia Ji
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Renfang Zhang
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Jiangrong Wang
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Corky Steinhart
- CAN Community Health, Florida, USA
- The University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Florida, USA
| | - Zhenyan Wang
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Yang Tang
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Jianjun Sun
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Juan Cheng
- Department of Infectious Disease, Yancheng Second People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoqin Le
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Huanmei Wu
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Xiaoqing He
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Shanghai, 201508, China.
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Shanghai, 201508, China.
- Department of Infectious Disease, HuaShan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Untargeted Metabolomic Profiling Using UHPLC-QTOF/MS Reveals Metabolic Alterations Associated with Autism. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6105608. [PMID: 32964039 PMCID: PMC7502129 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6105608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a clinical spectrum of neurodevelopment disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and social interaction along with repetitive/stereotyped behaviors. The current diagnosis for autism relies entirely on clinical evaluation and has many limitations. In this study, we aim to elucidate the potential mechanism behind autism and establish a series of potential biomarkers for diagnosis. Here, we established an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry- (UHPLC-QTOF/MS-) based metabonomic approach to discriminate the metabolic modifications between the cohort of autism patients and the healthy subjects. UHPLC-QTOF/MS analysis revealed that 24 of the identified potential biomarkers were primarily involved in amino acid or lipid metabolism and the tryptophan kynurenine pathway. The combination of nicotinamide, anthranilic acid, D-neopterin, and 7,8-dihydroneopterin allows for discrimination between ASD patients and controls, which were validated in an independent autism case-control cohort. The results indicated that UHPLC-QTOF/MS-based metabolomics is capable of rapidly profiling autism metabolites and is a promising technique for the discovery of potential biomarkers related to autism.
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7
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Dąbrowski R, Wdowiak A, Szczubiał M, Krakowski L, Brodzki P, Bochniarz M, Tvarijonaviciute A. Changes in interferon-gamma and neopterin in female dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy as elective spay or as treatment of pyometra. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE 2020; 84:230-234. [PMID: 32801459 PMCID: PMC7301675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine serum concentrations of interferon-gamma (INF-γ) and neopterin (Np) in dogs with pyometra admitted for surgical treatment and to compare these concentrations to healthy dogs admitted for elective spay. The effects of the surgical procedure were also evaluated by measuring these markers in both groups of dogs before and after ovariohysterectomy. Our study indicates that pre-surgery concentrations of INF-γ (57.4 ± 26.0 pg/mL) and Np (5.6 ± 0.8 nmol/L) in healthy dogs were significantly lower compared to dogs with pyometra (124.3 ± 87.6 pg/mL for INF-γ; 7.0 ± 1.5 nmol/L for Np) (P < 0.05 in both cases). Furthermore, Np was lower in dogs with pyometra 3 days after surgery compared to healthy controls (P < 0.001). During the post-operative period, INF-γ showed no statistically significant changes in any of the groups, while Np showed lower serum concentration on day 3 than on day 0 in the pyometra group (P < 0.001). No statistically significant correlation was detected between serum concentrations of INF-γ and Np. These results indicate that pyometra causes alterations in serum concentrations of INF-γ and Np in female dogs compared to physiological levels before surgery and during the postoperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Dąbrowski
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Gleboka 30 Street, 20-612 Lublin, Poland (Dąbrowski, Wdowiak, Szczubiał, Krakowski, Brodzki, Bochniarz); Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Iterlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain (Tvarijonaviciute)
| | - Anna Wdowiak
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Gleboka 30 Street, 20-612 Lublin, Poland (Dąbrowski, Wdowiak, Szczubiał, Krakowski, Brodzki, Bochniarz); Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Iterlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain (Tvarijonaviciute)
| | - Marek Szczubiał
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Gleboka 30 Street, 20-612 Lublin, Poland (Dąbrowski, Wdowiak, Szczubiał, Krakowski, Brodzki, Bochniarz); Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Iterlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain (Tvarijonaviciute)
| | - Leszek Krakowski
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Gleboka 30 Street, 20-612 Lublin, Poland (Dąbrowski, Wdowiak, Szczubiał, Krakowski, Brodzki, Bochniarz); Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Iterlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain (Tvarijonaviciute)
| | - Piotr Brodzki
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Gleboka 30 Street, 20-612 Lublin, Poland (Dąbrowski, Wdowiak, Szczubiał, Krakowski, Brodzki, Bochniarz); Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Iterlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain (Tvarijonaviciute)
| | - Mariola Bochniarz
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Gleboka 30 Street, 20-612 Lublin, Poland (Dąbrowski, Wdowiak, Szczubiał, Krakowski, Brodzki, Bochniarz); Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Iterlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain (Tvarijonaviciute)
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Gleboka 30 Street, 20-612 Lublin, Poland (Dąbrowski, Wdowiak, Szczubiał, Krakowski, Brodzki, Bochniarz); Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Iterlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain (Tvarijonaviciute)
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Pterins as Diagnostic Markers of Mechanical and Impact-Induced Trauma: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091383. [PMID: 31484468 PMCID: PMC6780259 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a systematic review of the literature to evaluate pterins as biomarkers of mechanical and impact-induced trauma. MEDLINE and Scopus were searched in March 2019. We included in vivo human studies that measured a pterin in response to mechanical or impact-induced trauma with no underlying prior disease or complication. We included 40 studies with a total of 3829 subjects. Seventy-seven percent of studies measured a significant increase in a pterin, primarily neopterin or total neopterin (neopterin + 7,8-dihydroneopterin). Fifty-one percent of studies measured an increase within 24 h of trauma, while 46% measured increases beyond 48 h. Pterins also showed promise as predictors of post-trauma complications such as sepsis, multi-organ failure and mortality. Exercise-induced trauma and traumatic brain injury caused an immediate increase in neopterin or total neopterin, while patients of multiple trauma had elevated pterin levels that remained above baseline for several days. Pterin concentration changes in response to surgery were variable with patients undergoing cardiac surgery having immediate and sustained pterin increases, while gastrectomy, liver resection or hysterectomy showed no change. This review provides systematic evidence that pterins, in particular neopterin and total neopterin, increase in response to multiple forms of mechanical or impact-induced trauma.
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9
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Cytokine secretion responsiveness of lymphomonocytes following cortisol cell exposure: Sex differences. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200924. [PMID: 30048487 PMCID: PMC6062061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The stress hormone cortisol has been recognized as a coordinator of immune response. However, its different ability to modulate the release of inflammatory mediators in males and females has not been clarified yet. Indeed, the dissection of cortisol specific actions may be difficult due to the complex hormonal and physio-pathological individual status. Herein, the release of inflammatory mediators following increasing cortisol concentrations was investigated in an in vitro model of primary human male and female lymphomonocytes. The use of a defined cellular model to assess sex differences in inflammatory cytokine secretion could be useful to exclude the effects of divergent and fluctuating sex hormone levels occurring in vivo. Herein, the cells were challenged with cortisol concentrations resembling the plasma levels achieving in physiological and stressful conditions. The production of cytokines and other molecules involved in inflammatory process was determined. In basal conditions, male cells presented higher levels of some pro-inflammatory molecules (NF-kB and IDO-1 mRNAs, IL-6 and kynurenine) than female cells. Following cortisol exposure, the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IL-8, were increased in male cells. Conversely, in female cells IL-6 release was unchanged and IL-8 levels were decreased. Anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-4 and IL-10, did not change in male cells and increased in female cells. Interestingly, kynurenine levels were higher in female cells than in male cells following cortisol stimulus. These results highlighted that cortisol differently affects male and female lymphomonocytes, shifting the cytokine release in favour of a pro-inflammatory pattern in male cells and an anti-inflammatory secretion profile in female cells, opening the way to study the influences of other stressful factors involved in the neurohumoral changes occurring in the response to stress conditions.
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Bigenzahn S, Juergens B, Mahr B, Pratschke J, Koenigsrainer A, Becker T, Fuchs D, Brandacher G, Kainz A, Muehlbacher F, Wekerle T. No augmentation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity through belatacept treatment in liver transplant recipients. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 192:233-241. [PMID: 29271486 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Belatacept is a second-generation cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen (CTLA)-4 immunoglobulin (Ig) fusion protein approved for immunosuppression in renal transplant recipients. It was designed intentionally to interrupt co-stimulation via CD28 by binding to its ligands B7·1 and B7·2. Experimental evidence suggests a potential additional mechanism for CTLA-4 Ig compounds through binding to B7 molecules expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and up-regulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an immunomodulating enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of tryptophan to kynurenine and that down-regulates T cell immunity. So far it remains unknown whether belatacept up-regulates IDO in transplant recipients. We therefore investigated whether belatacept therapy enhances IDO activity in liver transplant recipients enrolled in a multi-centre, investigator-initiated substudy of the Phase II trial of belatacept in liver transplantation (IM103-045). Tryptophan and kynurenine serum levels were measured during the first 6 weeks post-transplant in liver transplant patients randomized to receive either belatacept or tacrolimus-based immunosuppression. There was no significant difference in IDO activity, as indicated by the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio, between belatacept and tacrolimus-treated patients in per-protocol and in intent-to-treat analyses. Moreover, no evidence was found that belatacept affects IDO in human dendritic cells (DC) in vitro. These data provide evidence that belatacept is not associated with detectable IDO induction in the clinical transplant setting compared to tacrolimus-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bigenzahn
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - B Juergens
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, Children's Cancer Research Institute, St Anna Children's Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - B Mahr
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - J Pratschke
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Koenigsrainer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - T Becker
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - D Fuchs
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocentre, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G Brandacher
- Department of General and Transplant Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Kainz
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - F Muehlbacher
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - T Wekerle
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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