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Drabeck DH, Wiese J, Gilbertson E, Arroyave J, Stiassny MLJ, Alter SE, Borowsky R, Hendrickson DA, Arcila D, McGaugh SE. Gene loss and relaxed selection of plaat1 in vertebrates adapted to low-light environments. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20232847. [PMID: 38864338 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene loss is an important mechanism for evolution in low-light or cave environments where visual adaptations often involve a reduction or loss of eyesight. The plaat gene family encodes phospholipases essential for the degradation of organelles in the lens of the eye. These phospholipases translocate to damaged organelle membranes, inducing them to rupture. This rupture is required for lens transparency and is essential for developing a functioning eye. Plaat3 is thought to be responsible for this role in mammals, while plaat1 is thought to be responsible in other vertebrates. We used a macroevolutionary approach and comparative genomics to examine the origin, loss, synteny and selection of plaat1 across bony fishes and tetrapods. We showed that plaat1 (probably ancestral to all bony fish + tetrapods) has been lost in squamates and is significantly degraded in lineages of low-visual-acuity and blind mammals and fishes. Our findings suggest that plaat1 is important for visual acuity across bony vertebrates, and that its loss through relaxed selection and pseudogenization may have played a role in the repeated evolution of visual systems in low-light environments. Our study sheds light on the importance of gene-loss in trait evolution and provides insights into the mechanisms underlying visual acuity in low-light environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle H Drabeck
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 1475 Gortner Ave, St, Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Jonathan Wiese
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 1475 Gortner Ave, St, Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Erin Gilbertson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of San Francisco, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jairo Arroyave
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Melanie L J Stiassny
- Department of Ichthyology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - S Elizabeth Alter
- Biology and Chemistry Department, California State University Monterey Bay, Chapman Academic Science Center, Seaside, CA, USA
| | - Richard Borowsky
- Department of Biology, New York University, Washington Square, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Dean A Hendrickson
- Biodiversity Center, Texas Natural History Collections, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78758, USA
| | - Dahiana Arcila
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Suzanne E McGaugh
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 1475 Gortner Ave, St, Paul, MN 55108, USA
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2
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Barbosa AD, Siniossoglou S. Membranes that make fat: roles of membrane lipids as acyl donors for triglyceride synthesis and organelle function. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:1226-1234. [PMID: 38140812 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Triglycerides constitute an inert storage form for fatty acids deposited in lipid droplets and are mobilized to provide metabolic energy or membrane building blocks. The biosynthesis of triglycerides is highly conserved within eukaryotes and normally involves the sequential esterification of activated fatty acids with a glycerol backbone. Some eukaryotes, however, can also use cellular membrane lipids as direct fatty acid donors for triglyceride synthesis. The biological significance of a pathway that generates triglycerides at the expense of organelle membranes has remained elusive. Here we review current knowledge on how cells use membrane lipids as fatty acid donors for triglyceride synthesis and discuss the hypothesis that a primary function of this pathway is to regulate membrane lipid remodeling and organelle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio D Barbosa
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK
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3
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Agarwal AK, Garg A. Phospholipid biosynthetic pathways and lipodystrophies: a novel syndrome due to PLAAT3 deficiency. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:128-129. [PMID: 38191657 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00950-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Agarwal
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Abhimanyu Garg
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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4
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Wang R, Huang Y, He J, Jin S, Li X, Tan K, Xia W. The endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes and molecular typing predicts prognosis and reveals characterization of tumor immune microenvironment in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:37. [PMID: 38363409 PMCID: PMC10873263 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-00887-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) acts critical roles on cell growth, proliferation, and metastasis in various cancers. However, the relationship between ERs and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) prognoses still remains unclear. METHODS The consensus clustering analysis of ERS-related genes and the differential expression analysis between clusters were investigated in LUSC based on TCGA database. Furthermore, ERS-related prognostic risk models were constructed by LASSO regression and Cox regression analyses. Then, the predictive effect of the risk model was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier, Cox regression, and ROC Curve analyses, as well as validated in the GEO cohort. According to the optimal threshold, patients with LUSC were divided into high- and low- risk groups, and somatic mutations, immune cell infiltration, chemotherapy response and immunotherapy effect were systematically analyzed. RESULTS Two ERS-related clusters were identified in patients with LUSC that had distinct patterns of immune cell infiltration. A 5-genes ERS-related prognostic risk model and nomogram were constructed and validated. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analysis showed that ERS risk score was an independent prognostic factor (p < 0.001, HR = 1.317, 95% CI = 1.159-1.496). Patients with low-risk scores presented significantly lower TIDE scores and significantly lower IC50 values for common chemotherapy drugs such as cisplatin and gemcitabine. CONCLUSION ERS-related risk signature has certain prognostic value and may be a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker for LUSC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, 671000, Yunnan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of People's Liberation Army, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanhua Huang
- Department of Procurement Management, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of People's Liberation Army, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Juan He
- Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of People's Liberation Army, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Shan Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, 671000, Yunnan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of People's Liberation Army, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, 671000, Yunnan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of People's Liberation Army, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Kun Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of People's Liberation Army, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of People's Liberation Army, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.
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Reamon-Buettner SM, Rittinghausen S, Klauke A, Hiemisch A, Ziemann C. Malignant peritoneal mesotheliomas of rats induced by multiwalled carbon nanotubes and amosite asbestos: transcriptome and epigenetic profiles. Part Fibre Toxicol 2024; 21:3. [PMID: 38297314 PMCID: PMC10829475 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-024-00565-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer that often originates in the pleural and peritoneal mesothelium. Exposure to asbestos is a frequent cause. However, studies in rodents have shown that certain multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) can also induce malignant mesothelioma. The exact mechanisms are still unclear. To gain further insights into molecular pathways leading to carcinogenesis, we analyzed tumors in Wistar rats induced by intraperitoneal application of MWCNTs and amosite asbestos. Using transcriptomic and epigenetic approaches, we compared the tumors by inducer (MWCNTs or amosite asbestos) or by tumor type (sarcomatoid, epithelioid, or biphasic). RESULTS Genome-wide transcriptome datasets, whether grouped by inducer or tumor type, showed a high number of significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) relative to control peritoneal tissues. Bioinformatic evaluations using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) revealed that while the transcriptome datasets shared commonalities, they also showed differences in DEGs, regulated canonical pathways, and affected molecular functions. In all datasets, among highly- scoring predicted canonical pathways were Phagosome Formation, IL8 Signaling, Integrin Signaling, RAC Signaling, and TREM1 Signaling. Top-scoring activated molecular functions included cell movement, invasion of cells, migration of cells, cell transformation, and metastasis. Notably, we found many genes associated with malignant mesothelioma in humans, which showed similar expression changes in the rat tumor transcriptome datasets. Furthermore, RT-qPCR revealed downregulation of Hrasls, Nr4a1, Fgfr4, and Ret or upregulation of Rnd3 and Gadd45b in all or most of the 36 tumors analyzed. Bisulfite sequencing of Hrasls, Nr4a1, Fgfr4, and Ret revealed heterogeneity in DNA methylation of promoter regions. However, higher methylation percentages were observed in some tumors compared to control tissues. Lastly, global 5mC DNA, m6A RNA and 5mC RNA methylation levels were also higher in tumors than in control tissues. CONCLUSIONS Our findings may help better understand how exposure to MWCNTs can lead to carcinogenesis. This information is valuable for risk assessment and in the development of safe-by-design strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Marie Reamon-Buettner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Susanne Rittinghausen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Annika Klauke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Hiemisch
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Ziemann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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Drabeck DH, Wiese J, Gilbertson E, Arroyave J, Arcila D, Alter SE, Borowsky R, Hendrickson D, Stiassny M, McGaugh SE. Gene loss and relaxed selection of plaat1 in vertebrates adapted to low-light environments. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.12.571336. [PMID: 38168154 PMCID: PMC10760033 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.12.571336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Gene loss is an important mechanism for evolution in low-light or cave environments where visual adaptations often involve a reduction or loss of eyesight. The plaat gene family are phospholipases essential for the degradation of organelles in the lens of the eye. They translocate to damaged organelle membranes, inducing them to rupture. This rupture is required for lens transparency and is essential for developing a functioning eye. Plaat3 is thought to be responsible for this role in mammals, while plaat1 is thought to be responsible in other vertebrates. We used a macroevolutionary approach and comparative genomics to examine the origin, loss, synteny, and selection of plaat1 across bony fishes and tetrapods. We show that plaat1 (likely ancestral to all bony fish + tetrapods) has been lost in squamates and is significantly degraded in lineages of low-visual acuity and blind mammals and fish. Our findings suggest that plaat1 is important for visual acuity across bony vertebrates, and that its loss through relaxed selection and pseudogenization may have played a role in the repeated evolution of visual systems in low-light-environments. Our study sheds light on the importance of gene-loss in trait evolution and provides insights into the mechanisms underlying visual acuity in low-light environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle H Drabeck
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 1475 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Jonathan Wiese
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 1475 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Erin Gilbertson
- University of San Francisco, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jairo Arroyave
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Dahiana Arcila
- Marine Vertebrate Collection, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - S Elizabeth Alter
- California State University Monterey Bay, Biology and Chemistry Department, Chapman Academic Science Center, Seaside, CA
| | - Richard Borowsky
- Department of Biology, New York University, Washington Square, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Dean Hendrickson
- Biodiversity Center, Texas Natural History Collections, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78758, United States
| | - Melanie Stiassny
- Department of Ichthyology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - Suzanne E McGaugh
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 1475 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108
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Zeng Y, Cao S, Li N, Tang J, Lin G. Identification of key lipid metabolism-related genes in Alzheimer's disease. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:155. [PMID: 37736681 PMCID: PMC10515010 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01918-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents profound degenerative conditions of the brain that cause significant deterioration in memory and cognitive function. Despite extensive research on the significant contribution of lipid metabolism to AD progression, the precise mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Hence, this study aimed to identify key differentially expressed lipid metabolism-related genes (DELMRGs) in AD progression. METHODS Comprehensive analyses were performed to determine key DELMRGs in AD compared to controls in GSE122063 dataset from Gene Expression Omnibus. Additionally, the ssGSEA algorithm was utilized for estimating immune cell levels. Subsequently, correlations between key DELMRGs and each immune cell were calculated specifically in AD samples. The key DELMRGs expression levels were validated via two external datasets. Furthermore, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was utilized for deriving associated pathways of key DELMRGs. Additionally, miRNA-TF regulatory networks of the key DELMRGs were constructed using the miRDB, NetworkAnalyst 3.0, and Cytoscape software. Finally, based on key DELMRGs, AD samples were further segmented into two subclusters via consensus clustering, and immune cell patterns and pathway differences between the two subclusters were examined. RESULTS Seventy up-regulated and 100 down-regulated DELMRGs were identified. Subsequently, three key DELMRGs (DLD, PLPP2, and PLAAT4) were determined utilizing three algorithms [(i) LASSO, (ii) SVM-RFE, and (iii) random forest]. Specifically, PLPP2 and PLAAT4 were up-regulated, while DLD exhibited downregulation in AD cerebral cortex tissue. This was validated in two separate external datasets (GSE132903 and GSE33000). The AD group exhibited significantly altered immune cell composition compared to controls. In addition, GSEA identified various pathways commonly associated with three key DELMRGs. Moreover, the regulatory network of miRNA-TF for key DELMRGs was established. Finally, significant differences in immune cell levels and several pathways were identified between the two subclusters. CONCLUSION This study identified DLD, PLPP2, and PLAAT4 as key DELMRGs in AD progression, providing novel insights for AD prevention/treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjie Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Si Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Nannan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Guoxin Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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8
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Rahman SMK, Sasaki S, Uyama T, Hussain Z, Sikder MM, Saiga H, Ohmura-Hoshino M, Ohta KI, Miki Y, Hoshino K, Ueno M, Murakami M, Ueda N. PLAAT1 deficiency alleviates high-fat diet-induced hepatic lipid accumulation in mice. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23032. [PMID: 37330992 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201033r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The phospholipase A and acyltransferase (PLAAT) family is composed of three isoforms in mice (PLAAT1, 3, and 5), all of which function as phospholipid-metabolizing enzymes exhibiting phospholipase A1 /A2 and acyltransferase activities. Plaat3-deficient (Plaat3-/- ) mice were previously reported to show lean phenotype and remarkable hepatic fat accumulation under high-fat diet (HFD) feeding, while Plaat1-/- mice have not been analyzed. In the present study, we generated Plaat1-/- mice and investigated the effects of PLAAT1 deficiency on HFD-induced obesity, hepatic lipid accumulation, and insulin resistance. After HFD treatment, PLAAT1 deficiency caused a lower body weight gain compared to wild-type mice. Plaat1-/- mice also showed reduced liver weight with negligible hepatic lipid accumulation. In accordance with these findings, PLAAT1 deficiency improved HFD-induced hepatic dysfunction and lipid metabolism disorders. Lipidomics analysis in the liver revealed that in Plaat1-/- mice, the levels of various glycerophospholipids tended to increase, while all classes of lysophospholipids examined tended to decrease, suggesting that PLAAT1 functions as phospholipase A1 /A2 in the liver. Interestingly, the HFD treatment of wild-type mice significantly increased the mRNA level of PLAAT1 in the liver. Furthermore, the deficiency did not appear to elevate the risk of insulin resistance in contrast to PLAAT3 deficiency. These results suggested that the suppression of PLAAT1 improves HFD-induced overweight and concomitant hepatic lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Khaledur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Sumire Sasaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Toru Uyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Zahir Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan
- Department of Pathology, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Hiroyuki Saiga
- Department of Immunology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Mari Ohmura-Hoshino
- Department of Immunology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Nursing and Medical Care, Yokkaichi Nursing and Medical Care University, Mie, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Ohta
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Miki
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Hoshino
- Department of Immunology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Masaki Ueno
- Department of Inflammation Pathology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Murakami
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuo Ueda
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan
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9
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Ozhelvaci F, Steczkiewicz K. Identification and Classification of Papain-like Cysteine Proteinases. J Biol Chem 2023:104801. [PMID: 37164157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Papain-like cysteine peptidases form a big and highly diverse superfamily of proteins involved in many important biological functions, such as protein turnover, deubiquitination, tissue remodeling, blood clotting, virulence, defense, and cell wall remodeling. High sequence and structure diversity observed within these proteins hinders their comprehensive classification as well as the identification of new representatives. Moreover, in general protein databases, many families already classified as papain-like lack details regarding their mechanism of action or biological function. Here, we use transitive remote homology searches and 3D modeling to newly classify 21 families to the papain-like cysteine peptidase superfamily. We attempt to predict their biological function, and provide structural chacterization of 89 protein clusters defined based on sequence similarity altogether spanning 106 papain-like families. Moreover, we systematically discuss observed diversity in sequences, structures, and catalytic sites. Eventually, we expand the list of human papain-related proteins by seven representatives, including dopamine receptor-interacting protein (DRIP1) as potential deubiquitinase, and centriole duplication regulating CEP76 as retaining catalytically active peptidase-like domain. The presented results not only provide structure-based rationales to already existing peptidase databases but also may inspire further experimental research focused on peptidase-related biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Ozhelvaci
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Steczkiewicz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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10
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Zhao JY, Yuan XK, Luo RZ, Wang LX, Gu W, Yamane D, Feng H. Phospholipase A and acyltransferase 4/retinoic acid receptor responder 3 at the intersection of tumor suppression and pathogen restriction. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1107239. [PMID: 37063830 PMCID: PMC10102619 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1107239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase A and acyltransferase (PLAAT) 4 is a class II tumor suppressor with phospholipid metabolizing abilities. It was characterized in late 2000s, and has since been referred to as ‘tazarotene-induced gene 3’ (TIG3) or ‘retinoic acid receptor responder 3’ (RARRES3) as a key downstream effector of retinoic acid signaling. Two decades of research have revealed the complexity of its function and regulatory roles in suppressing tumorigenesis. However, more recent findings have also identified PLAAT4 as a key anti-microbial effector enzyme acting downstream of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) and interferons (IFNs), favoring protection from virus and parasite infections. Unveiling the molecular mechanisms underlying its action may thus open new therapeutic avenues for the treatment of both cancer and infectious diseases. Herein, we aim to summarize a brief history of PLAAT4 discovery, its transcriptional regulation, and the potential mechanisms in tumor prevention and anti-pathogen defense, and discuss potential future directions of PLAAT4 research toward the development of therapeutic approaches targeting this enzyme with pleiotropic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yong Zhao
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Xiang-Kun Yuan
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Rui-Zhen Luo
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Li-Xin Wang
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Wei Gu
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Daisuke Yamane
- Department of Diseases and Infection, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hui Feng, ; Daisuke Yamane,
| | - Hui Feng
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Feng, ; Daisuke Yamane,
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11
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The phospholipase A 2 superfamily as a central hub of bioactive lipids and beyond. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 244:108382. [PMID: 36918102 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
In essence, "phospholipase A2" (PLA2) means a group of enzymes that release fatty acids and lysophospholipids by hydrolyzing the sn-2 position of glycerophospholipids. To date, more than 50 enzymes possessing PLA2 or related lipid-metabolizing activities have been identified in mammals, and these are subdivided into several families in terms of their structures, catalytic mechanisms, tissue/cellular localizations, and evolutionary relationships. From a general viewpoint, the PLA2 superfamily has mainly been implicated in signal transduction, driving the production of a wide variety of bioactive lipid mediators. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that PLA2s also contribute to phospholipid remodeling or recycling for membrane homeostasis, fatty acid β-oxidation for energy production, and barrier lipid formation on the body surface. Accordingly, PLA2 enzymes are considered one of the key regulators of a broad range of lipid metabolism, and perturbation of specific PLA2-driven lipid pathways often disrupts tissue and cellular homeostasis and may be associated with a variety of diseases. This review covers current understanding of the physiological functions of the PLA2 superfamily, focusing particularly on the two major intracellular PLA2 families (Ca2+-dependent cytosolic PLA2s and Ca2+-independent patatin-like PLA2s) as well as other PLA2 families, based on studies using gene-manipulated mice and human diseases in combination with comprehensive lipidomics.
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12
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Liton PB, Boesze-Battaglia K, Boulton ME, Boya P, Ferguson TA, Ganley IG, Kauppinnen A, Laurie GW, Mizushima N, Morishita H, Russo R, Sadda J, Shyam R, Sinha D, Thompson DA, Zacks DN. AUTOPHAGY IN THE EYE: FROM PHYSIOLOGY TO PATHOPHYSOLOGY. AUTOPHAGY REPORTS 2023; 2:2178996. [PMID: 37034386 PMCID: PMC10078619 DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2023.2178996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic self-degradative pathway that promotes the degradation and recycling of intracellular material through the lysosomal compartment. Although first believed to function in conditions of nutritional stress, autophagy is emerging as a critical cellular pathway, involved in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Autophagy dysregulation is associated with an increasing number of diseases, including ocular diseases. On one hand, mutations in autophagy-related genes have been linked to cataracts, glaucoma, and corneal dystrophy; on the other hand, alterations in autophagy and lysosomal pathways are a common finding in essentially all diseases of the eye. Moreover, LC3-associated phagocytosis, a form of non-canonical autophagy, is critical in promoting visual cycle function. This review collects the latest understanding of autophagy in the context of the eye. We will review and discuss the respective roles of autophagy in the physiology and/or pathophysiology of each of the ocular tissues, its diurnal/circadian variation, as well as its involvement in diseases of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma B. Liton
- Departments of Ophthalmology & Pathology, Duke School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Kathleen Boesze-Battaglia
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael E. Boulton
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Patricia Boya
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Science. Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Thomas A. Ferguson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ian G. Ganley
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Anu Kauppinnen
- Faculty of Health and Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Gordon W. Laurie
- Departments of Cell Biology, Ophthalmology and Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Noboru Mizushima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hideaki Morishita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Rossella Russo
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Glaucoma Unit, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Jaya Sadda
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Debasish Sinha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cell Biology, and Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Debra A. Thompson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David N. Zacks
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Effects of Lipid Metabolism-Related Genes PTGIS and HRASLS on Phenotype, Prognosis, and Tumor Immunity in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:6811625. [PMID: 36703911 PMCID: PMC9873467 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6811625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Lipid metabolism reprogramming played an important role in cancer occurrence, development, and immune regulation. The aim of this study was to identify and validate lipid metabolism-related genes (LMRGs) associated with the phenotype, prognosis, and immunological characteristics of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Methods In the TCGA cohort, bioinformatics and survival analysis were used to identify lipid metabolism-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the prognosis of LUSC. PTGIS/HRASLS knockdown and overexpression effects on the LUSC phenotype were analyzed in vitro experiments. Based on the expression distribution of PTGIS/HRASLS, LUSC patients were divided into two clusters by consensus clustering. Clinical information, prognosis, immune infiltration, expression of immune checkpoints, and tumor mutation burden (TMB) level were compared between the TCGA and GSE4573 cohorts. The genes related to clustering and tumor immunity were screened by weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), and the target module genes were analyzed by functional enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, and immune correlation analysis. Results 191 lipid metabolism-related DEGs were identified, of which 5 genes were independent prognostic genes of LUSC. PTGIS/HRASLS were most closely related to LUSC prognosis and immunity. RT-qPCR, western blot (WB) analysis, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed that the expression of PTGIS was low in LUSC, while HRASLS was high. Functionally, PTGIS promoted LUSC proliferation, migration, and invasion, while HRASLS inhibited LUSC proliferation, migration, and invasion. The two clusters' expression and distribution of PTGIS/HRASLS had the opposite trend. Cluster 1 was associated with lower pathological staging (pT, pN, and pTNM stages), better prognosis, stronger immune infiltration, higher expression of immune checkpoints, and higher TMB level than cluster 2. WGCNA found that 28 genes including CD4 and IL10RA were related to the expression of PTGIS/HRASLS and tumor immune infiltration. PTGIS/HRASLS in the GSE4573 cohort had the same effect on LUSC prognosis and tumor immunity as the TCGA cohort. Conclusions PTGIS and HRASLS can be used as new therapeutic targets for LUSC as well as biomarkers for prognosis and tumor immunity, which has positive significance for guiding the immunotherapy of LUSC.
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Sers C, Schäfer R. Silencing effects of mutant RAS signalling on transcriptomes. Adv Biol Regul 2023; 87:100936. [PMID: 36513579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2022.100936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mutated genes of the RAS family encoding small GTP-binding proteins drive numerous cancers, including pancreatic, colon and lung tumors. Besides the numerous effects of mutant RAS gene expression on aberrant proliferation, transformed phenotypes, metabolism, and therapy resistance, the most striking consequences of chronic RAS activation are changes of the genetic program. By performing systematic gene expression studies in cellular models that allow comparisons of pre-neoplastic with RAS-transformed cells, we and others have estimated that 7 percent or more of all transcripts are altered in conjunction with the expression of the oncogene. In this context, the number of up-regulated transcripts approximates that of down-regulated transcripts. While up-regulated transcription factors such as MYC, FOSL1, and HMGA2 have been identified and characterized as RAS-responsive drivers of the altered transcriptome, the suppressed factors have been less well studied as potential regulators of the genetic program and transformed phenotype in the breadth of their occurrence. We therefore have collected information on downregulated RAS-responsive factors and discuss their potential role as tumor suppressors that are likely to antagonize active cancer drivers. To better understand the active mechanisms that entail anti-RAS function and those that lead to loss of tumor suppressor activity, we focus on the tumor suppressor HREV107 (alias PLAAT3 [Phospholipase A and acyltransferase 3], PLA2G16 [Phospholipase A2, group XVI] and HRASLS3 [HRAS-like suppressor 3]). Inactivating HREV107 mutations in tumors are extremely rare, hence epigenetic causes modulated by the RAS pathway are likely to lead to down-regulation and loss of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Sers
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology and systems Biology, Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätstmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Reinhold Schäfer
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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15
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Zhao X, Huang W, Shi Y, Guo J, Xiao H, Ji N, Feng J, Dang H, Zou J. PLAAT1 inhibits type I interferon response via degradation of IRF3 and IRF7 in Zebrafish. Front Immunol 2022; 13:979919. [PMID: 36172355 PMCID: PMC9510373 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.979919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PLAAT1 is a member of the PLAAT protein family and plays important roles in tumor suppression, transglutaminase activation and peroxisomal biogenesis. Recently, PLAAT1 has been shown to promote degradation of p53 protein and cellular organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and lysosome. In this study, we show that PLAAT1 inhibits the production of type I interferon and promotes virus replication in zebrafish. Overexpression of Plaat1 in zebrafish cells suppresses antiviral responses and promotes virus replication. Mechanistically, PLAAT1 interacts with IRF3 and IRF7 to initiate degradation of IRF3 and IRF7, which can be attenuated by 3-methyladenine, an inhibitor of autophagosome. Our study provides novel insights into the functions of PLAAT1 in host immune response to viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenji Huang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hehe Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Ji
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Feng
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huifeng Dang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Zou,
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Li TH, Wang YY, Zhao BB, Qin C, Li ZR, Wang WB. Phospholipase A/acyltransferase 4 is a prognostic biomarker and correlated with immune infiltrates in pancreatic cancer. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10416. [PMID: 36091946 PMCID: PMC9450081 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phospholipase A/acyltransferase (PLAAT) family exhibits O- and N-acyltransferase activity and biosynthesize N-acylated ethanolamine phospholipids. Previously, PLAAT4 was seen as a tumor suppressor, but the exact function of PLAAT4 in pancreatic cancer was still unknown. In this study, we investigated the relationship of PLAAT4 and pancreatic cancer. Methods Using the data from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets we compared the expression of PLAAT4 in normal and tumor tissues and analyzed the connections between PLAAT4 and several clinicopathological factors. Further, we conducted Gene ontology (GO) analysis, Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and estimate analysis to explore the association between PLAAT4 and biological function and immune infiltration. In addition, Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox analysis were used to explore the association between PLAAT4 and prognosis. In addition, we plotted a nomogram according to the multivariate cox analysis visualizing the predictive ability of PLAAT4 on prognosis. In addition, we explore the influence of PLAAT4 on malignant behaviors of the pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. Results After comparing the expression of PLAAT4 in normal and tumor tissues, we found that the expression of PLAAT4 was significantly high in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) samples. In addition, the results of GO and GSEA found that the expression of PLAAT4 was related to cell cycle checkpoints, M phase, regulation by p53, cell cycle mitotic and etc. Further, ssGSEA has shown that PLAAT4 was positively related to the abundance of aDC, Th1 cells, Th2 cells and negatively related to the Th17 cells. Subsequently, KM analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox analysis were used to analyze the correlation between PLAAT4 and prognosis. Additionally, we found that higher expression of PLAAT4 was related to T stage, N stage, histologic grade, etc (P < 0.05) and has a significant correlation with poor Overall Survival (OS), Disease-Specific Survival (DSS) and Progression-Free Interval (PFI). At last, we proved that PLAAT4 contributed to the malignant behaviors of the pancreatic cancer cells. Conclusion This study indicated PLAAT4 as a novel prognostic biomarker and an important molecular that mediated immune response in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bang-Bo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ze-Ru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Corresponding author.
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PLAAT1 Exhibits Phosphatidylcholine:Monolysocardiolipin Transacylase Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126714. [PMID: 35743156 PMCID: PMC9224490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-specific cardiolipin fatty acyl profiles are achieved by remodeling of de novo synthesized cardiolipin, and four remodeling enzymes have thus far been identified. We studied the enzyme phospholipase A and acyltransferase 1 (PLAAT1), and we report the discovery that it has phosphatidylcholine (PC):monolysocardiolipin (MLCL) transacylase activity. Subcellular localization was analyzed by differential centrifugation and immunoblotting. Total levels of major phospholipids, and the fatty acyl profile of cardiolipin, were analyzed in HEK293 cells expressing murine PLAAT1 using gas chromatography. Apparent enzyme kinetics of affinity-purified PLAAT1 were calculated using radiochemical enzyme assays. This enzyme was found to localize predominantly to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) but was detected at low levels in the mitochondria-associated ER matrix. Cells expressing PLAAT1 had higher levels of total cardiolipin, but not other phospholipids, and it was primarily enriched in the saturated fatty acids myristate, palmitate, and stearate, with quantitatively smaller increases in the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids linolenate, eicosatrienoate, and eicosapentanoate and the monounsaturated fatty acid erucate. Affinity-purified PLAAT1 did not catalyze the transacylation of MLCL using 1-palmitoyl-2-[14C]-linoleoyl-PC as an acyl donor. However, PLAAT1 had an apparent Vmax of 1.61 μmol/min/mg protein and Km of 126 μM using [9,10-3H]-distearoyl-PC as an acyl donor, and 0.61 μmol/min/mg protein and Km of 16 μM using [9,10-3H]-dioleoyl-PC. PLAAT1 is therefore a novel PC:MLCL transacylase.
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Zhao X, Huang W, Guo J, Ji N, Feng J, Shi Y, Chen K, Zou J. PLAAT1 promotes p53 degradation via autophagy-lysosome pathway in zebrafish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 125:48-53. [PMID: 35526800 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PLAAT1 belongs to the PLAAT family and plays regulatory roles in cell growth, tumor suppression and phospholipid metabolism. However, whether PLAAT1 is involved in p53 mediated signaling has not been investigated. Here, we report that PLAAT1 promotes degradation of p53 in zebrafish. We found that the plaat1 gene was constitutively expressed in tissues including liver, kidney, spleen, intestine, eye and brain, with relative higher expression levels detected in the brain and eye. Overexpression of plaat1 led to inhibition of p53 and tnfα mRNA expression. Furthermore, it was shown that PLAAT1 interacted with p53 to facilitate p53 degradation via autophagy-lysosome dependent pathway. Our work indicates that PLAAT1 is involved in the interplay between p53 mediated cellular responses and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenji Huang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Ji
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Feng
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kangyong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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Pei Y, Song Y, Wang B, Lin C, Yang Y, Li H, Feng Z. Integrated lipidomics and RNA sequencing analysis reveal novel changes during 3T3-L1 cell adipogenesis. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13417. [PMID: 35529487 PMCID: PMC9074861 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
After adipogenic differentiation, key regulators of adipogenesis are stimulated and cells begin to accumulate lipids. To identify specific changes in lipid composition and gene expression patterns during 3T3-L1 cell adipogenesis, we carried out lipidomics and RNA sequencing analysis of undifferentiated and differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. The analysis revealed significant changes in lipid content and gene expression patterns during adipogenesis. Slc2a4 was up-regulated, which may enhance glucose transport; Gpat3, Agpat2, Lipin1 and Dgat were also up-regulated, potentially to enrich intracellular triacylglycerol (TG). Increased expression levels of Pnpla2, Lipe, Acsl1 and Lpl likely increase intracellular free fatty acids, which can then be used for subsequent synthesis of other lipids, such as sphingomyelin (SM) and ceramide (Cer). Enriched intracellular diacylglycerol (DG) can also provide more raw materials for the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), ether-PE, and ether-PC, whereas high expression of Pla3 may enhance the formation of lysophophatidylcholine (LPC) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE). Therefore, in the process of adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells, a series of genes are activated, resulting in large changes in the contents of various lipid metabolites in the cells, especially TG, DG, SM, Cer, PI, PC, PE, etherPE, etherPC, LPC and LPE. These findings provide a theoretical basis for our understanding the pathophysiology of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangli Pei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yuxin Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Bingyuan Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenghong Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Hua Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Zheng Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
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Gheyas R, Ortega-Alvarez R, Chauss D, Kantorow M, Menko AS. Suppression of PI3K signaling is linked to autophagy activation and the spatiotemporal induction of the lens organelle free zone. Exp Cell Res 2022; 412:113043. [PMID: 35101390 PMCID: PMC8859841 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The terminal steps of lens cell differentiation require elimination of all organelles to create a central Organelle Free Zone (OFZ) that is required for lens function of focusing images on the retina. Previous studies show that the spatiotemporal elimination of these organelles during development is autophagy-dependent. We now show that the inhibition of PI3K signaling in lens organ culture results in the premature induction of autophagy within 24 h, including a significant increase in LAMP1+ lysosomes, and the removal of lens organelles from the center of the lens. Specific inhibition of just the PI3K/Akt signaling axis was directly linked to the elimination of mitochondria and ER, while pan-PI3K inhibitors that block all PI3K downstream signaling removed all organelles, including nuclei. Therefore, blocking the PI3K/Akt pathway was alone insufficient to remove nuclei. RNAseq analysis revealed increased mRNA levels of the endogenous inhibitor of PI3K activation, PIK3IP1, in differentiating lens fiber cells preceding the induction of OFZ formation. Co-immunoprecipitation confirmed that PIK3IP1 associates with multiple PI3K p110 isoforms just prior to formation of the OFZ, providing a likely endogenous mechanism for blocking all PI3K signaling and activating the autophagy pathway required to form the OFZ during lens development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifah Gheyas
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ramon Ortega-Alvarez
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Chauss
- Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Marc Kantorow
- Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - A Sue Menko
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Abstract
The gene RARRES3 uses an unexpected strategy to eliminate the parasite Toxoplasma gondii from human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Sánchez-Arcila
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Merced, Merced, United States
| | - Kirk Dc Jensen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Merced, Merced, United States.,Health Science Research Institute, University of California, Merced, Merced, United States
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Wu W, Li WX, Huang CH. Phospholipase A 2, a nonnegligible enzyme superfamily in gastrointestinal diseases. Biochimie 2021; 194:79-95. [PMID: 34974145 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal tract is important for digestion, absorption, detoxification and immunity. Gastrointestinal diseases are mainly caused by the imbalance of protective and attacking factors in gastrointestinal mucosa, which can seriously harm human health. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a large family closely involved in lipid metabolism and is found in almost all human cells. A growing number of studies have revealed that its metabolites are deeply implicated in various inflammatory pathways and also regulates the maintenance of numerous biological events such as dietary digestion, membrane remodeling, barrier action, and host immunity. In addition to their phospholipase activity, some members of the superfamily also have other catalytic activities. Based on the in-depth effects of phospholipase A2 on bioactive lipid metabolism and inflammatory cytokines, PLA2 and its metabolites are likely to be involved in the pathogenesis, development or prevention of gastrointestinal diseases. Therefore, this review will focus on the physiological and pathogenic roles of several important PLA2 enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract, and reveals the potential of PLA2 as a therapeutic target for gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wen-Xuan Li
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chun-Hong Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, 330006, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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24
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Rinkenberger N, Abrams ME, Matta SK, Schoggins JW, Alto NM, Sibley LD. Overexpression screen of interferon-stimulated genes identifies RARRES3 as a restrictor of Toxoplasma gondii infection. eLife 2021; 10:e73137. [PMID: 34871166 PMCID: PMC8789288 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an important human pathogen infecting an estimated one in three people worldwide. The cytokine interferon gamma (IFNγ) is induced during infection and is critical for restricting T. gondii growth in human cells. Growth restriction is presumed to be due to the induction of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) that are upregulated to protect the host from infection. Although there are hundreds of ISGs induced by IFNγ, their individual roles in restricting parasite growth in human cells remain somewhat elusive. To address this deficiency, we screened a library of 414 IFNγ induced ISGs to identify factors that impact T. gondii infection in human cells. In addition to IRF1, which likely acts through the induction of numerous downstream genes, we identified RARRES3 as a single factor that restricts T. gondii infection by inducing premature egress of the parasite in multiple human cell lines. Overall, while we successfully identified a novel IFNγ induced factor restricting T. gondii infection, the limited number of ISGs capable of restricting T. gondii infection when individually expressed suggests that IFNγ-mediated immunity to T. gondii infection is a complex, multifactorial process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Rinkenberger
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. LouisSt LouisUnited States
| | - Michael E Abrams
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas SouthwesternDallasUnited States
| | - Sumit K Matta
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. LouisSt LouisUnited States
| | - John W Schoggins
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas SouthwesternDallasUnited States
| | - Neal M Alto
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas SouthwesternDallasUnited States
| | - L David Sibley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. LouisSt LouisUnited States
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Li M, Tian X, Li X, Huang M, Huang S, Wu Y, Jiang M, Shi Y, Shi L, Wang Z. Diverse energy metabolism patterns in females in Neodon fuscus, Lasiopodomys brandtii, and Mus musculus revealed by comparative transcriptomics under hypoxic conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 783:147130. [PMID: 34088150 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effects of global warming and anthropogenic disturbance force animals to migrate from lower to higher elevations to find suitable new habitats. As such migrations increase hypoxic stress on the animals, it is important to understand how plateau- and plain-dwelling animals respond to low-oxygen environments. We used comparative transcriptomics to explore the response of Neodon fuscus, Lasiopodomys brandtii, and Mus musculus skeletal muscle tissues to hypoxic conditions. Results indicate that these species have adopted different oxygen transport and energy metabolism strategies for dealing with a hypoxic environment. N. fuscus promotes oxygen transport by increasing hemoglobin synthesis and reduces the risk of thrombosis through cooperative regulation of genes, including Fga, Fgb, Alb, and Ttr; genes such as Acs16, Gpat4, and Ndufb7 are involved in regulating lipid synthesis, fatty acid β-oxidation, hemoglobin synthesis, and electron-linked transmission, thereby maintaining a normal energy supply in hypoxic conditions. In contrast, the oxygen-carrying capacity and angiogenesis of red blood cells in L. brandtii are promoted by genes in the CYP and COL families; this species maintains its bodily energy supply by enhancing the pentose phosphate pathway and mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis pathway. However, under hypoxia, M. musculus cannot effectively transport additional oxygen; thus, its cell cycle, proliferation, and migration are somewhat affected. Given its lack of hypoxic tolerance experience, M. musculus also shows significantly reduced oxidative phosphorylation levels under hypoxic conditions. Our results suggest that the glucose capacity of M. musculus skeletal muscle does not provide sufficient energy during hypoxia; thus, we hypothesize that it supplements its bodily energy by synthesizing ketone bodies. For the first time, we describe the energy metabolism pathways of N. fuscus and L. brandtii skeletal muscle tissues under hypoxic conditions. Our findings, therefore, improve our understanding of how vertebrates thrive in high altitude and plain habitats when faced with hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xiangyu Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Maolin Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Shuang Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yue Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Mengwan Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yuhua Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Luye Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Zhenlong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; School of Physical Education (Main campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China.
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26
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Covill-Cooke C, Kornmann B. A mechanism to PLAse the eye. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1560-1561. [PMID: 34102103 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of the lens in the vertebrate eye requires the degradation of all organelles. In a recent issue of Nature, Morishita et al. (2021) identify a conserved phospholipase that appears to achieve this by simply digesting organelle membranes away.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Covill-Cooke
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
| | - Benoît Kornmann
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
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27
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Organelle degradation in the lens by PLAAT phospholipases. Nature 2021; 592:634-638. [PMID: 33854238 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03439-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The eye lens of vertebrates is composed of fibre cells in which all membrane-bound organelles undergo degradation during terminal differentiation to form an organelle-free zone1. The mechanism that underlies this large-scale organelle degradation remains largely unknown, although it has previously been shown to be independent of macroautophagy2,3. Here we report that phospholipases in the PLAAT (phospholipase A/acyltransferase, also known as HRASLS) family-Plaat1 (also known as Hrasls) in zebrafish and PLAAT3 (also known as HRASLS3, PLA2G16, H-rev107 or AdPLA) in mice4-6-are essential for the degradation of lens organelles such as mitochondria, the endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes. Plaat1 and PLAAT3 translocate from the cytosol to various organelles immediately before organelle degradation, in a process that requires their C-terminal transmembrane domain. The translocation of Plaat1 to organelles depends on the differentiation of fibre cells and damage to organelle membranes, both of which are mediated by Hsf4. After the translocation of Plaat1 or PLAAT3 to membranes, the phospholipase induces extensive organelle rupture that is followed by complete degradation. Organelle degradation by PLAAT-family phospholipases is essential for achieving an optimal transparency and refractive function of the lens. These findings expand our understanding of intracellular organelle degradation and provide insights into the mechanism by which vertebrates acquired transparent lenses.
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The rise and fall of anandamide: processes that control synthesis, degradation, and storage. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:2753-2775. [PMID: 33713246 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Anandamide is an endocannabinoid derived from arachidonic acid-containing membrane lipids and has numerous biological functions. Its effects are primarily mediated by the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, and the vanilloid TRPV1 receptor. Anandamide is known to be involved in sleeping and eating patterns as well as pleasure enhancement and pain relief. This manuscript provides a review of anandamide synthesis, degradation, and storage and hence the homeostasis of the anandamide signaling system.
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Nagarajan SR, Butler LM, Hoy AJ. The diversity and breadth of cancer cell fatty acid metabolism. Cancer Metab 2021; 9:2. [PMID: 33413672 PMCID: PMC7791669 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-020-00237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cellular metabolism exhibits distinguishing features that collectively enhance biomass synthesis while maintaining redox balance and cellular homeostasis. These attributes reflect the complex interactions between cell-intrinsic factors such as genomic-transcriptomic regulation and cell-extrinsic influences, including growth factor and nutrient availability. Alongside glucose and amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism supports tumorigenesis and disease progression through a range of processes including membrane biosynthesis, energy storage and production, and generation of signaling intermediates. Here, we highlight the complexity of cellular fatty acid metabolism in cancer, the various inputs and outputs of the intracellular free fatty acid pool, and the numerous ways that these pathways influence disease behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa R Nagarajan
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Lisa M Butler
- Adelaide Medical School and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew J Hoy
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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30
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Murakami M, Sato H, Taketomi Y. Updating Phospholipase A 2 Biology. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1457. [PMID: 33086624 PMCID: PMC7603386 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The phospholipase A2 (PLA2) superfamily contains more than 50 enzymes in mammals that are subdivided into several distinct families on a structural and biochemical basis. In principle, PLA2 has the capacity to hydrolyze the sn-2 position of glycerophospholipids to release fatty acids and lysophospholipids, yet several enzymes in this superfamily catalyze other reactions rather than or in addition to the PLA2 reaction. PLA2 enzymes play crucial roles in not only the production of lipid mediators, but also membrane remodeling, bioenergetics, and body surface barrier, thereby participating in a number of biological events. Accordingly, disturbance of PLA2-regulated lipid metabolism is often associated with various diseases. This review updates the current state of understanding of the classification, enzymatic properties, and biological functions of various enzymes belonging to the PLA2 superfamily, focusing particularly on the novel roles of PLA2s in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Murakami
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (H.S.); (Y.T.)
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31
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Zhou J, Mock ED, Al Ayed K, Di X, Kantae V, Burggraaff L, Stevens AF, Martella A, Mohr F, Jiang M, van der Wel T, Wendel TJ, Ofman TP, Tran Y, de Koster N, van Westen GJP, Hankemeier T, van der Stelt M. Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of α-Ketoamides as Inhibitors of the Phospholipase A and Acyltransferase Enzyme Family. J Med Chem 2020; 63:9340-9359. [PMID: 32787138 PMCID: PMC7498158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The phospholipase A and acyltransferase
(PLAAT) family of cysteine
hydrolases consists of five members, which are involved in the Ca2+-independent production of N-acylphosphatidylethanolamines
(NAPEs). NAPEs are lipid precursors for bioactive N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) that are involved in various physiological
processes such as food intake, pain, inflammation, stress, and anxiety.
Recently, we identified α-ketoamides as the first pan-active
PLAAT inhibitor scaffold that reduced arachidonic acid levels in PLAAT3-overexpressing
U2OS cells and in HepG2 cells. Here, we report the structure–activity
relationships of the α-ketoamide series using activity-based
protein profiling. This led to the identification of LEI-301, a nanomolar potent inhibitor for the PLAAT family members. LEI-301 reduced the NAE levels, including anandamide, in cells
overexpressing PLAAT2 or PLAAT5. Collectively, LEI-301 may help to dissect the physiological role of the PLAATs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhou
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elliot D Mock
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Karol Al Ayed
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Xinyu Di
- Department of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vasudev Kantae
- Department of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lindsey Burggraaff
- Department of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anna F Stevens
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Martella
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Mohr
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ming Jiang
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Wel
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tiemen J Wendel
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tim P Ofman
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Tran
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nicky de Koster
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard J P van Westen
- Department of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Department of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Lipoprotein N-Acylation in Staphylococcus aureus Is Catalyzed by a Two-Component Acyl Transferase System. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.01619-20. [PMID: 32723923 PMCID: PMC7387801 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01619-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it has long been known that S. aureus forms triacylated Lpps, a lack of homologs to known N-acylation genes found in Gram-negative bacteria has until now precluded identification of the genes responsible for this Lpp modification. Here, we demonstrate N-terminal Lpp acylation and chemotype conversion to the tri-acylated state is directed by a unique acyl transferase system encoded by two noncontiguous staphylococci genes (lnsAB). Since triacylated Lpps stimulate TLR2 more weakly than their diacylated counterparts, Lpp N-acylation is an important TLR2 immunoevasion factor for determining tolerance or nontolerance in niches such as in the skin microbiota. The discovery of the LnsAB system expands the known diversity of Lpp biosynthesis pathways and acyl transfer biochemistry in bacteria, advances our understanding of Lpp structural heterogeneity, and helps differentiate commensal and noncommensal microbiota. Bacterial lipoproteins (Lpps) are a class of membrane-associated proteins universally distributed among all bacteria. A characteristic N-terminal cysteine residue that is variably acylated anchors C-terminal globular domains to the extracellular surface, where they serve numerous roles, including in the capture and transport of essential nutrients. Lpps are also ligands for the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) family, a key component of the innate immune system tasked with bacterial recognition. While Lpp function is conserved in all prokaryotes, structural heterogeneity in the N-terminal acylation state is widespread among Firmicutes and can differ between otherwise closely related species. In this study, we identify a novel two-gene system that directs the synthesis of N-acylated Lpps in the commensal and opportunistic pathogen subset of staphylococci. The two genes, which we have named the lipoprotein N-acylation transferase system (Lns), bear no resemblance to previously characterized N-terminal Lpp tailoring enzymes. LnsA (SAOUHSC_00822) is an NlpC/P60 superfamily enzyme, whereas LnsB (SAOHSC_02761) has remote homology to the CAAX protease and bacteriocin-processing enzyme (CPBP) family. Both LnsA and LnsB are together necessary and alone sufficient for N-acylation in Staphylococcus aureus and convert the Lpp chemotype from diacyl to triacyl when heterologously expressed in Listeria monocytogenes. Acquisition of lnsAB decreases TLR2-mediated detection of S. aureus by nearly 10-fold and shifts the activated TLR2 complex from TLR2/6 to TLR2/1. LnsAB thus has a dual role in attenuating TLR2 signaling in addition to a broader role in bacterial cell envelope physiology.
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Gu Y, Lin X, Kapoor A, Chow MJ, Jiang Y, Zhao K, Tang D. The Oncogenic Potential of the Centromeric Border Protein FAM84B of the 8q24.21 Gene Desert. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11030312. [PMID: 32183428 PMCID: PMC7140883 DOI: 10.3390/genes11030312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
FAM84B is a risk gene in breast and prostate cancers. Its upregulation is associated with poor prognosis of prostate cancer, breast cancer, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. FAM84B facilitates cancer cell proliferation and invasion in vitro, and xenograft growth in vivo. The FAM84B and Myc genes border a 1.2 Mb gene desert at 8q24.21. Co-amplification of both occurs in 20 cancer types. Mice deficient of a 430 Kb fragment within the 1.2 Mb gene desert have downregulated FAM84B and Myc expressions concurrent with reduced breast cancer growth. Intriguingly, Myc works in partnership with other oncogenes, including Ras. FAM84B shares similarities with the H-Ras-like suppressor (HRASLS) family over their typical LRAT (lecithin:retinal acyltransferase) domain. This domain contains a catalytic triad, H23, H35, and C113, which constitutes the phospholipase A1/2 and O-acyltransferase activities of HRASLS1-5. These enzymatic activities underlie their suppression of Ras. FAM84B conserves H23 and H35 but not C113 with both histidine residues residing within a highly conserved motif that FAM84B shares with HRASLS1-5. Deletion of this motif abolishes FAM84B oncogenic activities. These properties suggest a collaboration of FAM84B with Myc, consistent with the role of the gene desert in strengthening Myc functions. Here, we will discuss recent research on FAM84B-derived oncogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gu
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; (Y.G.); (X.L.); (M.J.C.); (Y.J.); (K.Z.)
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Xiaozeng Lin
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; (Y.G.); (X.L.); (M.J.C.); (Y.J.); (K.Z.)
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Anil Kapoor
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; (Y.G.); (X.L.); (M.J.C.); (Y.J.); (K.Z.)
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Mathilda Jing Chow
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; (Y.G.); (X.L.); (M.J.C.); (Y.J.); (K.Z.)
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Yanzhi Jiang
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; (Y.G.); (X.L.); (M.J.C.); (Y.J.); (K.Z.)
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Kuncheng Zhao
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; (Y.G.); (X.L.); (M.J.C.); (Y.J.); (K.Z.)
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Damu Tang
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; (Y.G.); (X.L.); (M.J.C.); (Y.J.); (K.Z.)
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +(905)-522-1155 (ext. 35168)
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Dosoky NS, Chen Z, Guo Y, McMillan C, Flynn CR, Davies SS. Two-week administration of engineered Escherichia coli establishes persistent resistance to diet-induced obesity even without antibiotic pre-treatment. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:6711-6723. [PMID: 31203417 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09958-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adverse alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota have been implicated in the development of obesity and a variety of chronic diseases. Re-engineering the gut microbiota to produce beneficial metabolites is a potential strategy for treating these chronic diseases. N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamines (NAPEs) are a family of bioactive lipids with known anti-obesity properties. Previous studies showed that administration of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) engineered with Arabidopsis thaliana NAPE synthase to produce NAPEs imparted resistance to obesity induced by a high-fat diet that persisted after ending their administration. In prior studies, mice were pre-treated with ampicillin prior to administering engineered EcN for 8 weeks in drinking water. If use of antibiotics and long-term administration are required for beneficial effects, implementation of this strategy in humans might be problematic. Studies were therefore undertaken to determine if less onerous protocols could still impart persistent resistance and sustained NAPE biosynthesis. Administration of engineered EcN for only 2 weeks without pre-treatment with antibiotics sufficed to establish persistent resistance. Sustained NAPE biosynthesis by EcN was required as antibiotic treatment after administration of the engineered EcN markedly attenuated its effects. Finally, heterologous expression of human phospholipase A/acyltransferase-2 (PLAAT2) in EcN provided similar resistance to obesity as heterologous expression of A. thaliana NAPE synthase, confirming that NAPEs are the bioactive mediator of this resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura S Dosoky
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, 556B RRB, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602, USA
| | - Zhongyi Chen
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, 556B RRB, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- Division of Surgery, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Clara McMillan
- Division of Surgery, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - C Robb Flynn
- Division of Surgery, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sean S Davies
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, 556B RRB, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602, USA.
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Jiang Y, Lin X, Kapoor A, He L, Wei F, Gu Y, Mei W, Zhao K, Yang H, Tang D. FAM84B promotes prostate tumorigenesis through a network alteration. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2019; 11:1758835919846372. [PMID: 31205500 PMCID: PMC6535720 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919846372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the contributions of FAM84B in prostate tumorigenesis and progression. Methods: A FAM84B mutant with deletion of its HRASLS domain (ΔHRASLS) was constructed. DU145 prostate cancer (PC) cells stably expressing an empty vector (EV), FAM84B, or FAM84B (ΔHRASLS) were produced. These lines were examined for proliferation, invasion, and growth in soft agar in vitro. DU145 EV and FAM84B cells were investigated for tumor growth and lung metastasis in NOD/SCID mice. The transcriptome of DU145 EV xenografts (n = 2) and DU145 FAM84B tumors (n = 2) was determined using RNA sequencing, and analyzed for pathway alterations. The FAM84B-affected network was evaluated for an association with PC recurrence. Results: FAM84B but not FAM84B (ΔHRASLS) increased DU145 cell invasion and growth in soft agar. Co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization analyses revealed an interaction between FAM84B and FAM84B (ΔHRASLS), suggesting an intramolecular association among FAM84B molecules. FAM84B significantly enhanced DU145 cell-derived xenografts and lung metastasis. In comparison with DU145 EV cell-produced tumors, those generated by DU145 FAM84B cells showed a large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs; n = 4976). A total of 51 pathways were enriched in these DEGs, which function in the Golgi-to-endoplasmic reticulum processes, cell cycle checkpoints, mitochondrial events, and protein translation. A novel 27-gene signature (SigFAM) was derived from these DEGs; SigFAM robustly stratifies PC recurrence in two large PC populations (n = 490, p = 0; n = 140, p = 4e−11), and remains an independent risk factor of PC recurrence after adjusting for age at diagnosis, Gleason scores, surgical margin, and tumor stages. Conclusions: FAM84B promotes prostate tumorigenesis through a complex network that predicts PC recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhi Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON. Canada Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada Hamilton Urologic Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Xiaozeng Lin
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital/Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Anil Kapoor
- Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lizhi He
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fengxiang Wei
- The Genetics Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital/Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Wenjuan Mei
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kuncheng Zhao
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital/Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Huixiang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Damu Tang
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, T3310, St. Joseph's Hospital, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada
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Miyake M, Hori S, Morizawa Y, Tatsumi Y, Toritsuka M, Ohnishi S, Shimada K, Furuya H, Khadka VS, Deng Y, Ohnishi K, Iida K, Gotoh D, Nakai Y, Inoue T, Anai S, Torimoto K, Aoki K, Tanaka N, Konishi N, Fujimoto K. Collagen type IV alpha 1 (COL4A1) and collagen type XIII alpha 1 (COL13A1) produced in cancer cells promote tumor budding at the invasion front in human urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Oncotarget 2018; 8:36099-36114. [PMID: 28415608 PMCID: PMC5482641 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Current knowledge of the molecular mechanism driving tumor budding is limited. Here, we focused on elucidating the detailed mechanism underlying tumor budding in urothelial cancer of the bladder. Invasive urothelial cancer was pathologically classified into three groups as follows: nodular, trabecular, and infiltrative (tumor budding). Pathohistological analysis of the orthotopic tumor model revealed that human urothelial cancer cell lines MGH-U3, UM-UC-14, and UM-UC-3 displayed typical nodular, trabecular, and infiltrative patterns, respectively. Based on the results of comprehensive gene expression analysis using microarray (25 K Human Oligo chip), we identified two collagens, COL4A1 and COL13A1, which may contribute to the formation of the infiltrative pattern. Visualization of protein interaction networks revealed that proteins associated with connective tissue disorders, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, growth hormone, and estrogen were pivotal factors in tumor cells. To evaluate the invasion pattern of tumor cells in vitro, 3-D collective cell invasion assay using Matrigel was performed. Invadopodial formation was evaluated using Gelatin Invadopodia Assay. Knockdown of collagens with siRNA led to dramatic changes in invasion patterns and a decrease in invasion capability through decreased invadopodia. The in vivo orthotopic experimental model of bladder tumors showed that intravesical treatment with siRNA targeting COL4A1 and COL13A1 inhibited the formation of the infiltrative pattern. COL4A1 and COL13A1 production by cancer cells plays a pivotal role in tumor invasion through the induction of tumor budding. Blocking of these collagens may be an attractive therapeutic approach for treatment of human urothelial cancer of the bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makito Miyake
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara-shi, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Shunta Hori
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara-shi, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yosuke Morizawa
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara-shi, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Tatsumi
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara-shi, Nara 634-8522, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara-shi, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Michihiro Toritsuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara-shi, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Sayuri Ohnishi
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara-shi, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Keiji Shimada
- Department of Pathology, Nara City Hospital, Nara-shi, Nara, 630-8305, Japan
| | - Hideki Furuya
- Clinical and Translational Research Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Vedbar S Khadka
- Bioinformatics Core, Department of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Youping Deng
- Bioinformatics Core, Department of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Kenta Ohnishi
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara-shi, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Kota Iida
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara-shi, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Daisuke Gotoh
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara-shi, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yasushi Nakai
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara-shi, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inoue
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara-shi, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Satoshi Anai
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara-shi, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Torimoto
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara-shi, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Katsuya Aoki
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara-shi, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Tanaka
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara-shi, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Noboru Konishi
- Department of Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara-shi, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Kiyohide Fujimoto
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara-shi, Nara 634-8522, Japan
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Dosoky NS, Guo L, Chen Z, Feigley AV, Davies SS. Dietary Fatty Acids Control the Species of N-Acyl-Phosphatidylethanolamines Synthesized by Therapeutically Modified Bacteria in the Intestinal Tract. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:3-13. [PMID: 29019649 PMCID: PMC6555640 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Engineering the gut microbiota to produce specific beneficial metabolites represents an important new potential strategy for treating chronic diseases. Our previous studies with bacteria engineered to produce N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamines (NAPEs), the immediate precursors of the lipid satiety factors N-acyl-ethanolamides (NAEs), found that colonization of these bacteria inhibited development of obesity in C57BL/6J mice fed a high fat diet. Individual NAE species differ in their bioactivities. Intriguingly, colonization by our engineered bacteria resulted in increased hepatic N-stearoyl-ethanolamide (C18:0NAE) levels despite the apparent inability of these bacteria to biosynthesize its precursor N-stearoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (C18:0NAPE) in vitro. We therefore sought to identify the factors that allowed C18:0NAPE biosynthesis by the engineered bacteria after colonization of the intestinal tract. We found that the species of NAPE biosynthesized by engineered bacteria depends on the species of dietary fatty acids available in the intestine, suggesting a simple method to fine-tune the therapeutic effects of modified microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura S Dosoky
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University , Rm 556 Robinson Research Building, 2200 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602, United States
| | - Lilu Guo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University , Rm 556 Robinson Research Building, 2200 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602, United States
| | - Zhongyi Chen
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University , Rm 556 Robinson Research Building, 2200 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602, United States
| | - Andrew V Feigley
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University , Rm 556 Robinson Research Building, 2200 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602, United States
| | - Sean S Davies
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University , Rm 556 Robinson Research Building, 2200 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602, United States
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Uyama T, Tsuboi K, Ueda N. An involvement of phospholipase A/acyltransferase family proteins in peroxisome regulation and plasmalogen metabolism. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:2745-2760. [PMID: 28796890 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The H-Ras-like suppressor (HRASLS) is a protein family consisting of five members in humans. Despite their discovery as tumor suppressors, we demonstrated that all these proteins are phospholipid-metabolizing enzymes, such as phospholipase (PL) A1 /A2 and acyltransferase. We thus proposed to rename HRASLS1-5 as PLA/acyltransferase (PLAAT)-1-5. Notably, PLAATs exhibit N-acyltransferase activity to biosynthesize N-acylated ethanolamine phospholipids, including N-acyl-plasmalogen, which serve as precursors of bioactive N-acylethanolamines. Furthermore, the overexpression of PLAAT-3 in animal cells causes disappearance of peroxisomes and a remarkable reduction in plasmalogen levels. This finding might be related to the inhibitory effect of PLAAT-3 on the chaperone activity of the peroxin PEX19. In this article, we will review our recent findings about PLAAT proteins, with special reference to their roles in peroxisome biogenesis and plasmalogen metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Uyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tsuboi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Natsuo Ueda
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Japan
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Mammalian enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of N-acylethanolamines. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:1546-1561. [PMID: 28843504 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) are ethanolamides of long-chain fatty acids, including palmitoylethanolamide, oleoylethanolamide and anandamide. In animal tissues, NAEs are biosynthesized from membrane phospholipids. The classical "transacylation-phosphodiesterase" pathway proceeds via N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE), which involves the actions of two enzymes, NAPE-generating Ca2+-dependent N-acyltransferase (Ca-NAT) and NAPE-hydrolyzing phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD). Recent identification of Ca-NAT as Ɛ isoform of cytosolic phospholipase A2 enabled the further molecular biological approaches toward this enzyme. In addition, Ca2+-independent NAPE formation was shown to occur by N-acyltransferase activity of a group of proteins named phospholipase A/acyltransferases (PLAAT)-1-5. The analysis of NAPE-PLD-deficient mice confirmed that NAEs can be produced through multi-step pathways bypassing NAPE-PLD. The NAPE-PLD-independent pathways involved three members of the glycerophosphodiesterase (GDE) family (GDE1, GDE4 and GDE7) as well as α/β-hydrolase domain-containing protein (ABHD)4. In this review article, we will focus on recent progress made and latest insights in the enzymes involved in NAE synthesis and their further characterization.
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40
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Anderson AM, Kalimutho M, Harten S, Nanayakkara DM, Khanna KK, Ragan MA. The metastasis suppressor RARRES3 as an endogenous inhibitor of the immunoproteasome expression in breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39873. [PMID: 28051153 PMCID: PMC5209724 DOI: 10.1038/srep39873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In breast cancer metastasis, the dynamic continuum involving pro- and anti-inflammatory regulators can become compromised. Over 600 genes have been implicated in metastasis to bone, lung or brain but how these genes might contribute to perturbation of immune function is poorly understood. To gain insight, we adopted a gene co-expression network approach that draws on the functional parallels between naturally occurring bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and cancer stem cells (CSCs). Our network analyses indicate a key role for metastasis suppressor RARRES3, including potential to regulate the immunoproteasome (IP), a specialized proteasome induced under inflammatory conditions. Knockdown of RARRES3 in near-normal mammary epithelial and breast cancer cell lines increases overall transcript and protein levels of the IP subunits, but not of their constitutively expressed counterparts. RARRES3 mRNA expression is controlled by interferon regulatory factor IRF1, an inducer of the IP, and is sensitive to depletion of the retinoid-related receptor RORA that regulates various physiological processes including immunity through modulation of gene expression. Collectively, these findings identify a novel regulatory role for RARRES3 as an endogenous inhibitor of IP expression, and contribute to our evolving understanding of potential pathways underlying breast cancer driven immune modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Anderson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Murugan Kalimutho
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Sarah Harten
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Devathri M Nanayakkara
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Kum Kum Khanna
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Mark A Ragan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
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Anderson AM, Ragan MA. Palmitoylation: a protein S-acylation with implications for breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2016; 2:16028. [PMID: 28721385 PMCID: PMC5515344 DOI: 10.1038/npjbcancer.2016.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein S-acylation is a reversible post-translational lipid modification that involves linkage of a fatty acid chain predominantly to a cysteine amino acid via a thioester bond. The fatty acid molecule is primarily palmitate, thus the term 'palmitoylation' is more commonly used. Palmitoylation has been found to modulate all stages of protein function including maturational processing, trafficking, membrane anchoring, signaling range and efficacy, and degradation. In breast cancer, palmitoylation has been shown to control the function of commonly dysregulated genes including estrogen receptors, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of receptors, and cancer stem cell markers. Importantly, palmitoylation is a critical factor controlling the formation of complexes at the plasma membrane involving tetraspanins, integrins, and gene products that are key to cell-cell communication. During metastasis, cancer cells enhance their metastatic capacity by interacting with stroma and immune cells. Although aberrant palmitoylation could contribute to tumor initiation and growth, its potential role in these cell-cell interactions is of particular interest, as it may provide mechanistic insight into metastasis, including cancer cell-driven immune modulation. Compelling evidence for a role for aberrant palmitoylation in breast cancer remains to be established. To this end, in this review we summarize emerging evidence and highlight pertinent knowledge gaps, suggesting directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Anderson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark A Ragan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Hussain Z, Uyama T, Kawai K, Rahman IAS, Tsuboi K, Araki N, Ueda N. Comparative analyses of isoforms of the calcium-independent phosphatidylethanolamine N-acyltransferase PLAAT-1 in humans and mice. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:2051-2060. [PMID: 27623847 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m071290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
N-Acylphosphatidylethanolamines (NAPEs) are a class of glycerophospholipids, which are known as precursors for different bioactive N-acylethanolamines. We previously reported that phospholipase A/acyltransferase-1 (PLAAT-1), which was originally found in mammals as a tumor suppressor, catalyzes N-acylation of phosphatidylethanolamines to form NAPEs. However, recent online database suggested the presence of an uncharacterized isoform of PLAAT-1 with an extra sequence at the N terminus. In the present study, we examined the occurrence, intracellular localization, and catalytic properties of this longer isoform, as well as the original shorter isoform from humans and mice. Our results showed that human tissues express the longer isoform but not the short isoform at all. In contrast, mice expressed both isoforms with different tissue distribution. Unlike the cytoplasmic localization of the shorter isoform, the long isoform was found in both cytoplasm and nucleus, inferring that the extra sequence harbors a nuclear localization signal. As assayed with purified proteins, neither isoform required calcium for full activity. Moreover, the overexpression of each isoform remarkably increased cellular NAPE levels. These results conclude that the new long isoform of PLAAT-1 is a calcium-independent N-acyltransferase existing in both cytoplasm and nucleus and suggest a possible formation of NAPEs in various membrane structures including nuclear membrane. J. Lipid Res 2016. 57: 2051-2060.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahir Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Toru Uyama
- Department of Biochemistry Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Kawai
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Iffat Ara Sonia Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tsuboi
- Department of Biochemistry Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Araki
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Natsuo Ueda
- Department of Biochemistry Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
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