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Jiam NT, Podury A, Quesnel AM, Handzel O. Worldwide differences in surgeon intraoperative practices for cochlear implantation. Cochlear Implants Int 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38935802 DOI: 10.1080/14670100.2024.2367309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize practice patterns of intraoperative imaging and/or functional confirmation of cochlear implant electrode location worldwide. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of otolaryngologists performing cochlear implantation was conducted between March 1 and May 6, 2023. Participants were recruited worldwide using an international otologic society membership email list and at professional meetings. Ninety-seven of the 125 invited participants (78%) completed the survey. Participants were categorized by continent. RESULTS North American surgeons use intraoperative X-rays more frequently than surgeons in Europe and Asia (p < 0.001). Otolaryngologists in Europe and Asia more frequently use no intraoperative imaging (p = 0.02). There is no regional difference between the intraoperative use of electrophysiologic instruments. European and Asian surgeons implant MED-EL devices (p = 0.012) more frequently than North American surgeons, who more frequently use Cochlear Corporation devices (p = 0.003). MED-EL use is related to less frequent intraoperative X-ray use (p = 0.02). Advanced Bionics use is related to more frequent intraoperative CT use (p = 0.03). No significant association existed between years of practice, number of cochlear implantation surgeries performed yearly, volume of pediatric CI practice, and use of intraoperative tools. CONCLUSION Intraoperative practice for radiologic and functional verification of cochlear implant electrode positioning varies worldwide. Practice guidelines may help establish a standard of care for cochlear implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole T Jiam
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Archana Podury
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California - San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alicia M Quesnel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ophir Handzel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
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Poon C, Wilsdon T, Sarwar I, Roediger A, Yuan M. Why is the screening rate in lung cancer still low? A seven-country analysis of the factors affecting adoption. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1264342. [PMID: 38026274 PMCID: PMC10666168 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1264342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Strong evidence of lung cancer screening's effectiveness in mortality reduction, as demonstrated in the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) in the US and the Dutch-Belgian Randomized Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NELSON), has prompted countries to implement formal lung cancer screening programs. However, adoption rates remain largely low. This study aims to understand how lung cancer screening programs are currently performing. It also identifies the barriers and enablers contributing to adoption of lung cancer screening across 10 case study countries: Canada, China, Croatia, Japan, Poland, South Korea and the United States. Adoption rates vary significantly across studied countries. We find five main factors impacting adoption: (1) political prioritization of lung cancer (2) financial incentives/cost sharing and hidden ancillary costs (3) infrastructure to support provision of screening services (4) awareness around lung cancer screening and risk factors and (5) cultural views and stigma around lung cancer. Although these factors have application across the countries, the weighting of each factor on driving or hindering adoption varies by country. The five areas set out by this research should be factored into policy making and implementation to maximize effectiveness and outreach of lung cancer screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim Wilsdon
- Charles River Associates, London, United Kingdom
| | - Iqra Sarwar
- Charles River Associates, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Megan Yuan
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States
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Zhao K, Chen P, Alexander-Bloch A, Wei Y, Dyrba M, Yang F, Kang X, Wang D, Fan D, Ye S, Tang Y, Yao H, Zhou B, Lu J, Yu C, Wang P, Liao Z, Chen Y, Huang L, Zhang X, Han Y, Li S, Liu Y. A neuroimaging biomarker for Individual Brain-Related Abnormalities In Neurodegeneration (IBRAIN): a cross-sectional study. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 65:102276. [PMID: 37954904 PMCID: PMC10632687 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder that poses a worldwide public health challenge. A neuroimaging biomarker would significantly improve early diagnosis and intervention, ultimately enhancing the quality of life for affected individuals and reducing the burden on healthcare systems. Methods Cross-sectional and longitudinal data (10,099 participants with 13,380 scans) from 12 independent datasets were used in the present study (this study was performed between September 1, 2021 and February 15, 2023). The Individual Brain-Related Abnormalities In Neurodegeneration (IBRAIN) score was developed via integrated regional- and network-based measures under an ensemble machine learning model based on structural MRI data. We systematically assessed whether IBRAIN could be a neuroimaging biomarker for AD. Findings IBRAIN accurately differentiated individuals with AD from NCs (AUC = 0.92) and other neurodegenerative diseases, including Frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Vascular dementia (VaD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) (AUC = 0.92). IBRAIN was significantly correlated to clinical measures and gene expression, enriched in immune process and protein metabolism. The IBRAIN score exhibited a significant ability to reveal the distinct progression of prodromal AD (i.e., Mild cognitive impairment, MCI) (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 6.52 [95% CI: 4.42∼9.62], p < 1 × 10-16), which offers similar powerful performance with Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Aβ (HR = 3.78 [95% CI: 2.63∼5.43], p = 2.13 × 10-14) and CSF Tau (HR = 3.77 [95% CI: 2.64∼5.39], p = 9.53 × 10-15) based on the COX and Log-rank test. Notably, the IBRAIN shows comparable sensitivity (beta = -0.70, p < 1 × 10-16) in capturing longitudinal changes in individuals with conversion to AD than CSF Aβ (beta = -0.26, p = 4.40 × 10-9) and CSF Tau (beta = 0.12, p = 1.02 × 10-5). Interpretation Our findings suggested that IBRAIN is a biologically relevant, specific, and sensitive neuroimaging biomarker that can serve as a clinical measure to uncover prodromal AD progression. It has strong potential for application in future clinical practice and treatment trials. Funding Science and Technology Innovation 2030 Major Projects, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing Natural Science Funds, the Fundamental Research Funds for the CentralUniversity, and the Startup Funds for Talents at Beijing Normal University.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhao
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China
| | - Pindong Chen
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Brainnetome Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aaron Alexander-Bloch
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Yongbin Wei
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China
| | - Martin Dyrba
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - Fan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Kang
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Brainnetome Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Dongsheng Fan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, National Health Commission/Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Ye
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, National Health Commission/Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxiang Yao
- Department of Radiology, The Second Medical Centre, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Medical Centre, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunshui Yu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhengluan Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Longjian Huang
- Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Medical Centre, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China
- Centre of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Brainnetome Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhang J, Yang K, Wang C, Gu W, Li X, Fu S, Song G, Wang J, Wu C, Zhu H, Shi Z. Risk factors for chronic ankle instability after first episode of lateral ankle sprain: A retrospective analysis of 362 cases. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023; 12:606-612. [PMID: 36931594 PMCID: PMC10466191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is a common sequela following an acute lateral ankle sprain (LAS). To treat an acute LAS more effectively and efficiently, it is important to identify patients at substantial risk for developing CAI. This study identifies magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) manifestations for predicting CAI development after a first episode of LAS and explores appropriate clinical indications for ordering MRI scans for these patients. METHODS All patients with a first-episode LAS who received plain radiograph and MRI scanning within the first 2 weeks after LAS from December 1, 2017 to December 1, 2019 were identified. Data were collected using the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool at final follow-up. Demographic and other related clinical variables, including age, sex, body mass index, and treatment were also recorded. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed successively to identify risk factors for CAI after first-episode LAS. RESULTS A total 131 out of 362 patients with a mean follow-up of 3.0 ± 0.6 years (mean ± SD; 2.0-4.1 years) developed CAI after first-episode LAS. According to multivariable regression, development of CAI after first-episode LAS was associated with 5 prognostic factors: age (odds ratio (OR) = 0.96, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.93-1.00, p = 0.032); body mass index (OR = 1.09, 95%CI: 1.02-1.17, p = 0.009); posterior talofibular ligament injury (OR = 2.17, 95%CI: 1.05-4.48, p = 0.035); large bone marrow lesion of the talus (OR = 2.69, 95%CI: 1.30-5.58, p = 0.008), and Grade 2 effusion of the tibiotalar joint (OR = 2.61, 95%CI: 1.39-4.89, p = 0.003). When patients had at least 1 positive clinical finding in the 10-m walk test, anterior drawer test, or inversion tilt test, they had a 90.2% sensitivity and 77.4% specificity in terms of detecting at least 1 prognostic factor by MRI. CONCLUSION MRI scanning is valuable in predicting CAI after first-episode LAS for those patients with at least 1 positive clinical finding in the 10-m walk test, anterior drawer test, and inversion tilt test. Further prospective and large-scale studies are necessary for validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyuan Zhang
- National Center for Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- National Center for Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Wenqi Gu
- National Center for Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xueqian Li
- National Center for Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shaoling Fu
- National Center for Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Guoxun Song
- National Center for Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jiazheng Wang
- National Center for Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Chenglin Wu
- National Center for Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Hongyi Zhu
- National Center for Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; Institute of Clinical Research, National Center for Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Zhongmin Shi
- National Center for Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
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Stepovic M, Vekic S, Vojinovic R, Jovanovic K, Radovanovic S, Radevic S, Rancic N. Analysis and Forecast of Indicators Related to Medical Workers and Medical Technology in Selected Countries of Eastern Europe and Balkan. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11050655. [PMID: 36900660 PMCID: PMC10000486 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11050655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Health indicators measure certain health characteristics in a specific population or country and can help navigate the health systems. As the global population is rising, the demand for an increase in the number of health workers is simultaneously rising. The aim of this study was to compare and predict the indicators related to the number of medical workers and medical technologies in selected countries in Eastern Europe and Balkan in the studied period. The article analyzed the reported data of selected health indicators extracted from the European Health for All database. The indicators of interest were the number of physicians, pharmacists, general practitioners and dentists per 100,000 people. To observe the changes in these indicators through the available years, we used linear trends, regression analysis and forecasting to the year 2025. The regression analysis shows that the majority of the observed countries will experience an increase in the number of general practitioners, pharmacists, health workers/professionals and dentists, as well as in the number of computerized tomography scanners and the number of magnetic resonance units, predicted to occur by 2025. Following trends of medical indicators can help the government and health sector to focus and navigate the best investments for each country according to the level of their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Stepovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Stefan Vekic
- Faculty of Economics, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Radisa Vojinovic
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Kristijan Jovanovic
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Snezana Radovanovic
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Radevic
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Rancic
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence in Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence:
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Liang S, Gu Y. SRENet: a spatiotemporal relationship-enhanced 2D-CNN-based framework for staging and segmentation of kidney cancer using CT images. APPL INTELL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10489-022-04384-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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7
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Comparative Effect of Multi-Dose Contrast Median on Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography Workflow of Nurses and Hospital Efficiency: A Multi-CenterReal-World Prospective Observational Study in China. Emerg Med Int 2022; 2022:1168973. [PMID: 36561731 PMCID: PMC9767742 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1168973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to evaluate and compare computed tomography (CT)-contrast operational workflow and hospital imaging efficiency when using a multi-dose bulk IV contrast delivery system and when using a single-dose packaging contrast. Materials and Methods A multi-center prospective observational study was conducted in six regions in China. The operating time and workflow of radiology nursing staff were evaluated and observed using an investigational tool and recorded by the investigators using a stopwatch. Nursing staff's knowledge and the imaging capabilities of hospitals were collected using a questionnaire. Rate, t-test, χ 2 test, and partial correlation analysis were used to describe the knowledge of nursing staff. The operation time and frequency of the two contrast agent packages were further compared using the Stata 15.0 software. Results A total of 42 radiology nurses and 1,167 CT contrast-operating procedures in six provinces in China were evaluated. The total operating times for the 100 ml contrast agent versus the 200 ml contrast agent were 80.67 s and 63.81 s, respectively (P < 0.01). According to the average annual hospital CT scans (49,807 scans) and the power injector (PI) market share, approximately 233 h yearly could be saved in a hospital. Regarding CT contrast knowledge, approximately 57.14% nurses expressed their willingness to use multi-dose packaging contrast agents. Conclusion Through difference and correlation analysis on real-world data, this study suggests that, considering safety, the use of a multi-dose bulk IV contrast agent is more time-saving and efficient for Chinese nurses and medical institutions compared with that of a single-dose package.
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Fan X, Zhang W, Guo Y, Cai J, Xie B. Equity assessment of the distribution of mental health beds in China: based on longitudinal data from 2011 to 2020. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:1453. [PMID: 36451145 PMCID: PMC9709752 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08658-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health problems have become a public health problem that needs to be solved in China. However, medical resources for mental healthcare remain insufficient and unevenly distributed. The Chinese central government has taken many measures to address this issue over the last decade. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in equity in mental health bed allocation from 2011 to 2020. METHODS The data of this study came from the China Health Statistical Yearbook (2012-2021) and the China National Administrative Division Information Platform. The annual growth rate was used to evaluate the time trends of mental health beds. The Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient and Theil index were used to assess equity in the demographic and geographical dimensions. The distribution of mental health beds was visualized on a map using geographic information system (GIS) software. RESULTS The total number of mental health beds in China increased steadily from 2011 to 2020. At the national level, the Gini coefficient and Theil index all exhibited downward trends over time. The mental health bed allocation in terms of the demographic dimension was relatively equitable, with Gini values all less than 0.3; however, the Gini coefficients by geographical area were all more than 0.6, indicating inequity. Intraregional contribution rates were higher than interregional contribution rates, which were all above 60%. CONCLUSION The overall distribution equity of mental health beds improved from 2011 to 2020. The equity of mental health beds in terms of population size is superior to that in terms of geographical area. Intraregional differences are the main source of inequity. In particular, differences within the western region need to be given attention. Thus, the findings from this study emphasize that the demographic and geographical distributions and all influencing factors should be considered when the government makes mental health resource allocation policies.
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Grants
- GWV-10.1-XK18 Three-year Action Plan Project for Public Health System Construction
- GWV-10.1-XK18 Three-year Action Plan Project for Public Health System Construction
- GWV-10.1-XK18 Three-year Action Plan Project for Public Health System Construction
- GWV-10.1-XK18 Three-year Action Plan Project for Public Health System Construction
- GWV-10.1-XK18 Three-year Action Plan Project for Public Health System Construction
- 19411950800 Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality Research Project
- 19411950800 Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality Research Project
- 19411950800 Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality Research Project
- 19411950800 Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality Research Project
- 19411950800 Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality Research Project
- WK2118 Science and Technology Innovation Project, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- WK2118 Science and Technology Innovation Project, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- WK2118 Science and Technology Innovation Project, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- WK2118 Science and Technology Innovation Project, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- WK2118 Science and Technology Innovation Project, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fan
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200030, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Mental Disease Control and Prevention, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Weibo Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200030, Shanghai, China
- Center for Mental Health Management, China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanping Guo
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200030, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Mental Disease Control and Prevention, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200030, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bin Xie
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200030, Shanghai, China.
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9
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Huang J, Li H, Yan H, Li FX, Tang M, Lu DL. The comparative burden of brain and central nervous system cancers from 1990 to 2019 between China and the United States and predicting the future burden. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1018836. [PMID: 36339132 PMCID: PMC9635888 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1018836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brain and central nervous system (CNS) cancers represent a major source of cancer burden in China and the United States. Comparing the two countries' epidemiological features for brain and CNS cancers can help plan interventions and draw lessons. Methods Data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease repository. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) and relative risks of cancer burdens were calculated using joinpoint regression analysis and age-period-cohort (APC) models, respectively. Moreover, a Bayesian APC model was employed to predict the disease burden over the next decade. Results From 1990 to 2019, the number of incidences, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) increased in China and the US, with a larger increase in China. Age-standardized incidence rates in China and the United States have shown an increasing trend over the past three decades, with AAPCs of 0.84 and 0.16%, respectively. However, the rates of age-standardized mortality and age-standardized DALYs decreased in both countries, with a greater decrease in China. Overall, age trends in cancer burden were similar for males and females, with two peaks in the childhood and elderly groups, respectively. The period and cohort effects on incidence showed an overall increasing trend in China and limited change in the US. However, the period effects for mortality and DALY were decreasing in both countries, while the cohort effects tended to increase and then decrease. Moreover, we predicted that the cancer burdens would continue to rise in China over the next decade. Conclusion The burden of brain and CNS cancers is substantial and will continue to increase in China. Comprehensive policy and control measures need to be implemented to reduce the burden.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Da-Lin Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Characterization of different reconstruction techniques on computer-aided system for detection of pulmonary nodules in lung from low-dose CT protocol. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Qin C, Murali S, Lee E, Supramaniam V, Hausenloy DJ, Obungoloch J, Brecher J, Lin R, Ding H, Akudjedu TN, Anazodo UC, Jagannathan NR, Ntusi NAB, Simonetti OP, Campbell-Washburn AE, Niendorf T, Mammen R, Adeleke S. Sustainable low-field cardiovascular magnetic resonance in changing healthcare systems. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2022; 23:e246-e260. [PMID: 35157038 PMCID: PMC9159744 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeab286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease continues to be a major burden facing healthcare systems worldwide. In the developed world, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is a well-established non-invasive imaging modality in the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. However, there is significant global inequality in availability and access to CMR due to its high cost, technical demands as well as existing disparities in healthcare and technical infrastructures across high-income and low-income countries. Recent renewed interest in low-field CMR has been spurred by the clinical need to provide sustainable imaging technology capable of yielding diagnosticquality images whilst also being tailored to the local populations and healthcare ecosystems. This review aims to evaluate the technical, practical and cost considerations of low field CMR whilst also exploring the key barriers to implementing sustainable MRI in both the developing and developed world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Qin
- Department of Imaging, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Sanjana Murali
- Department of Imaging, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Elsa Lee
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Hatter Cardiovascular Institue, UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Johnes Obungoloch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | | | - Rongyu Lin
- School of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hao Ding
- Department of Imaging, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Theophilus N Akudjedu
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Visualisation, Faculty of Health and Social Science, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
| | | | - Naranamangalam R Jagannathan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, India
- Department of Radiology, Sri Ramachandra University Medical College, Chennai, India
- Department of Radiology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Kelambakkam, India
| | - Ntobeko A B Ntusi
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Orlando P Simonetti
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Adrienne E Campbell-Washburn
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thoralf Niendorf
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max-Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Regina Mammen
- Department of Cardiology, The Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon, UK
| | - Sola Adeleke
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- High Dimensional Neurology, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
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12
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Feng J, Sun L, Sun X, Xu L, Liu L, Liu G, Wang J, Gao P, Zhan S, Chen Y, Wang S, Sun Y. Increasing prevalence and burden of bronchiectasis in urban Chinese adults, 2013-2017: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Respir Res 2022; 23:111. [PMID: 35509081 PMCID: PMC9066779 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02023-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While the prevalence and disease burden of bronchiectasis are increasing, data in the world’s largest population are lacking. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and disease burden of bronchiectasis in Chinese adults. Methods We conducted a population-based study using data between 2013 and 2017 from the national databases of Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance and Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance in China. Data from over 380 million patients aged 18 years and older during the study period were analyzed, and a total of 383,926 bronchiectasis patients were identified. Primary outcomes included the age- and sex-specific prevalence of bronchiectasis. Annual visits and hospitalizations, as well as annual costs were also calculated. Results The prevalence of bronchiectasis in Chinese adults increased 2.31-fold, from 75.48 (62.26, 88.69) per 100,000 in 2013 to 174.45 (137.02, 211.88) per 100,000 in 2017. The increase was more remarkable for patients aged over 50 years in both genders. The per-capita total cost and hospitalization cost of patients with bronchiectasis increased 2.18-fold and 1.83-fold from 2013 to 2017, respectively, mostly driven by non-bronchiectasis costs. The average annual hospitalization ranged from 1.20 to 1.24 times during the 5 years. Conclusion The prevalence and disease burden of bronchiectasis in Chinese urban adults ≥ 18 years had increased significantly between 2013 and 2017. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-02023-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingnan Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Guozhen Liu
- Peking University Health Information Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxi Wang
- Shanghai Songsheng Business Consulting Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Siyan Zhan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China. .,Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Yahong Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Shengfeng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongchang Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
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13
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Yang F, Deng X, Xin P, Hong Z, Pang F, He W, Wei Q, Li Z. The Value of the Frog Lateral View Radiograph for Detecting Collapse of Femur Head Necrosis: A Retrospective Study of 1001 Cases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:811644. [PMID: 35425771 PMCID: PMC9001973 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.811644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The collapse in femur head necrosis is generally detected by CT or MRI which are not primary routine examination at every follow-up in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to verify the reliability of the frog lateral view radiograph in detecting the collapse of femoral head. Methods We retrospectively included 1001 hips of 620 patients with femur head necrosis. The anteroposterior view and frog lateral view of X-ray standard radiographs, CT and MRI of patients were collected and simultaneously evaluated by three orthopedists to evaluate the condition of collapse according to the unified standard. The inter-observer reliability of each view of X-ray for detecting the collapse were analyzed through the weighted Cohen's kappa index. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of each evaluation method were also calculated. Results A moderate or substantial reliability was indicated in the evaluation of frog lateral view radiograph, whereas the anteroposterior view only showed fair or poor reliability. Using the CT or MRI results of collapse as the gold standard, the frog lateral view indicated higher sensitivity and accuracy than the anteroposterior view (sensitivity: 82.8 vs. 64.9%; accuracy: 87.1 vs. 73.9%). The combination of the anteroposterior view and frog lateral view indicated higher reliability than individual views. Conclusion The frog lateral view radiograph has higher sensitivity and accuracy than anteroposterior view. It is a complementary method to AP view for detecting the collapse in femur head necrosis during the follow-up, which has moderate or substantial inter-observer reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Deng
- Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Xin
- Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhinan Hong
- Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Joint Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengxiang Pang
- Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei He
- Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Joint Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiushi Wei
- Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Joint Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqi Li
- Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Joint Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Wang X, He X, Ren Y, Zhang Z, Cai L, Cao Z, Li X. Evaluating the Price, Availability, and Affordability of Essential Medicines in Primary Healthcare Institutions: A Mixed Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Study in Jiangsu, China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:860471. [PMID: 35493374 PMCID: PMC9039261 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.860471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the price, availability, and affordability of essential medicines in primary healthcare institutions in Jiangsu Province.MethodsA mixed longitudinal and cross-sectional survey was conducted in primary healthcare institutions in Jiangsu based on the adjusted World Health Organization and Health Action International methodology. 45 essential medicines were collected from 30 primary healthcare institutions in Nanjing from 2016 to 2020. We also collected information on these medicines in 70 primary healthcare institutions across seven cities of Jiangsu in 2021. The availability, price, and affordability were compared with matched sets. Differences of availability between years and cities were further compared using Wilcoxon rank-sum test.ResultsIn Nanjing, the variation was significant of availability during the study period. The MPR was generally decreasing between 2016 and 2020, with the median price ratio (MPR) for lowest-priced generics (LPGs) ranging from 1.20 to 2.53 and originator brands (OBs) substantially above international levels. The median availability of generic medicines increased in 2018 and subsequently stabilized at around 55%, and the availability of originator medicines was low. There were no significant regional differences in prices across the sampled cities in Jiangsu, and the median MPR for LPGs was acceptable (1.23), while the median MPR for OBs was 8.54. The mean availability was different across regions (p < 0.001), being higher in Nanjing (54.67%) and Nantong (56.22%), and lower in northern Jiangsu (about 35%). For LPGs, there was little difference in the proportion of medicines with low availability and high affordability (50.00% for urban residents and 40.48% for rural residents). For OBs, there were more than half of rural residents had low availability and low affordability of medicines (58.82%).ConclusionsIn terms of yearly changes, the prices of essential medicines have considerably decreased, and the availability of LPGs has slightly increased. However, the availability of medicines was found to be poor and there were regional differences in the availability and affordability of medicines among metropolitan and rural areas. Policy interventions targeting external factors associated with health resource allocation are essential and possible strategies include effective and efficient government investment mechanisms on primary healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuan He
- School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqin Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuolin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lele Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoliu Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Li
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15
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Practice-Based Learning Using Smart Class: A Competency-Based Model in Undergraduate Radiology Education. Acad Radiol 2022; 29:150-157. [PMID: 33158705 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES A need for adequate and early exposure to radiology practice is rising in undergraduate students, taking competency development as the orientation. We aimed to develop a competency-based model of practice-based learning for undergraduate radiology education. MATERIALS AND METHODS The model of practice-based learning was constructed upon an e-learning smart class environment, with case-based learning and simulators for competency development. To assess the model effectiveness, a randomized controlled experiment was performed, where 57 third-year medical students received the model (Smart-Class group) and another 57 received traditional teaching (Traditional group). Seven quizzes, a final exam, and a survey were performed in both groups. RESULTS Smart-Class group achieved higher mean score in the quizzes (r = -0.4, p < 0.001) and application subscore in the final exam (r = -0.3, p = 0.005) compared to Traditional group. Smart-Class group also gave higher ratings in students' perceptions concerning promotion of learning interests, radiology skills, and diagnostic reasoning (r = -0.2 to -0.3, p = 0.001-0.034). CONCLUSION Practice-based learning using smart class improved students' application ability and satisfactions in undergraduate radiology education, suggesting it a practical model for early exposure to radiology practice and competency development for undergraduate medical students.
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16
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Hu N, Zhang T, Wu Y, Tang B, Li M, Song B, Gong Q, Wu M, Gu S, Lui S. Detecting brain lesions in suspected acute ischemic stroke with CT-based synthetic MRI using generative adversarial networks. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:35. [PMID: 35282087 PMCID: PMC8848363 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-4056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Difficulties in detecting brain lesions in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) have convinced researchers to use computed tomography (CT) to scan for and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to search for these lesions. This work aimed to develop a generative adversarial network (GAN) model for CT-to-MR image synthesis and evaluate reader performance with synthetic MRI (syn-MRI) in detecting brain lesions in suspected patients. Methods Patients with primarily suspected AIS were randomly assigned to the training (n=140) or testing (n=53) set. Emergency CT and follow-up MR images in the training set were used to develop a GAN model to generate syn-MR images from the CT data in the testing set. The standard reference was the manual segmentations of follow-up MR images. Image similarity was evaluated between syn-MRI and the ground truth using a 4-grade visual rating scale, the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and the structural similarity index measure (SSIM). Reader performance with syn-MRI and CT was evaluated and compared on a per-patient (patient detection) and per-lesion (lesion detection) basis. Paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare reader performance in lesion detection between the syn-MRI and CT data. Results Grade 2–4 brain lesions were observed on syn-MRI in 92.5% (49/53) of the patients, while the remaining syn-MRI data showed no lesions compared to the ground truth. The GAN model exhibited a weak PSNR of 24.30 dB but a favorable SSIM of 0.857. Compared with CT, syn-MRI led to an increase in the overall sensitivity from 38% (57/150) to 82% (123/150) in patient detection and from 4% (68/1,620) to 16% (262/1,620) in lesion detection (R=0.32, corrected P<0.001), but the specificity in patient detection decreased from 67% (6/9) to 33% (3/9). An additional 75% (70/93) of patients and 15% (77/517) of lesions missed on CT were detected on syn-MRI. Conclusions The GAN model holds potential for generating synthetic MR images from noncontrast CT data and thus could help sensitively detect individuals among patients with suspected AIS. However, the image similarity performance of the model needs to be improved, and further expert discrimination is strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Hu
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianwei Zhang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Biqiu Tang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minlong Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Wu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi Gu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Su Lui
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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17
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Srikrishna M, Pereira JB, Heckemann RA, Volpe G, van Westen D, Zettergren A, Kern S, Wahlund LO, Westman E, Skoog I, Schöll M. Deep learning from MRI-derived labels enables automatic brain tissue classification on human brain CT. Neuroimage 2021; 244:118606. [PMID: 34571160 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Automatic methods for feature extraction, volumetry, and morphometric analysis in clinical neuroscience typically operate on images obtained with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging equipment. Although CT scans are less expensive to acquire and more widely available than MR scans, their application is currently limited to the visual assessment of brain integrity and the exclusion of co-pathologies. CT has rarely been used for tissue classification because the contrast between grey matter and white matter was considered insufficient. In this study, we propose an automatic method for segmenting grey matter (GM), white matter (WM), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and intracranial volume (ICV) from head CT images. A U-Net deep learning model was trained and validated on CT images with MRI-derived segmentation labels. We used data from 744 participants of the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies for whom CT and T1-weighted MR images had been acquired on the same day. Our proposed model predicted brain tissue classes accurately from unseen CT images (Dice coefficients of 0.79, 0.82, 0.75, 0.93 and 0.98 for GM, WM, CSF, brain volume and ICV, respectively). To contextualize these results, we generated benchmarks based on established MR-based methods and intentional image degradation. Our findings demonstrate that CT-derived segmentations can be used to delineate and quantify brain tissues, opening new possibilities for the use of CT in clinical practice and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Srikrishna
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joana B Pereira
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Rolf A Heckemann
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Giovanni Volpe
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Danielle van Westen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University Sweden; Department of Imaging and Function, Skånes University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Zettergren
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Silke Kern
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Lars-Olof Wahlund
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Westman
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Schöll
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Dementia Research Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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18
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Reyes-Santias F, Antelo M. Explaining the adoption and use of computed tomography and magnetic resonance image technologies in public hospitals. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:1278. [PMID: 34838015 PMCID: PMC8626964 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-07225-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This article examines what the adoption and use of advanced medical technologies – computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – by public hospitals depend on and to what extent. Methods From a sample of panel data for all public hospitals in the health service of Galicia (a subregion of the Galicia-North of Portugal Euroregion) for the 2010–2017 period, we grouped explanatory variables into inputs (resources), outputs (activities) and socio-demographic variables. Factor analysis was used to reduce as much as possible the number of analysed variables, discriminant analysis to examine the technologies adoption decision, and multiple regression analysis to investigate their use. Results Factor analysis identified motivators on adoption and use of CT and MRI medical technologies as follows: hospital inputs/outputs (Factor 1); radiology studies and adoption of CT by public hospitals (Factor 2); research/teaching role and big-ticket diagnostic and therapeutic (lithotripsy) technologies (Factor 3); number of transplants (Factor 4); cancer diagnosis/treatment (Factor 5); and catchment area geographical dispersion (Factor 6). Cronbach’s alpha of 0.881 indicated an acceptable degree of reliability of the factor variables. Regarding adoption of these technologies, Factor 1 is the most influential, explaining 37% of the variance and showing adequate global internal consistency, whereas Factor 2 is limited to 13% of the variance. In the discriminant analysis, values for Box’s M test and canonical correlations such as Wilks’s lambda for the two technologies underpin the reliability and predictive capacity of the discriminant equations. Finally, and according to the regression analysis, the factor with the greatest influence on CT and MRI use is Factor 2, followed by Factors 1 and 3 in the case of CT use, and Factors 3 and 5 in the case of MRI use. Conclusion CT and MRI adoption by public hospitals is mainly determined by hospital inputs and outputs. However, the use of both medical technologies is mainly influenced by conventional radiology studies and CT adoption. These results suggest that both choices – adoption and use of advanced medical technology – may be separate decisions as they are taken possibly by different people (the former by managers and policymakers and the latter by physicians).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manel Antelo
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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19
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Ding L, Zhang N, Mao Y. Addressing the maldistribution of health resources in Sichuan Province, China: A county-level analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250526. [PMID: 33891649 PMCID: PMC8064550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The equity of health resource allocation geographically is a contested topic. Sichuan Province, located in Southwest China, has varied topography, providing us with natural materials to explore the determinants of health resource distribution. Materials and methods Spatial panel econometric models were constructed to explore the relationship between health resources and factors such as health care service demand and socioeconomic and demographic perspectives using data from Sichuan Province for eight consecutive years (2010–2017). Results Health care service demands were found to be a major driving force behind the distribution of health resources, showing that an increase in health care service demands draws health resources to specific counties and surrounding areas. From a socioeconomic perspective, gross domestic product per capita and the average wage show a positive association with health resources. In addition, the total population and proportion of the urban population have diverse effects in regard to health-related human resources but have the same effects on material and financial health resources. Conclusions Our results provide the Chinese government with evidence needed to formulate and promulgate effective policies, especially those aiming to tackle inequity among different regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- School of Humanities and Social Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Health Commission of Xi’an, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center for the Belt and Road Health Policy and Health Technology Assessment, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Ying Mao
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center for the Belt and Road Health Policy and Health Technology Assessment, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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20
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Yang Y, Zou X, Wang Y, Ma X. Application of deep learning as a noninvasive tool to differentiate muscle-invasive bladder cancer and non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer with CT. Eur J Radiol 2021; 139:109666. [PMID: 33798819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2021.109666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To construct a deep-learning convolution neural network (DL-CNN) system for the differentiation of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) images in patients with bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 1200 cross-sectional CT images were obtained from 369 patients with bladder cancer receiving radical cystectomy from January 2015 to June 2018, including 249 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) series and 120 muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) series. All eligible images were distributed randomly into the training, validation, and testing cohorts with ratios of 70 %, 15 %, and 15 %, respectively. We developed one small DL-CNN containing four convolutional and max pooling layers and eight DL-CNNs with pretrained bases from the ImageNet dataset to differentiate NMIBC from MIBC. The intermediate activations were applied on the test dataset to visualize how successive DL-CNN layers transform their input. RESULTS The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of the validation and testing datasets for the small DL-CNN was 0.946 and 0.998, respectively. The AUROCs of eight deep learning algorithms with pretrained bases ranged from 0.762 to 0.997 in the testing dataset. The VGG16 model had the largest AUROC of 0.997 among the eight algorithms with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.889 and 0.989. The independent features encoded by the small DL-CNN filters were displayed as assemblies of individual channels. CONCLUSION Based on contrast-enhanced CT images, our DL-CNN system could successfully classify NMIBC and MIBC with favorable AUROC in patients with bladder cancer. The application of our system in early stage might assist the pathological examination for the improvement of diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Yang
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, No.17 People's South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiuhe Zou
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Road 37, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yixi Wang
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, No.17 People's South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Department of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Road 37, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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21
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Sugase T, Michiura T, Urabe S, Sasaki K, Hayashi N, Yamabe K. Optimal treatment and complications of patients with the perforated upper gastrointestinal tract. Surg Today 2021; 51:1446-1455. [PMID: 33608745 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-021-02247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The perforation of the upper gastrointestinal tract is still associated with a high risk of complications and mortality. We aimed to evaluate the optimal treatment and post-treatment complications for this condition. METHODS This was a retrospective, single-center study conducted between 2010 and 2019. We analyzed 50 patients with intraperitoneal free air caused by peptic ulcer (44 cases) or cancer (six cases). RESULTS All patients initially received either conservative therapy (n = 7) or surgery (n = 43). The nonsurgically cured patients were significantly younger and had mild peritonitis and also had a shorter hospital stay. Two patients were converted to surgery due to worsening symptoms, and one of them was elderly and had a long perforation-to-treatment time. Regarding postoperative complications, patients with Grade II-V (n = 21) were significantly older and had a poorer physical status, longer perforation-to-surgery time, and higher preoperative CRP and lactate than those with Grade 0-I (n = 24). Multivariable analyses identified elevated preoperative lactate as an independent risk factor for postoperative complications. The patients with noncurative surgery for perforated advanced gastric cancer all died within 1 year after surgery. CONCLUSIONS Consideration should be given to the nonsurgical indications in elderly and delayed treatment patients and the postoperative outcomes of patients with preoperatively elevated lactate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Sugase
- Department of Surgery, Kinan Hospital, 46-70 Shinjo, Tanabe, Wakayama, 646-8588, Japan.
| | - Toshiya Michiura
- Department of Surgery, Kinan Hospital, 46-70 Shinjo, Tanabe, Wakayama, 646-8588, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Urabe
- Department of Surgery, Kinan Hospital, 46-70 Shinjo, Tanabe, Wakayama, 646-8588, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sasaki
- Department of Surgery, Kinan Hospital, 46-70 Shinjo, Tanabe, Wakayama, 646-8588, Japan
| | - Nobuyasu Hayashi
- Department of Surgery, Kinan Hospital, 46-70 Shinjo, Tanabe, Wakayama, 646-8588, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yamabe
- Department of Surgery, Kinan Hospital, 46-70 Shinjo, Tanabe, Wakayama, 646-8588, Japan
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22
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Biloglav Z, Medaković P, Vrkić D, Brkljačić B, Padjen I, Ćurić J, Žuvela F, Ivanac G. Geographical and Temporal Distribution of Radiologists, Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Scanners in Croatia. INQUIRY: THE JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION, AND FINANCING 2021; 58:469580211060295. [PMID: 34807799 PMCID: PMC8613895 DOI: 10.1177/00469580211060295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyse the temporal and geographic distribution of radiologists, computed tomography and magnetic resonance scanners in Croatia. In this observational study we estimated radiologists’ number per 100,000 population for 1997, 2006, and 2017 and compared private and public CT and MR scanners between 2011 and 2018. We analyzed the availability of radiologists and scanners, and the relationship between the radiological workforce and economic strength among counties. The workforce increased significantly from 1997 to 2017 and was associated with economic strength categories in 2017. In 2018, there were more CT scanners in the public sector, while MR scanners were distributed evenly. In 2011, there was similar distribution of CT and MR between sectors, while in 2018 there were significantly more public CT scanners. Counties with a medical school had significantly more radiologists and MR scanners. The high-to-low ratios per CT and MR were 11 and 8.2, suggesting inequality of health care. Croatia significantly increased its radiological workforce; however, cross-county inequality remained. Counties with higher economic strength and medical schools have better availability of radiologists and equipment. To ensure the sustainable activity of the health care system, a precise estimate of supply and demand of radiology services is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zrinka Biloglav
- Department of Medical Statistics, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, School of Public Health Andrija Štampar, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petar Medaković
- Department of Radiology, Special Hospital Agram, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dina Vrkić
- Central Medical Library, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Boris Brkljačić
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Padjen
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josip Ćurić
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Franko Žuvela
- Department of Radiology, General Hospital Varaždin, Varaždin, Croatia
| | - Gordana Ivanac
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
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23
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Nakai R, Azuma T, Nakaso Y, Sawa S, Demura T. Development of a dynamic imaging method for gravitropism in pea sprouts using clinical magnetic resonance imaging system. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2020; 37:437-442. [PMID: 33850431 PMCID: PMC8034701 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.20.1020a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a useful technique, only a few studies have investigated the dynamic behavior of small subjects using MRI owing to constraints such as experimental space and signal amount. In this study, to acquire high-resolution continuous three-dimensional gravitropism data of pea (Pisum sativum) sprouts, we developed a small-bore MRI signal receiver coil that can be used in a clinical MRI and adjusted the imaging sequence. It was expected that such an arrangement would improve signal sensitivity and improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the acquired image. All MRI experiments were performed using a 3.0-T clinical MRI scanner. An SNR comparison using an agarose gel phantom to confirm the improved performance of the small-bore receiver coil and an imaging experiment of pea sprouts exhibiting gravitropism were performed. The SNRs of the images acquired with a standard 32-channel head coil and the new small-bore receiver coil were 5.23±0.90 and 57.75±12.53, respectively. The SNR of the images recorded using the new coil was approximately 11-fold higher than that of the standard coil. In addition, when the accuracy of MR imaging that captures the movement of pea sprout was verified, the difference in position information from the optical image was found to be small and could be used for measurements. These results of this study enable the application of a clinical MRI system for dynamic plant MRI. We believe that this study is a significant first step in the development of plant MRI technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Nakai
- Kokoro Research Center, Kyoto University, 46 Shimoadachi-cho, Yoshida Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Azuma
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoinkawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nakaso
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Sawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0862, Japan
| | - Taku Demura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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24
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Tan BS, Dunnick NR, Gangi A, Goergen S, Jin ZY, Neri E, Nomura CH, Pitcher RD, Yee J, Mahmood U. RSNA International Trends: A Global Perspective on the COVID-19 Pandemic and Radiology in Late 2020. Radiology 2020; 299:E193-E203. [PMID: 33289616 PMCID: PMC7734846 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020204267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has challenged and changed health care systems around the world. There has been a heterogeneity of disease burden, health care resources, and nonimaging testing availability, both geographically and over time. In parallel, there has been a continued increase in understanding how the disease affects patients, effectiveness of therapeutic options, and factors that modulate transmission risk. In this report, radiology experts in representative countries from around the world share insights gained from local experience. These insights provide a guidepost to help address management challenges as cases continue to rise in many parts of the world and suggest modifications in workflow that are likely to continue after this pandemic subsides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bien Soo Tan
- From the Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Rd, Academia Level 4, Singapore 169856 (B.S.T.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Mich (N.R.D.); Department of Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Imaging, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia (S.G.); Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China (Z.Y.J.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy (E.N.); Department of Radiology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (C.H.N.); Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa (R.D.P.); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (J.Y.); and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (U.M.)
| | - N Reed Dunnick
- From the Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Rd, Academia Level 4, Singapore 169856 (B.S.T.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Mich (N.R.D.); Department of Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Imaging, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia (S.G.); Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China (Z.Y.J.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy (E.N.); Department of Radiology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (C.H.N.); Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa (R.D.P.); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (J.Y.); and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (U.M.)
| | - Afshin Gangi
- From the Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Rd, Academia Level 4, Singapore 169856 (B.S.T.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Mich (N.R.D.); Department of Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Imaging, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia (S.G.); Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China (Z.Y.J.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy (E.N.); Department of Radiology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (C.H.N.); Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa (R.D.P.); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (J.Y.); and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (U.M.)
| | - Stacy Goergen
- From the Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Rd, Academia Level 4, Singapore 169856 (B.S.T.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Mich (N.R.D.); Department of Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Imaging, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia (S.G.); Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China (Z.Y.J.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy (E.N.); Department of Radiology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (C.H.N.); Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa (R.D.P.); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (J.Y.); and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (U.M.)
| | - Zheng-Yu Jin
- From the Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Rd, Academia Level 4, Singapore 169856 (B.S.T.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Mich (N.R.D.); Department of Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Imaging, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia (S.G.); Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China (Z.Y.J.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy (E.N.); Department of Radiology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (C.H.N.); Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa (R.D.P.); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (J.Y.); and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (U.M.)
| | - Emanuele Neri
- From the Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Rd, Academia Level 4, Singapore 169856 (B.S.T.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Mich (N.R.D.); Department of Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Imaging, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia (S.G.); Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China (Z.Y.J.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy (E.N.); Department of Radiology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (C.H.N.); Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa (R.D.P.); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (J.Y.); and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (U.M.)
| | - Cesar Higa Nomura
- From the Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Rd, Academia Level 4, Singapore 169856 (B.S.T.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Mich (N.R.D.); Department of Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Imaging, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia (S.G.); Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China (Z.Y.J.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy (E.N.); Department of Radiology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (C.H.N.); Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa (R.D.P.); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (J.Y.); and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (U.M.)
| | - R D Pitcher
- From the Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Rd, Academia Level 4, Singapore 169856 (B.S.T.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Mich (N.R.D.); Department of Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Imaging, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia (S.G.); Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China (Z.Y.J.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy (E.N.); Department of Radiology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (C.H.N.); Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa (R.D.P.); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (J.Y.); and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (U.M.)
| | - Judy Yee
- From the Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Rd, Academia Level 4, Singapore 169856 (B.S.T.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Mich (N.R.D.); Department of Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Imaging, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia (S.G.); Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China (Z.Y.J.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy (E.N.); Department of Radiology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (C.H.N.); Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa (R.D.P.); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (J.Y.); and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (U.M.)
| | - Umar Mahmood
- From the Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Rd, Academia Level 4, Singapore 169856 (B.S.T.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Mich (N.R.D.); Department of Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Imaging, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia (S.G.); Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China (Z.Y.J.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy (E.N.); Department of Radiology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (C.H.N.); Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa (R.D.P.); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (J.Y.); and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (U.M.)
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25
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Chen D, Lang Y. The cream-skimming effect in China's health care services: A mixed methods study. Int J Health Plann Manage 2020; 36:113-133. [PMID: 32914460 DOI: 10.1002/hpm.3071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE One of the greatest inequities in China's health care service is that between senior cadres, high-level bureaucrats, and the general public in terms of hospital access and payment. We aim to demonstrate this inequity and to explore its connection with the regional inequity of different levels of health care facilities. METHODS In a content analysis of official websites of provincial health bureaus and national top hospitals, we determine whether senior cadres enjoy priority in health services with fewer payments. Then, we employ multiple regression analyses to explore the correlation of the local economy, the local population as well as the regional power and different levels of health care facilities. RESULTS The content analysis suggests that senior cadres indeed enjoy priority in health care services. According to the regression results, the local population has a positive correlation with every level of health care facilities except the highest one, which is responsive only to the local power index. CONCLUSION We demonstrate a demand-side cream-skimming effect in China's health care service. Senior cadres have taken the 'cream', the best services, and the individual inequity between senior cadres and the general public is related to the regional inequity of different-level health care facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjin Chen
- Centre for Social Governance and Communication, Communication University of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Youxing Lang
- Department of Political Science, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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26
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Khaing M, Saw YM, Than TM, Mon AM, Cho SM, Saw TN, Kariya T, Yamamoto E, Hamajima N. Geographic distribution and utilisation of CT and MRI services at public hospitals in Myanmar. BMC Health Serv Res 2020; 20:742. [PMID: 32787832 PMCID: PMC7424658 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-05610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is important for patient care. However, the geographic distribution and utilisation of these machines in countries with limited resources, such as Myanmar, have not been sufficiently studied. Therefore, this study aims to identify the geographic distribution and utilisation of CT and MRI services at public hospitals in Myanmar. METHODS This nationwide, cross-sectional study was conducted at 43 public hospitals in Myanmar. Data were collected retrospectively using a prepared form from 1st January 2015 to 31st December 2017 at public hospitals in Myanmar. A descriptive analysis was performed to calculate the number of CT and MRI units per million population in each state and region of Myanmar. The distribution of CT and MRI units was assessed using the Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient, which are indicators of inequality in distribution. RESULTS In total, 45 CT and 14 MRI units had been installed in public hospitals in Myanmar by 2017. In total, 205,570 CT examinations and 18,981 MRI examinations have been performed within the study period. CT units per million population in 2017 varied from 0.30 in Rakhine State to 3.22 in Kayah State. However, MRI units were available only in public hospitals in five states/regions. The Gini coefficient for CT and MRI was 0.35 and 0.69, respectively. An upward trend in the utilisation rate of CT and MRI was also observed during the study period, especially among patients aged between 36 and 65 years. CONCLUSIONS Throughout Myanmar, CT units were more equally distributed than MRI units. CT and MRI units were mostly concentrated in the Yangon and Mandalay Regions, where the population density is higher. The geographic distribution and utilisation rate of CT and MRI units varied among states, regions, and patients' age group. However, the utilisation rates of CT and MRI increased annually in all states and regions during the review period. The Ministry of Health and Sports in Myanmar should consider the utilisation and population coverage of CT and MRI as an important factor when there will be procurement of those medical equipment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moe Khaing
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.,Medical Care Division, Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Health and Sports, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Yu Mon Saw
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan. .,Nagoya University Asian Satellite Campuses Institute, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Thet Mon Than
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.,Medical Care Division, Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Health and Sports, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Aye Myat Mon
- Medical Care Division, Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Health and Sports, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Su Myat Cho
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Thu Nandar Saw
- Department of Community and Global Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuyoshi Kariya
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.,Nagoya University Asian Satellite Campuses Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eiko Yamamoto
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hamajima
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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27
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Shu L, Liang J, Xun W, Yang H, Lu T. Prediction for the Total MRI Burden of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease With Retinal Microvascular Abnormalities in Ischemic Stroke/TIA Patients. Front Neurol 2020; 11:268. [PMID: 32373049 PMCID: PMC7177024 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: The association of retinal microvascular abnormalities with the total cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) burden found on brain MRI has not been determined. In the present study, we examined whether the retinopathy score could predict the total cSVD burden in ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients. A simple practical diagnostic tool may help identify candidates for MRI screening. Methods: We consecutively collected clinical data including retinal photography and cerebral MRI of ischemic stroke/TIA patients from August 2016 to August 2017 at our stroke center. The retinopathy score was assessed by the Keith-Wagener-Barker grading system for analyzing retinal microvascular abnormalities. To evaluate the total cSVD burden, the total cSVD score was assessed by awarding one point for the presence of each marker of cSVD on MRI. The clinical characteristics and retinopathy score were analyzed across patients for each total cSVD score. The association between the retinopathy score and the total cSVD score was analyzed. Results: Among the 263 enrolled patients, the frequency of hypertension in patients with a total cSVD score of 2, 3, or 4 was higher than that in patients with a score of 0 (69.5, 71.7, and 89.2% vs. 45.2% respectively, all P < 0.05). The retinopathy score was related to the total cSVD score (r = 0.687, P < 0.001). Adjusted multivariate ordinal regression showed that the retinopathy score was independently correlated with the total cSVD score (odds ratio [OR], 4.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.07–5.70) after adjustment for age, history of hypertension, previous stroke/TIA and current smoking. The c statistics were 0.30 (95% CI, 0.24–0.37; P < 0.05), 0.46 (95% CI, 0.39–0.53; P = 0.303), 0.79 (95% CI, 0.72–0.86; P < 0.001), and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.74–0.88; P < 0.001) for predicting the total cSVD score of 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively. Conclusions: These results suggest that retinal microvascular abnormalities have predictive value for severe total cSVD burden in ischemic stroke/TIA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Shu
- Department of Neurology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Liang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiquan Xun
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
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