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Cao X, Chen Y, Chen Y, Jiang M. The Role of Tripartite Motif Family Proteins in Chronic Liver Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1038. [PMID: 39199424 PMCID: PMC11352684 DOI: 10.3390/biom14081038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The worldwide impact of liver diseases is increasing steadily, with a consistent upswing evidenced in incidence and mortality rates. Chronic liver diseases (CLDs) refer to the liver function's progressive deterioration exceeding six months, which includes abnormal clotting factors, detoxification failure, and hepatic cholestasis. The most common etiologies of CLDs are mainly composed of chronic viral hepatitis, MAFLD/MASH, alcoholic liver disease, and genetic factors, which induce inflammation and harm to the liver, ultimately resulting in cirrhosis, the irreversible final stage of CLDs. The latest research has shown that tripartite motif family proteins (TRIMs) function as E3 ligases, which participate in the progression of CLDs by regulating gene and protein expression levels through post-translational modification. In this review, our objective is to clarify the molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets of TRIMs in CLDs and provide insights for therapy guidelines and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwen Cao
- The Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330031, China;
| | - Yinni Chen
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330031, China;
| | - Yuanli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Major Metabolic Diseases, Nutritional Regulation of Anhui Department of Education, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230002, China;
| | - Meixiu Jiang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330031, China;
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Schäfer A, Marzi A, Furuyama W, Catanzaro NJ, Nguyen C, Haddock E, Feldmann F, Meade-White K, Thomas T, Hubbard ML, Gully KL, Leist SR, Hock P, Bell TA, De la Cruz GE, Midkiff BR, Martinez DR, Shaw GD, Miller DR, Vernon MJ, Graham RL, Cowley DO, Montgomery SA, Schughart K, de Villena FPM, Wilkerson GK, Ferris MT, Feldmann H, Baric RS. Mapping of susceptibility loci for Ebola virus pathogenesis in mice. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114127. [PMID: 38652660 PMCID: PMC11348656 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV), a major global health concern, causes severe, often fatal EBOV disease (EVD) in humans. Host genetic variation plays a critical role, yet the identity of host susceptibility loci in mammals remains unknown. Using genetic reference populations, we generate an F2 mapping cohort to identify host susceptibility loci that regulate EVD. While disease-resistant mice display minimal pathogenesis, susceptible mice display severe liver pathology consistent with EVD-like disease and transcriptional signatures associated with inflammatory and liver metabolic processes. A significant quantitative trait locus (QTL) for virus RNA load in blood is identified in chromosome (chr)8, and a severe clinical disease and mortality QTL is mapped to chr7, which includes the Trim5 locus. Using knockout mice, we validate the Trim5 locus as one potential driver of liver failure and mortality after infection. The identification of susceptibility loci provides insight into molecular genetic mechanisms regulating EVD progression and severity, potentially informing therapeutics and vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Andrea Marzi
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.
| | - Wakako Furuyama
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Nicholas J Catanzaro
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Cameron Nguyen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Elaine Haddock
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Friederike Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Kimberly Meade-White
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Tina Thomas
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Miranda L Hubbard
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kendra L Gully
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sarah R Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Pablo Hock
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Timothy A Bell
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Gabriela E De la Cruz
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bentley R Midkiff
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - David R Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ginger D Shaw
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Darla R Miller
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michael J Vernon
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Rachel L Graham
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dale O Cowley
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Animal Models Core Facility, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Stephanie A Montgomery
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Klaus Schughart
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Institute of Virology, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Fernando Pardo Manuel de Villena
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Gregory K Wilkerson
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Martin T Ferris
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Chen J, Zhang R, Li F, Lin S, Wang J. Integrated analysis and validation of TRIM23/p53 signaling pathway in hepatic stellate cells ferroptosis and liver fibrosis. Dig Liver Dis 2024; 56:281-290. [PMID: 37495427 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tripartite motif containing proteins 23(TRIM23) is identified as an E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in signal transduction, but its role in liver fibrosis remains unknown. AIMS To investigate the effects and mechanisms of TRIM23 on hepatic stellate cells(HSCs) ferroptosis and liver fibrosis. METHODS We utilized the Gene Expression Omibus database to identify differentially expressed genes and downstream pathways. TRIM23 expression was examined in fibrotic liver tissues. The effects of TRIM23 on HSCs ferroptosis were validated through assessing cell viability, lipid peroxidation, and ferroptotic markers using HSC-T6 cell lines and primary rat HSCs. Co-immunoprecipitation assays were conducted to analyze the interactions between TRIM23 and p53. A CCl4-induced liver fibrosis rat model was employed to confirm the in vivo effects. RESULTS TRIM23 expression was positively correlated with the severity of liver fibrosis. Upregulated TRIM23 expression promoted HSCs viability and activation by attenuating ferroptosis. Furthermore, the upregulation of TRIM23 expression significantly enhanced p53 ubiquitination. In contrast, TRIM23 knockdown induced HSCs ferroptosis by regulating p53, leading to the suppression of cell viability and activation. Silencing TRIM23 led to the regression of liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 treatment in vivo. CONCLUSION Our study uncovers a novel mechanism in which TRIM23 inhibits HSCs ferroptosis, promotes cell activation and contributes to liver fibrosis by regulating p53 ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, Shanghai, PR China; Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shengli Lin
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, Shanghai, PR China.
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Ren Y, Dong H, Jin R, Jiang J, Zhang X. TRIM22 actives PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway to promote Psoriasis through enhancing cell proliferation and inflammation and inhibiting autophagy. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2022; 41:304-309. [PMID: 36170453 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2022.2127750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To reveal the function and underlying mechanism of Tri-domain protein 22 (TRIM22) in psoriasis. MEHTODS M5 cytokines were applied in HaCat cells to mimic psoriasis in vitro. The TRIM22-silencing virus were established to knockdown of TRIM22 in HaCat cells. Western blot and/or real-time PCR were used to detect the expression of TRIM22, KRT1, KRT6, p-P65, P65, LC3, Beclin 1, P62, p-PI3K, PI3K, p-Akt, Akt, p-mTOR and mTOR. ELISA kits were applied to assess levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-18 and HMGB1. RESULTS TRIM22 expression levels were upregulated in M5-treated HaCat cells. M5 treatment enhanced cell proliferation and inflammation, and inhibited autophagy in HaCat cells which were effectively reversed by TRIM22 deficiency. Activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is an essential promoter of cell proliferation and inflammation, and inhibitor of autophagy in psoriasis. TRIM22 deficiency blocked M5-induced activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in HaCat cells. CONCLUSIONS TRIM22 facilitates cell proliferation and inflammation, and suppresses autophagy in M5-treated HaCat cells through activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, and inhibition of TRIM22 can be a novel potential treatment for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ren
- Department of Dermatology and Venereal Diseases, Hangzhou Lin'an District the First People's Hospital, Hangzhnou, Zhejiang Province, 311300, China
| | - Hailiang Dong
- Department of Dermatology and Venereal Diseases, Hangzhou Lin'an District the First People's Hospital, Hangzhnou, Zhejiang Province, 311300, China
| | - Rujun Jin
- Department of Dermatology and Venereal Diseases, Hangzhou Lin'an District the First People's Hospital, Hangzhnou, Zhejiang Province, 311300, China
| | - Jianxiong Jiang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereal Diseases, Hangzhou Lin'an District the First People's Hospital, Hangzhnou, Zhejiang Province, 311300, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereal Diseases, Hangzhou Lin'an District the First People's Hospital, Hangzhnou, Zhejiang Province, 311300, China
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Raheem Juhi Al-Kaabi N, Khameneh SC, Montazeri M, Mardasi M, Amroabadi JM, Sakhaee F, Fateh A. On the relationship between tripartite motif-containing 22 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and COVID-19 infection severity. Hum Genomics 2022; 16:33. [PMID: 36028902 PMCID: PMC9412778 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-022-00394-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The tripartite motif containing (TRIM)-22 participates in innate immune responses and exhibits antiviral activities. The present study aimed to assess of the relationship between TRIM22 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and clinical parameters with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection severity.
Methods TRIM22 polymorphisms (rs7113258, rs7935564, and rs1063303) were genotyped using TaqMan polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay in 495 dead and 497 improved severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-positive patients.
Results In this study, the frequencies of TRIM22 rs1063303 GG, rs7935564 GG, and rs7113258 TT were significantly higher in dead patients than in improved patients, and higher viral load with low PCR Ct value was noticed in dead patients. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the lower levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol, PCR Ct value, and lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and also higher levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and TRIM22 rs1063303 GG, rs7113258 TT, and rs3824949 GG genotypes were related to the COVID-19 infection severity.
Conclusion Our finding proved the probable relationship between the COVID-19 infection severity with the genotypes of TRIM22 SNPs and clinical parameters. More research is required worldwide to show the association between the COVID-19 infection severity and host genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohadeseh Montazeri
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Research Center, National Institute of Genetic, Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Mardasi
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C, Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Sakhaee
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Fateh
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. .,Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhang Y, Ye S, Lu W, Zhong J, Leng Y, Yang T, Luo J, Xu W, Zhang H, Kong L. RNA helicase DEAD-box protein 5 alleviates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis progression via tethering TSC complex and suppressing mTORC1 signaling. Hepatology 2022; 77:1670-1687. [PMID: 35796622 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its progressive form, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), are rapidly becoming the top causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Currently, there are no approved therapies for the treatment of NASH. DEAD-box protein 5 (DDX5) plays important roles in different cellular processes. However, the precise role of DDX5 in NASH remains unclear. APPROACH AND RESULTS DDX5 expression was downregulated in patients with NASH, mouse models with diet-induced NASH (high-fat diet [HFD], methionine- and choline-deficient diet, and choline-deficient HFD), mouse models with NASH-HCC (diethylnitrosamine with HFD), and palmitic acid-stimulated hepatocytes. Adeno-associated virus-mediated DDX5 overexpression ameliorates hepatic steatosis and inflammation, whereas its deletion worsens such pathology. The untargeted metabolomics analysis was carried out to investigate the mechanism of DDX5 in NASH and NASH-HCC, which suggested the regulatory effect of DDX5 on lipid metabolism. DDX5 inhibits mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation by recruiting the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)1/2 complex to mTORC1, thus improving lipid metabolism and attenuating the NACHT-, leucine-rich-repeat (LRR)-, and pyrin domain (PYD)-containing protein 3 inflammasome activation. We further identified that the phytochemical compound hyperforcinol K directly interacted with DDX5 and prevented its ubiquitinated degradation mediated by ubiquitin ligase (E3) tripartite motif protein 5, thereby significantly reducing lipid accumulation and inflammation in a NASH mouse model. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide mechanistic insight into the role of DDX5 in mTORC1 regulation and NASH progression, as well as suggest a number of targets and a promising lead compound for therapeutic interventions against NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengtao Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weijia Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiawen Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingrong Leng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjun Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Genetic Associations and Differential mRNA Expression Levels of Host Genes Suggest a Viral Trigger for Endemic Pemphigus Foliaceus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050879. [PMID: 35632621 PMCID: PMC9144834 DOI: 10.3390/v14050879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The long search for the environmental trigger of the endemic pemphigus foliaceus (EPF, fogo selvagem) has not yet resulted in any tangible findings. Here, we searched for genetic associations and the differential expression of host genes involved in early viral infections and innate antiviral defense. Genetic variants could alter the structure, expression sites, or levels of the gene products, impacting their functions. By analyzing 3063 variants of 166 candidate genes in 227 EPF patients and 194 controls, we found 12 variants within 11 genes associated with differential susceptibility (p < 0.005) to EPF. The products of genes TRIM5, TPCN2, EIF4E, EIF4E3, NUP37, NUP50, NUP88, TPR, USP15, IRF8, and JAK1 are involved in different mechanisms of viral control, for example, the regulation of viral entry into the host cell or recognition of viral nucleic acids and proteins. Only two of nine variants were also associated in an independent German cohort of sporadic PF (75 patients, 150 controls), aligning with our hypothesis that antiviral host genes play a major role in EPF due to a specific virus−human interaction in the endemic region. Moreover, CCL5, P4HB, and APOBEC3G mRNA levels were increased (p < 0.001) in CD4+ T lymphocytes of EPF patients. Because there is limited or no evidence that these genes are involved in autoimmunity, their crucial role in antiviral responses and the associations that we observed support the hypothesis of a viral trigger for EPF, presumably a still unnoticed flavivirus. This work opens new frontiers in searching for the trigger of EPF, with the potential to advance translational research that aims for disease prevention and treatment.
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Boswell MT, Yindom LM, Hameiri-Bowen D, McHugh G, Dauya E, Bandason T, Mujuru H, Esbjörnsson J, Ferrand RA, Rowland-Jones S. TRIM22 genotype is not associated with markers of disease progression in children with HIV-1 infection. AIDS 2021; 35:2445-2450. [PMID: 34870928 PMCID: PMC7614957 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Untreated perinatal HIV-1 infection is often associated with rapid disease progression in children with HIV (CWH), characterized by high viral loads and early mortality. TRIM22 is a host restriction factor, which directly inhibits HIV-1 transcription, and its genotype variation is associated with disease progression in adults. We tested the hypothesis that TRIM22 genotype is associated with disease progression in CWH. DESIGN ART-naive CWH, aged 6-16 years, were recruited from primary care clinics in Harare, Zimbabwe. We performed a candidate gene association study of TRIM22 genotype and haplotypes with markers of disease progression and indicators of advanced disease. METHODS TRIM22 exons three and four were sequenced by Sanger sequencing and single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with markers of disease progression (CD4+ T-cell count and HIV viral load) and clinical indicators of advanced HIV disease (presence of stunting and chronic diarrhoea). Associations were tested using multivariate linear and logistic regression models. RESULTS A total of 241 children, median age 11.4 years, 50% female, were included. Stunting was present in 16% of participants. Five SNPs were analyzed including rs7935564, rs2291842, rs78484876, rs1063303 and rs61735273. The median CD4+ count was 342 (IQR: 195-533) cells/μl and median HIV-1 viral load 34 199 (IQR: 8211-90 662) IU/ml. TRIM22 genotype and haplotypes were not associated with CD4+ T-cell count, HIV-1 viral load, stunting or chronic diarrhoea. CONCLUSION TRIM22 genotype was not associated with markers of HIV disease progression markers or advanced disease in CWH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Grace McHugh
- Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Zimbabwe
| | - Ethel Dauya
- Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Zimbabwe
| | | | - Hilda Mujuru
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe
| | - Joakim Esbjörnsson
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, UK
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Rashida A Ferrand
- Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Zimbabwe
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
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TRIM proteins in fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112340. [PMID: 34678729 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is an outcome of tissue repair after different types of injuries. The homeostasis of extracellular matrix is broken, and excessive deposition occurs, affecting the normal function of tissues and organs, which could become prostrated in serious cases.Finding a suitable target to regulate the repair process and reduce the damage caused by fibrosis is a hot research topic at present. The TRIM family is number of one of the E3 ubiquitin ligase subfamilies and participates in various biological processes including intracellular signal transduction, apoptosis, autophagy, and immunity by regulating the ubiquitination of target proteins. For the past few years, the important role of TRIM in the occurrence and development of fibrosis has been gradually revealed. In this review, we focus on the recent emerging topics on TRIM proteins in the regulation of fibrosis, fibrosis-related cytokines and pathways.
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Meng K, Fang C. Knockdown of Tripartite motif-containing 22 (TRIM22)relieved the apoptosis of lens epithelial cells by suppressing the expression of TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6). Bioengineered 2021; 12:7213-7222. [PMID: 34558381 PMCID: PMC8806417 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1980645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cataract is a disease that causes severe visual impairment in patients. Recent studies have found that lens epithelial cell apoptosis caused by oxidative damage is the critical cause of cataract. Moreover, TRIM22 could alleviate the ubiquitination of TRAF6. The expression of TRAF6 could activate the p38/MAPK pathway and aggravate the oxidative stress induced damage of lens epithelial cells. However, whether the TRIM22 could alleviate the oxidative stress induced damage of lens epithelial cells by regulating the expression of TRAF6 and p38/MAPK pathway is unclear. In this study, we stimulated the lens epithelial cells with the H2O2 and established the TRIM22 knockdown cells. Next, proliferation of these cells was determined by CCK-8 and EdU assays. Apoptosis of these cells was detected with the TUNEL assays. Levels of ROS was explored with the DCFH-DA staining. Finally, the expression levels of TRAF6, p-p38 and p-ERK were determined with the western blotting. According to the results, we found that knockdown of TRIM22 suppressed the proliferation and relieved the H2O2 induced DNA double-strand break and apoptosis of these cells. Inhibition of TRIM22 inhibited the production of ROS in these cells. Moreover, restriction of TRIM22 induced the decreased levels of TRAF6, p-p38 and p-ERK in lens epithelial cells. We concluded that inhibition of TRIM22 relieved the apoptosis of lens epithelial cells by suppressing the expression of TRAF6, p-p38 and p-ERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fuyang Futian Eye Hospital, Fuyang, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chengbo Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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Human TRIM5α: Autophagy Connects Cell-Intrinsic HIV-1 Restriction and Innate Immune Sensor Functioning. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020320. [PMID: 33669846 PMCID: PMC7923229 DOI: 10.3390/v13020320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) persists as a global health concern, with an incidence rate of approximately 2 million, and estimated global prevalence of over 35 million. Combination antiretroviral treatment is highly effective, but HIV-1 patients that have been treated still suffer from chronic inflammation and residual viral replication. It is therefore paramount to identify therapeutically efficacious strategies to eradicate viral reservoirs and ultimately develop a cure for HIV-1. It has been long accepted that the restriction factor tripartite motif protein 5 isoform alpha (TRIM5α) restricts HIV-1 infection in a species-specific manner, with rhesus macaque TRIM5α strongly restricting HIV-1, and human TRIM5α having a minimal restriction capacity. However, several recent studies underscore human TRIM5α as a cell-dependent HIV-1 restriction factor. Here, we present an overview of the latest research on human TRIM5α and propose a novel conceptualization of TRIM5α as a restriction factor with a varied portfolio of antiviral functions, including mediating HIV-1 degradation through autophagy- and proteasome-mediated mechanisms, and acting as a viral sensor and effector of antiviral signaling. We have also expanded on the protective antiviral roles of autophagy and outline the therapeutic potential of autophagy modulation to intervene in chronic HIV-1 infection.
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Amanya SB, Nyiro B, Waswa F, Obura B, Nakaziba R, Nabulime E, Katabazi AF, Nabatanzi R, Bayiyana A, Mboowa G, Kayongo A, Wayengera M, Sande OJ. Variations in Trim5α and Cyclophilin A genes among HIV-1 elite controllers and non controllers in Uganda: a laboratory-based cross-sectional study. Retrovirology 2020; 17:19. [PMID: 32631377 PMCID: PMC7339491 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-020-00527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tripartite Motif Containing 5 alpha (TRIM5α), a restriction factor produced ubiquitously in cells and tissues of the body plays an important role in the immune response against HIV. TRIM5α targets the HIV capsid for proteosomal destruction. Cyclophilin A, an intracellular protein has also been reported to influence HIV infectivity in a cell-specific manner. Accordingly, variations in TRIM5α and Cyclophilin A genes have been documented to influence HIV-1 disease progression. However, these variations have not been documented among Elite controllers in Uganda and whether they play a role in viral suppression remains largely undocumented. Our study focused on identifying the variations in TRIM5α and Cyclophilin A genes among HIV-1 Elite controllers and non-controllers in Uganda. RESULTS From the sequence analysis, the rs10838525 G > A mutation in exon 2 of TRIM5α was only found among elite controllers (30%) while the rs3824949 in the 5'UTR was seen among 25% of the non-controllers. In the Cyclophilin A promoter, rs6850 was seen among 62.5% of the non-controllers and only among 10% elite controllers. Furthermore, rs17860048 in the Cyclophillin A promoter was predominantly seen among elite controllers (30%) and 12.5% non-controllers. From gene expression analysis, we noted that the respective genes were generally elevated among elite controllers, however, this difference was not statistically significant (TRIM5α p = 0.6095; Cyclophilin A p = 0.6389). CONCLUSION Variations in TRIM5α and Cyclophillin A promoter may influence HIV viral suppression. The rs10838525 SNP in TRIM5α may contribute to viral suppression among HIV-1 elite controllers. The rs6850 in the cyclophillin A gene may be responsible for HIV-1 rapid progression among HIV-1 non-controllers. These SNPs should be investigated mechanistically to determine their precise role in HIV-1 viral suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Bright Amanya
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Lira University, Lira, Uganda ,grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Brian Nyiro
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Francis Waswa
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | - Eva Nabulime
- grid.436163.50000 0004 0648 1108Center for AIDS Research (CFAR) Lab, Joint Clinical Research Center, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ashaba Fred Katabazi
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rose Nabatanzi
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Alice Bayiyana
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Gerald Mboowa
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda ,grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548The African Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Data Intensive Sciences, the Infectious Diseases Institute, McKinnell Knowledge Centre, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Alex Kayongo
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Makerere University Lung Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Misaki Wayengera
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Obondo J. Sande
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
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13
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Chen VL, Chen Y, Du X, Handelman SK, Speliotes EK. Genetic variants that associate with cirrhosis have pleiotropic effects on human traits. Liver Int 2020; 40:405-415. [PMID: 31815349 PMCID: PMC7395656 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cirrhosis is characterized by extensive fibrosis of the liver and is a major cause of liver-related mortality. Cirrhosis is partially heritable but genetic contributions to cirrhosis have not been systemically explored. Here, we carry out association analyses with cirrhosis in two large biobanks and determine the effects of cirrhosis associated variants on multiple human disease/traits. METHODS We carried out a genome-wide association analysis of cirrhosis as a diagnosis in UK BioBank (UKBB; 1088 cases vs. 407 873 controls) and then tested top-associating loci for replication with cirrhosis in a hospital-based cohort from the Michigan Genomics Initiative (MGI; 875 cases of cirrhosis vs. 30 346 controls). For replicating variants or variants previously associated with cirrhosis that also affected cirrhosis in UKBB or MGI, we determined single nucleotide polymorphism effects on all other diagnoses in UKBB (PheWAS), common metabolic traits/diseases and serum/plasma metabolites. RESULTS Unbiased genome-wide association study identified variants in/near PNPLA3 and HFE, and candidate variant analysis identified variants in/near TM6SF2, MBOAT7, SERPINA1, HSD17B13, STAT4 and IFNL4 that reproducibly affected cirrhosis. Most affected liver enzyme concentrations and/or aspartate transaminase-to-platelet ratio index. PheWAS, metabolic trait and serum/plasma metabolite association analyses revealed effects of these variants on lipid, inflammatory and other processes including new effects on many human diseases and traits. CONCLUSIONS We identified eight loci that reproducibly associate with population-based cirrhosis and define their diverse effects on human diseases and traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent L. Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xiaomeng Du
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Samuel K. Handelman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elizabeth K. Speliotes
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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14
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Naveed M, Ali A, Sheikh N, Rafique S, Idrees M. Expression of TRIM22 mRNA in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with direct-acting antiviral drugs. APMIS 2020; 128:326-334. [PMID: 31863490 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C is a global public health problem, and Pakistan is the second largest country in the globe with highest prevalence rate of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Until 2014, pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) plus ribavirin (RBV) has been the standard therapy for HCV, however, owing to its adverse side effects and very low sustained virologic response (SVR) rates therapeutics trend is shifted toward direct-acting antivirals. Tripartite motif containing 22 (TRIM22) is a dynamic antiviral protein that can inhibit multiple viruses in vivo. Expression of TRIM22 mRNA has been linked to outcome of PEG-IFN and ribavirin therapy, where its higher expression leads to rapid virus clearance. However, in terms of therapy with direct-acting antiviral (DAA) or double DAA, impact of TRIM22 expression is largely unknown. These new drugs show more than 90% of SVR rates and lesser side effects and have proven to be better than IFN therapy. Endogenous IFN system suppresses various pathogens through the induction of antiviral effectors termed as interferon-stimulating genes (ISGs). We have studied the expression levels of one of these antiviral effectors, TRIM22 in response to sofosbuvir (SOF) and daclatasvir (DAC) in combination with RBV, using quantitative PCR in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HCV-infected patients. We have observed sustained virus clearance in more than 90% of patients treated with DAA and double DAA and have seen the expression of TRIM22 to be higher in patients who attained SVR as compared to the untreated patients. We have also observed downregulation of TRIM22 in patients who failed to attain rapid virus clearance, and upregulation in those who achieved rapid clearance of virus. Genetic factors that determine the lower TRIM22 expression in these patients are needed to be explored that may also play a role in lower response to anti-HCV therapy. Endogenous IFN system and effects of antiviral proteins in response to DAA therapy is needed to be studied in order to better understand the host response toward these drugs to make them more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Naveed
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- Department of Genetics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Sheikh
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Rafique
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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15
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Chen X, Su J, Feng J, Cheng L, Li Q, Qiu C, Zheng Q. TRIM72 contributes to cardiac fibrosis via regulating STAT3/Notch-1 signaling. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:17749-17756. [PMID: 30820965 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a pathophysiological process characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. We developed a cardiac hypertrophy model using transverse aortic constriction (TAC) to uncover mechanisms relevant to excessive deposition of extracellular matrix in mouse myocardial cells. TAC caused upregulation of Tripartite motif protein 72 (TRIM72), a tripartite motif-containing protein that is critical for proliferation and migration. Importantly, in vivo silencing of TRIM72 reversed TAC-induced cardiac fibrosis, as indicated by markedly increased left ventricular systolic pressure and decreased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. TRIM72 knockdown also attenuated deposition of fibrosis marker collagen type I and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). In an in vitro study, TRIM72 was similarly upregulated in cardiac fibroblasts. Knockdown of TRIM72 markedly suppressed collagen type I and α-SMA expression and significantly decreased the proliferation and migration of cardiac fibroblasts. However, TRIM72 overexpression markedly increased collagen type I and α-SMA expression and increased the proliferation and migration of cardiac fibroblasts. Further study demonstrated that TRIM72 increased phosphorylated STAT3 in cardiac fibroblasts. TRIM72 knockdown in cardiac fibroblasts resulted in increased expression of Notch ligand Jagged-1 and its downstream gene and Notch-1 intracellular domain. Inhibition of Notch-1 abrogated sh-TRIM72-induced cardiac fibrosis. Together, our results support a novel role for TRIM72 in maintaining fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition and suppressing fibroblast growth by regulating the STAT3/Notch-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Su
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianyu Feng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chen Qiu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qijun Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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16
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Mobasheri S, Irani N, Sepahi AA, Sakhaee F, Jamnani FR, Vaziri F, Siadat SD, Fateh A. Evaluation of TRIM5 and TRIM22 polymorphisms on treatment responses in Iranian patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Gene 2018; 676:95-100. [PMID: 30017737 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The tripartite motif (TRIM)-5 and TRIM22 are involved in innate immune response and show anti-viral activities. The current study aimed at evaluating the association of TRIM5 and TRIM22 polymorphisms with treatment outcomes in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (CHC). TRIM5 rs3824949 and TRIM22 polymorphisms (rs7113258, rs7935564, and rs1063303) were genotyped using TaqMan polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay in 425 treatment-naïve CHC patients. Rapid virological response (RVR), early virological response (EVR), and sustained virological response (SVR) were found in 54.1%, 74.8%, and 67.1% of the patients, respectively. RVR and SVR were associated with TRIM5 rs3824949 (GG), TRIM22 rs1063303 (GC), and TRIM22 rs7113258 (AA), while there was a relationship between TRIM5 rs3824949 (GG) and EVR. TRIM5 and TRIM22 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were strongly associated with increased odds of RVR, EVR, and SVR after an interferon-based therapy in patients with CHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setareh Mobasheri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Irani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Akhavan Sepahi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sakhaee
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahimi Jamnani
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzam Vaziri
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Fateh
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins are a versatile family of ubiquitin E3 ligases involved in a multitude of cellular processes. Studies in recent years have demonstrated that many TRIM proteins play central roles in the host defense against viral infection. While some TRIM proteins directly antagonize distinct steps in the viral life cycle, others regulate signal transduction pathways induced by innate immune sensors, thereby modulating antiviral cytokine responses. Furthermore, TRIM proteins have been implicated in virus-induced autophagy and autophagy-mediated viral clearance. Given the important role of TRIM proteins in antiviral restriction, it is not surprising that several viruses have evolved effective maneuvers to neutralize the antiviral action of specific TRIM proteins. Here, we describe the major antiviral mechanisms of TRIM proteins as well as viral strategies to escape TRIM-mediated host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel van Gent
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA; , ,
| | - Konstantin M J Sparrer
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA; , ,
| | - Michaela U Gack
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA; , ,
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18
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Vicenzi E, Poli G. The interferon-stimulated gene TRIM22: A double-edged sword in HIV-1 infection. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 40:40-47. [PMID: 29650252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Infection of target cells by the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) is hampered by constitutively expressed host cell proteins preventing or curtailing virus replication and therefore defined as "restriction factors". Among them, members of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family have emerged as important players endowed with both antiviral effects and modulatory capacity of the innate immune response. TRIM5α and TRIM19 (i.e. promyelocytic leukemia, PML) are among the best-characterized family members; however, in this review we will focus on the potential role of another family member, i.e. TRIM22, a factor strongly induced by interferon stimulation, in HIV infection in vivo and in vitro in the context of its broader antiviral effects. We will also focus on the potential role of TRIM22 in HIV-1-infected individuals speculating on its dual role in controlling virus replication and more complex role in chronic infection. At the molecular levels, we will review the evidence in favor of a relevant role of TRIM22 as epigenetic inhibitor of HIV-1 transcription acting by preventing the binding of the host cell transcription factor Sp1 to the viral promoter. These evidences suggest that TRIM22 should be considered a potential new player in either the establishment or maintenance of HIV-1 reservoirs of latently infected cells unaffected by combination antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Vicenzi
- Viral Pathogens and Biosafety Unit, P2-P3 Laboratories, DIBIT, Via Olgettina n. 58, 20132, Milano, Italy.
| | - Guido Poli
- AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy
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Martín-Vicente M, Medrano LM, Resino S, García-Sastre A, Martínez I. TRIM25 in the Regulation of the Antiviral Innate Immunity. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1187. [PMID: 29018447 PMCID: PMC5614919 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
TRIM25 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase enzyme that is involved in various cellular processes, including regulation of the innate immune response against viruses. TRIM25-mediated ubiquitination of the cytosolic pattern recognition receptor RIG-I is an essential step for initiation of the intracellular antiviral response and has been thoroughly documented. In recent years, however, additional roles of TRIM25 in early innate immunity are emerging, including negative regulation of RIG-I, activation of the melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5–mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein–TRAF6 antiviral axis and modulation of p53 levels and activity. In addition, the ability of TRIM25 to bind RNA may uncover new mechanisms by which this molecule regulates intracellular signaling and/or RNA virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Martín-Vicente
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luz M Medrano
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador Resino
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Isidoro Martínez
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Lian Q, Sun B. Interferons command Trim22 to fight against viruses. Cell Mol Immunol 2017; 14:794-796. [PMID: 28782753 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoshi Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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