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Taheri M, Saad HB, Washif JA, Reynoso-Sánchez LF, Mirmoezzi M, Youzbashi L, Trabelsi K, Moshtagh M, Muñoz-Helú H, Mataruna-Dos-Santos LJ, Seghatoleslami A, Torabi F, Soylu Y, Kurt C, Vancini RL, Delkash S, Rezaei MS, Ashouri M, Tahira S, Sayyah M, Chtourou H, Dergaa I, Strahler J, Guimarães-Mataruna AF, Lebaron TW, Ezdini ES, Alizade A, Zouhal H, Tarnava AT, Clark C, Bigdeli N, Ammar A, Eken Ö, Ayed KB, Bragazzi NL, Nobari H, Thuany M, Weiss K, Knechtle B, Irandoust K. Comparative Study of the Long-Term Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health and Nutritional Practices Among International Elite and Sub-Elite Athletes: A Sample of 1420 Participants from 14 Countries. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2023; 9:104. [PMID: 37938473 PMCID: PMC10632320 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00653-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although several studies have shown that the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown has had negative impacts on mental health and eating behaviors among the general population and athletes, few studies have examined the long-term effects on elite and sub-elite athletes. The present study aimed to investigate the long-term impact of COVID-19 lockdown on mental health and eating behaviors in elite versus sub-elite athletes two years into the pandemic. A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted between March and April 2022, involving athletes from 14 countries, using a convenient non-probabilistic and snowball sampling method. A total of 1420 athletes (24.5 ± 7.9 years old, 569 elites, 35% women, and 851 sub-elites, 45% women) completed an online survey-based questionnaire. The questionnaire included a sociodemographic survey, information about the COVID-19 pandemic, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21) for mental health assessment, and the Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants (REAP-S) for assessing eating behavior. RESULTS The results showed that compared to sub-elite athletes, elite athletes had lower scores on the DASS-21 (p = .001) and its subscales of depression (p = .003), anxiety (p = .007), and stress (p < .001), as well as a lower REAP-S score indicating lower diet quality (p = .013). CONCLUSION In conclusion, two years into the pandemic, elite athletes were likelier to have better mental health profiles than sub-elite athletes but surprisingly had lower diet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Taheri
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences in Sports, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Helmi Ben Saad
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Laboratory "Heart Failure, LR12SP09", Farhat HACHED Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Jad Adrian Washif
- Sports Performance Division, Institut Sukan Negara Malaysia (National Sports Institute of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Masoud Mirmoezzi
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Youzbashi
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mozhgan Moshtagh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Faculty of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Hussein Muñoz-Helú
- Department of Economic-Administrative Sciences, Autonomous University of Occident, Los Mochis, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Yusuf Soylu
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Türkiye
| | - Cem Kurt
- Kirkpinar Sport Sciences Faculty, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Rodrigo Luiz Vancini
- Center for Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - Marjan Sadat Rezaei
- Department of Sport Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mahdi Ashouri
- Department of Sports Physiology, University of Mazandran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Shazia Tahira
- Department of Psychology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mansour Sayyah
- Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ismail Dergaa
- Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Research Unit Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jana Strahler
- Sportpsychology, Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Tyler W Lebaron
- Department of Kinesiology and Outdoor Recreation, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, UT, USA
- Molecular Hydrogen Institute, Enoch, UT, USA
| | | | - Ardeshir Alizade
- School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé, University Rennes, Rennes, France
- Institute International Des Sciences du Sport, Irodouer, France
| | | | - Cain Clark
- Faculty of Health, Education, and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nooshin Bigdeli
- Control Engineering Department, Faculty of Technical and Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Özgür Eken
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Teaching, Inonu University, 44000, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Karim Ben Ayed
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Kef. University of Jendouba, El Kef, Tunisia
- Sport Sciences, Health and Movement (2SHM) Laboratory, El Kef, Tunisia
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Hadi Nobari
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Mabliny Thuany
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Katja Weiss
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, Vadianstrasse 26, 9001, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Khadijeh Irandoust
- Department of Sport Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
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Vento KA, Delgado F, Skinner J, Wardenaar FC. Funding and college-provided nutritional resources on diet quality among female athletes. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:1732-1739. [PMID: 34379567 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1947301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ObjectiveTo examine funding and college-provided nutritional resources and to assess whether these are associated with diet quality and subsequent dietitian referral among female collegiate athletes of different sports levels. Participants: Female athletes (N = 120) from NCAA, NJCAA, and Club sports. Methods: Differences in questionnaire-based demographics, diet quality, and dietitian referrals were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-Square tests, with p < 0.05. Factors associated with diet quality and dietitian referral were examined using regression. Results: NCAA reported more funding than Club and NJCAA (p < 0.05). NJCAA expressed insufficient funds for purchasing food and reported fewer college-provided nutritional resources (p < 0.05) while showing lower diet quality scores and higher subsequent dietitian referrals than NCAA and Club. No significant associations for dietary quality and dietitian referrals were found. Conclusions: Athletes across all sports levels reported insufficient funds for purchasing food and low diet quality, with NJCAA, showing the least funding and fewest nutritional resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaila A Vento
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Ferdinand Delgado
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Jensen Skinner
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Floris C Wardenaar
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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3
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Helvacı G, Uçar A, Çelebi MM, Çetinkaya H, Gündüz AZ. Effect of a Mediterranean-style diet on the exercise performance and lactate elimination on adolescent athletes. Nutr Res Pract 2023; 17:762-779. [PMID: 37529265 PMCID: PMC10375324 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.4.762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Mediterranean diet is an environmentally friendly and healthy diet model. The diet offers many vegetables, fruits, nuts, and olive oil to consumers. In addition, it provides moderate amounts of fish and chicken, smaller quantities of dairy products, red meat, and processed meat. The Mediterranean diet has a high anti-inflammatory and antioxidant content, and it causes many physiological changes that can provide a physical performance advantage. This study examined the effects of a 15-day menu, which was planned using foods with a low acid load within the Mediterranean diet rules, on the exercise performance, lactate elimination, anthropometric measurements, and body composition. SUBJECTS/METHODS Fifteen professional male athletes between the ages of 13 and 18, who were engaged in ski running, were included in the experimental study. Dietary intervention was applied for 15 days. The athlete performances were evaluated by applying the vertical jump test, hand grip strength, 20 meters shuttle run test, and Borg fatigue scale. After the shuttle run test (every 3 min for 30 min), blood was drawn from the finger, and the lactate elimination time was calculated. Performance and lactate measurements, body analysis, and anthropometric measurements were taken before and after dietary intervention. RESULTS The vertical jump height and hand grip strength increased after the intervention (P < 0.05). The test duration, total distance, the number of shuttles, and maximum oxygen consumption parameters of the shuttle run test increased (P < 0.05). After the intervention, the athletes' perceived fatigue scores decreased in several stages of the shuttle run test (P < 0.05). The lactate elimination time and athlete's body composition were similar in repeated measurements (P > 0.05). In the last measurements, the upper middle arm circumference decreased while the height of the athletes increased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results show that the Mediterranean diet is a safe and feasible dietary approach for aerobic performance and strength increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Helvacı
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara 06290, Turkey
| | - Aslı Uçar
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara 06290, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Mesut Çelebi
- Department of Sport Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara 06000, Turkey
| | - Haydar Çetinkaya
- Bolu Youth and Sports Provincial Directorate, Bolu 14000, Turkey
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Taheri M, Irandoust K, Reynoso-Sánchez LF, Muñoz-Helú H, Cruz-Morales KN, Torres-Ramírez R, Mirmoezzi M, Youzbashi L, Mirakhori F, Dergaa I, Vancini RL, Mataruna-Dos-Santos LJ, Korinna Zazueta-Beltrán D, Zouhal H, Morales-Beltrán RA, Soylu Y, Molgado-Sifuentes A, González-Hernández J, Hernández-Cruz G, Bojorquez Castro LB, Kurt C, Trabelsi K, Chtourou H, Seghatoleslami A, López-Camacho MO, Mendoza-Baldenebro RE, Torabi F, Ben Saad H, Washif JA, Strahler J, Guimarães-Mataruna AF, Lebaron TW, Shaabani Ezdini E, Rezaei MS, Moshtagh M, Yagin FH, Gülü M, Esmaeili A, Müller P, Ammar A, Scoditti E, Garbarino S, Puce L, Bragazzi NL, Nobari H. Effects of home confinement on physical activity, nutrition, and sleep quality during the COVID-19 outbreak in amateur and elite athletes. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1143340. [PMID: 37139442 PMCID: PMC10150803 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1143340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite the progress in the management of the pandemic caused by COVID-19, it is necessary to continue exploring and explaining how this situation affected the athlete population around the world to improve their circumstances and reduce the negative impact of changes in their lifestyle conditions that were necessitated due to the pandemic. The aim of this study was to analyze the moderating influence of physical activity (PA) and dietary habits on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic experience on sleep quality in elite and amateur athletes. Materials and methods A total of 1,420 elite (40.1%) and amateur (59.9%) athletes (41% women; 59% men) from 14 different countries participated in a cross-sectional design study. Data were collected using a battery of questionnaires that identified sociodemographic data, sleep quality index, PA levels, dietary habits, and the athletes' perception of their experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Means and standard deviations were calculated for each variable. The analysis of variances and the correlation between variables were carried out with non-parametric statistics. A simple moderation effect was calculated to analyze the interaction between PA or dietary habits on the perception of the COVID-19 experience effect on sleep quality in elite and amateur athletes. Results The PA level of elite athletes was higher than amateur athletes during COVID-19 (p < 0.001). However, the PA level of both categories of athletes was lower during COVID-19 than pre-COVID-19 (p < 0.01). In addition, amateurs had a higher diet quality than elite athletes during the pandemic (p = 0.014). The perception of the COVID-19 experience as controllable was significantly higher (p = 0.020) among elite athletes. In addition, two moderating effects had significant interactions. For amateur athletes, the PA level moderated the effect of controllable COVID-19 experience on sleep quality [F (3,777) = 3.05; p = 0.028], while for elite athletes, the same effect was moderated by dietary habits [F (3,506) = 4.47, p = 0.004]. Conclusion Elite athletes had different lifestyle behaviors compared to amateurs during the COVID-19 lockdown. Furthermore, the relevance of maintaining high levels of PA for amateurs and good quality dietary habits by elite athletes was noted by the moderating effect that both variables had on the influence of the controllable experience during the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Taheri
- Department of Sport Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
- Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Morteza Taheri
| | - Kadijeh Irandoust
- Department of Sport Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
- Institute of Future Studies, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | | | - Hussein Muñoz-Helú
- Department of Economic-Administrative Sciences, Autonomous University of Occident, Los Mochis, Mexico
| | | | - Raymundo Torres-Ramírez
- Department of Economic-Administrative Sciences, Autonomous University of Occident, Los Mochis, Mexico
| | - Masoud Mirmoezzi
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Youzbashi
- Department of sport sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mirakhori
- Department of Sport Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
- Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ismail Dergaa
- Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Research Unit Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rodrigo Luiz Vancini
- Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Hassane Zouhal
- Univ Rennes, M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé) - EA 1274, Rennes, France
- Institute International des Sciences du Sport, Irodouer, France
| | | | - Yusuf Soylu
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Türkiye
| | | | - Juan González-Hernández
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Germán Hernández-Cruz
- Faculty of Sport Organization, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | | | - Cem Kurt
- Kirkpinar Sport Sciences Faculty, Trakya University, Edirne, Türkiye
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Research Unit Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | | | | | - Farnaz Torabi
- Department of Physical Education, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Helmi Ben Saad
- Faculty of Medicine, Farhat Hached Hospital, Research Laboratory “Heart Failure, LR12SP09”, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Jad Adrian Washif
- Sports Performance Division, Institut Sukan Negara Malaysia (National Sports Institute of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jana Strahler
- Sport Psychology, Institute of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Tyler W. Lebaron
- Department of Kinesiology and Outdoor Recreation, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, UT, United States
- Molecular Hydrogen Institute, Enoch, UT, United States
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Marjan Sadat Rezaei
- Department of Sport Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Moshtagh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Faculty of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Fatma Hilal Yagin
- Department of Biostatistics, and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Gülü
- Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Türkiye
| | - Atefeh Esmaeili
- Department of Sport Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Patrick Müller
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Univerisity Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Achraf Ammar
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS (Faculty of Sport Sciences), UPL, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
| | - Egeria Scoditti
- National Research Council (CNR)-Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Lecce, Italy
| | - Sergio Garbarino
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Puce
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, Medical School, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- *Correspondence: Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
| | - Hadi Nobari
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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Skinner J, Vento KA, Johnston CS, Wardenaar FC. Using Nutrition Knowledge and Diet Quality Questionnaires as Screening Tools to Identify Female Collegiate Athletes in Need of Dietitian Referral. CAN J DIET PRACT RES 2022; 83:133-138. [PMID: 35503908 DOI: 10.3148/cjdpr-2022-004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate nutrition knowledge and diet quality in collegiate athletes to determine if referral to a sports registered dietitian (RD) is warranted. This cross-sectional study analyzed four sections of the Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire and the Rapid Eating Assessment for Patients Questionnaire, both validated in athletic populations. The relationship between nutrition knowledge and diet quality was evaluated. Significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. One hundred and twenty athletes reported a median nutrition score of 52 (45-61), and a dietary quality score of 53 (46-58), with a weak, positive association between both (r = 0.28 (95% CI: 0.11-0.44), P < 0.01). Fifty-four percent were categorized as needing a referral to a sports RD. Diet quality scores differed between dietitian referral group with 49 (43-54) versus 58 (52-62) for the nonreferral group, respectively (P < 0.01, V = 0.71), with no difference in nutrition knowledge observed, P = 0.73. Overall, nutrition knowledge and diet quality in our sample of collegiate athletes was poor. College athletic departments with limited access to sports RD should use these questionnaires to evaluate knowledge and the need of dietitian referral separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jensen Skinner
- Arizona State University, College of Health Solutions, 425 N. 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Kaila A Vento
- Arizona State University, College of Health Solutions, 425 N. 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Carol S Johnston
- Arizona State University, College of Health Solutions, 425 N. 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Floris C Wardenaar
- Arizona State University, College of Health Solutions, 425 N. 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ
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Scrivin R, Costa RJ, Pelly F, Lis D, Slater G. Development and validation of a questionnaire investigating endurance athletes practices to manage gastrointestinal symptoms around exercise. Nutr Diet 2021; 78:286-295. [PMID: 34047004 DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To develop and validate a questionnaire investigating endurance athletes' carbohydrate beliefs, knowledge, information sources, and other dietary and non-dietary practices related to exercise-associated gastrointestinal symptoms. METHODS A questionnaire was developed by a review of relevant literature and sports-related questionnaires, and input from five experienced sports dietitians. Item construct and format was adapted and modified from a previous questionnaire. The modified questionnaire sought information on demographics, nutrition knowledge, beliefs, intended practices, information sources and exercise-associated gastrointestinal symptoms. A five-phase validity process was conducted to determine content, face and construct validity, item difficulty and internal reliability of the questionnaire. The Delphi technique was applied with experts over three anonymous rounds. Items were reviewed to determine whether to keep, modify, or delete, rate the relevance of each item using a content validity index (CVI), and provide comments. A content analysis was conducted on all comments after each round. Online interviews were conducted with a pilot group of endurance athletes (n = 15) to assess item difficulty and feasibility. Nutrition knowledge was compared between pilot group of athletes and experts to determine construct validity and internal consistency. A test-retest process was applied to a second pilot group (n = 8) to verify questionnaire reliability. RESULTS High CVI (≥.83) and agreement scores were obtained through the Delphi technique. High reliability (r = .942) and acceptable internal consistency (α = .53-.78) of the questionnaire were obtained. CONCLUSIONS The questionnaire was shown to be a valid and reliable tool that will be of use for clinicians and research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Scrivin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia.,Health, Education and Environment Faculty, Toi Ohomai Technical Institute Limited, Tauranga, New Zealand
| | - Ricardo Js Costa
- Department of Nutrition Dietetics & Food, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fiona Pelly
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dana Lis
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Gary Slater
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Hawkins J, Kloss K, Funnell M, Nwankwo R, Schwenzer C, Smith F, Piatt G. Michigan Men's diabetes project (MenD): protocol for a peer leader diabetes self-management education and support intervention. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:562. [PMID: 33752609 PMCID: PMC7983198 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10613-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Black men are more likely to be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to non-Hispanic White men, and this disparity increases among men over the age of 55. A growing body of literature demonstrates the critical role of gender in the management of health behaviors such as T2D and shows that male gender norms can conflict with healthy behaviors. These studies suggest that tailoring diabetes self-management interventions to address the needs of Black men may be critical to helping them to achieve optimal health outcomes. Further, our own research on Blacks with T2D found gender disparities in participation in diabetes interventions, with males participating at significantly lower rates than females. Peer leaders are trained lay individuals who are used to provide ongoing diabetes self-management support to people with diabetes, particularly in minority communities. However, despite studies showing that diabetes management interventions using peer leaders have been successful, the majority of peer leaders as well as the participants in those studies are women. The limited studies to date suggest that Black men with T2D prefer peer-led, male-to-male T2D programs, however, this research consists primarily of nonrandomized, small sample feasibility studies calling for additional studies to establish the efficacy of these approaches. The proposed study will develop and preliminarily validate the effectiveness of an adapted peer leader diabetes self-management support (PLDSMS) intervention designed to improve diabetes-related lifestyle and self-management behaviors in Black men (over 55) with T2D. Method We propose to tailor an existing intervention by 1) our using male peers and 2) modifying the peer leader training content to focus on material appropriate for men. The proposed study includes a developmental phase (development of the intervention with expert feedback, followed by feasibility testing with Black men) and a validation phase [randomized clinical trial (RCT)]. Discussion If successful, this study will lead to the development and dissemination of an intervention that will address the unique needs of Black men with T2D, helping them to achieve optimal diabetes self-management and health outcomes. Trial registration Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with an ID NCT04760444 on February 17, 2021
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclynn Hawkins
- University of Michigan, School of Social Work, 1080 S. University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Katherine Kloss
- Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1111 E. Catherine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Martha Funnell
- Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1111 E. Catherine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Robin Nwankwo
- Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1111 E. Catherine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Claudia Schwenzer
- University of Michigan, School of Social Work, 1080 S. University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Fonda Smith
- University of Michigan, School of Social Work, 1080 S. University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Gretchen Piatt
- Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1111 E. Catherine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Abbamonte JM, Cristofari NV, Weiss SM, Kumar M, Jayaweera DT, Jones DL. Heart Health and Behavior Change in HIV-Infected Individuals. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:615-622. [PMID: 32892296 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-03022-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Management of cardiovascular disease risk requires many lifestyle changes involving diet, smoking, and exercise. Individuals with arterial plaque are encouraged to adopt these changes to promote longevity through a variety of interventions. This study examined behavioral changes in response to the standard of care after detection of arterial plaque, specifically among HIV-infected cocaine users. 127 individuals (HIV - COC - n = 43, HIV + COC - n = 19, HIV + COC + n = 35, HIV - COC + n = 30) were followed after a standard of care intervention and assessed 1 and 2 years later on a variety of lifestyle (diet, exercise, smoking) and physiological (blood pressure, body mass index, number of arterial plaques) outcomes. Arterial plaque was found to increase over time (b = 0.003, SE = 0.002, p = .031), and a composite measure of cardiovascular disease risk did not change (b = - 0.004, SE = 0.01, p = .548). Following provision of a standard of care cardiovascular risk reduction intervention, important health behaviors related to CVD risk were resistant to change among both those HIV-infected and uninfected and among cocaine users and non-users.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Abbamonte
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Dominion Towers Suite 404A, 1400 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Nicholas V Cristofari
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Dominion Towers Suite 404A, 1400 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Stephen M Weiss
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Dominion Towers Suite 404A, 1400 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Mahendra Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Dominion Towers Suite 404A, 1400 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | | | - Deborah L Jones
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Dominion Towers Suite 404A, 1400 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Colorado LH, Edwards K, Dinh L, Ha S, Liu D, Luu A, Trang S, Yu-Ting TH, Schmid KL. Associations between the menstrual cycle, lifestyle factors and clinical assessment of the ocular surface: a prospective observational study. BMC Womens Health 2020; 20:23. [PMID: 32033559 PMCID: PMC7006113 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-020-0894-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the ocular surface changes over the menstrual cycle in young women and the interactions with lifestyle factors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the associations between modifiable lifestyle factors and menstrual cycle phases on the ocular signs and symptoms of dry eye in young healthy women. METHODS This was a prospective 1-month observational study. Thirty young healthy women with regular, 24 to 32-day menstrual cycles were recruited. Participants attended three visits at day 7, 14, and 21 (± 1) of their menstrual cycle. At baseline, general health questionnaire was conducted. At each visit, symptomology was quantified using Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and overall ocular comfort (OOC, visual analogue scale). Ocular signs were assessed using Efron scales, tear break-up time (TBUT) and phenol red thread (PRT). Pearson's correlation was used to determine associations between variables at each visit. RESULTS A total of 26 participants (mean age = 22.3 ± 3.7 years) with an average menstrual cycle of 28.3 ± 1.3 days completed the 3 visits. The interaction between signs/symptoms and lifestyle factors changed over the cycle. At the follicular phase (day 7), lifestyle factors such diet and levels of stress were correlated with PRT and OSDI, (r = - 0.4, p = 0.022; r = 0.4, p = 0.045 respectively). At the ovulation phase (day 14), the general health score was correlated with OOC scores (r = 0.4, p = 0.047). At day 14, exercise frequency correlated with PRT (r = - 0.4, p = 0.028) and caffeine intake was positively correlate with both; TBUT (r = 0.5, p = 0.020) and PRT (r = 0.5, p = 0.014). At the luteal phase (day 21), we found no correlations between lifestyle factors and dry eye signs or symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The associations between lifestyle factors and objective and subjective ocular surface assessment appeared to be more pronounced during the ovulation phase of the menstrual cycle compared to the follicular and luteal phases. Misalignment of these factors with the ocular health during the luteal phase could be attributed to central sensitization and changes in levels of luteinising hormone. Natural hormonal changes during menstrual cycle should be considered for diagnosis and treatment of dry eye in young healthy women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa H Colorado
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Room Q-504, Level 5, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4059, Australia.
| | - Katie Edwards
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Room Q-504, Level 5, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4059, Australia
| | - Lynne Dinh
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Room Q-504, Level 5, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4059, Australia
| | - Sarah Ha
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Room Q-504, Level 5, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4059, Australia
| | - Danica Liu
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Room Q-504, Level 5, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4059, Australia
| | - Annie Luu
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Room Q-504, Level 5, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4059, Australia
| | - Shona Trang
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Room Q-504, Level 5, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4059, Australia
| | - Tina H Yu-Ting
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Room Q-504, Level 5, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4059, Australia
| | - Katrina L Schmid
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Room Q-504, Level 5, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4059, Australia
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Improving outcomes in patients with prediabetes through a lifestyle modification program. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 2019; 32:244-251. [PMID: 31232868 DOI: 10.1097/jxx.0000000000000213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Type 2 diabetes and obesity are prevalent throughout the United States, and they occur at even higher rates in some southern states. This project aimed at improving outcomes for overweight/obese patients with prediabetes, thus reducing their risk of progression to type 2 diabetes. METHODS Twenty-four adults with a diagnosis of prediabetes and body mass index ≥ 25 completed this 3-month program. The Rapid Eating Assessment for Patients (REAPs) tool was used to assess eating habits and physical activity levels. The Single-Item Literacy Screener was used to screen for limited reading ability. The following preintervention and postintervention data were obtained: weight, A1c, REAP score, and REAP Physical Activity question (REAP-PA). INTERVENTION Monthly group educational sessions were conducted followed by individualized goal setting. The content of the sessions encompassed a lifestyle modification program based on the first five sessions of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention "Prevent T2"curriculum, incorporating the Southern-style diet, food choices, and activity resources available in the local community. RESULTS Results revealed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in weight (average 4.0 ± 4.2 kg), REAP score (average 17.6 ± 16.6), and REAP-PA (average 0.6) after intervention. A1c values decreased slightly but were not statistically significant, which may be due to the limited sample size. Those with limited reading ability showed a slightly greater A1c loss than those with adequate literacy. CONCLUSIONS A 3-month lifestyle modification program resulted in improvement in weight, eating habits, physical activity level, and A1c in overweight/obese patients at risk for type 2 diabetes.
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Johnston CS, Bliss C, Knurick JR, Scholtz C. Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants [shortened version] scores are associated with Healthy Eating Index-2010 scores and other indices of diet quality in healthy adult omnivores and vegetarians. Nutr J 2018; 17:89. [PMID: 30266095 PMCID: PMC6162919 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-018-0399-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The Healthy Eating Index-2010 is a measure of diet quality as portrayed by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans; however, computing the Healthy Eating Index score is time consuming and requires trained personnel. The Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants [shortened version] is a simple measure that quickly, in less than 10 min, assesses diet quality in a clinical or research setting. This research evaluated the degree of correlation between these two methods of scoring diet quality, as well as between these methods and other indicators of diet quality, including the nutrient density of the diet, the dietary potential renal acid load, urine pH, and plasma vitamin C concentrations. The research design was a secondary data analysis, and participants were healthy adults (n = 81) self-classified as omnivorous, vegetarian, or vegan. Confounding variables were identified and controlled using partial correlations. The two methods of scoring diet quality were significantly correlated (r = 0.227, p = 0.047). Both the Healthy Eating Index and the Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants scoring methods were correlated to nutrient density of the diets (r = 0.474 and r = 0.472 respectively, p < 0.001) as well as to the dietary potential renal acid load and urinary pH (r ranging from 0.304-0.341, p ≤ 0.002). The Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants, but not the Healthy Eating Index, was significantly correlated to plasma vitamin C concentrations (r = 0.500, p < 0.001 and 0.192, p = 0.095 respectively). These results in combination with ease of use and low cost suggest that the Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants measure is a useful tool for assessing diet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol S Johnston
- Nutrition Program, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 500 N. 3rd Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
| | - Courtney Bliss
- Feeding Bliss ℅ Thrive Therapy, 3420 E. Shea Blvd. Unit 188, Phoenix, AZ, 85028, USA
| | - Jessica R Knurick
- Toolbox Genomics, 75 Broadway Street #251, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA
| | - Cameron Scholtz
- Nutrition Program, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 500 N. 3rd Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
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