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Vaughn H, Major H, Kadera E, Keck K, Dunham T, Qian Q, Brown B, Scott A, Bellizzi AM, Braun T, Breheny P, Quelle DE, Howe JR, Darbro B. Functional Copy-Number Alterations as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Neuroendocrine Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7532. [PMID: 39062773 PMCID: PMC11277019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional copy-number alterations (fCNAs) are DNA copy-number changes with concordant differential gene expression. These are less likely to be bystander genetic lesions and could serve as robust and reproducible tumor biomarkers. To identify candidate fCNAs in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), we integrated chromosomal microarray (CMA) and RNA-seq differential gene-expression data from 31 pancreatic (pNETs) and 33 small-bowel neuroendocrine tumors (sbNETs). Tumors were resected from 47 early-disease-progression (<24 months) and 17 late-disease-progression (>24 months) patients. Candidate fCNAs that accurately differentiated these groups in this discovery cohort were then replicated using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues in a larger validation cohort of 60 pNETs and 82 sbNETs (52 early- and 65 late-disease-progression samples). Logistic regression analysis revealed the predictive ability of these biomarkers, as well as the assay-performance metrics of sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve. Our results indicate that copy-number changes at chromosomal loci 4p16.3, 7q31.2, 9p21.3, 17q12, 18q21.2, and 19q12 may be used as diagnostic and prognostic NET biomarkers. This involves a rapid, cost-effective approach to determine the primary tumor site for patients with metastatic liver NETs and to guide risk-stratified therapeutic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Vaughn
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (H.V.); (T.B.)
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (H.M.); (E.K.); (T.D.); (Q.Q.)
| | - Heather Major
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (H.M.); (E.K.); (T.D.); (Q.Q.)
| | - Evangeline Kadera
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (H.M.); (E.K.); (T.D.); (Q.Q.)
| | - Kendall Keck
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (K.K.); (A.S.); (J.R.H.)
| | - Timothy Dunham
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (H.M.); (E.K.); (T.D.); (Q.Q.)
| | - Qining Qian
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (H.M.); (E.K.); (T.D.); (Q.Q.)
| | - Bartley Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Aaron Scott
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (K.K.); (A.S.); (J.R.H.)
| | | | - Terry Braun
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (H.V.); (T.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Patrick Breheny
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Dawn E. Quelle
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - James R. Howe
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (K.K.); (A.S.); (J.R.H.)
| | - Benjamin Darbro
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (H.V.); (T.B.)
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (H.M.); (E.K.); (T.D.); (Q.Q.)
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Zhang Y, Li Z, Huang Y, Zou B, Xu Y. Prognostic significance of cyclin-dependent kinase subunit 2 (CKS2) in malignant tumours: a meta-analysis and bioinformatic analysis. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e073887. [PMID: 38296306 PMCID: PMC10831450 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to systematically elucidate the prognostic significance of cyclin-dependent kinase subunit 2 (CKS2) expression in various cancers and its correlation with their clinicopathological characteristics. DESIGN In this meta-analysis and bioinformatic analysis, articles were identified through searches of multiple databases and meta-analysed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols. Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas were examined using UCSC Xena tools to further confirm the prognostic effect of CKS2. DATA SOURCES The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases were searched for articles published from their inception to 1 January 2023, using a combination of subject terms and free words, including 'CKS2', 'cancer', 'tumor', 'neoplasm', 'carcinoma', 'malignancy' and 'prognosis'. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA The analysis included cohort or case-control studies, reported in English, with malignancy diagnoses confirmed by pathological methods, available HRs and 95% CIs for overall survival (OS) or extractable Kaplan-Meier curves, and a sample size of ≥20 patients. Reviews, commentaries, letters, conference reports, case reports, in vitro and animal studies, studies of CKS2 gene variants, studies with sample cases from public databases and studies with unavailable survival or duplicated data were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two researchers independently screened the articles, extracted the data and evaluated the quality of included studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis and bioinformatic analyses were performed using the STATA and R software, respectively. RESULTS The analysis included 13 retrospective studies encompassing 1348 cases across 10 cancer types. Nine studies involving 1124 patients examined the correlation between CKS2 expression levels and OS. A fixed-effects model analysis revealed a significant association between high CKS2 expression and reduced OS (HR=2.27, 95% CI=1.87 to 2.77, p<0.001). Furthermore, high CKS2 expression was significantly associated with advanced tumour stage (relative risk (RR) = 1.82, 95% CI=1.57 to 2.11, p<0.001), lymph node metastasis (RR=1.68, 95% CI=1.38 to 2.04, p<0.001), larger tumour size (RR=1.60, 95% CI=1.27 to 2.03, p<0.001) and lower differentiation grade (RR=1.57, 95% CI=1.29 to 1.90, p<0.001). CKS2 expression levels were not significantly correlated with patients' age (RR=1.11, 95% CI=0.99 to 1.26, p=0.071) or sex (RR=0.98, 95% CI=0.90 to 1.07, p=0.653). An assessment of the articles showed no significant publication bias, confirming the robustness of these findings. The bioinformatic analysis further confirmed CKS2 upregulation in the examined cancer types and its association with poor OS in glioma (HR=1.97, 95% CI=1.78 to 2.18, p=3.70×10-42), liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HR=1.56, 95% CI=1.31 to 1.86, p=3.50×10-7) and lung adenocarcinoma (HR=1.27, 95% CI=1.10 to 1.48, p=1.70×10-3). CONCLUSIONS Elevated CKS2 expression is associated with poor prognosis in a subset of malignant tumours, highlighting its potential as a prognostic marker. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42023394038.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Thoracic Oncology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Thoracic Oncology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China
| | - Bingwen Zou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Thoracic Oncology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Thoracic Oncology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Overexpression of KITLG predicts unfavorable clinical outcomes and promotes lymph node metastasis via the JAK/STAT pathway in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Transl Med 2022; 102:1257-1267. [PMID: 36775451 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-022-00817-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is an early clinical sign and a contributor to the treatment failure in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The molecular mechanisms of LNM in NPC remain unclear. We aimed to identify and validate the possible key genes that play a crucial role in the LNM of NPC. The study included a discovery and validation phase. In the discovery phase, the key gene was identified by bioinformatics analysis. In the validation phase, the mRNA and protein expression of the key gene was detected by RT-PCR in NPC cells and by immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray. Then, the effect of the key gene expression on cell invasion and migration was explored in vitro and in vivo. As a result, KITLG was identified as the key gene. The overexpression of KITLG was detected in NPC cells, which was correlated with neck lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with NPC. The suppression of KITLG inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of NPC cells in vitro and in vivo. JAK/STAT signaling pathway might mediate the enhancement of cell invasion and metastasis caused by KITLG. In summary, the overexpression of KITLG in NPC cells might play a crucial role in the LNM of NPC, raising the possibility of KITLG as a prognostic factor and a potential target for NPC treatment.
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Chen Z, Gong Q, Li D, Zhou J. CircKIAA0368 Promotes Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion by Upregulating HOXA10 in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2022; 36:615-627. [PMID: 35593126 DOI: 10.1177/19458924221100960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) represents a head and neck cancer caused by cancerization of nasal epithelial cells. HOXA10 has been identified to promote proliferation and invasion of NPC cells, but its regulatory mechanism has not been well discussed. Published research work has also pointed out that circular RNAs (circRNAs) could regulate mRNAs to affect NPC tumorigenesis and development. AIM To explore the roles of HOXA10 and its specific regulatory mechanism regarding circRNAs in NPC. METHODS Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot were applied to test gene expression. Functional assays were used to evaluate changes in NPC cell phenotypes. Mechanism assays were done to verify RNA-RNA or RNA-protein interaction. RESULTS HOXA10 was highly expressed in NPC tissues and cell lines. Moreover, HOXA10 knockdown could restrict NPC cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. CircKIAA0368 was upregulated in NPC cells and could elevate HOXA10 expression by sponging miR-6838-5p. Furthermore, circKIAA0368 was unveiled to competitively bind to p300/CREB-binding protein-associated factor (PCAF) to repress acetylation and degradation of HOXA10 protein. CONCLUSION CircKIAA0368 upregulates HOXA10 expression via miR-6838-5p and PCAF, consequently promoting NPCcell and tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, 146391Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiaoying Gong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 146391Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Daojing Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 146391Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Juying Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Mo C, Xie L, Chen C, Ma J, Huang Y, Wu Y, Xu Y, Peng H, Chen Z, Mao R. The Clinical Significance and Potential Molecular Mechanism of Upregulated CDC28 Protein Kinase Regulatory Subunit 1B in Osteosarcoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:7228584. [PMID: 34925510 PMCID: PMC8683182 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7228584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CDC28 Protein Kinase Regulatory Subunit 1B (CKS1B) is a member of cyclin-dependent kinase subfamily and the relationship between CKS1B and osteosarcoma (OS) remains to be explored. METHODS 80 OS and 41 nontumor tissue samples were arranged to conduct immunohistochemistry (IHC) to evaluate CKS1B expression between OS and nontumor samples. The standard mean deviation (SMD) was calculated based on in-house IHC and tissue microarrays and exterior high-throughput datasets for further verification of CKS1B expression in OS. The effect of CKS1B expression on clinicopathological and overall survival of OS patients was measured through public high-throughput datasets, and analysis of immune infiltration and single-cell RNA-seq was applied to ascertain molecular mechanism of CKS1B in OS. RESULTS A total of 197 OS samples and 83 nontumor samples (including tissue and cell line) were obtained from in-house IHC, microarrays, and exterior high-throughput datasets. The analysis of integrated expression status demonstrated upregulation of CKS1B in OS (SMD = 1.38, 95% CI [0.52-2.25]) and the significant power of CKS1B expression in distinguishing OS samples from nontumor samples (Area under the Curve (AUC) = 0.89, 95% CI [0.86-0.91]). Clinicopathological and prognosis analysis indicated no remarkable significance but inference of immune infiltration and single-cell RNA-seq prompted that OS patients with overexpressed CKS1B were more likely to suffer OS metastasis while MYC Protooncogene may be the upstream regulon of CKS1B in proliferating osteoblastic OS cells. CONCLUSIONS In this study, sufficient evidence was provided for upregulation of CKS1B in OS. The advanced effect of CKS1B on OS progression indicates a foreground of CKS1B as a biomarker for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohua Mo
- Department of Pathology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong 528300, China
| | - Le Xie
- Department of Pathology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong 528300, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Pathology, Wuzhou Res Cross Hospital, Wuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 543100, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yingxin Huang
- Department of Pathology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong 528300, China
| | - Yanxing Wu
- Department of Pathology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong 528300, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Department of Pathology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong 528300, China
| | - Huizhi Peng
- Department of Pathology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong 528300, China
| | - Zengwei Chen
- Department of Pathology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong 528300, China
| | - Rongjun Mao
- Department of Pathology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong 528300, China
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Wang Y, Sun J, Yao N. Correlation of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway with the clinicopathological features and prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Eur J Histochem 2021; 65. [PMID: 34783234 PMCID: PMC8611413 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2021.3304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of this study was to examine the correlation of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway with the clinicopathological features and prognostic significance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The study tissues were collected from 285 patients with NPC and normal mucosal tissues were obtained from 289 individuals with normal nasopharynxes. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detected the expression of the AKT, mTOR, and p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (P70S6K) proteins. Follow-up was performed for between 8 and 60 months. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation of the expression of the AKT, mTOR, and P70S6K proteins in NPC tissues. Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted to show the survival of patients with NPC. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to explore the independent risk factors for prognosis. The expression of the AKT, mTOR, and P70S6K proteins in NPC tissues was higher than that in healthy nasopharyngeal mucosal tissues, and was correlated with T-staging, N-staging, clinical stage, distant metastasis, and differentiation. The positive expression of the AKT, mTOR, and P70S6K proteins was higher in patients with stage III/IV NPC, low differentiation, and metastasis. The survival rates of patients with NPC with AKT-positive, mTOR-positive, and P70S6K-positive expression were considerably lower than those without the expression of these proteins. Distant metastasis and the overexpression of the AKT, mTOR, and P70S6K proteins were independent risk factors for the prognosis of patients with NPC. The results obtained from this study indicated an association between the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and the progression of NPC. The upregulation of the AKT/mTOR pathway in patients with NPC is a predictor of poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong.
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong.
| | - Ninghua Yao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong.
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Lu H, Li L, Sun D, Duan Y, Yue K, Wu Y, Wang X. Identification of novel hub genes associated with lymph node metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by completive bioinformatics analysis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1678. [PMID: 34988187 PMCID: PMC8667158 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-5704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most serious diseases affecting populations worldwide and lymph node metastasis is a key pathological feature of HNSCC which predicts poor survival. However, the molecular mechanisms associated with the development of lymph node metastasis in HNSCC have not been fully elucidated. Methods Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in two HNSCC datasets (GES6631 and GES58911). Functional annotation analysis was constructed via Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. Meanwhile, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and module analysis using Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) and Cytoscape were carried out to identify the hub genes. The expression differences, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS) of hub genes were analyzed by Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 (GEPIA2) and verified by immunohistochemistry (IHC) from Human Protein Atlas (HPA). Moreover, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to judge whether those hub genes had good diagnostic and prognostic ability, and the web tool Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) was used to analyze the correlation of hub genes’ expression and immune infiltration. Results In total, 913 DEGs including 476 upregulated and 437 downregulated genes were identified. The genes Aurora kinase A (AURKA), CyclinB1 (CCNB1), Cyclin-dependent kinase regulatory subunit 1B (CKS1B), Serpin Family H Member 1(SERPINH1), and Transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein (TGFBI) were screened out as hub genes and were associated with lymph node metastasis, showing notably abnormal expression in HNSCC samples, and the high expression of all the hub genes in HNSCC patients was related to worse overall survival. Conclusions The genes AURKA, CCNB1, CKS1B, SERPINH1, and TGFBI may be involved in the lymph node metastasis of HNSCC and reveal the potential to serve as molecular biomarkers in the diagnosis of HNSCC. This study may help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the development of lymph node metastasis and facilitate the selection of targets for the treatment and diagnosis of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglue Lu
- Department of Maxillofacial and E.N.T. Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Maxillofacial and E.N.T. Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin University Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongnan Sun
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuansheng Duan
- Department of Maxillofacial and E.N.T. Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Yue
- Department of Maxillofacial and E.N.T. Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yansheng Wu
- Department of Maxillofacial and E.N.T. Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Maxillofacial and E.N.T. Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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Song L, Zhang S, Yu S, Ma F, Wang B, Zhang C, Sun J, Mao X, Wei L. Cellular heterogeneity landscape in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:2879-2890. [PMID: 32638385 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is a highly malignant tumor originated from respiratory system. Although there have been many improvements in therapy until now, reducing the high mortality remains difficult. Understanding the cellular heterogeneity of LSCC could contribute to improve this problem. Single-cell RNA sequencing was applied to dissect the cell composition and molecular characteristics of LSCC tissues. Immunohistochemistry staining of the LSCC tissues was performed to identify the spatial location of tumor cells. Survival analysis of marker genes was executed in The Cancer Genome Atlas to verify the correlation between each cell clusters and patients' prognosis. The LSCC tissue cells were finely grouped into various clusters, including tumor cells, immune cells, epithelial cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Notably, in tumor cells, keratinocyte-like cells were in the core of tumor while malignant proliferating cells were located at the tumor edge. The malignant proliferating cells were correlated with poor prognosis. In summary, this is the first study to delineate a landscape of the LSCC intratumor heterogeneity. Our work might help researchers have a better understanding for tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhao Song
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Siwei Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Siyang Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fen Ma
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bozhi Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Congcong Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ji Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xionghui Mao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Lanlan Wei
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Patients with Cholangiocarcinoma Present Specific RNA Profiles in Serum and Urine Extracellular Vesicles Mirroring the Tumor Expression: Novel Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers for Disease Diagnosis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030721. [PMID: 32183400 PMCID: PMC7140677 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) comprises a group of heterogeneous biliary cancers with dismal prognosis. The etiologies of most CCAs are unknown, but primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a risk factor. Non-invasive diagnosis of CCA is challenging and accurate biomarkers are lacking. We aimed to characterize the transcriptomic profile of serum and urine extracellular vesicles (EVs) from patients with CCA, PSC, ulcerative colitis (UC), and healthy individuals. Serum and urine EVs were isolated by serial ultracentrifugations and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and immunoblotting. EVs transcriptome was determined by Illumina gene expression array [messenger RNAs (mRNA) and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs)]. Differential RNA profiles were found in serum and urine EVs from patients with CCA compared to control groups (disease and healthy), showing high diagnostic capacity. The comparison of the mRNA profiles of serum or urine EVs from patients with CCA with the transcriptome of tumor tissues from two cohorts of patients, CCA cells in vitro, and CCA cells-derived EVs, identified 105 and 39 commonly-altered transcripts, respectively. Gene ontology analysis indicated that most commonly-altered mRNAs participate in carcinogenic steps. Overall, patients with CCA present specific RNA profiles in EVs mirroring the tumor, and constituting novel promising liquid biopsy biomarkers.
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Zeng Z, Gao ZL, Zhang ZP, Jiang HB, Yang CQ, Yang J, Xia XB. Downregulation of CKS1B restrains the proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis of retinoblastoma cells through the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:103-114. [PMID: 31115482 PMCID: PMC6559318 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is a common neoplasm that is exhibited in individuals globally. Increasing evidence demonstrated that cyclin‑dependent kinase regulatory subunit 1B (CKS1B) may be involved in the pathogenesis of various tumor types, including multiple myeloma and breast cancer. In the present study, the hypothesis that CKS1B downregulation would effectively inhibit the proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis of RB cells through the mitogen‑activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway was examined. Initial investigation of the expression profile of CKS1B in RB and adjacent retina tissues was performed using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. A total of three RB cell lines, SO‑RB50, Y79 and HXO‑RB44, were examined for selection of the cell line with the highest expression of CKS1B, and human normal retinal vascular endothelial cells (ACBRI‑181) were also evaluated. CKS1B short hairpin RNA (shRNA) sequences (shRNA CKS1B‑1, shRNA CKS1B‑2 and shRNA CKS1B‑3) and negative control shRNA sequences were constructed and transfected into cells at the third generation to evaluate the role of shCKS1B and the MEK/ERK signaling pathway in RB. Furthermore, the effect of shCKS1B on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis and angiogenesis was investigated. CKS1B was determined to be highly expressed in RB tissue, compared with adjacent retina tissue. SO‑RB50 and HXO‑RB44 cells treated with shRNA CKS1B‑1 and shRNA CKS1B‑2 were selected for the present experiments. Activation of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway increases the expression of MEK, ERK, B‑cell lymphoma 2, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cyclin D1, vascular endothelia growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor, enhances cell proliferation, migration, invasion and lumen formation, and decreases apoptosis. Following silencing CKS1B, the aforementioned conditions were reversed. The key observations of the present study demonstrated that shCKS1B can inhibit the proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis of RB cells by suppressing the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Thus, CKS1B represents a potential research target in the development of therapeutics for RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008
| | - Zhao-Lin Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008
| | - Zhi-Pei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changde, Hunan 415000, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Bo Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008
| | - Chang-Quan Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008
| | - Xiao-Bo Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008
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11
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Huang N, Wu Z, Hong H, Wang X, Yang F, Li H. Overexpression of CKS2 is associated with a poor prognosis and promotes cell proliferation and invasion in breast cancer. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:4761-4769. [PMID: 30957190 PMCID: PMC6522797 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that cyclin dependent kinases regulatory subunit 2 (CKS2) serves an essential role in the regulation of multiple cellular processes in diverse human cancer types. The present study investigated the contribution of CKS2 to breast cancer (BC) progression. In the present study, CKS2 expression in BC was detected using Oncomine and The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The association between expression levels and clinical features was explored using Kaplan‑Meier plotter and the Breast Cancer Gene‑Expression Miner Version 4.0 (bc‑GenExMiner) online database. In addition, the roles of CKS2 in BC progression were examined. It was identified that CKS2 expression was significantly increased in BC tissues at the mRNA and protein levels. Bc‑GenExMiner demonstrated that high CKS2 expression was associated with a positive estrogen receptor status, progesterone receptor status, nodal status and basal‑like status. High CKS2 expression was markedly associated with poor overall survival, relapse‑free survival, and distant metastasis‑free survival in patients with BC. Moreover, functional assays revealed that CKS2 inhibition suppressed cell proliferation and invasion ability in vitro and reduced tumor growth in vivo. Thus, the present findings suggested that CKS2 may act as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiqi Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Ninghai First Hospital, Ninghai, Zhejiang 315600, P.R. China
| | - Zuli Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Ninghai First Hospital, Ninghai, Zhejiang 315600, P.R. China
| | - Hong Hong
- Department of General Surgery, Ninghai First Hospital, Ninghai, Zhejiang 315600, P.R. China
| | - Xiangming Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Ninghai First Hospital, Ninghai, Zhejiang 315600, P.R. China
| | - Fengqiang Yang
- Department of Urology, Ninghai First Hospital, Ninghai, Zhejiang 315600, P.R. China
| | - Hengguo Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Ninghai First Hospital, Ninghai, Zhejiang 315600, P.R. China
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12
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Zhang Y, Chen Y, You F, Li W, Lang Z, Zou Z. Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of Cks1 in cancer: Evidence from a meta-analysis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:13423-13430. [PMID: 30605238 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclin-dependent kinase subunit 1 (Cks1), as a highly conserved regulatory protein, has pleiotropic roles in cell cycle progression. As research progresses, increasingly more statistics show that Cks1 may be involved in the occurrence, development, and prognosis of a variety of tumors but the conclusions remain controversial. In addition, there has been no meta-analysis demonstrating the correlation between Cks1 and cancer. Therefore, this meta-analysis was performed to determine the prognostic and clinicopathological significance of Cks1 in various cancers. METHODS Systematic computer literature retrieval was conducted on the Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, CNKI, and Wanfang databases. Stata SE12.0 software was used in the quantitative meta-analysis. The hazard ratio (HR) and relative risk (RR) were pooled to assess the relationship between Cks1 expression and overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS Nineteen studies were included, totaling 2,224 participants. High expression of Cks1 was significantly correlated with worse OS (HR, 2.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.18-3.14; p < 0.001) and poorer DFS (HR, 2.73; 95% CI, 1.83-4.08; p < 0.001). In addition, high expression of Cks1 was related to lymph node metastasis (RR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.22-2.07; p = 0.001) and advanced T stage (RR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.04-1.25; p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS High Cks1 expression predicted poorer prognosis and worse clinicopathological parameters in various cancers. Increased Cks1 could be a significant prognostic biomarker for poor survival in patients with various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China.,Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China.,Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Fan You
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China.,Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Wang Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China.,Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Zhiquan Lang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China.,Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhong Zou
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
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13
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Lin Q, Wang H, Lin X, Zhang W, Huang S, Zheng Y. PTPN12 Affects Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cell Proliferation and Migration Through Regulating EGFR. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2018; 33:60-64. [PMID: 29634414 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2017.2254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) shows the leading morbidity in otorhinolaryngological malignant tumor. It is a common malignancy in China with obvious reginal distribution. NPC is a polygenic disease that is affected by numerous factors. Protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 12 (PTPN12) regulates multiple tumor proliferation and development, including breast cancer and colon cancer. However, the role of PTPN12 in NPC occurrence and development has not been elucidated. PATIENTS AND METHODS NPC cell line CNE2 was cultured in vitro and divided into three groups, including control, empty plasmid, and PTPN12 groups. PTPN12 mRNA and protein expressions were tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. CNE2 cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay. Cell migration was determined by wound healing assay. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by caspase 3 activity detection. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression was assessed by Western blot. RESULTS PTPN12 plasmid transfection increased PTPN12 mRNA and protein expressions, suppressed cell proliferation and migration, reduced EGFR level, and enhanced caspase 3 activity compared with control and empty plasmid groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS PTPN12 regulates NPC proliferation and migration through negative regulating EGFR. It could be treated as a molecular target for NPC diagnosis and prognosis analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghai Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College , Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huige Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College , Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinqiang Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College , Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenrui Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College , Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuhua Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College , Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yandan Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College , Shantou, Guangdong, China
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14
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Brożyna AA, Aplin A, Cohen C, Carlson G, Page AJ, Murphy M, Slominski AT, Carlson JA. CKS1 expression in melanocytic nevi and melanoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:4173-4187. [PMID: 29423113 PMCID: PMC5790530 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase subunit 1 (Cks1) regulates the degradation of p27, an important G1-S inhibitor, which is up regulated by MAPK pathway activation. In this study, we sought to determine whether Cks1 expression is increased in melanocytic tumors and correlates with outcome and/or other clinicopathologic prognostic markers. Cks1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 298 melanocytic lesions. The frequency and intensity of cytoplasmic and nuclear expression was scored as a labeling index and correlated with clinico-pathological data. Nuclear Cks1 protein was found in 63% of melanocytic nevi, 89% primary and 90% metastatic melanomas with mean labeling index of 7 ± 16, 19 ± 20, and 30 ± 29, respectively. While cytoplasmic Cks1 was found in 41% of melanocytic nevi, 84% primary and 95% metastatic melanomas with mean labeling index of 18 ± 34, 35 ± 34, and 52 ± 34, accordingly. Histologic stepwise model of tumor progression, defined as progression from benign nevi to primary melanomas, to melanoma metastases, revealed a significant increase in nuclear and cytoplasmic Cks1 expression with tumor progression. Nuclear and cytoplasmic Cks1 expression correlated with the presence of ulceration, increased mitotic rate, Breslow depth, Clark level, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and gender. However, other well-known prognostic factors (age, anatomic site, and regression) did not correlate with any type of Cks1 expression. Similarly, increasing nuclear expression of Cks1 significantly correlated with worse overall survival. Thus, Cks1 expression appears to play a role in the progression of melanoma, where high levels of expression are associated with poor outcome. Cytoplasmic expression of Cks1 might represent high turnover of protein via the ubiquination/proteosome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Brożyna
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Oncology Centre - Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz 85-796, Poland
| | - Andrew Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, BLSB 524, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Cynthia Cohen
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Grant Carlson
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Andrew Joseph Page
- Pancreas, Liver, and Cancer Surgery, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA
| | - Michael Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - J Andrew Carlson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College MC-81, Albany, NY 12208, USA
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