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Liu Q, Xiong J, Kim DW, Lee SS, Bell BJ, Alexandre C, Blackshaw S, Latremoliere A, Wu MN. An amygdalar oscillator coordinates cellular and behavioral rhythms. Neuron 2024:S0896-6273(24)00609-3. [PMID: 39303704 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are generated by the master pacemaker suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in concert with local clocks throughout the body. Although many brain regions exhibit cycling clock gene expression, the identity of a discrete extra-SCN brain oscillator that produces rhythmic behavior has remained elusive. Here, we show that an extra-SCN oscillator in the lateral amygdala (LA) is defined by expression of the clock-output molecule mWAKE/ANKFN1. mWAKE is enriched in the anterior/dorsal LA (adLA), and, strikingly, selective disruption of clock function or excitatory signaling in adLAmWAKE neurons abolishes Period2 (PER2) rhythms throughout the LA. mWAKE levels rise at night and promote rhythmic excitability of adLAmWAKE neurons by upregulating Ca2+-activated K+ channel activity specifically at night. adLAmWAKE neurons coordinate rhythmic sensory perception and anxiety in a clock-dependent and WAKE-dependent manner. Together, these data reveal the cellular identity of an extra-SCN brain oscillator and suggest a multi-level hierarchical system organizing molecular and behavioral rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jiali Xiong
- Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Dong Won Kim
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sang Soo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Benjamin J Bell
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chloe Alexandre
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Seth Blackshaw
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Alban Latremoliere
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mark N Wu
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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2
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Lin L, Huang L, Huang S, Chen W, Huang H, Chi L, Su F, Liu X, Yuan K, Jiang Q, Li C, Smith WW, Fu Q, Pei Z. MSC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Alleviate NLRP3/GSDMD-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Mouse Model of Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5494-5509. [PMID: 38200351 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03914-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, with sporadic form being the predominant type. Neuroinflammation plays a critical role in accelerating pathogenic processes in AD. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEVs) regulate inflammatory responses and show great promise for treating AD. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived MSCs are similar to MSCs and exhibit low immunogenicity and heterogeneity, making them promising cell sources for clinical applications. This study examined the anti-inflammatory effects of MSC-sEVs in a streptozotocin-induced sporadic mouse model of AD (sAD). The intracisternal administration of iPSC-MSC-sEVs alleviated NLRP3/GSDMD-mediated neuroinflammation, decreased amyloid deposition and neuronal apoptosis, and mitigated cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, it explored the role of miR-223-3p in the iPSC-MSC-sEVs-mediated anti-inflammatory effects in vitro. miR-223-3p directly targeted NLRP3, whereas inhibiting miR-223-3p almost completely reversed the suppression of NLRP3 by MSC-sEVs, suggesting that miR-223-3p may, at least partially, account for MSC-sEVs-mediated anti-inflammation. Results obtained suggest that intracisternal administration of iPSC-MSC-sEVs can reduce cognitive impairment by inhibiting NLRP3/GSDMD neuroinflammation in a sAD mouse model. Therefore, the present study provides a proof-of-principle for applying iPSC-MSC-sEVs to target neuroinflammation in sAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishan Lin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases; National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Longxin Huang
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Extracellular Vesicle Research and Clinical Translational Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Sen Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases; National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Weineng Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases; National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Heng Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Li Chi
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Fengjuan Su
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases; National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Extracellular Vesicle Research and Clinical Translational Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Kang Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases; National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qiuhong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases; National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Changu Li
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Extracellular Vesicle Research and Clinical Translational Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wanli W Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Qingling Fu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Extracellular Vesicle Research and Clinical Translational Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Zhong Pei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases; National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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3
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Bagheri S, Saboury AA, Saso L. Sequence of Molecular Events in the Development of Alzheimer's Disease: Cascade Interactions from Beta-Amyloid to Other Involved Proteins. Cells 2024; 13:1293. [PMID: 39120323 PMCID: PMC11312137 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the primary neurodegenerative disease affecting the elderly population. Despite the first description of its pathology over a century ago, its precise cause and molecular mechanism remain unknown. Numerous factors, including beta-amyloid, tau protein, the APOEε4 gene, and different metals, have been extensively investigated in relation to this disease. However, none of them have been proven to have a decisive causal relationship. Furthermore, no single theory has successfully integrated these puzzle pieces thus far. In this review article, we propose the most probable molecular mechanism for AD, which clearly shows the relationship between the main aspects of the disease, and addresses fundamental questions such as: Why is aging the major risk factor for the disease? Are amyloid plaques and tau tangles the causes or consequences of AD? Why are the distributions of senile plaques and tau tangles in the brain different and independent of each other? Why is the APOEε4 gene a risk factor for AD? Finally, why is the disease more prevalent in women?
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Affiliation(s)
- Soghra Bagheri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415185, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614335, Iran;
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
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4
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Rice M, Nuovo GJ, Sawant D, Mishra A, Tili E. Comparison of Neuroinflammation Induced by Hyperphosphorylated Tau Protein Versus Ab42 in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:4589-4601. [PMID: 38105410 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03822-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Both neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques are associated with inflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Their relative degree of induced neuroinflammation, however, is not well established. Mouse models of AD that expressed either human Aβ42 (n = 7) or human hyperphosphorylated tau protein alone (n = 3), wild type (n = 10), and human AD samples (n = 29 with 18 controls) were studied. The benefit of using mouse models that possess only human tau or amyloid-b is that it allows for the individual evaluation of how each protein affects neuroinflammation, something not possible in human tissue. Three indicators of neuroinflammation were examined: TLRs/RIG1 expression, the density of astrocytes and microglial cells, and well-established mediators of neuroinflammation (IL6, TNFα, IL1β, and CXCL10). There was a statistically significant increase in neuroinflammation with all three variables in the mouse models with human tau only as compared to human Aβ42 only or wild-type mice (each at p < 0.0001). Only the Aβ42 5xFAD mice (n = 4) showed statistically higher neuroinflammation versus wild type (p = 0.0030). The human AD tissues were segregated into Aβ42 only or hyperphosphorylated tau protein with Aβ42. The latter areas showed increased neuroinflammation with each of the three variables compared to the areas with only Aβ42. Of the TLRs and RIG-1, TLR8 was significantly elevated in both the mouse model and human AD and only in areas with the abnormal tau protein. It is concluded that although Aβ42 and hyperphosphorylated tau protein can each induce inflammation, the latter protein is associated with a much stronger neuroinflammatory response vis-a-vis a significantly greater activated microglial response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Esmerina Tili
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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5
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Baghel MS, Burns GD, Tsapatsis M, Mallika AP, Cruz ALF, Cao T, Chen XK, Rosa IDL, Marx SR, Ye Y, Sun S, Li T, Wong PC. Depletion of TDP-43 exacerbates tauopathy-dependent brain atrophy by sensitizing vulnerable neurons to caspase 3-mediated endoproteolysis of tau in a mouse model of Multiple Etiology Dementia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.26.600814. [PMID: 38979270 PMCID: PMC11230425 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.26.600814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
TDP-43 proteinopathy, initially disclosed in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), coexists with tauopathy in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders, termed multiple etiology dementias (MEDs), including Alzheimer's Disease (AD). While such co-pathology of TDP-43 is strongly associated with worsened neurodegeneration and steeper cognitive decline, the pathogenic mechanism underlying the exacerbated neuron loss remains elusive. The loss of TDP-43 splicing repression that occurs in presymptomatic ALS-FTD individuals suggests that such early loss could facilitate the pathological conversion of tau to accelerate neuron loss. Here, we report that the loss of TDP-43 repression of cryptic exons in forebrain neurons (CaMKII-CreER;Tardbp f/f mice) is necessary to exacerbate tauopathy-dependent brain atrophy by sensitizing vulnerable neurons to caspase 3-dependent cleavage of endogenous tau to promote tauopathy. Corroborating this finding within the human context, we demonstrate that loss of TDP-43 function in iPSC-derived cortical neurons promotes early cryptic exon inclusion and subsequent caspase 3-mediated endoproteolysis of tau. Using a genetic approach to seed tauopathy in CaMKII-CreER;Tardbp f/f mice by expressing a four-repeat microtubule binding domain of human tau, we show that the amount of tau seed positively correlates with levels of caspase 3-cleaved tau. Importantly, we found that the vulnerability of hippocampal neurons to TDP-43 depletion is dependent on the amount of caspase 3-cleaved tau: from most vulnerable neurons in the CA2/3, followed by those in the dentate gyrus, to the least in CA1. Taken together, our findings strongly support the view that TDP-43 loss-of-function exacerbates tauopathy-dependent brain atrophy by increasing the sensitivity of vulnerable neurons to caspase 3-mediated endoproteolysis of tau, resulting in a greater degree of neurodegeneration in human disorders with co-pathologies of tau and TDP-43. Our work thus discloses novel mechanistic insights and therapeutic targets for human tauopathies harboring co-pathology of TDP-43 and provides a new MED model for testing therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghraj S Baghel
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 558, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Grace D Burns
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 558, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Margarita Tsapatsis
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 558, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Aswathy Peethambaran Mallika
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 558, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Anna Lourdes F Cruz
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 558, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Tianyu Cao
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 558, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Xiaoke K Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 558, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Isabel De La Rosa
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 558, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shaelyn R Marx
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 558, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yingzhi Ye
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 558, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shuying Sun
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 558, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 558, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 558, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 558, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Philip C Wong
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 558, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 558, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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6
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Wang N, Cai L, Pei X, Lin Z, Huang L, Liang C, Wei M, Shao L, Guo T, Huang F, Luo H, Zheng H, Chen XF, Leng L, Zhang YW, Wang X, Zhang J, Guo K, Wang Z, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Xu H. Microglial apolipoprotein E particles contribute to neuronal senescence and synaptotoxicity. iScience 2024; 27:110006. [PMID: 38868202 PMCID: PMC11167441 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (apoE) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglia exhibit a substantial upregulation of apoE in AD-associated circumstances, despite astrocytes being the primary source of apoE expression and secretion in the brain. Although the role of astrocytic apoE in the brain has been extensively investigated, it remains unclear that whether and how apoE particles generated from astrocytes and microglia differ in biological characteristic and function. Here, we demonstrate the differences in size between apoE particles generated from microglia and astrocytes. Microglial apoE particles impair neurite growth and synapses, and promote neuronal senescence, whereas depletion of GPNMB (glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B) in microglial apoE particles mitigated these deleterious effects. In addition, human APOE4-expressing microglia are more neurotoxic than APOE3-bearing microglia. For the first time, these results offer concrete evidence that apoE particles produced by microglia are involved in neuronal senescence and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Lujian Cai
- Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Xinyu Pei
- Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Zhihao Lin
- Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Lihong Huang
- Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chensi Liang
- Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Min Wei
- Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Lin Shao
- Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Tiantian Guo
- Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Institute for Brain Science and Disease, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Brain Disease and Aging Research (Ministry of Education), Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Honghua Zheng
- Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Xiao-fen Chen
- Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Lige Leng
- Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yun-wu Zhang
- Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Institute for Brain Science and Disease, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Brain Disease and Aging Research (Ministry of Education), Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhanxiang Wang
- Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Hongsheng Zhang
- Institute for Brain Science and Disease, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Brain Disease and Aging Research (Ministry of Education), Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yingjun Zhao
- Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
- Institute for Brain Science and Disease, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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7
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Yang B, Hu S, Jiang Y, Xu L, Shu S, Zhang H. Advancements in Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Research for Neurological Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04126-3. [PMID: 38564138 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Neurological diseases are a major cause of the global burden of disease. Although the mechanisms of the occurrence and development of neurological diseases are not fully clear, most of them are associated with cells mediating neuroinflammation. Yet medications and other therapeutic options to improve treatment are still very limited. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), as a delightfully potent breakthrough technology, not only identifies various cell types and response states but also uncovers cell-specific gene expression changes, gene regulatory networks, intercellular communication, and cellular movement trajectories, among others, in different cell types. In this review, we describe the technology of scRNA-seq in detail and discuss and summarize the application of scRNA-seq in exploring neurological diseases, elaborating the corresponding specific mechanisms of the diseases as well as providing a reliable basis for new therapeutic approaches. Finally, we affirm that scRNA-seq promotes the development of the neuroscience field and enables us to have a deeper cellular understanding of neurological diseases in the future, which provides strong support for the treatment of neurological diseases and the improvement of patients' prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Clinical School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuqi Hu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiru Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Clinical School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Song Shu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Clinical School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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8
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Wachter A, Woodbury ME, Lombardo S, Abdourahman A, Wuest C, McGlame E, Pastika T, Tamm J, Romanul N, Yanamandra K, Bennett R, Lin G, Kwon T, Liao F, Klein C, Grinberg Y, Jaisa-Aad M, Li H, Frosch MP, Kummer MP, Das S, Dellovade T, Karran EH, Langlois X, Ried JS, Serrano-Pozo A, Talanian RV, Biber K, Hyman BT. Landscape of brain myeloid cell transcriptome along the spatiotemporal progression of Alzheimer's disease reveals distinct sequential responses to Aβ and tau. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:65. [PMID: 38557897 PMCID: PMC10984903 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02704-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Human microglia are critically involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression, as shown by genetic and molecular studies. However, their role in tau pathology progression in human brain has not been well described. Here, we characterized 32 human donors along progression of AD pathology, both in time-from early to late pathology-and in space-from entorhinal cortex (EC), inferior temporal gyrus (ITG), prefrontal cortex (PFC) to visual cortex (V2 and V1)-with biochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and single nuclei-RNA-sequencing, profiling a total of 337,512 brain myeloid cells, including microglia. While the majority of microglia are similar across brain regions, we identified a specific subset unique to EC which may contribute to the early tau pathology present in this region. We calculated conversion of microglia subtypes to diseased states and compared conversion patterns to those from AD animal models. Targeting genes implicated in this conversion, or their upstream/downstream pathways, could halt gene programs initiated by early tau progression. We used expression patterns of early tau progression to identify genes whose expression is reversed along spreading of spatial tau pathology (EC > ITG > PFC > V2 > V1) and identified their potential involvement in microglia subtype conversion to a diseased state. This study provides a data resource that builds on our knowledge of myeloid cell contribution to AD by defining the heterogeneity of microglia and brain macrophages during both temporal and regional pathology aspects of AD progression at an unprecedented resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carolin Wuest
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rachel Bennett
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Gen Lin
- AbbVie Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Corinna Klein
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | | | - Methasit Jaisa-Aad
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Huan Li
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Charlestown, USA
| | | | - Sudeshna Das
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Charlestown, USA
| | | | | | | | - Janina S Ried
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Alberto Serrano-Pozo
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Charlestown, USA
| | | | - Knut Biber
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Charlestown, USA
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9
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Vavougios GD, Tseriotis VS, Liampas A, Mavridis T, de Erausquin GA, Hadjigeorgiou G. Type I interferon signaling, cognition and neurodegeneration following COVID-19: update on a mechanistic pathogenetic model with implications for Alzheimer's disease. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1352118. [PMID: 38562226 PMCID: PMC10982434 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1352118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19's effects on the human brain reveal a multifactorial impact on cognition and the potential to inflict lasting neuronal damage. Type I interferon signaling, a pathway that represents our defense against pathogens, is primarily affected by COVID-19. Type I interferon signaling, however, is known to mediate cognitive dysfunction upon its dysregulation following synaptopathy, microgliosis and neuronal damage. In previous studies, we proposed a model of outside-in dysregulation of tonic IFN-I signaling in the brain following a COVID-19. This disruption would be mediated by the crosstalk between central and peripheral immunity, and could potentially establish feed-forward IFN-I dysregulation leading to neuroinflammation and potentially, neurodegeneration. We proposed that for the CNS, the second-order mediators would be intrinsic disease-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) such as proteopathic seeds, without the requirement of neuroinvasion to sustain inflammation. Selective vulnerability of neurogenesis sites to IFN-I dysregulation would then lead to clinical manifestations such as anosmia and cognitive impairment. Since the inception of our model at the beginning of the pandemic, a growing body of studies has provided further evidence for the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the human CNS and cognition. Several preclinical and clinical studies have displayed IFN-I dysregulation and tauopathy in gene expression and neuropathological data in new cases, correspondingly. Furthermore, neurodegeneration identified with a predilection for the extended olfactory network furthermore supports the neuroanatomical concept of our model, and its independence from fulminant neuroinvasion and encephalitis as a cause of CNS damage. In this perspective, we summarize the data on IFN-I as a plausible mechanism of cognitive impairment in this setting, and its potential contribution to Alzheimer's disease and its interplay with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- George D. Vavougios
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Lefkosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Andreas Liampas
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Lefkosia, Cyprus
| | - Theodore Mavridis
- Tallaght University Hospital (TUH)/The Adelaide and Meath Hospital Dublin, Incorporating the National Children's Hospital (AMNCH), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gabriel A. de Erausquin
- Laboratory of Brain Development, Modulation and Repair, The Glenn Biggs Institute of Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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10
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Wißfeld J, Abou Assale T, Cuevas-Rios G, Liao H, Neumann H. Therapeutic potential to target sialylation and SIGLECs in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1330874. [PMID: 38529039 PMCID: PMC10961342 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1330874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids, commonly found as the terminal carbohydrate on the glycocalyx of mammalian cells, are pivotal checkpoint inhibitors of the innate immune system, particularly within the central nervous system (CNS). Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (SIGLECs) expressed on microglia are key players in maintaining microglial homeostasis by recognizing intact sialylation. The finely balanced sialic acid-SIGLEC system ensures the prevention of excessive and detrimental immune responses in the CNS. However, loss of sialylation and SIGLEC receptor dysfunctions contribute to several chronic CNS diseases. Genetic variants of SIGLEC3/CD33, SIGLEC11, and SIGLEC14 have been associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, while sialyltransferase ST8SIA2 and SIGLEC4/MAG have been linked to psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, and autism spectrum disorders. Consequently, immune-modulatory functions of polysialic acids and SIGLEC binding antibodies have been exploited experimentally in animal models of Alzheimer's disease and inflammation-induced CNS tissue damage, including retinal damage. While the potential of these therapeutic approaches is evident, only a few therapies to target either sialylation or SIGLEC receptors have been tested in patient clinical trials. Here, we provide an overview of the critical role played by the sialic acid-SIGLEC axis in shaping microglial activation and function within the context of neurodegeneration and synaptopathies and discuss the current landscape of therapies that target sialylation or SIGLECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Wißfeld
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tawfik Abou Assale
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - German Cuevas-Rios
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Huan Liao
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Harald Neumann
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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11
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Sakkaki E, Jafari B, Gharesouran J, Rezazadeh M. Gene expression patterns of CRYM and SIGLEC10 in Alzheimer's disease: potential early diagnostic indicators. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:349. [PMID: 38401023 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09113-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological condition that may lead to dementia as well as a slow and steady decline in cognitive ability. Finding early signs that may be used in the diagnosis of AD is still a difficult aim to achieve in the field of medical practice. METHODS AND RESULTS The purpose of this research was to investigate to determine any differences in the gene expression patterns of crystallin mu (CRYM) and sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 10 (SIGLEC10) in whole blood samples obtained from fifty individuals who were diagnosed with AD and fifty individuals as a control group. When compared with controls, it was discovered that the expression of the CRYM gene was substantially decreased in AD patients, but the expression of the SIGLEC10 gene was significantly higher. A positive correlation between CRYM and SIGLEC10 was noticed solely in patients with AD. Furthermore, assessing the diagnostic value of these genes, CRYM and SIGLEC10 transcript levels displayed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.74 and 0.81, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that alterations in CRYM and SIGLEC10 expression may be implicated in AD pathology and that these genes expression levels can potentially serve as biomarkers for early detection and diagnosis of AD. Nevertheless, further validation of these findings requires the inclusion of more extensive and heterogeneous cohorts. The findings derived from this study possess the capability to offer a significant contribution towards the progression of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Sakkaki
- Department of Genetics, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behboud Jafari
- Department of Microbiology, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran.
| | - Jalal Gharesouran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Rezazadeh
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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12
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da Silva SP, de Castro CCM, Rabelo LN, Engelberth RC, Fernández-Calvo B, Fiuza FP. Neuropathological and sociodemographic factors associated with the cortical amyloid load in aging and Alzheimer's disease. GeroScience 2024; 46:621-643. [PMID: 37870702 PMCID: PMC10828279 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00982-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia and is characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive abilities. A pathological hallmark of AD is a region-specific accumulation of the amyloid-beta protein (Aβ). Here, we explored the association between regional Aβ deposition, sociodemographic, and local biochemical factors. We quantified the Aβ burden in postmortem cortical samples from parietal (PCx) and temporal (TCx) regions of 27 cognitively unimpaired (CU) and 15 AD donors, aged 78-100 + years. Histological images of Aβ immunohistochemistry and local concentrations of pathological and inflammatory proteins were obtained at the "Aging, Dementia and TBI Study" open database. We used the area fraction fractionator stereological methodology to quantify the Aβ burden in the gray and white matter within each cortical region. We found higher Aβ burdens in the TCx of AD octogenarians compared to CU ones. We also found higher Aβ loads in the PCx of AD nonagenarians than in AD octogenarians. Moreover, AD women exhibited increased Aβ deposition compared to CU women. Interestingly, we observed a negative correlation between education years and Aβ burden in the white matter of both cortices in CU samples. In AD brains, the Aβ40, Aβ42, and pTau181 isoforms of Aβ and Tau proteins were positively correlated with the Aβ burden. Additionally, in the TCx of AD donors, the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα showed a positive correlation with the Aβ load. These novel findings contribute to understanding the interplay between sociodemographic characteristics, local inflammatory signaling, and the development of AD-related pathology in the cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayonara P da Silva
- Graduate Program in Neuroengineering, Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Santos Dumont Institute, Macaíba, RN, 59280-000, Brazil
| | - Carla C M de Castro
- Graduate Program in Neuroengineering, Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Santos Dumont Institute, Macaíba, RN, 59280-000, Brazil
| | - Lívia N Rabelo
- Graduate Program in Neuroengineering, Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Santos Dumont Institute, Macaíba, RN, 59280-000, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Rovena C Engelberth
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Bernardino Fernández-Calvo
- Department of Psychology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Felipe P Fiuza
- Graduate Program in Neuroengineering, Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Santos Dumont Institute, Macaíba, RN, 59280-000, Brazil.
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13
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Davidson R, Krider RI, Borsellino P, Noorda K, Alhwayek G, Vida TA. Untangling Tau: Molecular Insights into Neuroinflammation, Pathophysiology, and Emerging Immunotherapies. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8816-8839. [PMID: 37998730 PMCID: PMC10670294 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45110553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, a core pathological feature observed in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), is rapidly gaining attention as a target in understanding the molecular underpinnings of these disorders. Glial cells, endothelial cells, peripheral immune cells, and astrocytes produce a variety of pro-inflammatory mediators that exacerbate the disease progression. Additionally, microglial cells play a complex role in AD, facilitating the clearance of pathological amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) plaques and aggregates of the tau protein. Tau proteins, traditionally associated with microtubule stabilization, have come under intense scrutiny for their perturbed roles in neurodegenerative conditions. In this narrative review, we focus on recent advances from molecular insights that have revealed aberrant tau post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and acetylation, serving as pathological hallmarks. These modifications also trigger the activation of CNS-resident immune cells, such as microglia and astrocytes substantially contributing to neuroinflammation. This intricate relationship between tau pathologies and neuroinflammation fosters a cascading impact on neural pathophysiology. Furthermore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning tau's influence on neuroinflammation presents a frontier for the development of innovative immunotherapies. Neurodegenerative diseases have been relatively intractable to conventional pharmacology using small molecules. We further comprehensively document the many alternative approaches using immunotherapy targeting tau pathological epitopes and structures with a wide array of antibodies. Clinical trials are discussed using these therapeutic approaches, which have both promising and disappointing outcomes. Future directions for tau immunotherapies may include combining treatments with Aβ immunotherapy, which may result in more significant clinical outcomes for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas A. Vida
- Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, 625 Shadow Lane, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA; (R.D.); (R.I.K.); (P.B.); (K.N.); (G.A.)
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14
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Zhu H, Guan A, Liu J, Peng L, Zhang Z, Wang S. Noteworthy perspectives on microglia in neuropsychiatric disorders. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:223. [PMID: 37794488 PMCID: PMC10548593 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are so versatile that they not only provide immune surveillance for central nervous system, but participate in neural circuitry development, brain blood vessels formation, blood-brain barrier architecture, and intriguingly, the regulation of emotions and behaviors. Microglia have a profound impact on neuronal survival, brain wiring and synaptic plasticity. As professional phagocytic cells in the brain, they remove dead cell debris and neurotoxic agents via an elaborate mechanism. The functional profile of microglia varies considerately depending on age, gender, disease context and other internal or external environmental factors. Numerous studies have demonstrated a pivotal involvement of microglia in neuropsychiatric disorders, including negative affection, social deficit, compulsive behavior, fear memory, pain and other symptoms associated with major depression disorder, anxiety disorder, autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. In this review, we summarized the latest discoveries regarding microglial ontogeny, cell subtypes or state spectrum, biological functions and mechanistic underpinnings of emotional and behavioral disorders. Furthermore, we highlight the potential of microglia-targeted therapies of neuropsychiatric disorders, and propose outstanding questions to be addressed in future research of human microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
| | - Ao Guan
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jiayuan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
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15
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Pesämaa I, Müller SA, Robinson S, Darcher A, Paquet D, Zetterberg H, Lichtenthaler SF, Haass C. A microglial activity state biomarker panel differentiates FTD-granulin and Alzheimer's disease patients from controls. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:70. [PMID: 37775827 PMCID: PMC10543321 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00657-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the emergence of microglia-modulating therapies there is an urgent need for reliable biomarkers to evaluate microglial activation states. METHODS Using mouse models and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia (hiMGL), genetically modified to yield the most opposite homeostatic (TREM2-knockout) and disease-associated (GRN-knockout) states, we identified microglia activity-dependent markers. Non-targeted mass spectrometry was used to identify proteomic changes in microglia and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of Grn- and Trem2-knockout mice. Additionally, we analyzed the proteome of GRN- and TREM2-knockout hiMGL and their conditioned media. Candidate marker proteins were tested in two independent patient cohorts, the ALLFTD cohort (GRN mutation carriers versus non-carriers), as well as the proteomic data set available from the EMIF-AD MBD study. RESULTS We identified proteomic changes between the opposite activation states in mouse microglia and CSF, as well as in hiMGL cell lysates and conditioned media. For further verification, we analyzed the CSF proteome of heterozygous GRN mutation carriers suffering from frontotemporal dementia (FTD). We identified a panel of six proteins (FABP3, MDH1, GDI1, CAPG, CD44, GPNMB) as potential indicators for microglial activation. Moreover, we confirmed three of these proteins (FABP3, GDI1, MDH1) to be significantly elevated in the CSF of Alzheimer's (AD) patients. Remarkably, each of these markers differentiated amyloid-positive cases with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from amyloid-negative individuals. CONCLUSIONS The identified candidate proteins reflect microglia activity and may be relevant for monitoring the microglial response in clinical practice and clinical trials modulating microglial activity and amyloid deposition. Moreover, the finding that three of these markers differentiate amyloid-positive from amyloid-negative MCI cases in the AD cohort suggests that these proteins associate with a very early immune response to seeded amyloid. This is consistent with our previous findings in the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer's Disease Network (DIAN) cohort, where soluble TREM2 increases as early as 21 years before symptom onset. Moreover, in mouse models for amyloidogenesis, seeding of amyloid is limited by physiologically active microglia further supporting their early protective role. The biological functions of some of our main candidates (FABP3, CD44, GPNMB) also further emphasize that lipid dysmetabolism may be a common feature of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Pesämaa
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (GSN), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry & Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Stephan A Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie Robinson
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (GSN), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alana Darcher
- Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominik Paquet
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry & Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Haass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Munich, Germany.
- Biomedical Centre (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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16
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Barreto GE. Repurposing of Tibolone in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1115. [PMID: 37509151 PMCID: PMC10377087 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease characterised by the accumulation of amyloid-beta and tau in the brain, leading to the progressive loss of memory and cognition. The causes of its pathogenesis are still not fully understood, but some risk factors, such as age, genetics, and hormones, may play a crucial role. Studies show that postmenopausal women have a higher risk of developing AD, possibly due to the decrease in hormone levels, especially oestrogen, which may be directly related to a reduction in the activity of oestrogen receptors, especially beta (ERβ), which favours a more hostile cellular environment, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, mainly affecting key processes related to transport, metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation. Given the influence of hormones on biological processes at the mitochondrial level, hormone therapies are of clinical interest to reduce the risk or delay the onset of symptoms associated with AD. One drug with such potential is tibolone, which is used in clinics to treat menopause-related symptoms. It can reduce amyloid burden and have benefits on mitochondrial integrity and dynamics. Many of its protective effects are mediated through steroid receptors and may also be related to neuroglobin, whose elevated levels have been shown to protect against neurological diseases. Its importance has increased exponentially due to its implication in the pathogenesis of AD. In this review, we discuss recent advances in tibolone, focusing on its mitochondrial-protective effects, and highlight how valuable this compound could be as a therapeutic alternative to mitigate the molecular pathways characteristic of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
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17
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Wang SM, Kang DW, Um YH, Kim S, Kim REY, Kim D, Lee CU, Lim HK. Cognitive Normal Older Adults with APOE-2 Allele Show a Distinctive Functional Connectivity Pattern in Response to Cerebral Aβ Deposition. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11250. [PMID: 37511008 PMCID: PMC10380008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The ε2 allele of apolipoprotein E (ε2) has neuroprotective effects against beta-amyloid (Aβ) pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, its impact on the functional connectivity and hub efficiency in cognitively normal older adults (CN) with ε2 is unclear. We investigated the functional connectivity differences in the default mode network (DMN), salience network, and central executive network (CEN) between A-PET-negative (N = 29) and A-PET-positive (N = 15) CNs with ε2/ε2 or ε2/ε3 genotypes. The A-PET-positive CNs exhibited a lower anterior DMN functional connectivity, higher posterior DMN functional connectivity, and increased CEN functional connectivity compared to the A-PET-negative CNs. Cerebral Aβ retention was negatively correlated with anterior DMN functional connectivity and positively correlated with posterior DMN and anterior CEN functional connectivity. A graph theory analysis showed that the A-PET-positive CNs displayed a higher betweenness centrality in the middle frontal gyrus (left) and medial fronto-parietal regions (left). The betweenness centrality in the middle frontal gyrus (left) was positively correlated with Aβ retention. Our findings reveal a reversed anterior-posterior dissociation in the DMN functional connectivity and heightened CEN functional connectivity in A-PET-positive CNs with ε2. Hub efficiencies, measured by betweenness centrality, were increased in the DMN and CEN of the A-PET-positive CNs with ε2. These results suggest unique functional connectivity responses to Aβ pathology in CN individuals with ε2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Min Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woo Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Hyun Um
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Regina E Y Kim
- Research Institute, Neurophet Inc., Seoul 08380, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyeon Kim
- Research Institute, Neurophet Inc., Seoul 08380, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Uk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kook Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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18
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Yuan S, Jiang SC, Zhang ZW, Fu YF, Yang XY, Li ZL, Hu J. Rethinking of Alzheimer's disease: Lysosomal overloading and dietary therapy. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1130658. [PMID: 36861123 PMCID: PMC9968973 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1130658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yuan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Shu Yuan ✉
| | - Si-Cong Jiang
- Haisco Pharmaceutical Group Comp. Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Fan Fu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin-Yue Yang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zi-Lin Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Medical University of the Air Force, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Hu
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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