1
|
Jiao D, Xu L, Gu Z, Yan H, Shen D, Gu X. Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of epilepsy: electromagnetic stimulation-mediated neuromodulation therapy and new technologies. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:917-935. [PMID: 38989927 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a severe, relapsing, and multifactorial neurological disorder. Studies regarding the accurate diagnosis, prognosis, and in-depth pathogenesis are crucial for the precise and effective treatment of epilepsy. The pathogenesis of epilepsy is complex and involves alterations in variables such as gene expression, protein expression, ion channel activity, energy metabolites, and gut microbiota composition. Satisfactory results are lacking for conventional treatments for epilepsy. Surgical resection of lesions, drug therapy, and non-drug interventions are mainly used in clinical practice to treat pain associated with epilepsy. Non-pharmacological treatments, such as a ketogenic diet, gene therapy for nerve regeneration, and neural regulation, are currently areas of research focus. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, and treatments of epilepsy. It also elaborates on the theoretical basis, treatment modes, and effects of invasive nerve stimulation in neurotherapy, including percutaneous vagus nerve stimulation, deep brain electrical stimulation, repetitive nerve electrical stimulation, in addition to non-invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation. Numerous studies have shown that electromagnetic stimulation-mediated neuromodulation therapy can markedly improve neurological function and reduce the frequency of epileptic seizures. Additionally, many new technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy are being explored. However, current research is mainly focused on analyzing patients' clinical manifestations and exploring relevant diagnostic and treatment methods to study the pathogenesis at a molecular level, which has led to a lack of consensus regarding the mechanisms related to the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dian Jiao
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lai Xu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Gu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dingding Shen
- Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wei C, Fu M, Zhang H, Yao B. How is the P2X7 receptor signaling pathway involved in epileptogenesis? Neurochem Int 2024; 173:105675. [PMID: 38211839 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy, a condition characterized by spontaneous recurrent epileptic seizures, is among the most prevalent neurological disorders. This disorder is estimated to affect approximately 70 million people worldwide. Although antiseizure medications are considered the first-line treatments for epilepsy, most of the available antiepileptic drugs are not effective in nearly one-third of patients. This calls for the development of more effective drugs. Evidence from animal models and epilepsy patients suggests that strategies that interfere with the P2X7 receptor by binding to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are potential treatments for this patient population. This review describes the role of the P2X7 receptor signaling pathways in epileptogenesis. We highlight the genes, purinergic signaling, Pannexin1, glutamatergic signaling, adenosine kinase, calcium signaling, and inflammatory response factors involved in the process, and conclude with a synopsis of these key connections. By unraveling the intricate interplay between P2X7 receptors and epileptogenesis, this review provides ideas for designing potent clinical therapies that will revolutionize both prevention and treatment for epileptic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caichuan Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, China
| | - Miaoying Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, China
| | - Haiju Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, China
| | - Baozhen Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen S, Huang M, Xu D, Li M. Epigenetic regulation in epilepsy: A novel mechanism and therapeutic strategy for epilepsy. Neurochem Int 2024; 173:105657. [PMID: 38145842 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures with excessive and abnormal neuronal discharges. Epileptogenesis is usually involved in neuropathological processes such as ion channel dysfunction, neuronal injury, inflammatory response, synaptic plasticity, gliocyte proliferation and mossy fiber sprouting, currently the pathogenesis of epilepsy is not yet completely understood. A growing body of studies have shown that epigenetic regulation, such as histone modifications, DNA methylation, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and restrictive element-1 silencing transcription factor/neuron-restrictive silencing factor (REST/NRSF) are also involved in epilepsy. Through epigenetic studies, we found that the synaptic dysfunction, nerve damage, cognitive dysfunction and brain development abnormalities are affected by epigenetic regulation of epilepsy-related genes in patients with epilepsy. However, the functional roles of epigenetics in pathogenesis and treatment of epilepsy are still to be explored. Therefore, profiling the array of genes that are epigenetically dysregulated in epileptogenesis is likely to advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of epilepsy and may for the amelioration of these serious human conditions provide novel insight into therapeutic strategies and diagnostic biomarkers for epilepsy to improve serious human condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Ming Huang
- Department of Neurology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Da Xu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hershberger CE, Louis S, Busch RM, Vegh D, Najm I, Bazeley P, Eng C, Jehi L, Rotroff DM. Molecular subtypes of epilepsy associated with post-surgical seizure recurrence. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad251. [PMID: 37881482 PMCID: PMC10597540 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 50% of individuals who undergo resective epilepsy surgery experience seizure recurrence. The heterogenous post-operative outcomes are not fully explained by clinical, imaging and electrophysiological variables. We hypothesized that molecular features may be useful in understanding surgical response, and that individuals with epilepsy can be classified into molecular subtypes that are associated with seizure freedom or recurrence after surgical resection. Pre-operative blood samples, brain tissue and post-operative seizure outcomes were collected from a cohort of 40 individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy, 23 of whom experienced post-operative seizure recurrence. Messenger RNA and microRNA extracted from the blood and tissue samples were sequenced. The messenger RNA and microRNA expression levels from the blood and brain were each subjected to a novel clustering approach combined with multiple logistic regression to separate individuals into genetic clusters that identify novel subtypes associated with post-operative seizure outcomes. We then compared the microRNAs and messenger RNAs from patient blood and brain tissue that were significantly associated with each subtype to identify signatures that are similarly over- or under-represented for an outcome and more likely to represent endophenotypes with common molecular aetiology. These target microRNAs and messenger RNAs were further characterized by pathway analysis to assess their functional role in epilepsy. Using blood-derived microRNA and messenger RNA expression levels, we identified two subtypes of epilepsy that were significantly associated with seizure recurrence (clusters A1 and B4) (adjusted P < 0.20). A total of 551 microRNAs and 2486 messenger RNAs were associated with clusters A1 and B4, respectively (adjusted P < 0.05). Clustering of brain-tissue messenger RNA expression levels revealed an additional subtype (C2) associated with seizure recurrence that had high overlap of dysregulated messenger RNA transcripts with cluster B4. Clusters A1, B4 and C2 also shared significant overlap of subjects, which altogether suggests a coordinated mechanism by which microRNA and messenger RNA transcripts may be related to seizure recurrence. Epileptic subtypes A1, B4 and C2 reveal both known and novel microRNA and messenger RNA targets in seizure recurrence. Furthermore, targets identified in A1 and B4 are quantifiable in pre-operative blood samples and could potentially serve as biomarkers for surgical resection outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney E Hershberger
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Shreya Louis
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Robyn M Busch
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Deborah Vegh
- Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Imad Najm
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Peter Bazeley
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Charis Eng
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Center for Personalized Genetic Healthcare, Community Care and Population Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Lara Jehi
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Daniel M Rotroff
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Center for Quantitative Metabolic Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rashidi SK, Kalirad A, Rafie S, Behzad E, Dezfouli MA. The role of microRNAs in neurobiology and pathophysiology of the hippocampus. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1226413. [PMID: 37727513 PMCID: PMC10506409 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1226413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding and well-conserved RNAs that are linked to many aspects of development and disorders. MicroRNAs control the expression of genes related to different biological processes and play a prominent role in the harmonious expression of many genes. During neural development of the central nervous system, miRNAs are regulated in time and space. In the mature brain, the dynamic expression of miRNAs continues, highlighting their functional importance in neurons. The hippocampus, as one of the crucial brain structures, is a key component of major functional connections in brain. Gene expression abnormalities in the hippocampus lead to disturbance in neurogenesis, neural maturation and synaptic formation. These disturbances are at the root of several neurological disorders and behavioral deficits, including Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy and schizophrenia. There is strong evidence that abnormalities in miRNAs are contributed in neurodegenerative mechanisms in the hippocampus through imbalanced activity of ion channels, neuronal excitability, synaptic plasticity and neuronal apoptosis. Some miRNAs affect oxidative stress, inflammation, neural differentiation, migration and neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Furthermore, major signaling cascades in neurodegeneration, such as NF-Kβ signaling, PI3/Akt signaling and Notch pathway, are closely modulated by miRNAs. These observations, suggest that microRNAs are significant regulators in the complicated network of gene regulation in the hippocampus. In the current review, we focus on the miRNA functional role in the progression of normal development and neurogenesis of the hippocampus. We also consider how miRNAs in the hippocampus are crucial for gene expression mechanisms in pathophysiological pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Khalil Rashidi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ata Kalirad
- Department of Integrative Evolutionary Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Shahram Rafie
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Neuroscience Lab, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Behzad
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Neuroscience Lab, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mitra Ansari Dezfouli
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Neuroscience Lab, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Heiland M, Connolly NMC, Mamad O, Nguyen NT, Kesavan JC, Langa E, Fanning K, Sanfeliu A, Yan Y, Su J, Venø MT, Costard LS, Neubert V, Engel T, Hill TDM, Freiman TM, Mahesh A, Tiwari VK, Rosenow F, Bauer S, Kjems J, Morris G, Henshall DC. MicroRNA-335-5p suppresses voltage-gated sodium channel expression and may be a target for seizure control. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2216658120. [PMID: 37463203 PMCID: PMC10372546 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216658120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
There remains an urgent need for new therapies for treatment-resistant epilepsy. Sodium channel blockers are effective for seizure control in common forms of epilepsy, but loss of sodium channel function underlies some genetic forms of epilepsy. Approaches that provide bidirectional control of sodium channel expression are needed. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small noncoding RNAs which negatively regulate gene expression. Here we show that genome-wide miRNA screening of hippocampal tissue from a rat epilepsy model, mice treated with the antiseizure medicine cannabidiol, and plasma from patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy, converge on a single target-miR-335-5p. Pathway analysis on predicted and validated miR-335-5p targets identified multiple voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs). Intracerebroventricular injection of antisense oligonucleotides against miR-335-5p resulted in upregulation of Scn1a, Scn2a, and Scn3a in the mouse brain and an increased action potential rising phase and greater excitability of hippocampal pyramidal neurons in brain slice recordings, consistent with VGSCs as functional targets of miR-335-5p. Blocking miR-335-5p also increased voltage-gated sodium currents and SCN1A, SCN2A, and SCN3A expression in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons. Inhibition of miR-335-5p increased susceptibility to tonic-clonic seizures in the pentylenetetrazol seizure model, whereas adeno-associated virus 9-mediated overexpression of miR-335-5p reduced seizure severity and improved survival. These studies suggest modulation of miR-335-5p may be a means to regulate VGSCs and affect neuronal excitability and seizures. Changes to miR-335-5p may reflect compensatory mechanisms to control excitability and could provide biomarker or therapeutic strategies for different types of treatment-resistant epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Heiland
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Niamh M. C. Connolly
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Omar Mamad
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Ngoc T. Nguyen
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Jaideep C. Kesavan
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Elena Langa
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Kevin Fanning
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Albert Sanfeliu
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Yan Yan
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Aarhus University, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
- Omiics, 8200Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Junyi Su
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Aarhus University, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Morten T. Venø
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Aarhus University, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
- Omiics, 8200Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Lara S. Costard
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg35043, Germany
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt a.M.60528, Germany
- Landes-Offensive zur Entwicklung Wissenschaftlich-ökonomischer Exzellenz, Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt a.M.60528, Germany
| | - Valentin Neubert
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg35043, Germany
| | - Tobias Engel
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Thomas D. M. Hill
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Thomas M. Freiman
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt a.M.60528, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rostock, Rostock18057, Germany
| | - Arun Mahesh
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000Odense, Denmark
| | - Vijay K. Tiwari
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000Odense, Denmark
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University, BelfastBT9 7BL, United Kingdom
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, 5230Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, 5000Odense, Denmark
| | - Felix Rosenow
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg35043, Germany
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt a.M.60528, Germany
- Landes-Offensive zur Entwicklung Wissenschaftlich-ökonomischer Exzellenz, Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt a.M.60528, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bauer
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg35043, Germany
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt a.M.60528, Germany
- Landes-Offensive zur Entwicklung Wissenschaftlich-ökonomischer Exzellenz, Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt a.M.60528, Germany
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Aarhus University, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Gareth Morris
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, LondonWC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - David C. Henshall
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sibarov DA, Tsytsarev V, Volnova A, Vaganova AN, Alves J, Rojas L, Sanabria P, Ignashchenkova A, Savage ED, Inyushin M. Arc protein, a remnant of ancient retrovirus, forms virus-like particles, which are abundantly generated by neurons during epileptic seizures, and affects epileptic susceptibility in rodent models. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1201104. [PMID: 37483450 PMCID: PMC10361770 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1201104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A product of the immediate early gene Arc (Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein or Arc protein) of retroviral ancestry resides in the genome of all tetrapods for millions of years and is expressed endogenously in neurons. It is a well-known protein, very important for synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation. Activity-dependent Arc expression concentrated in glutamatergic synapses affects the long-time synaptic strength of those excitatory synapses. Because it modulates excitatory-inhibitory balance in a neuronal network, the Arc gene itself was found to be related to the pathogenesis of epilepsy. General Arc knockout rodent models develop a susceptibility to epileptic seizures. Because of activity dependence, synaptic Arc protein synthesis also is affected by seizures. Interestingly, it was found that Arc protein in synapses of active neurons self-assemble in capsids of retrovirus-like particles, which can transfer genetic information between neurons, at least across neuronal synaptic boutons. Released Arc particles can be accumulated in astrocytes after seizures. It is still not known how capsid assembling and transmission timescale is affected by seizures. This scientific field is relatively novel and is experiencing swift transformation as it grapples with difficult concepts in light of evolving experimental findings. We summarize the emergent literature on the subject and also discuss the specific rodent models for studying Arc effects in epilepsy. We summarized both to clarify the possible role of Arc-related pseudo-viral particles in epileptic disorders, which may be helpful to researchers interested in this growing area of investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A. Sibarov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vassiliy Tsytsarev
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Anna Volnova
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia N. Vaganova
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Janaina Alves
- School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR, United States
| | - Legier Rojas
- School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR, United States
| | - Priscila Sanabria
- School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR, United States
| | | | | | - Mikhail Inyushin
- School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mahdipour R, Ebrahimzadeh-Bideskan A, Hosseini M, Shahba S, Lombardi G, Malvandi AM, Mohammadipour A. The benefits of grape seed extract in neurological disorders and brain aging. Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:369-383. [PMID: 35343876 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2051954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Common neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, epilepsy, autism and psychiatric disorders, affect many people worldwide and threaten their lives and health by inducing movement disorders, behavioral disorders, or a combination of both. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation play a central role in neuronal damage and neurological diseases induction and progression. In addition, protein homeostasis (proteostasis) impairment occurs in many neurodegenerative diseases, which plays a critical role in the progression of the pathology. Grape seed contains several flavonoids and non-flavonoids and exerts potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, polyphenols and flavanols can maintain cellular proteostasis. Since impaired proteostasis is closely involved in all amyloid diseases, particularly neurodegenerative diseases, grape seeds extract can be a valuable therapeutic agent. Therefore, this review discusses the protective and therapeutic mechanisms of grape seed against neurological disorders and, in the end, links GSE to microRNAs as future therapeutic developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Mahdipour
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Ebrahimzadeh-Bideskan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara Shahba
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Amir Mohammad Malvandi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - Abbas Mohammadipour
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Centomo ML, Vitiello M, Poliseno L, Pandolfi PP. An Immunocompetent Environment Unravels the Proto-Oncogenic Role of miR-22. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246255. [PMID: 36551740 PMCID: PMC9776418 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MiR-22 was first identified as a proto-oncogenic microRNA (miRNA) due to its ability to post-transcriptionally suppress the expression of the potent PTEN (Phosphatase And Tensin Homolog) tumor suppressor gene. miR-22 tumorigenic role in cancer was subsequently supported by its ability to positively trigger lipogenesis, anabolic metabolism, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) towards the metastatic spread. However, during the following years, the picture was complicated by the identification of targets that support a tumor-suppressive role in certain tissues or cell types. Indeed, many papers have been published where in vitro cellular assays and in vivo immunodeficient or immunosuppressed xenograft models are used. However, here we show that all the studies performed in vivo, in immunocompetent transgenic and knock-out animal models, unanimously support a proto-oncogenic role for miR-22. Since miR-22 is actively secreted from and readily exchanged between normal and tumoral cells, a functional immune dimension at play could well represent the divider that allows reconciling these contradictory findings. In addition to a critical review of this vast literature, here we provide further proof of the oncogenic role of miR-22 through the analysis of its genomic locus vis a vis the genetic landscape of human cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Centomo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- William N. Pennington Cancer Institute, Renown Health, Nevada System of Higher Education, Reno, NV 89502, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV 89512, USA
| | - Marianna Vitiello
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Oncogenomics Unit, Core Research Laboratory, ISPRO, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Poliseno
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Oncogenomics Unit, Core Research Laboratory, ISPRO, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.P.); (P.P.P.); Tel.: +39-050-315-2780 (L.P.); +1-775-982-6210 (P.P.P.); Fax: +39-050-315-3327 (L.P.); +1-775-982-4288 (P.P.P.)
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- William N. Pennington Cancer Institute, Renown Health, Nevada System of Higher Education, Reno, NV 89502, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV 89512, USA
- Correspondence: (L.P.); (P.P.P.); Tel.: +39-050-315-2780 (L.P.); +1-775-982-6210 (P.P.P.); Fax: +39-050-315-3327 (L.P.); +1-775-982-4288 (P.P.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Guerra Leal B, Barros-Barbosa A, Ferreirinha F, Chaves J, Rangel R, Santos A, Carvalho C, Martins-Ferreira R, Samões R, Freitas J, Lopes J, Ramalheira J, Lobo MG, Martins da Silva A, Costa PP, Correia-de-Sá P. Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (MTLE) Drug-Refractoriness Is Associated With P2X7 Receptors Overexpression in the Human Hippocampus and Temporal Neocortex and May Be Predicted by Low Circulating Levels of miR-22. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:910662. [PMID: 35875355 PMCID: PMC9300956 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.910662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: ATP-gated ionotropic P2X7 receptors (P2X7R) actively participate in epilepsy and other neurological disorders. Neocortical nerve terminals of patients with Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hippocampal Sclerosis (MTLE-HS) express higher P2X7R amounts. Overexpression of P2X7R bolsters ATP signals during seizures resulting in glial cell activation, cytokines production, and GABAergic rundown with unrestrained glutamatergic excitation. In a mouse model of status epilepticus, increased expression of P2X7R has been associated with the down-modulation of the non-coding micro RNA, miR-22. MiR levels are stable in biological fluids and normally reflect remote tissue production making them ideal disease biomarkers. Here, we compared P2X7R and miR-22 expression in epileptic brains and in the serum of patients with MTLE-HS, respectively.Methods: Quantitative RT-PCR was used to evaluate the expression of P2X7R in the hippocampus and anterior temporal lobe of 23 patients with MTLE-HS and 10 cadaveric controls. Confocal microscopy and Western blot analysis were performed to assess P2X7R protein amounts. MiR-22 expression was evaluated in cell-free sera of 40 MTLE-HS patients and 48 healthy controls.Results: Nerve terminals of the hippocampus and neocortical temporal lobe of MTLE-HS patients overexpress (p < 0.05) an 85 kDa P2X7R protein whereas the normally occurring 67 kDa receptor protein dominates in the brain of the cadaveric controls. Contrariwise, miR-22 serum levels are diminished (p < 0.001) in MTLE-HS patients compared to age-matched control blood donors, a situation that is more evident in patients requiring multiple (>3) anti-epileptic drug (AED) regimens.Conclusion: Data show that there is an inverse relationship between miR-22 serum levels and P2X7R expression in the hippocampus and neocortex of MTLE-HS patients, which implies that measuring serum miR-22 may be a clinical surrogate of P2X7R brain expression in the MTLE-HS. Moreover, the high area under the ROC curve (0.777; 95% CI 0.629–0.925; p = 0.001) suggests that low miR-22 serum levels may be a sensitive predictor of poor response to AEDs among MTLE-HS patients. Results also anticipate that targeting the miR-22/P2X7R axis may be a good strategy to develop newer AEDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Guerra Leal
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar—Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Pathology and Immunology Department, ICBAS-UP, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Aurora Barros-Barbosa
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia—Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), ICBAS-UP, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Ferreirinha
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia—Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), ICBAS-UP, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Chaves
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar—Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
- Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António—Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto (HSA-CHUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Rangel
- Serviço de Neurocirurgia, HSA-CHUP, Porto, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Santos
- Serviço de Patologia Forense, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses—Delegação do Norte (INMLCF-DN), Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Carvalho
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Pathology and Immunology Department, ICBAS-UP, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Martins-Ferreira
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar—Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Pathology and Immunology Department, ICBAS-UP, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Samões
- Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António—Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto (HSA-CHUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Joel Freitas
- Serviço de Neurofisiologia, HSA-CHUP, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Lopes
- Serviço de Neurofisiologia, HSA-CHUP, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Maria Graça Lobo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia—Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), ICBAS-UP, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Martins da Silva
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar—Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Serviço de Neurofisiologia, HSA-CHUP, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo P. Costa
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar—Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Correia-de-Sá
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia—Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), ICBAS-UP, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Paulo Correia-de-Sá orcid.org/0000-0002-6114-9189
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gerbatin RR, Augusto J, Boutouil H, Reschke CR, Henshall DC. Life-span characterization of epilepsy and comorbidities in Dravet syndrome mice carrying a targeted deletion of exon 1 of the Scn1a gene. Exp Neurol 2022; 354:114090. [PMID: 35487274 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dravet Syndrome (DS) is a catastrophic form of paediatric epilepsy associated with multiple comorbidities mainly caused by mutations in the SCN1A gene. DS progresses in three different phases termed febrile, worsening and stabilization stage. Mice that are haploinsufficient for Scn1a faithfully model each stage of DS, although various aspects have not been fully described, including the temporal appearance and sex differences of the epilepsy and comorbidities. The aim of the present study was to investigate the epilepsy landscape according to the progression of DS and the long-term co-morbidities in the Scn1a(+/-)tm1Kea DS mouse line that are not fully understood yet. METHODS Male and female F1.Scn1a(+/+) and F1.Scn1a(+/-)tm1Kea mice were assessed in the hyperthermia model or monitored by video electroencephalogram (vEEG) and wireless video-EEG according to the respective stage of DS. Long-term comorbidities were investigated through a battery of behaviour assessments in ~6 month-old mice. RESULTS At P18, F1.Scn1a(+/-)tm1Kea mice showed the expected sensitivity to hyperthermia-induced seizures. Between P21 and P28, EEG recordings in F1.Scn1a(+/-)tm1Kea mice combined with video monitoring revealed a high frequency of SRS and SUDEP. Power spectral analyses of background EEG activity also revealed that low EEG power in multiple frequency bands was associated with SUDEP risk in F1.Scn1a(+/-)tm1Kea mice during the worsening stage of DS. Later, SRS and SUDEP rates stabilized and then declined in F1.Scn1a(+/-)tm1kea mice. Incidence of SRS ending with death in F1.Scn1a(+/-)tm1kea mice displayed variations with the time of day and sex, with female mice displaying higher numbers of severe seizures resulting in greater SUDEP risk. F1.Scn1a(+/-)tm1kea mice ~6 month-old displayed fewer behavioural impairments than expected including hyperactivity, impaired exploratory behaviour and poor nest building performance. SIGNIFICANCE These results reveal new features of this model that will optimize use and selection of phenotype assays for future studies on the mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of DS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rogério R Gerbatin
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland; FutureNeuro SFI Research Centre, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joana Augusto
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Halima Boutouil
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cristina R Reschke
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland; FutureNeuro SFI Research Centre, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland; School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David C Henshall
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland; FutureNeuro SFI Research Centre, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Su Z, Li Y, Chen S, Liu X, Zhao K, Peng Y, Zhou L. Identification of Ion Channel-Related Genes and miRNA-mRNA Networks in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Front Genet 2022; 13:853529. [PMID: 35422840 PMCID: PMC9001885 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.853529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: It aimed to construct the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network related to ion channel genes in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE), and further identify the vital node in the network. Methods: Firstly, we identified ion channel-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in mTLE using the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology (GTP) database, neXtProt database, GeneCards database, and the high-throughput sequencing dataset. Then the STRING online database was used to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs, and the hub module in the PPI network was identified using the cytoHubba plug-in of Cytoscape software. In addition, the Single Cell Portal database was used to distinguish genes expression in different cell types. Based on the TarBase database, EpimiRBase database and the high-throughput sequencing dataset GSE99455, miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was constructed from selected miRNAs and their corresponding target genes from the identified DEGs. Finally, the rats were selected to construct chronic li-pilocarpine epilepsy model for the next stage experimental verification, and the miR-27a-3p mimic was used to regulate the miRNA expression level in PC12 cells. The relative expression of miR-27a-3p and its targeting mRNAs were determined by RT-qPCR. Results: 80 mTLE ion channel-related DEGs had been screened. The functional enrichment analysis results of these genes were highly enriched in voltage-gated channel activation and ion transport across membranes. In addition, the hub module, consisting of the Top20 genes in the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, was identified, which was mainly enriched in excitatory neurons in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. Besides, 14 miRNAs targeting hub module genes were screened, especially the miR-27a-3p deserving particular attention. miR-27a-3p was capable of regulating multiple mTLE ion channel-related DEGs. Moreover, in Li–pilocarpine-induced epilepsy models, the expression level of miR-27a-3p was increased and the mRNAs expression level of KCNB1, SCN1B and KCNQ2 was decreased significantly. The mRNAs expression level of KCNB1 and KCNQ2 was decreased significantly following PC12 cells transfection with miR-27a-3p mimics. Conclusion: The hub ion channel-related DEGs in mTLE and the miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks had been identified. Moreover, the network of miR-27a-3p regulating ion channel genes will be of great value in mTLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Su
- Department of Neurology, The Seven Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinchao Li
- Department of Neurology, The Seven Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuda Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Seven Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xianyue Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Seven Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Seven Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liemin Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Seven Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rastegar-moghaddam SH, Ebrahimzadeh-Bideskan A, Shahba S, Malvandi AM, Mohammadipour A. MicroRNA-22: a Novel and Potent Biological Therapeutics in Neurological Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:2694-2701. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02769-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
14
|
Gross C. Myeloid EP2 Receptors in Status Epilepticus-Peripheral But Not Negligible. Epilepsy Curr 2021; 21:194-196. [PMID: 34867102 PMCID: PMC8609581 DOI: 10.1177/15357597211003107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral Myeloid Cell EP2 Activation Contributes to the Deleterious Consequences of Status Epilepticus Varvel NH, Espinosa-Garcia C, Hunter-Chang S, Chen Di, Biegel A, Hsieh A, Blackmer-Raynolds L, Ganesh T, Dingledine R. J Neurosci. 2021;41(5):1105-1117. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2040-20.2020 A multidimensional inflammatory response ensues after status epilepticus (SE), driven partly by cyclooxygenase-2-mediated activation of prostaglandin EP2 receptors. The inflammatory response is typified by astrocytosis, microgliosis, erosion of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), formation of inflammatory cytokines, and brain infiltration of blood-borne monocytes. Our previous studies have shown that inhibition of monocyte brain invasion or systemic administration of an EP2 receptor antagonist relieves multiple deleterious consequences of SE. Here, we identify those effects of EP2 antagonism that are reproduced by conditional ablation of EP2 receptors in immune myeloid cells and show that systemic EP2 antagonism blocks monocyte brain entry in male mice. The induction of hippocampal interleukin-6 after pilocarpine SE was nearly abolished in EP2 conditional knockout (KO) mice. Serum albumin levels in the cortex, a measure of BBB breakdown, were significantly higher after SE in EP2-sufficient mice but not in EP2 conditional KOs. The EP2 deficiency in innate immune cells accelerated the recovery from sickness behaviors following SE. Surprisingly, neurodegeneration was not alleviated in myeloid conditional KOs. Systemic EP2 antagonism prevented monocyte brain infiltration and provided broader rescue of SE-induced effects than myeloid EP2 ablation, including neuroprotection and broader suppression of inflammatory mediators. Reporter expression indicated that the cellular target of CD11b-driven Cre was circulating myeloid cells but, unexpectedly, not microglia. These findings indicate that activation of EP2 receptors on immune myeloid cells drives substantial deficits in behavior and disrupts the BBB after SE. The benefits of systemic EP2 antagonism can be attributed, in part, to blocking brain recruitment of blood-borne monocytes. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Unabated seizures reduce quality of life, promote the development of epilepsy, and can be fatal. We previously identified activation of prostaglandin EP2 receptors as a driver of undesirable consequences of seizures. However, the relevant EP2-expressing cell types remain unclear. Here we identify peripheral innate immune cells as a driver of the EP2-related negative consequences of seizures. Removal of EP2 from peripheral immune cells was beneficial, abolishing production of a key inflammatory cytokine, accelerating weight regain, and limiting behavioral deficits. These findings provide evidence that EP2 engagement on peripheral immune and brain endothelia contributes to the deleterious effects of SE, and will assist in the development of beneficial therapies to enhance quality of life in individuals who suffer prolonged seizures.
Collapse
|
15
|
da Silva Fiorin F, de Araújo E Silva M, Rodrigues AC. Electrical stimulation in animal models of epilepsy: A review on cellular and electrophysiological aspects. Life Sci 2021; 285:119972. [PMID: 34560081 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a debilitating condition, primarily refractory individuals, leading to the search for new efficient therapies. Electrical stimulation is an important method used for years to treat several neurological disorders. Currently, electrical stimulation is used to reduce epileptic crisis in patients and shows promising results. Even though the use of electricity to treat neurological disorders has grown worldwide, there are still many caveats that must be clarified, such as action mechanisms and more efficient stimulation treatment parameters. Thus, this review aimed to explore the comprehension of the main stimulation methods in animal models of epilepsy using rodents to develop new experimental protocols and therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando da Silva Fiorin
- Graduate Program in Neuroengineering, Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Santos Dumont Institute, Brazil.
| | - Mariane de Araújo E Silva
- Graduate Program in Neuroengineering, Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Santos Dumont Institute, Brazil
| | - Abner Cardoso Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Neuroengineering, Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Santos Dumont Institute, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bohosova J, Vajcner J, Jabandziev P, Oslejskova H, Slaby O, Aulicka S. MicroRNAs in the development of resistance to antiseizure drugs and their potential as biomarkers in pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Epilepsia 2021; 62:2573-2588. [PMID: 34486106 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Although many new antiseizure drugs have been developed in the past decade, approximately 30%-40% of patients remain pharmacoresistant. There are no clinical tools or guidelines for predicting therapeutic response in individual patients, leaving them no choice other than to try all antiseizure drugs available as they suffer debilitating seizures with no relief. The discovery of predictive biomarkers and early identification of pharmacoresistant patients is of the highest priority in this group. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of short noncoding RNAs negatively regulating gene expression, have emerged in recent years in epilepsy, following a broader trend of their exploitation as biomarkers of various complex human diseases. We performed a systematic search of the PubMed database for original research articles focused on miRNA expression level profiling in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy or drug-resistant precilinical models and cell cultures. In this review, we summarize 17 publications concerning miRNAs as potential new biomarkers of resistance to antiseizure drugs and their potential role in the development of drug resistance or epilepsy. Although numerous knowledge gaps need to be filled and reviewed, and articles share some study design pitfalls, several miRNAs dysregulated in brain tissue and blood serum were identified independently by more than one paper. These results suggest a unique opportunity for disease monitoring and personalized therapeutic management in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bohosova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Vajcner
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Brno Epilepsy Center, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Jabandziev
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Oslejskova
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Brno Epilepsy Center, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stefania Aulicka
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, Brno Epilepsy Center, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pansani AP, Ghazale PP, Dos Santos EG, Dos Santos Borges K, Gomes KP, Lacerda IS, Castro CH, Mendes EP, Dos Santos FCA, Biancardi MF, Nejm MB, Dogini DB, Rabelo LA, Nunes-Souza V, Scorza FA, Colugnati DB. The number and periodicity of seizures induce cardiac remodeling and changes in micro-RNA expression in rats submitted to electric amygdala kindling model of epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 116:107784. [PMID: 33548915 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.107784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) are the main risk factor for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Also, among the several mechanisms underlying SUDEP there is the cardiac dysfunction. So, we aimed to evaluate the impact of the number of seizures on heart function and morphology in rats with epilepsy. Rats were randomized into three groups: Sham (without epilepsy), 5 S, and 10 S groups, referred as rats with epilepsy with a total of 5 or 10 GTCS, respectively. Epilepsy was induced by electrical amygdala kindling. The ventricular function was analyzed by the Langendorff technique and challenged by ischemia/reperfusion protocol. Cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy were analyzed by histology. We also analyzed cardiac metalloproteinases (MMP2 and MMP9), ERK 1/2 and phosphorylated ERK1/2 (P-ERK) by western blot; microRNA-21 and -320 by RT-PCR; and oxidative stress (TBARS, catalase activity and nitrite) by biochemical analysis. Only the 5S group presented decreased values of ventricular function at before ischemia/reperfusion (baseline): intraventricular systolic pressure, developed intraventricular pressure, positive and negative dP/dt. During ischemia/reperfusion protocol, the variation of the ventricular function did not differ among groups. Both 5S and 10S groups had increased cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis compared to Sham, but in the 5S group, these alterations were higher than in the 10S group. The 5S group increased in microRNA-21 and decreased in microRNA-320 expression compared to Sham and the 10S group. The 10S group increased in MMP9 and decreased in P-ERK/ERK expression, and increased in nitrite content compared to both Sham and the 5S group. Therefore, seizures impair cardiac function and morphology, probably through microRNA modulation. The continuation of seizures seems to exert a preconditioning-like stimulus that fails to compensate the cardiac tissue alteration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Priscila Pansani
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.
| | - Poliana Peres Ghazale
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emilly Gomes Dos Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Kiscilla Dos Santos Borges
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Karina Pereira Gomes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Ismaley Santos Lacerda
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Castro
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Pereira Mendes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mariana Bocca Nejm
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danyella Barbosa Dogini
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiza Antas Rabelo
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Valéria Nunes-Souza
- Department of Physiological and Pharmacology Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Fulvio Alexandre Scorza
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Basile Colugnati
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Reschke CR, Silva LFA, Vangoor VR, Rosso M, David B, Cavanagh BL, Connolly NMC, Brennan GP, Sanz-Rodriguez A, Mooney C, Batool A, Greene C, Brennan M, Conroy RM, Rüber T, Prehn JHM, Campbell M, Pasterkamp RJ, Henshall DC. Systemic delivery of antagomirs during blood-brain barrier disruption is disease-modifying in experimental epilepsy. Mol Ther 2021; 29:2041-2052. [PMID: 33609732 PMCID: PMC8178478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligonucleotide therapies offer precision treatments for a variety of neurological diseases, including epilepsy, but their deployment is hampered by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Previous studies showed that intracerebroventricular injection of an antisense oligonucleotide (antagomir) targeting microRNA-134 (Ant-134) reduced evoked and spontaneous seizures in animal models of epilepsy. In this study, we used assays of serum protein and tracer extravasation to determine that BBB disruption occurring after status epilepticus in mice was sufficient to permit passage of systemically injected Ant-134 into the brain parenchyma. Intraperitoneal and intravenous injection of Ant-134 reached the hippocampus and blocked seizure-induced upregulation of miR-134. A single intraperitoneal injection of Ant-134 at 2 h after status epilepticus in mice resulted in potent suppression of spontaneous recurrent seizures, reaching a 99.5% reduction during recordings at 3 months. The duration of spontaneous seizures, when they occurred, was also reduced in Ant-134-treated mice. In vivo knockdown of LIM kinase-1 (Limk-1) increased seizure frequency in Ant-134-treated mice, implicating de-repression of Limk-1 in the antagomir mechanism. These studies indicate that systemic delivery of Ant-134 reaches the brain and produces long-lasting seizure-suppressive effects after systemic injection in mice when timed with BBB disruption and may be a clinically viable approach for this and other disease-modifying microRNA therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina R Reschke
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; FutureNeuro SFI Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Luiz F A Silva
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Vamshidhar R Vangoor
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Massimo Rosso
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Bastian David
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Brenton L Cavanagh
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Core, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Niamh M C Connolly
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; FutureNeuro SFI Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Gary P Brennan
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; FutureNeuro SFI Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Amaya Sanz-Rodriguez
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; FutureNeuro SFI Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Catherine Mooney
- FutureNeuro SFI Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Aasia Batool
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Chris Greene
- Department of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Marian Brennan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Ronan M Conroy
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Theodor Rüber
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; FutureNeuro SFI Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Matthew Campbell
- FutureNeuro SFI Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; Department of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - R Jeroen Pasterkamp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - David C Henshall
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; FutureNeuro SFI Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|