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Perry AS, Zhang K, Murthy VL, Choi B, Zhao S, Gajjar P, Colangelo LA, Hou L, Rice MB, Carr JJ, Carson AP, Nigra AE, Vasan RS, Gerszten RE, Khan SS, Kalhan R, Nayor M, Shah RV. Proteomics, Human Environmental Exposure, and Cardiometabolic Risk. Circ Res 2024; 135:138-154. [PMID: 38662804 PMCID: PMC11189739 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.324559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biological mechanisms linking environmental exposures with cardiovascular disease pathobiology are incompletely understood. We sought to identify circulating proteomic signatures of environmental exposures and examine their associations with cardiometabolic and respiratory disease in observational cohort studies. METHODS We tested the relations of >6500 circulating proteins with 29 environmental exposures across the built environment, green space, air pollution, temperature, and social vulnerability indicators in ≈3000 participants of the CARDIA study (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) across 4 centers using penalized and ordinary linear regression. In >3500 participants from FHS (Framingham Heart Study) and JHS (Jackson Heart Study), we evaluated the prospective relations of proteomic signatures of the envirome with cardiovascular disease and mortality using Cox models. RESULTS Proteomic signatures of the envirome identified novel/established cardiovascular disease-relevant pathways including DNA damage, fibrosis, inflammation, and mitochondrial function. The proteomic signatures of the envirome were broadly related to cardiometabolic disease and respiratory phenotypes (eg, body mass index, lipids, and left ventricular mass) in CARDIA, with replication in FHS/JHS. A proteomic signature of social vulnerability was associated with a composite of cardiovascular disease/mortality (1428 events; FHS: hazard ratio, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.08-1.24]; P=1.77×10-5; JHS: hazard ratio, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.14-1.38]; P=6.38×10-6; hazard ratio expressed as per 1 SD increase in proteomic signature), robust to adjustment for known clinical risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Environmental exposures are related to an inflammatory-metabolic proteome, which identifies individuals with cardiometabolic disease and respiratory phenotypes and outcomes. Future work examining the dynamic impact of the environment on human cardiometabolic health is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Perry
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (A.S.P., S.Z., J.J.C., R.V.S.)
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, (K.Z.)
| | | | - Bina Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (B.C.)
| | - Shilin Zhao
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (A.S.P., S.Z., J.J.C., R.V.S.)
| | - Priya Gajjar
- Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Department of Medicine (P.G.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Laura A Colangelo
- Department of Preventive Medicine (L.A.C., L.H.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine (L.A.C., L.H.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Mary B Rice
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.B.R.)
| | - J Jeffrey Carr
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (A.S.P., S.Z., J.J.C., R.V.S.)
| | - April P Carson
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (A.P.C.)
| | - Anne E Nigra
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY (A.E.N.)
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Texas San Antonio (R.S.V.)
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (R.E.G.)
- Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.E.G.)
| | - Sadiya S Khan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (S.S.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Ravi Kalhan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Matthew Nayor
- Sections of Cardiovascular Medicine and Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine (M.N.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Ravi V Shah
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (A.S.P., S.Z., J.J.C., R.V.S.)
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Shatat AAS, Mahgoup EM, Rashed MH, Saleh IG, Akool ES. Molecular mechanisms of extracellular-ATP-mediated colorectal cancer progression: Implication of purinergic receptors-mediated nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of HuR. Purinergic Signal 2024:10.1007/s11302-024-10021-2. [PMID: 38801618 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-10021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide is colorectal cancer (CRC). Extracellular ATP (e-ATP) and purinergic receptors (P2R) play a central role in CRC proliferation and progression. Human antigen R (HuR) is becoming more and more understood to be essential for the expression of genes linked to cancer. The current study demonstrates that ATP can mediate CRC (Caco-2 cells) progression via induction of HuR nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and subsequent expression of cancer-related genes, a consequence mostly mediated via the P2R receptor. It was also noted that suppression of HuR activity by using dihydrotanshinone I (DHTS) prevents cancer-related gene expression and subsequent CRC (Caco-2 cells) progression induced by ATP. The expression of cyclin A2/cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), Bcl-2, ProT-α, hypoxia-inducible factor1-α (HIF1-α), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) induced by ATP were highly reduced in the presence of either PPADS (non-selective P2R antagonist) or DHTS. In addition, e-ATP-induced Caco-2 cell proliferation as well as cell survival were highly reduced in the presence of either PPADS or DHTS or selective CDK-2 inhibitor (Roscovitine) or selective Bcl-2 inhibitor (ABT-263). Furthermore, it was found that MMP-9 is critical for Caco-2 cells migration induced by e-ATP as demonstrated by a clear reduction in cells migration in the presence of a selective MMP-9 inhibitor (Marimastat). Collectively, these data demonstrate that ATP through P2R activation can induce HuR nucleocytoplasmic shuttling that could be translated into an increase in cancer-related genes expression and subsequent, cell proliferation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Aziz S Shatat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Elsayed M Mahgoup
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed H Rashed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim G Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Kantra, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed Akool
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
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3
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Lee JY, Bae K, Kim JH, Han HJ, Yoon HY, Yoon KA. Establishment and characterization of six canine hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1392728. [PMID: 38840628 PMCID: PMC11150866 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1392728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common malignant liver tumor in dogs. Although surgical resection is a major treatment option for canine HCC, there are no distinct strategies for unresectable tumor subtypes or adjuvant chemotherapy for tumors with positive margins. We aimed to establish and characterize novel HCC cell lines from canine patients. Methods The cellular morphology, general growth features and tumorigenicity of the established cell lines were evaluated. We also examined the sensitivity of the cell lines to multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Results We established novel canine HCC cell lines from hepatic tumors and an additional kidney tumor of six canine patients. All cell lines showed colony forming and migratory ability. KU-cHCC-001 and KU-cHCC-001-Kidney, two cell lines exhibiting high epithelial-mesenchymal transition characteristics, showed tumorigenicity in xenografted mice. Toceranib, a veterinary TKI that targets vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFR)/platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)/c-kit, effectively inhibited the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and induced apoptosis. The established canine HCC cell lines showed greater sensitivity to toceranib than to sorafenib, a first-line treatment for human HCC targeting RAF/VEGFR/PDGFR. Sorafenib showed improved anti-tumor effects when co-treated with SCH772984, an extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor. Conclusion Our study suggests new therapeutic strategies for canine HCC, and these cell lines are valuable research materials for understanding HCC tumor biology in both humans and dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja Young Lee
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kieun Bae
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- KU Animal Cancer Center, Konkuk University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- KU Animal Cancer Center, Konkuk University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Han
- KU Animal Cancer Center, Konkuk University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Young Yoon
- KU Animal Cancer Center, Konkuk University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong-Ah Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- KU Animal Cancer Center, Konkuk University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Preedy MK, White MRH, Tergaonkar V. Cellular heterogeneity in TNF/TNFR1 signalling: live cell imaging of cell fate decisions in single cells. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:202. [PMID: 38467621 PMCID: PMC10928192 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Cellular responses to TNF are inherently heterogeneous within an isogenic cell population and across different cell types. TNF promotes cell survival by activating pro-inflammatory NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathways but may also trigger apoptosis and necroptosis. Following TNF stimulation, the fate of individual cells is governed by the balance of pro-survival and pro-apoptotic signalling pathways. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms driving heterogenous responses to TNF, quantifying TNF/TNFR1 signalling at the single-cell level is crucial. Fluorescence live-cell imaging techniques offer real-time, dynamic insights into molecular processes in single cells, allowing for detection of rapid and transient changes, as well as identification of subpopulations, that are likely to be missed with traditional endpoint assays. Whilst fluorescence live-cell imaging has been employed extensively to investigate TNF-induced inflammation and TNF-induced cell death, it has been underutilised in studying the role of TNF/TNFR1 signalling pathway crosstalk in guiding cell-fate decisions in single cells. Here, we outline the various opportunities for pathway crosstalk during TNF/TNFR1 signalling and how these interactions may govern heterogenous responses to TNF. We also advocate for the use of live-cell imaging techniques to elucidate the molecular processes driving cell-to-cell variability in single cells. Understanding and overcoming cellular heterogeneity in response to TNF and modulators of the TNF/TNFR1 signalling pathway could lead to the development of targeted therapies for various diseases associated with aberrant TNF/TNFR1 signalling, such as rheumatoid arthritis, metabolic syndrome, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus K Preedy
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signalling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, D3308, Dover Street, Manchester, M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Michael R H White
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, D3308, Dover Street, Manchester, M13 9PT, England, UK.
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signalling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), 8 Medical Drive, MD7, Singapore, 117596, Singapore.
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Dartora VFC, Passos JS, Costa-Lotufo LV, Lopes LB, Panitch A. Thermosensitive Polymeric Nanoparticles for Drug Co-Encapsulation and Breast Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:231. [PMID: 38399285 PMCID: PMC10892816 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in breast cancer treatment, there remains a need for local management of noninvasive, low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). These focal lesions are well suited for local intraductal treatment. Intraductal administration supported target site drug retention, improved efficacy, and reduced systemic exposure. Here, we used a poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide, pNIPAM) nanoparticle delivery system loaded with cytotoxic piplartine and an MAPKAP Kinase 2 inhibitor (YARA) for this purpose. For tumor environment targeting, a collagen-binding peptide SILY (RRANAALKAGELYKSILYGSG-hydrazide) was attached to pNIPAM nanoparticles, and the nanoparticle diameter, zeta potential, drug loading, and release were assessed. The system was evaluated for cytotoxicity in a 2D cell culture and 3D spheroids. In vivo efficacy was evaluated using a chemical carcinogenesis model in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Nanoparticle delivery significantly reduced the IC50 of piplartine (4.9 times) compared to the drug in solution. The combination of piplartine and YARA in nanoparticles further reduced the piplartine IC50 (~15 times). Treatment with these nanoparticles decreased the in vivo tumor incidence (5.2 times). Notably, the concentration of piplartine in mammary glands treated with nanoparticles (35.3 ± 22.4 μg/mL) was substantially higher than in plasma (0.7 ± 0.05 μg/mL), demonstrating targeted drug retention. These results indicate that our nanocarrier system effectively reduced tumor development with low systemic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Franco Carvalho Dartora
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (V.F.C.D.); (J.S.P.); (L.V.C.-L.); (L.B.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Julia S. Passos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (V.F.C.D.); (J.S.P.); (L.V.C.-L.); (L.B.L.)
| | - Leticia V. Costa-Lotufo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (V.F.C.D.); (J.S.P.); (L.V.C.-L.); (L.B.L.)
| | - Luciana B. Lopes
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (V.F.C.D.); (J.S.P.); (L.V.C.-L.); (L.B.L.)
| | - Alyssa Panitch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Sun J, Wu S, Zhao W, Xue S, Zhang L, Ren J. MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 is associated with poor prognosis of glioma patients and immune inhibition in glioma. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1307992. [PMID: 38322416 PMCID: PMC10844562 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1307992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction An effective therapeutic method to noticeably improve the prognosis of glioma patients has not been developed thus far. MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAPK2) is a serine/threonine kinase, which is involved in tumorigenesis, tumor growth, metastasis, and the inflammatory process. The clinical significance and molecular function of MAPKAPK2 in glioma remain unclear. Methods MAPKAPK2 expression in human glioma tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry and analyzed from the transcriptome sequencing data in TCGA and CGGA. Prognostic nomogram was constructed to predict the survival risk of individual patients. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed to analyze the function and pathways MAPKAPK2 involved. Single-cell RNA sequencing data was used to analyze the cell types in which MAPKAPK2 was enriched. Flow cytometry was used for cell cycle and apoptosis detection. The ability of cell proliferation and migration was analyzed by CCK8 and cell migration assay, respectively. Correlation analyses were performed to analyze the relationship of MAPKAPK2 with immune infiltration, immune regulators, chemokine, and chemokine receptors. Results MAPKAPK2 was not only aberrantly upregulated in glioma tissues but also correlated with poor clinical characteristics. Moreover, MAPKAPK2 was prevalent in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type and 1p/19q non-codeletion glioma cohorts and predicted poor prognosis of glioma patients. MAPKAPK2 may be involved in cell proliferation, cell migration, DNA damage repair, and immune regulation in glioma. MAPKAPK2 was enriched in microglia/macrophages and malignant tumor cells. Further investigation into cellular function revealed that inhibiting MAPKAPK2 suppressed the proliferation and migration of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells in vitro. The inhibition of MAPKAPK2 significantly induced the G1 cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis of GBM cells. Consistent with the enriched function of MAPKAPK2 in immune regulation, MAPKAPK2 was correlated with immune cell infiltration in glioma tissues. Mechanistically, a series of immune regulators, immunomodulatory chemokine, and chemokine receptors were positively correlated with MAPKAPK2 expression. Discussion Our findings provide evidence of the clinical relevance of MAPKAPK2 in prognosis evaluation of glioma patients and highlight the underlying significance of MAPKAPK2 in glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sicheng Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenyu Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Senrui Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Alimbetov D, Umbayev B, Tsoy A, Begimbetova D, Davis T, Kipling D, Askarova S. Small molecule targeting of the p38/Mk2 stress signaling pathways to improve cancer treatment. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:895. [PMID: 37740222 PMCID: PMC10517462 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11319-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although a long-term goal of cancer therapy always has been the development of agents that selectively destroy cancer cells, more recent trends have been to seek secondary agents that sensitize cancer cells to existing treatment regimens. In this regard, the present study explored the possibility of using small molecule inhibitors of p38MAPK/MK2 stress signaling pathways as potential agents to enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells with abrogated G1 checkpoint to the DNA damaging agent etoposide by specifically targeting the DNA damage-induced G2 cell cycle checkpoint. METHODS We have applied CCK8 and FACS-based viability assays and cell cycle analysis to investigate the effect of small molecules SB203580 and MK2.III on the sensitivity of small cell lung cancer cells (SCLC) that lack the G1 checkpoint to the DNA damaging agent Etoposide when used in combination. We have also assessed the effectiveness of combination chemotherapy on tumor xenograft suppression with etoposide and MK2.III in immunosuppressed mice. In addition, additional CCK8 cell viability analysis of the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line, and SW620, and SW480 colorectal cancer cell lines was performed. RESULTS Results suggest that etoposide produces a profound effect on the cell cycle profile of cells in a manner that is consistent with the degree of cell viability that is seen using the viable cell assay. Results of the co-treatment experiments revealed that the p38/MK2 kinase inhibitors SB203580 and MK2.III both enhanced the DNA-damaging effects of etoposide on NCI-H69 cell viability in vitro. Results revealed that in vivo MK2.III was able to act as a chemosensitizer when used in combination with etoposide making NCI-H69 lung cancer cells sensitive to chemotherapeutic drug by 45% compared to single usage of the drug. We also report that MK2.III sensitizes metastatic cell lines SW-620 and MDA-MB-231 to etoposide but does not increase the sensitivity of non-metastasizing SW-480 colorectal cells to DNA damaging agent in vitro. CONCLUSION Findings reported in this study provide evidence that specific inhibitors of MK2 may indeed improve overall cancer therapy; however, their effectiveness depends on cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Alimbetov
- Creehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, UT Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, USA.
| | - B Umbayev
- Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - A Tsoy
- Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - D Begimbetova
- Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - T Davis
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - D Kipling
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sh Askarova
- Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
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Ganguly P, Macleod T, Wong C, Harland M, McGonagle D. Revisiting p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK) in Inflammatory Arthritis: A Narrative of the Emergence of MAPK-Activated Protein Kinase Inhibitors (MK2i). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1286. [PMID: 37765094 PMCID: PMC10537904 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) is a crucial signaling pathway closely involved in several physiological and cellular functions, including cell cycle, apoptosis, gene expression, and responses to stress stimuli. It also plays a central role in inflammation and immunity. Owing to disparate p38-MAPK functions, it has thus far formed an elusive drug target with failed clinical trials in inflammatory diseases due to challenges including hepatotoxicity, cardiac toxicity, lack of efficacy, and tachyphylaxis, which is a brief initial improvement with rapid disease rebound. To overcome these limitations, downstream antagonism of the p38 pathway with a MAPK-activated protein kinase (MAPKAPK, also known as MK2) blockade has demonstrated the potential to abrogate inflammation without the prior recognized toxicities. Such MK2 inhibition (MK2i) is associated with robust suppression of key pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNFα and IL-6 and others in experimental systems and in vitro. Considering this recent evidence regarding MK2i in inflammatory arthritis, we revisit the p38-MAPK pathway and discuss the literature encompassing the challenges of p38 inhibitors with a focus on this pathway. We then highlight how novel MK2i strategies, although encouraging in the pre-clinical arena, may either show evidence for efficacy or the lack of efficacy in emergent human trials data from different disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dennis McGonagle
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7JT, UK
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Tran QTN, Gan PXL, Liao W, Mok YK, Chai CLL, Wong WSF. Degradation of MK2 with natural compound andrographolide: A new modality for anti-inflammatory therapy. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106861. [PMID: 37480973 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
The p38MAPK-MK2 signaling axis functions as an initiator of inflammation. Targeting the p38MAPK-MK2 signaling axis represents a direct therapeutic intervention of inflammatory diseases. We described here a novel role of andrographolide (AG), a small-molecule ent-labdane natural compound, as an inhibitor of p38MAPK-MK2 axis via MK2 degradation. AG was found to bind to the activation loop of MK2, located at the interface of the p38MAPK-MK2 biomolecular complex. This interaction disrupted the complex formation and predisposed MK2 to proteasome-mediated degradation. We showed that AG induced MK2 degradation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner and exerted its anti-inflammatory effects by enhancing the mRNA-destabilizing activity of tristetraprolin, thereby inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediator production (e.g., TNF-α, MCP-1). Administration of AG via intratracheal (i.t.) route to mice induced MK2 downregulation in lung alveolar macrophages, but not lung tissues, and prevented macrophage activation. Our study also demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory effects achieved by AG via MK2 degradation were more durable and sustained than that achieved by the conventional MK2 kinase inhibitors (e.g., PF-3644022). Taken together, our findings illustrated a novel mode of action of AG by modulating the p38MAPK-MK2 signaling axis and would pave the way for the development of a novel class of anti-inflammatory agents targeting MK2 for degradation by harnessing the privileged scaffold of AG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quy T N Tran
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, 117600, Singapore; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore; Drug Discovery and Optimization Platform (DDOP), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, 117600, Singapore
| | - Phyllis X L Gan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, 117600, Singapore
| | - Wupeng Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, 117600, Singapore; Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Keung Mok
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Christina L L Chai
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore; Drug Discovery and Optimization Platform (DDOP), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, 117600, Singapore.
| | - W S Fred Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, 117600, Singapore; Drug Discovery and Optimization Platform (DDOP), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, 117600, Singapore; Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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10
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Yamanaka G, Hayashi K, Morishita N, Takeshita M, Ishii C, Suzuki S, Ishimine R, Kasuga A, Nakazawa H, Takamatsu T, Watanabe Y, Morichi S, Ishida Y, Yamazaki T, Go S. Experimental and Clinical Investigation of Cytokines in Migraine: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098343. [PMID: 37176049 PMCID: PMC10178908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of migraines is increasingly being recognized, and cytokines, which are important endogenous substances involved in immune and inflammatory responses, have also received attention. This review examines the current literature on neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of migraine. Elevated TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels have been identified in non-invasive mouse models with cortical spreading depolarization (CSD). Various mouse models to induce migraine attack-like symptoms also demonstrated elevated inflammatory cytokines and findings suggesting differences between episodic and chronic migraines and between males and females. While studies on human blood during migraine attacks have reported no change in TNF-α levels and often inconsistent results for IL-1β and IL-6 levels, serial analysis of cytokines in jugular venous blood during migraine attacks revealed consistently increased IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. In a study on the interictal period, researchers reported higher levels of TNF-α and IL-6 compared to controls and no change regarding IL-1β levels. Saliva-based tests suggest that IL-1β might be useful in discriminating against migraine. Patients with migraine may benefit from a cytokine perspective on the pathogenesis of migraine, as there have been several encouraging reports suggesting new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaku Yamanaka
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Kanako Hayashi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Natsumi Morishita
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Mika Takeshita
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Chiako Ishii
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Shinji Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Rie Ishimine
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Akiko Kasuga
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Haruka Nakazawa
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takamatsu
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yusuke Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Morichi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yu Ishida
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamazaki
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Soken Go
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
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11
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Del Rosario O, Suresh K, Kallem M, Singh G, Shah A, Zheng L, Yun X, Philip NM, Putcha N, McClure MB, Jiang H, D'Alessio F, Srivastava M, Bera A, Shimoda LA, Merchant M, Rane MJ, Machamer CE, Mock J, Hagan R, Koch AL, Punjabi NM, Kolb TM, Damarla M. MK2 nonenzymatically promotes nuclear translocation of caspase-3 and resultant apoptosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L700-L711. [PMID: 36976920 PMCID: PMC10190840 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00340.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously identified mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) is required for caspase-3 nuclear translocation in the execution of apoptosis; however, little is known of the underlying mechanisms. Therefore, we sought to determine the role of kinase and nonkinase functions of MK2 in promoting nuclear translocation of caspase-3. We identified two non-small cell lung cancer cell lines for use in these experiments based on low MK2 expression. Wild-type, enzymatic and cellular localization mutant MK2 constructs were expressed using adenoviral infection. Cell death was evaluated by flow cytometry. In addition, cell lysates were harvested for protein analyses. Phosphorylation of caspase-3 was determined using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting and in vitro kinase assay. Association between MK2 and caspase-3 was evaluated using proximity-based biotin ligation assays and co-immunoprecipitation. Overexpression of MK2 resulted in nuclear translocation of caspase-3 and caspase-3-mediated apoptosis. MK2 directly phosphorylates caspase-3; however, phosphorylation status of caspase-3 or MK2-dependent phosphorylation of caspase-3 did not alter caspase-3 activity. The enzymatic function of MK2 was dispensable in nuclear translocation of caspase-3. MK2 and caspase-3 associated together and a nonenzymatic function of MK2, chaperoned nuclear trafficking, is required for caspase-3-mediated apoptosis. Taken together, our results demonstrate a nonenzymatic role for MK2 in the nuclear translocation of caspase-3. Furthermore, MK2 may function as a molecular switch in regulating the transition between the cytosolic and nuclear functions of caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othello Del Rosario
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Karthik Suresh
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Medha Kallem
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Gayatri Singh
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Anika Shah
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Linda Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Xin Yun
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Nicolas M Philip
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Nirupama Putcha
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Marni B McClure
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Franco D'Alessio
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Meera Srivastava
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Alakesh Bera
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Larissa A Shimoda
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Michael Merchant
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Madhavi J Rane
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Carolyn E Machamer
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Jason Mock
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Robert Hagan
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Abigail L Koch
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Naresh M Punjabi
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Todd M Kolb
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Mahendra Damarla
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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12
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Zhou Y, Oki R, Tanaka A, Song L, Takashima A, Hamada N, Yokoyama S, Yano S, Sakurai H. Cellular stress induces non-canonical activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase EphA2 through the p38-MK2-RSK signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104699. [PMID: 37059179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase EphA2 is overexpressed in malignant tumors. We previously reported that non-canonical EphA2 phosphorylation at Ser-897 was catalyzed by p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) via the MEK-ERK pathway in ligand- and tyrosine kinase-independent manners. Non-canonical EphA2 activation plays a key role in tumor progression; however, its activation mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we focused on cellular stress signaling as a novel inducer of non-canonical EphA2 activation. p38, instead of ERK in the case of epidermal growth factor signaling, activated RSK-EphA2 under cellular stress conditions, including anisomycin, cisplatin and high osmotic stress. Notably, p38 activated the RSK-EphA2 axis via downstream MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2). Furthermore, MK2 directly phosphorylated both RSK1 Ser-380 and RSK2 Ser-386, critical residues for the activation of their N-terminal kinases, which is consistent with the result showing that the C-terminal kinase domain of RSK1 was dispensable for MK2-mediated EphA2 phosphorylation. Moreover, the p38-MK2-RSK-EphA2 axis promoted glioblastoma cell migration induced by temozolomide, a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of glioblastoma patients. Collectively, the present results reveal a novel molecular mechanism for non-canonical EphA2 activation under stress conditions in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama; Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Ryota Oki
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama; Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tanaka
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama; Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Leixin Song
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama; Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takashima
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama; Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Naru Hamada
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama; Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Satoru Yokoyama
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama; Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Seiji Yano
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Takara-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0934, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sakurai
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama; Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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13
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Stehn JR, Floyd SR, Wilker EW, Reinhardt HC, Clarke SM, Huang Q, Polakiewicz RD, Sonenberg N, Kong YW, Yaffe MB. MAPKAP Kinase-2 phosphorylation of PABPC1 controls its interaction with 14-3-3 proteins after DNA damage: A combined kinase and protein array approach. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1148933. [PMID: 37091863 PMCID: PMC10117672 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1148933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins play critical roles in controlling multiple aspects of the cellular response to stress and DNA damage including regulation of metabolism, cell cycle progression, cell migration, and apoptotic cell death by binding to protein substrates of basophilic protein kinases following their phosphorylation on specific serine/threonine residues. Although over 200 mammalian proteins that bind to 14-3-3 have been identified, largely through proteomic studies, in many cases the relevant protein kinase responsible for conferring 14-3-3-binding to these proteins is not known. To facilitate the identification of kinase-specific 14-3-3 clients, we developed a biochemical approach using high-density protein filter arrays and identified the translational regulatory molecule PABPC1 as a substrate for Chk1 and MAPKAP Kinase-2 (MK2) in vitro, and for MK2 in vivo, whose phosphorylation results in 14-3-3-binding. We identify Ser-470 on PABPC1 within the linker region connecting the RRM domains to the PABC domain as the critical 14-3-3-binding site, and demonstrate that loss of PABPC1 binding to 14-3-3 results in increased cell proliferation and decreased cell death in response to UV-induced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine R. Stehn
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Scott R. Floyd
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Erik W. Wilker
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - H. Christian Reinhardt
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Scott M. Clarke
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Qiuying Huang
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - Nahum Sonenberg
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yi Wen Kong
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Michael B. Yaffe
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Divisions of Surgical Oncology, Trauma, and Surgical Critical Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Surgical Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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14
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Low RN, Low RJ, Akrami A. A review of cytokine-based pathophysiology of Long COVID symptoms. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1011936. [PMID: 37064029 PMCID: PMC10103649 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1011936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Long COVID/Post Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) group includes patients with initial mild-to-moderate symptoms during the acute phase of the illness, in whom recovery is prolonged, or new symptoms are developed over months. Here, we propose a description of the pathophysiology of the Long COVID presentation based on inflammatory cytokine cascades and the p38 MAP kinase signaling pathways that regulate cytokine production. In this model, the SARS-CoV-2 viral infection is hypothesized to trigger a dysregulated peripheral immune system activation with subsequent cytokine release. Chronic low-grade inflammation leads to dysregulated brain microglia with an exaggerated release of central cytokines, producing neuroinflammation. Immunothrombosis linked to chronic inflammation with microclot formation leads to decreased tissue perfusion and ischemia. Intermittent fatigue, Post Exertional Malaise (PEM), CNS symptoms with "brain fog," arthralgias, paresthesias, dysautonomia, and GI and ophthalmic problems can consequently arise as result of the elevated peripheral and central cytokines. There are abundant similarities between symptoms in Long COVID and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). DNA polymorphisms and viral-induced epigenetic changes to cytokine gene expression may lead to chronic inflammation in Long COVID patients, predisposing some to develop autoimmunity, which may be the gateway to ME/CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan J. Low
- Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Athena Akrami
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Wang N, Bai X, Wang X, Wang D, Ma G, Zhang F, Ye J, Lu F, Ji C. A Novel Fatty Acid Metabolism-Associated Risk Model for Prognosis Prediction in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:2524-2542. [PMID: 36826154 PMCID: PMC9955245 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30020193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is the most common acute leukaemia in adults, with an unfavourable outcome and a high rate of recurrence due to its heterogeneity. Dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism plays a crucial role in the development of several tumours. However, the value of fatty acid metabolism (FAM) in the progression of AML remains unclear. In this study, we obtained RNA sequencing and corresponding clinicopathological information from the TCGA and GEO databases. Univariate Cox regression analysis and subsequent LASSO Cox regression analysis were utilized to identify prognostic FAM-related genes and develop a potential prognostic risk model. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used for prognostic significances. We also performed ROC curve to illustrate that the risk model in prognostic prediction has good performance. Moreover, significant differences in immune infiltration landscape were found between high-risk and low-risk groups using ESTIMATE and CIBERSOT algorithms. In the end, differential expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to preliminarily explore the possible signaling pathways related to the prognosis of FAM and AML. The results of our study may provide potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AML patients, which is conducive to individualized precision therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Wang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiaoran Bai
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xinlu Wang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Guangxin Ma
- Hematology and Oncology Unit, Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jingjing Ye
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Fei Lu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (C.J.)
| | - Chunyan Ji
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (C.J.)
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16
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A comparison of electrosprayed vs vortexed glycosaminoglycan-peptide nanoparticle platform for protection and improved delivery of therapeutic peptides. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 222:113112. [PMID: 36599186 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.113112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic peptides capable of reducing inflammation via inhibition of the MAP kinase 2 pathway have the potential to reduce inflammation in atopic dermatitis by suppressing secretion of inflammatory cytokines by resident keratinocytes. One of the biggest hurdles to the use of therapeutic peptides, however, is their rapid degradation by intrinsic proteases and peptidases found in serum. Here we introduce a new nanoparticle technology that enhances and extends the bioactivity of a MAP KAP kinase 2 inhibitor peptide (MK2i) via electrostatic complexation with Dermatan sulfate (DS), a glycosaminoglycan, and explore their properties under various conditions. DS-MK2i nanoparticles can be made using electrospray ionization or sonication and vortexing with no stabilizing polymers or crosslinking. Average particle diameter, polydispersity index, and zeta potential were measured over a pH range of 2.5-11.5, in increments of 0.5, in water and at physiological ionic strength. Both particle types were shown to be shelf stable, robust, and behave differently in response to pH. They are also significantly more effective at suppressing cytokine secretion in inflamed, human keratinocytes than peptide alone in the presence of serum, providing a facile method of protecting peptides for therapeutic delivery in conditions such as atopic dermatitis, and abrogating the need for serum-starvation in in vitro testing.
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17
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Soni S, Anand P, Swarnkar MK, Patial V, Tirpude NV, Padwad YS. MAPKAPK2-centric transcriptome profiling reveals its major role in governing molecular crosstalk of IGFBP2, MUC4, and PRKAR2B during HNSCC pathogenesis. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:1292-1311. [PMID: 36817960 PMCID: PMC9929207 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptome analysis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has been pivotal to comprehending the convoluted biology of HNSCC tumors. MAPKAPK2 or MK2 is a critical modulator of the mRNA turnover of crucial genes involved in HNSCC progression. However, MK2-centric transcriptome profiles of tumors are not well known. This study delves into HNSCC progression with MK2 at the nexus to delineate the biological relevance and intricate crosstalk of MK2 in the tumor milieu. We performed next-generation sequencing-based transcriptome profiling of HNSCC cells and xenograft tumors to ascertain mRNA expression profiles in MK2-wild type and MK2-knockdown conditions. The findings were validated using gene expression assays, immunohistochemistry, and transcript turnover studies. Here, we identified a pool of crucial MK2-regulated candidate genes by annotation and differential gene expression analyses. Regulatory network and pathway enrichment revealed their significance and involvement in the HNSCC pathogenesis. Additionally, 3'-UTR-based filtering recognized important MK2-regulated downstream target genes and validated them by nCounter gene expression assays. Finally, immunohistochemistry and transcript stability studies revealed the putative role of MK2 in regulating the transcript turnover of IGFBP2, MUC4, and PRKAR2B in HNSCC. Conclusively, MK2-regulated candidate genes were identified in this study, and their plausible involvement in HNSCC pathogenesis was elucidated. These genes possess investigative values as targets for diagnosis and therapeutic interventions for HNSCC.
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Key Words
- 3'-UTR
- 3′-UTR, 3′-untranslated region
- AREs, Adenylate-uridylate-rich element(s)
- ATCC, American Type Culture Collection
- ActD, Actinomycin D
- CISBP, Catalog of Inferred Sequence Binding Preferences
- Ct, Cycle Threshold
- DAP3, Death associated protein 3
- DEGs, Differentially expressed gene(s)
- Differentially expressed genes
- EHBP1, EH domain binding protein 1
- FC, Fold change
- FDR, False discovery rate
- FPKM, Fragments per kilobase of transcript per million mapped
- GFP, Green fluorescent protein
- GO, Gene Ontology
- HKG, House-keeping genes
- HNSCC
- HNSCCs, Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(s)
- HQ, High quality
- IAEC, Institutional animal ethics committee
- IFN, Interferon
- IGFBP2, Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2
- IHC, Immunohistochemistry
- IP6K2, Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 2
- KD, Knockdown
- KEGG, Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomics
- MAPK, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase
- MAPKAPK2
- MAPKAPK2 or MK2, Mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2
- MELK, Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase
- MK2KD, MK2-knockdown
- MK2WT, MK2 wild-type
- MKP-1, Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1
- MUC4, Mucin 4
- NGS, Next generation sequencing
- NOD/SCID, Non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient
- PRKAR2B, Protein kinase CAMP-dependent type II regulatory subunit beta
- QC, Quality control
- RBPs, RNA-binding protein(s)
- RIN, RNA integrity number
- RNA-seq, Ribose Nucleic Acid -sequencing
- RNA-sequencing
- RT-qPCR, Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction
- RUNX1, Runt-related transcription factor 1
- SLF2, SMC5-SMC6 complex localization factor 2
- TCGA, The cancer genome atlas
- TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
- TTP, Tristetraprolin
- Transcriptome
- VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor
- WB, Western blotting
- WT, Wild type
- ZNF662, Zinc finger protein 662
- p27, Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B
- shRNA, Short hairpin RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Soni
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Prince Anand
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Mohit Kumar Swarnkar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur 176061, India
| | - Vikram Patial
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Narendra V. Tirpude
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Yogendra S. Padwad
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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18
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Wu W, Liu S, Tian L, Li C, Jiang Y, Wang J, Lv Y, Guo J, Xing D, Zhai Y, Sun H, Li Y, Zhang L, He X, Luo K, Zhan H, Zhao Z. Identification of microtubule-associated biomarkers in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and prognosis prediction. Front Genet 2023; 13:1092678. [PMID: 36761693 PMCID: PMC9902697 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1092678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a genetically heterogeneous disease with a complicated prognosis. Even though various prognostic evaluations have been applied currently, they usually only use the clinical factors that overlook the molecular underlying DLBCL progression. Therefore, more accurate prognostic assessment needs further exploration. In the present study, we constructed a novel prognostic model based on microtubule associated genes (MAGs). Methods: A total of 33 normal controls and 1360 DLBCL samples containing gene-expression from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were included. Subsequently, the univariate Cox, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to select the best prognosis related genes into the MAGs model. To validate the model, Kaplan-Meier curve, and nomogram were analyzed. Results: A risk score model based on fourteen candidate MAGs (CCDC78, CD300LG, CTAG2, DYNLL2, MAPKAPK2, MREG, NME8, PGK2, RALBP1, SIGLEC1, SLC1A1, SLC39A12, TMEM63A, and WRAP73) was established. The K-M curve presented that the high-risk patients had a significantly inferior overall survival (OS) time compared to low-risk patients in training and validation datasets. Furthermore, knocking-out TMEM63A, a key gene belonging to the MAGs model, inhibited cell proliferation noticeably. Conclusion: The novel MAGs prognostic model has a well predictive capability, which may as a supplement for the current assessments. Furthermore, candidate TMEM63A gene has therapeutic target potentially in DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Wu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Su Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Linyan Tian
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanan Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine. Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinhuan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yangyang Lv
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Donghui Xing
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yixin Zhai
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Huimeng Sun
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuhang Li
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Luying Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang He
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaiping Luo
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongjie Zhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Hongjie Zhan, ; Zhigang Zhao,
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China,Department of Medical Oncology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine. Nankai University, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Hongjie Zhan, ; Zhigang Zhao,
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19
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Liaisons dangereuses: Intrinsic Disorder in Cellular Proteins Recruited to Viral Infection-Related Biocondensates. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032151. [PMID: 36768473 PMCID: PMC9917183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is responsible for the formation of so-called membrane-less organelles (MLOs) that are essential for the spatio-temporal organization of the cell. Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) or regions (IDRs), either alone or in conjunction with nucleic acids, are involved in the formation of these intracellular condensates. Notably, viruses exploit LLPS at their own benefit to form viral replication compartments. Beyond giving rise to biomolecular condensates, viral proteins are also known to partition into cellular MLOs, thus raising the question as to whether these cellular phase-separating proteins are drivers of LLPS or behave as clients/regulators. Here, we focus on a set of eukaryotic proteins that are either sequestered in viral factories or colocalize with viral proteins within cellular MLOs, with the primary goal of gathering organized, predicted, and experimental information on these proteins, which constitute promising targets for innovative antiviral strategies. Using various computational approaches, we thoroughly investigated their disorder content and inherent propensity to undergo LLPS, along with their biological functions and interactivity networks. Results show that these proteins are on average, though to varying degrees, enriched in disorder, with their propensity for phase separation being correlated, as expected, with their disorder content. A trend, which awaits further validation, tends to emerge whereby the most disordered proteins serve as drivers, while more ordered cellular proteins tend instead to be clients of viral factories. In light of their high disorder content and their annotated LLPS behavior, most proteins in our data set are drivers or co-drivers of molecular condensation, foreshadowing a key role of these cellular proteins in the scaffolding of viral infection-related MLOs.
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20
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Tislevoll BS, Hellesøy M, Fagerholt OHE, Gullaksen SE, Srivastava A, Birkeland E, Kleftogiannis D, Ayuda-Durán P, Piechaczyk L, Tadele DS, Skavland J, Panagiotis B, Hovland R, Andresen V, Seternes OM, Tvedt THA, Aghaeepour N, Gavasso S, Porkka K, Jonassen I, Fløisand Y, Enserink J, Blaser N, Gjertsen BT. Early response evaluation by single cell signaling profiling in acute myeloid leukemia. Nat Commun 2023; 14:115. [PMID: 36611026 PMCID: PMC9825407 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35624-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant pro-survival signaling is a hallmark of cancer cells, but the response to chemotherapy is poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the initial signaling response to standard induction chemotherapy in a cohort of 32 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, using 36-dimensional mass cytometry. Through supervised and unsupervised machine learning approaches, we find that reduction of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation in the myeloid cell compartment 24 h post-chemotherapy is a significant predictor of patient 5-year overall survival in this cohort. Validation by RNA sequencing shows induction of MAPK target gene expression in patients with high phospho-ERK1/2 24 h post-chemotherapy, while proteomics confirm an increase of the p38 prime target MAPK activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAPK2). In this study, we demonstrate that mass cytometry can be a valuable tool for early response evaluation in AML and elucidate the potential of functional signaling analyses in precision oncology diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedicte Sjo Tislevoll
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Monica Hellesøy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Helse Bergen HF, Bergen, Norway
| | - Oda Helen Eck Fagerholt
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stein-Erik Gullaksen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Helse Bergen HF, Bergen, Norway
| | - Aashish Srivastava
- Genome Core Facility, Clinical Laboratory, K2 Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Even Birkeland
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dimitrios Kleftogiannis
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pilar Ayuda-Durán
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laure Piechaczyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dagim Shiferaw Tadele
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jørn Skavland
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Baliakas Panagiotis
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Randi Hovland
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vibeke Andresen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole Morten Seternes
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Nima Aghaeepour
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94121, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94121, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94121, USA
| | - Sonia Gavasso
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Clinical Treatment Research (NeuroSysMed), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kimmo Porkka
- Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Inge Jonassen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yngvar Fløisand
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Hematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jorrit Enserink
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318, Oslo, Norway.,Section for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0037, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nello Blaser
- Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Bjørn Tore Gjertsen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Helse Bergen HF, Bergen, Norway.
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21
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Feng M, Jiang X, Zhang Q, Wang Q, She C, Li Z. Aucubin protects against retinal ganglion cell injury in diabetic rats via inhibition of the p38MAPK pathway. Am J Transl Res 2023; 15:1007-1016. [PMID: 36915767 PMCID: PMC10006818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role of aucubin in regard to injured retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in diabetic rats and its mechanism. METHODS A rat model of diabetes mellitus was created by single intraperitoneal injection of 55 mg/kg of streptozotocin. Rats were treated with intraperitoneal injection of 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg aucubin or 5 μg/kg p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580, once a day, for 28 consecutive days. Body weight, blood glucose, morphological changes, count and apoptosis of RGCs, p38MAPK signaling pathway, apoptosis-related proteins, oxidative stress indices, and inflammatory factors were observed and compared among the groups. RESULTS Aucubin and SB203580 reduced the abnormality of the photoreceptor layer, bipolar cell layer and RGCs. Aucubin significantly reduced body weight, fasting blood glucose, RGC apoptosis rate, p38MAPK protein phosphorylation level, protein expression of Caspase 3 and Bax, vascular endothelial growth factors (interleukin-1β, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α) and malondialdehyde levels, and increased RGC count and protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-2/Bax (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Aucubin can protect RGCs in diabetic rats, inhibit RGC apoptosis, and reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and 10 mg/kg aucubin showed optimal efficacy. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the p38MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Feng
- Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430063, Hubei, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430063, Hubei, China
| | - Qingsong Zhang
- Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430063, Hubei, China
| | - Qifeng Wang
- Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430063, Hubei, China
| | - Chunyan She
- Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430063, Hubei, China
| | - Zudan Li
- Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430063, Hubei, China
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22
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Sutcliffe M, Nair N, Oliver J, Morgan AW, Isaacs JD, Wilson AG, Verstappen SMM, Viatte S, Hyrich KL, Morris AP, Barton A, Plant D. Pre-defined gene co-expression modules in rheumatoid arthritis transition towards molecular health following anti-TNF therapy. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022; 61:4935-4944. [PMID: 35377444 PMCID: PMC9707314 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No reliable biomarkers to predict response to TNF inhibitors (TNFi) in RA patients currently exist. The aims of this study were to replicate changes in gene co-expression modules that were previously reported in response to TNFi therapy in RA; to test if changes in module expression are specific to TNFi therapy; and to determine whether module expression transitions towards a disease-free state in responding patients. METHOD Published transcriptomic data from the whole blood of disease-free controls (n = 10) and RA patients, treated with the TNFi adalimumab (n = 70) or methotrexate (n = 85), were studied. Treatment response was assessed using the EULAR response criteria following 3 or 6 months of treatment. Change in transcript expression between pre- and post-treatment was recorded for previously defined modules. Linear mixed models tested whether modular expression after treatment transitioned towards a disease-free state. RESULTS For 25 of the 27 modules, change in expression between pre- and post-treatment in the adalimumab cohort replicated published findings. Of these 25 modules, six transitioned towards a disease-free state by 3 months (P < 0.05), irrespective of clinical response. One module (M3.2), related to inflammation and TNF biology, significantly correlated with response to adalimumab. Similar patterns of modular expression, with reduced magnitude, were observed in the methotrexate cohort. CONCLUSION This study provides independent validation of changes in module expression in response to therapy in RA. However, these effects are not specific to TNFi. Further studies are required to determine whether specific modules could assist molecular classification of therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Sutcliffe
- Versus Arthritis Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Division of Musculoskeletal Sciences, The University of Manchester
| | - Nisha Nair
- Versus Arthritis Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Division of Musculoskeletal Sciences, The University of Manchester.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester
| | - James Oliver
- Versus Arthritis Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Division of Musculoskeletal Sciences, The University of Manchester.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester
| | - Ann W Morgan
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre and NIHR In Vitro Diagnostic Co-operative, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Leeds, Leeds
| | - John D Isaacs
- Translational & Clinical Research Institution, Newcastle University & Musculoskeletal Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anthony G Wilson
- School of Medicine & Medical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Bellfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Suzanne M M Verstappen
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester.,Versus Arthritis Centre for Epidemiology, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research
| | - Sebastien Viatte
- Versus Arthritis Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Division of Musculoskeletal Sciences, The University of Manchester.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester.,Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kimme L Hyrich
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester.,Versus Arthritis Centre for Epidemiology, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Versus Arthritis Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Division of Musculoskeletal Sciences, The University of Manchester
| | - Anne Barton
- Versus Arthritis Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Division of Musculoskeletal Sciences, The University of Manchester.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester
| | - Darren Plant
- Versus Arthritis Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Division of Musculoskeletal Sciences, The University of Manchester.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester
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23
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Jacenik D, Lebish EJ, Beswick EJ. MK2 Promotes the Development and Progression of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors Mediated by Macrophages and Metabolomic Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13561. [PMID: 36362348 PMCID: PMC9658113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cases of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are growing in number, and new treatment options are needed in order to improve patient outcomes. The mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) is a crucial regulator of cytokine/chemokine production. The significance of MK2 expression and signaling pathway mediated by MK2 in PNETs has not been investigated. To characterize the impact of MK2 on PNET growth, we used the RipTag2 transgenic murine model of PNETs, and we developed a primary PNET cell line for both in vitro and in vivo studies. In the transgenic murine model of PNETs, we found that MK2 inhibition improves survival of mice and prevents PNET progression. MK2 blockade abolished cytokine/chemokine production, which was related to macrophage function. A role for MK2 in the regulation of metabolic factor secretion in PNETs was identified, making this the first study to identify a potential role for the MK2 pathway in regulation of tumor metabolism. Moreover, using an in vitro approach and allograft model of PNETs, we were able to show that macrophages with MK2 depletion exhibit increased cytotoxicity against PNET cells and substantially decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as metabolic factors. Taken together, our work identifies MK2 as a potent driver of immune response and metabolic effectors in PNETs, suggesting it is a potential therapeutic target for patients with PNETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Jacenik
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Eric J. Lebish
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Ellen J. Beswick
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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24
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Thorpe JR, Wilson RA, Mesiano S, Malemud CJ. Tofacitinib Inhibits STAT Phosphorylation and Matrix Metalloproteinase-3, -9 and -13 Production by C28/I2 Human Juvenile Chondrocytes. Open Access Rheumatol 2022; 14:195-209. [PMID: 36217356 PMCID: PMC9547596 DOI: 10.2147/oarrr.s363736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This in vitro study was designed to determine the effect of the pan-Janus kinase inhibitor, Tofacitinib, on basal and interleukin-6 (IL-6)-induced signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) phosphorylation and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) gene expression and MMP production by C28/I2 human chondrocytes. Methods C28/I2 chondrocytes were grown to a confluent high-density and treated either with recombinant human IL-6 (rhIL-6; 10-20ng/mL) or maintained in the basal state for up to 60 min. MMP gene expression was determined using RT-PCR and MMP production by semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry. The effect of IL-6 with or without Tofacitinib on activation of STAT proteins was determined from quantitative Western blots. Results C28/I2 chondrocytes produced STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5AB which were phosphorylated (p) following treatment with rhIL-6 for 30 min. Tofacitinib (2.5nM-100nM) decreased rhIL-6-induced activation of STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5AB as well as decreasing the expression of MMP3 and MMP13 but not MMP9, MMP1 or MMP2. In addition, Tofacitinib (50nM) reduced the number of rhIL-6-induced MMP3-, and MMP13- antibody-positive C28/I2 chondrocytes. However, Tofacitinib did decrease the number of MMP9-antibody-positive C28/I2 chondrocytes. Conclusion Taken together, these data showed that Tofacitinib, a pan-JAK small molecule inhibitor employed for the medical therapy of rheumatoid arthritis was a potent inhibitor of rhIL-6-induced STAT phosphorylation that appeared to be coupled to the inhibition of MMP-3, -9 and -13 production by C28/I2 chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Thorpe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Rachel A Wilson
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Sam Mesiano
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Charles J Malemud
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
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25
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Privitera L, Hogg EL, Lopes M, Domingos LB, Gaestel M, Müller J, Wall MJ, Corrêa SAL. The MK2 cascade mediates transient alteration in mGluR-LTD and spatial learning in a murine model of Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13717. [PMID: 36135933 PMCID: PMC9577942 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A key aim of Alzheimer disease research is to develop efficient therapies to prevent and/or delay the irreversible progression of cognitive impairments. Early deficits in long-term potentiation (LTP) are associated with the accumulation of amyloid beta in rodent models of the disease; however, less is known about how mGluR-mediated long-term depression (mGluR-LTD) is affected. In this study, we have found that mGluR-LTD is enhanced in the APPswe /PS1dE9 mouse at 7 but returns to wild-type levels at 13 months of age. This transient over-activation of mGluR signalling is coupled with impaired LTP and shifts the dynamic range of synapses towards depression. These alterations in synaptic plasticity are associated with an inability to utilize cues in a spatial learning task. The transient dysregulation of plasticity can be prevented by genetic deletion of the MAP kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2), a substrate of p38 MAPK, demonstrating that manipulating the mGluR-p38 MAPK-MK2 cascade at 7 months can prevent the shift in synapse dynamic range. Our work reveals the MK2 cascade as a potential pharmacological target to correct the over-activation of mGluR signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Privitera
- Bradford School of Pharmacy and Medical SciencesUniversity of BradfordBradfordUK,School of Medicine, Ninewells HospitalUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK,Barts and the London School of MedicineQueen Mary University of London Malta CampusVictoriaMalta
| | - Ellen L. Hogg
- Bradford School of Pharmacy and Medical SciencesUniversity of BradfordBradfordUK
| | - Marcia Lopes
- Bradford School of Pharmacy and Medical SciencesUniversity of BradfordBradfordUK
| | - Luana B. Domingos
- Bradford School of Pharmacy and Medical SciencesUniversity of BradfordBradfordUK
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute of Cell BiochemistryHannover Medical UniversityHannoverGermany
| | - Jürgen Müller
- Bradford School of Pharmacy and Medical SciencesUniversity of BradfordBradfordUK
| | - Mark J. Wall
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
| | - Sonia A. L. Corrêa
- Bradford School of Pharmacy and Medical SciencesUniversity of BradfordBradfordUK,Faculty of Science and EngineeringManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
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26
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Holzerland J, Fénéant L, Groseth A. Regulation of Stress-Activated Kinases in Response to Tacaribe Virus Infection and Its Implications for Viral Replication. Viruses 2022; 14:v14092018. [PMID: 36146824 PMCID: PMC9505436 DOI: 10.3390/v14092018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Arenaviruses include important zoonotic pathogens that cause hemorrhagic fever (e.g., Junín virus; JUNV) as well as other viruses that are closely related but apathogenic (e.g., Tacaribe virus; TCRV). We have found that, while TCRV and JUNV differ in their ability to induce apoptosis in infected cells, due to active inhibition of caspase activation by the JUNV nucleoprotein, both viruses trigger similar upstream pro-apoptotic signaling events, including the activation/phosphorylation of p53. In the case of TCRV, the pro-apoptotic factor Bad is also phosphorylated (leading to its inactivation). These events clearly implicate upstream kinases in regulating the induction of apoptosis. Consistent with this, here we show activation in TCRV-infected cells of the stress-activated protein kinases p38 and JNK, which are known to regulate p53 activation, as well as the downstream kinase MK2 and transcription factor c-Jun. We also observed the early transient activation of Akt, but not Erk. Importantly, the chemical inhibition of Akt, p38, JNK and c-Jun all dramatically reduced viral growth, even though we have shown that inhibition of apoptosis itself does not. This indicates that kinase activation is crucial for viral infection, independent of its downstream role in apoptosis regulation, a finding that has the potential to shed further light on the determinants of arenavirus pathogenesis, as well as to inform future therapeutic approaches.
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Gleason AC, Ghadge G, Sonobe Y, Roos RP. Kozak Similarity Score Algorithm Identifies Alternative Translation Initiation Codons Implicated in Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810564. [PMID: 36142475 PMCID: PMC9506484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosome profiling and mass spectroscopy have identified canonical and noncanonical translation initiation codons (TICs) that are upstream of the main translation initiation site and used to translate oncogenic proteins. There have previously been conflicting reports about the patterns of nucleotides that surround noncanonical TICs. Here, we use a Kozak Similarity Score algorithm to find that nearly all of these TICs have flanking nucleotides closely matching the Kozak sequence. Remarkably, the nucleotides flanking alternative noncanonical TICs are frequently closer to the Kozak sequence than the nucleotides flanking TICs used to translate the gene’s main protein. Of note, the 5′ untranslated region (5‘UTR) of cancer-associated genes with an upstream TIC tend to be significantly longer than the same region in genes not associated with cancer. The presence of a longer-than-typical 5′UTR increases the likelihood of ribosome binding to upstream noncanonical TICs, and may be a distinguishing feature of a number of genes overexpressed in cancer. Noncanonical TICs that are located in the 5′UTR, although thought by some to be disadvantageous and suppressed by evolution, may translate oncogenic proteins because of their flanking nucleotides.
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Muehlbauer LK, Wei T, Shishkova E, Coon JJ, Lambert PF. IQGAP1 and RNA Splicing in the Context of Head and Neck via Phosphoproteomics. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:2211-2223. [PMID: 35980772 PMCID: PMC9833422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
IQGAP1 (IQ motif-containing GTPase-activating protein 1) scaffolds several signaling pathways in mammalian cells that are implicated in carcinogenesis, including the RAS and PI3K pathways that involve multiple protein kinases. IQGAP1 has been shown to promote head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); however, the underlying mechanism(s) remains unclear. Here, we report a mass spectrometry-based analysis identifying differences in phosphorylation of cellular proteins in vivo and in vitro in the presence or absence of IQGAP1. By comparing the esophageal phosphoproteome profiles between Iqgap1+/+ and Iqgap1-/- mice, we identified RNA splicing as one of the most altered cellular processes. Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 6 (SRSF6) was the protein with the most downregulated levels of phosphorylation in Iqgap1-/- tissue. We confirmed that the absence of IQGAP1 reduced SRSF6 phosphorylation both in vivo and in vitro. We then expanded our analysis to human normal oral keratinocytes. Again, we found factors involved in RNA splicing to be highly altered in the phosphoproteome profile upon genetic disruption of IQGAP1. Both the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data sets indicate that phosphorylation of splicing-related proteins is important in HNSCC prognosis. The Biological General Repository for Interaction Datasets (BioGRID) repository also suggested multiple interactions between IQGAP1 and splicing-related proteins. Based on these collective observations, we propose that IQGAP1 regulates the phosphorylation of splicing proteins, which potentially affects their splicing activities and, therefore, contributes to HNSCC. Raw data are available from the MassIVE database with identifier MSV000087770.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K. Muehlbauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Tao Wei
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Evgenia Shishkova
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Joshua J. Coon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Paul F. Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
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Targeting the p38α pathway in chronic inflammatory diseases: Could activation, not inhibition, be the appropriate therapeutic strategy? Pharmacol Ther 2022; 235:108153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Cruz-Pulido D, Ouma WZ, Kenney SP. Differing coronavirus genres alter shared host signaling pathways upon viral infection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9744. [PMID: 35697915 PMCID: PMC9189807 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13396-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses are important viral pathogens across a range of animal species including humans. They have a high potential for cross-species transmission as evidenced by the emergence of COVID-19 and may be the origin of future pandemics. There is therefore an urgent need to study coronaviruses in depth and to identify new therapeutic targets. This study shows that distant coronaviruses such as Alpha-, Beta-, and Deltacoronaviruses can share common host immune associated pathways and genes. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the transcription profile of epithelial cell lines infected with swine acute diarrhea syndrome, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, or porcine deltacoronavirus, showed that DEGs within 10 common immune associated pathways were upregulated upon infection. Twenty Three pathways and 21 DEGs across 10 immune response associated pathways were shared by these viruses. These 21 DEGs can serve as focused targets for therapeutics against newly emerging coronaviruses. We were able to show that even though there is a positive correlation between PDCoV and SARS-CoV-2 infections, these viruses could be using different strategies for efficient replication in their cells from their natural hosts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of comparative host transcriptome analysis across distant coronavirus genres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Cruz-Pulido
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Food Animal Health, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | | | - Scott P Kenney
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Food Animal Health, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA.
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Michalak M, Golde V, Helm D, Kaltner H, Gebert J, Kopitz J. Combining Recombinase-Mediated Cassette Exchange Strategy with Quantitative Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Analyses to Inspect Intracellular Functions of the Tumor Suppressor Galectin-4 in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126414. [PMID: 35742860 PMCID: PMC9223697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-4 (Gal4) has been suggested to function as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer (CRC). In order to systematically explore its function in CRC, we established a CRC cell line where Gal4 expression can be regulated via the doxycycline (dox)-inducible expression of a single copy wildtype LGALS4 transgene generated by recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE). Using this model and applying in-depth proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses, we systematically screened for intracellular changes induced by Gal4 expression. Overall, 3083 cellular proteins and 2071 phosphosites were identified and quantified, of which 1603 could be matched and normalized to their protein expression levels. A bioinformatic analysis revealed that most of the regulated proteins and phosphosites can be localized in the nucleus and are categorized as nucleic acid-binding proteins. The top candidates whose expression was modulated by Gal4 are PURB, MAPKAPK3, BTF3 and BCAR1, while the prime candidates with altered phosphorylation included ZBTB7A, FOXK1, PURB and CK2beta. In order to validate the (phospho)proteomic data, we confirmed these candidates by a radiometric metabolic-labelling and immunoprecipitation strategy. All candidates exert functions in the transcriptional or translational control, indicating that Gal4 might be involved in these processes by affecting the expression or activity of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Michalak
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.M.); (V.G.); (J.K.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Viola Golde
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.M.); (V.G.); (J.K.)
| | - Dominik Helm
- Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80539 München, Germany;
| | - Johannes Gebert
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.M.); (V.G.); (J.K.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.M.); (V.G.); (J.K.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Activation of the MKK3-p38-MK2-ZFP36 Axis by Coronavirus Infection Restricts the Upregulation of AU-Rich Element-Containing Transcripts in Proinflammatory Responses. J Virol 2022; 96:e0208621. [PMID: 34985993 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02086-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus infections induce the expression of multiple proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. We have previously shown that in cells infected with gammacoronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-8 were drastically upregulated, and the MAP kinase p38 and the integrated stress response pathways were implicated in this process. In this study, we report that coronavirus infection activates a negative regulatory loop that restricts the upregulation of a number of proinflammatory genes. As revealed by the initial transcriptomic and subsequent validation analyses, the anti-inflammatory adenine-uridine (AU)-rich element (ARE)-binding protein, zinc finger protein 36 (ZFP36), and its related family members were upregulated in cells infected with IBV and three other coronaviruses, alphacoronaviruses porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), and betacoronavirus HCoV-OC43, respectively. Characterization of the functional roles of ZFP36 during IBV infection demonstrated that ZFP36 promoted the degradation of transcripts coding for IL-6, IL-8, dual-specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) and TNF-α-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3), through binding to AREs in these transcripts. Consistently, knockdown and inhibition of JNK and p38 kinase activities reduced the expression of ZFP36, as well as the expression of IL-6 and IL-8. On the contrary, overexpression of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 (MKK3) and MAPKAP kinase-2 (MK2), the upstream and downstream kinases of p38, respectively, increased the expression of ZFP36 and decreased the expression of IL-8. Taken together, this study reveals an important regulatory role of the MKK3-p38-MK2-ZFP36 axis in coronavirus infection-induced proinflammatory response. IMPORTANCE Excessive and uncontrolled induction and release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, the so-called cytokine release syndrome (CRS), would cause life-threatening complications and multiple organ failure in severe coronavirus infections, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and COVID-19. This study reveals that coronavirus infection also induces the expression of ZFP36, an anti-inflammatory ARE-binding protein, promoting the degradation of ARE-containing transcripts coding for IL-6 and IL-8 as well as a number of other proteins related to inflammatory response. Furthermore, the p38 MAP kinase, its upstream kinase MKK3 and downstream kinase MK2 were shown to play a regulatory role in upregulation of ZFP36 during coronavirus infection cycles. This MKK3-p38-MK2-ZFP36 axis would constitute a potential therapeutic target for severe coronavirus infections.
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Gujrati H, Ha S, Mohamed A, Wang BD. MicroRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network Mediates Activation of mTOR and VEGF Signaling in African American Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062926. [PMID: 35328346 PMCID: PMC8949405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
African American (AA) men exhibit 1.6-fold higher prostate cancer (PCa) incidence and 2.4-fold higher mortality rates compared to European American (EA) men. In addition to socioeconomic factors, emerging evidence suggests that intrinsic biological differences may explain part of PCa disparities. In this study, we applied microRNA (miRNA)-driven bioinformatics to evaluate whether differential miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks play a role in promoting the AA PCa disparities. 10 differentially expressed miRNAs were imported to mirPath V.3 algorithm, leading to identification of 58 signaling pathways differentially regulated in AA PCa versus EA PCa. Among these pathways, we particularly focused on mTOR and VEGF signaling, where we identified 5 reciprocal miRNA-mRNA pairings: miR-34a-5p/HIF1A, miR-34a-5p/PIK3CB, miR-34a-5p/IGFBP2, miR-99b-5p/MTOR and miR-96-5p/MAPKAPK2 in AA PCa versus EA PCa. RT-qPCR validation confirmed that miR-34a-5p, miR-99b-5p and MAPKAPK2 were downregulated, while miR-96-5p, IGFBP2, HIF1A, PIK3CB and MTOR were upregulated in AA PCa versus EA PCa cells. Transfection of miRNA mimics/antagomir followed by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis further verified that IGFBP2, HIF1A and PIK3CB are negatively regulated by miR-34a-5p, whereas MTOR and MAPKAPK2 are negatively regulated by miR-99b-5p and miR-96-5p, respectively, at mRNA and protein levels. Targeting reciprocal pairings by miR-34a-5p mimic, miR-99b-5p mimic or miR-96-5p antagomir downregulates HIF1α, PI3Kβ, mTOR, IGFBP2 but upregulates MAPKAPK2, subsequently reducing cell proliferation and sensitizing docetaxel-induced cytotoxicity in PCa cells. These results suggest that miRNA-mRNA regulatory network plays a critical role in AA PCa disparities, and targeting these core miRNA-mRNA pairings may reduce PCa aggressiveness and overcome the chemoresistance in AA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himali Gujrati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA; (H.G.); (S.H.)
| | - Siyoung Ha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA; (H.G.); (S.H.)
| | - Azah Mohamed
- Toxicology Program, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA;
| | - Bi-Dar Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA; (H.G.); (S.H.)
- Hormone Related Cancers Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence:
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Wink L, Miller RA, Garcia GG. Rapamycin, Acarbose and 17α-estradiol share common mechanisms regulating the MAPK pathways involved in intracellular signaling and inflammation. Immun Ageing 2022; 19:8. [PMID: 35105357 PMCID: PMC8805398 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapamycin (Rapa), acarbose (ACA), and 17α-estradiol (17aE2, males only) have health benefits that increase lifespan of mice. Little is known about how these three agents alter the network of pathways downstream of insulin/IGF1 signals as well as inflammatory/stress responses. RESULTS ACA, Rapa, and 17aE2 (in males, but not in females) oppose age-related increases in the MEK1- ERK1/2-MNK1/2 cascade, and thus reduce phosphorylation of eIF4E, a key component of cap-dependent translation. In parallel, these treatments (in both sexes) reduce age-related increases in the MEK3-p38MAPK-MK2 pathway, to decrease levels of the acute phase response proteins involved in inflammation. CONCLUSION Each of three drugs converges on the regulation of both the ERK1/2 signaling pathway and the p38-MAPK pathway. The changes induced by treatments in ERK1/2 signaling are seen in both sexes, but the 17aE2 effects are male-specific, consistent with the effects on lifespan. However, the inhibition of age-dependent p38MAPK pathways and acute phase responses is triggered in both sexes by all three drugs, suggesting new approaches to prevention or reversal of age-related inflammatory changes in a clinical setting independent of lifespan effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Wink
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan College of Literature Science and The Arts, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Richard A. Miller
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370University of Michigan Geriatrics Center, Room 3005 BSRB, Box 2200, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200 USA
| | - Gonzalo G. Garcia
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, USA
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Adamia S, Bhatt S, Wen K, Chyra Z, Fell GG, Tai YT, Pioso MS, Abiatari I, Letai A, Dorfman DM, Hideshima T, Anderson KC. Combination therapy targeting Erk1/2 and CDK4/6i in relapsed refractory multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2022; 36:1088-1101. [PMID: 35082402 PMCID: PMC8979823 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01475-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic activated RAS mutations have been detected in 50% of de novo and 70% of relapsed multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Translocation t(11;14) involving IgH/CCDN1 and overexpression of cyclin-Ds are early events in MM pathogenesis, enhancing uncontrolled MM cell growth. We hypothesized that targeting both RAS/MAPK pathway molecules including Erk1/2 along with cyclin-Ds enhances MM cytotoxicity and minimizes side effects. Recent studies have demonstrated the high potency of Erk1/2 and CDK4/6 inhibitors in metastatic relapsed cancers, and here we tested anti-MM effects of the Erk1/2 + CDK4/6 inhibitor combination. Our studies showed strong synergistic (IC < 0.5) cytotoxicity of Erk1/2i + CDK4/6i in MM-cells. Erk1/2i + CDK4/6i treatment in a dose-dependent manner arrested MM-cells in the G0/G1 phase and activated mitochondrial apoptotic signaling. Our studies showed that Erk1/2i + CDK4/6i treatment-induced inhibition of key target molecules in Erk1/2 and CDK4/6 signaling, such as c-myc, p-RSK, p-S6, p-RB, and E2F1, suggesting on-target activity of these inhibitors. We identified Erk1/2i + CDK4/6i treatment associated five-gene signature which includes SNRPB and SLC25A5; these genes are involved in RNA processing and mitochondrial metabolism, respectively. Overall, our studies provide the preclinical framework for Erk1/2i + CDK4/6i combination clinical trials to target Ras+CDK pathways to improve patient outcome in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Adamia
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Disease Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Shruti Bhatt
- Dana-FArber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117559, Singapore
| | - Kenneth Wen
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Disease Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Zuzana Chyra
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Disease Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Geoffrey G Fell
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Data science, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Yu-Tzu Tai
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Disease Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Marisa S Pioso
- Dana-FArber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Ivane Abiatari
- Ilia State University, School of Medicine, Tbilisi, G409, Georgia
| | - Anthony Letai
- Dana-FArber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - David M Dorfman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Teru Hideshima
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Disease Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Kenneth C Anderson
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Disease Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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The p38 MAPK Components and Modulators as Biomarkers and Molecular Targets in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010370. [PMID: 35008796 PMCID: PMC8745478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family is an important bridge in the transduction of extracellular and intracellular signals in different responses at the cellular level. Within this MAPK family, the p38 kinases can be found altered in various diseases, including cancer, where these kinases play a fundamental role, sometimes with antagonistic mechanisms of action, depending on several factors. In fact, this family has an immense number of functionalities, many of them yet to be discovered in terms of regulation and action in different types of cancer, being directly involved in the response to cancer therapies. To date, three main groups of MAPKs have been identified in mammals: the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and the different isoforms of p38 (α, β, γ, δ). In this review, we highlight the mechanism of action of these kinases, taking into account their extensive regulation at the cellular level through various modifications and modulations, including a wide variety of microRNAs. We also analyze the importance of the different isoforms expressed in the different tissues and their possible role as biomarkers and molecular targets. In addition, we include the latest preclinical and clinical trials with different p38-related drugs that are ongoing with hopeful expectations in the present/future of developing precision medicine in cancer.
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Halim PA, Hassan RA, Mohamed KO, Hassanin SO, Khalil MG, Abdou AM, Osman EO. Synthesis and biological evaluation of halogenated phenoxychalcones and their corresponding pyrazolines as cytotoxic agents in human breast cancer. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 37:189-201. [PMID: 34894967 PMCID: PMC8667918 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1998023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel halogenated phenoxychalcones 2a–f and their corresponding N-acetylpyrazolines 3a–f were synthesised and evaluated for their anticancer activities against breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and normal breast cell line (MCF-10a), compared with staurosporine. All compounds showed moderate to good cytotoxic activity when compared to control. Compound 2c was the most active, with IC50 = 1.52 µM and selectivity index = 15.24. Also, chalcone 2f showed significant cytotoxic activity with IC50 = 1.87 µM and selectivity index = 11.03. Compound 2c decreased both total mitogen activated protein kinase (p38α MAPK) and phosphorylated enzyme in MCF-7 cells, suggesting its ability to decrease cell proliferation and survival. It also showed the ability to induce ROS in MCF-7 treated cells. Compound 2c exhibited apoptotic behaviour in MCF-7 cells due to cell accumulation in G2/M phase and elevation in late apoptosis 57.78-fold more than control. Docking studies showed that compounds 2c and 2f interact with p38alpha MAPK active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Halim
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha A Hassan
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled O Mohamed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Soha O Hassanin
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona G Khalil
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr M Abdou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Eman O Osman
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Shafiq M, Lone ZR, Bharati P, Singh H, Jagavelu K, Verma NK, Ghosh JK, Gaestel M, Hanif K. Involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) in endothelial dysfunction associated with pulmonary hypertension. Life Sci 2021; 286:120075. [PMID: 34678260 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Increased proliferation, inflammation, and endothelial microparticle (EMP) generation in the pulmonary vasculature lead to endothelial dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension (PH). Interestingly, MK2, a downstream of p38MAPK, is a central regulator of inflammation, proliferation, and EMP generation in cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of MK2 in pulmonary endothelial dysfunction remains unexplored. MAIN METHODS The Human Pulmonary Artery Endothelial cells (HPAECs) were exposed to hypoxia (1% O2) for 72 h, and MK2 inhibition was achieved by siRNA treatment. Western blotting, qualitative RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunoassays were conducted to study pathological alterations and molecular mechanisms. Neoangiogenesis was studied using cell migration and tubule formation assays. For in vivo study, Male Sprague Dawley rats and MK2 knock-out mice with littermate control were treated with monocrotaline (MCT) 60 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg, respectively (s.c. once in rat and weekly in mice) to induce PH. MMI-0100 (40 μg/kg, i.p. daily for 35 days), was administered in rats to inhibit MK2. KEY FINDINGS MK2 inhibition significantly decreased inflammation, cell proliferation, apoptosis resistance, and improved mitochondrial functions in hypoxic HPAECs. Hypoxia promoted cell migration, VEGF expression, and angiogenesis in HPAECs, which were also reversed by MK2 siRNA. MK2 inhibition decreased EMP generation and increased the expression of p-eNOS in hypoxic HPAECs, a marker of endothelial function. Furthermore, MK2 deficiency and inhibition both reduced the EMP generation in mice and rats, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE These findings proved that MK2 is involved in endothelial dysfunction, and its inhibition may be beneficial for endothelial function in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shafiq
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Zahid Rasool Lone
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Pragya Bharati
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Himalaya Singh
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kumaravelu Jagavelu
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar Verma
- Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Jimut Kanti Ghosh
- Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute for Zellbiochemie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH), OE 4310, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Kashif Hanif
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Van Sciver N, Ohashi M, Nawandar DM, Pauly NP, Lee D, Makielski KR, Bristol JA, Tsao SW, Lambert PF, Johannsen EC, Kenney SC. ΔNp63α promotes Epstein-Barr virus latency in undifferentiated epithelial cells. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010045. [PMID: 34748616 PMCID: PMC8601603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus that causes infectious mononucleosis and contributes to both B-cell and epithelial-cell malignancies. EBV-infected epithelial cell tumors, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), are largely composed of latently infected cells, but the mechanism(s) maintaining viral latency are poorly understood. Expression of the EBV BZLF1 (Z) and BRLF1 (R) encoded immediate-early (IE) proteins induces lytic infection, and these IE proteins activate each other's promoters. ΔNp63α (a p53 family member) is required for proliferation and survival of basal epithelial cells and is over-expressed in NPC tumors. Here we show that ΔNp63α promotes EBV latency by inhibiting activation of the BZLF1 IE promoter (Zp). Furthermore, we find that another p63 gene splice variant, TAp63α, which is expressed in some Burkitt and diffuse large B cell lymphomas, also represses EBV lytic reactivation. We demonstrate that ΔNp63α inhibits the Z promoter indirectly by preventing the ability of other transcription factors, including the viral IE R protein and the cellular KLF4 protein, to activate Zp. Mechanistically, we show that ΔNp63α promotes viral latency in undifferentiated epithelial cells both by enhancing expression of a known Zp repressor protein, c-myc, and by decreasing cellular p38 kinase activity. Furthermore, we find that the ability of cis-platinum chemotherapy to degrade ΔNp63α contributes to the lytic-inducing effect of this agent in EBV-infected epithelial cells. Together these findings demonstrate that the loss of ΔNp63α expression, in conjunction with enhanced expression of differentiation-dependent transcription factors such as BLIMP1 and KLF4, induces lytic EBV reactivation during normal epithelial cell differentiation. Conversely, expression of ΔNp63α in undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and TAp63α in Burkitt lymphoma promotes EBV latency in these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Van Sciver
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Makoto Ohashi
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Dhananjay M. Nawandar
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Currently at Ring Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nicholas P. Pauly
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Denis Lee
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kathleen R. Makielski
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jillian A. Bristol
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Sai Wah Tsao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul F. Lambert
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Eric C. Johannsen
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Shannon C. Kenney
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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40
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Villegas A, Satheeshkumar R, Ballesteros‐Casallas A, Paulino M, Castro A, Espinosa‐Bustos C, Salas CO. Convergent synthesis, drug target prediction, and docking studies of new 2,6,9‐trisubstituted purine derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alondra Villegas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago de Chile Chile
| | - Rajendran Satheeshkumar
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago de Chile Chile
| | | | - Margot Paulino
- Departamento DETEMA Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Alejandro Castro
- Laboratorio de Bioproductos Farmacéuticos y Cosméticos Centro de Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera Temuco Chile
| | - Christian Espinosa‐Bustos
- Departamento de Farmacia Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago de Chile Chile
| | - Cristian O. Salas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago de Chile Chile
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Delgado M, Washam CL, Urbaniak A, Heflin B, Storey AJ, Lan RS, Mackintosh SG, Tackett AJ, Byrum SD, Chambers TC. Phosphoproteomics Provides Novel Insights into the Response of Primary Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells to Microtubule Depolymerization in G1 Phase of the Cell Cycle. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:24949-24959. [PMID: 34604676 PMCID: PMC8482483 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microtubule targeting agents (MTAs) have been used for the treatment of cancer for many decades and are among the most successful chemotherapeutic agents. However, their application and effectiveness are limited because of toxicity and resistance as well as a lack of knowledge of molecular mechanisms downstream of microtubule inhibition. Insights into key pathways that link microtubule disruption to cell death is critical for optimal use of these drugs, for defining biomarkers useful in patient stratification, and for informed design of drug combinations. Although MTAs characteristically induce death in mitosis, microtubule destabilizing agents such as vincristine also induce death directly in G1 phase in primary acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells. Because many signaling pathways regulating cell survival and death involve changes in protein expression and phosphorylation, we undertook a comprehensive quantitative proteomic study of G1 phase ALL cells treated with vincristine. The results revealed distinct alterations associated with c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling, anti-proliferative signaling, the DNA damage response, and cytoskeletal remodeling. Signals specifically associated with cell death were identified by pre-treatment with the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib, which caused G1 arrest and precluded death induction. These results provide insights into signaling mechanisms regulating cellular responses to microtubule inhibition and provide a foundation for a better understanding of the clinical mechanisms of MTAs and for the design of novel drug combinations. The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the PRIDE Archive (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pride/archive/) via the PRIDE partner repository with the data set identifier PXD027190 and 10.6019/PXD027190.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Delgado
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Charity L. Washam
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
- Arkansas
Children’s Research Institute, 13 Children’s Way, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, United States
| | - Alicja Urbaniak
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Billie Heflin
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Aaron J. Storey
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Renny S. Lan
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Samuel G. Mackintosh
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Alan J. Tackett
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
- Arkansas
Children’s Research Institute, 13 Children’s Way, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, United States
- Winthrop
P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, 449 Jack Stephens Dr, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United
States
| | - Stephanie D. Byrum
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
- Arkansas
Children’s Research Institute, 13 Children’s Way, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, United States
- Winthrop
P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, 449 Jack Stephens Dr, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United
States
| | - Timothy C. Chambers
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
- Winthrop
P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, 449 Jack Stephens Dr, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United
States
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Luo C, Wang S, Liao W, Zhang S, Xu N, Xie W, Zhang Y. Upregulation of the APOBEC3 Family Is Associated with a Poor Prognosis and Influences Treatment Response to Raf Inhibitors in Low Grade Glioma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10390. [PMID: 34638749 PMCID: PMC8508917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3) has been identified as a group of enzymes that catalyze cytosine deamination in single-stranded (ss) DNA to form uracil, causing somatic mutations in some cancers. We analyzed the APOBEC3 family in 33 TCGA cancer types and the results indicated that APOBEC3s are upregulated in multiple cancers and strongly correlate with prognosis, particularly in low grade glioma (LGG). Then we constructed a prognostic model based on family expression in LGG where the APOBEC3 family signature is an accurate predictive model (AUC of 0.85). Gene mutation, copy number variation (CNV), and a differential gene expression (DEG) analysis were performed in different risk groups, and the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was employed to clarify the role of various members in LGG; CIBERSORT algorithm was deployed to evaluate the landscape of LGG immune infiltration. We found that upregulation of the APOBEC3 family expression can strengthen Ras/MAPK signaling pathway, promote tumor progression, and ultimately reduce the treatment benefits of Raf inhibitors. Moreover, the APOBEC3 family was shown to enhance the immune response mediated by myeloid cells and interferon gamma, as well as PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression, implying that they have immunotherapy potential. Therefore, the APOBEC3 signature enables an efficient assessment of LGG patient survival outcomes and expansion of clinical benefits by selecting appropriate individualized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Luo
- China State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; (C.L.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (S.Z.); (N.X.); (W.X.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology of Shenzhen, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Songmao Wang
- China State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; (C.L.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (S.Z.); (N.X.); (W.X.)
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology of Shenzhen, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weijie Liao
- China State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; (C.L.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (S.Z.); (N.X.); (W.X.)
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology of Shenzhen, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shikuan Zhang
- China State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; (C.L.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (S.Z.); (N.X.); (W.X.)
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology of Shenzhen, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Naihan Xu
- China State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; (C.L.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (S.Z.); (N.X.); (W.X.)
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology of Shenzhen, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Open FIESTA Center, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Weidong Xie
- China State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; (C.L.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (S.Z.); (N.X.); (W.X.)
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology of Shenzhen, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Open FIESTA Center, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yaou Zhang
- China State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; (C.L.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (S.Z.); (N.X.); (W.X.)
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology of Shenzhen, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Open FIESTA Center, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Morgan D, Berggren KL, Spiess CD, Smith HM, Tejwani A, Weir SJ, Lominska CE, Thomas SM, Gan GN. Mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase-2 (MK2) and its role in cell survival, inflammatory signaling, and migration in promoting cancer. Mol Carcinog 2021; 61:173-199. [PMID: 34559922 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer and the immune system share an intimate relationship. Chronic inflammation increases the risk of cancer occurrence and can also drive inflammatory mediators into the tumor microenvironment enhancing tumor growth and survival. The p38 MAPK pathway is activated both acutely and chronically by stress, inflammatory chemokines, chronic inflammatory conditions, and cancer. These properties have led to extensive efforts to find effective drugs targeting p38, which have been unsuccessful. The immediate downstream serine/threonine kinase and substrate of p38 MAPK, mitogen-activated-protein-kinase-activated-protein-kinase-2 (MK2) protects cells against stressors by regulating the DNA damage response, transcription, protein and messenger RNA stability, and motility. The phosphorylation of downstream substrates by MK2 increases inflammatory cytokine production, drives an immune response, and contributes to wound healing. By binding directly to p38 MAPK, MK2 is responsible for the export of p38 MAPK from the nucleus which gives MK2 properties that make it unique among the large number of p38 MAPK substrates. Many of the substrates of both p38 MAPK and MK2 are separated between the cytosol and nucleus and interfering with MK2 and altering this intracellular translocation has implications for the actions of both p38 MAPK and MK2. The inhibition of MK2 has shown promise in combination with both chemotherapy and radiotherapy as a method for controlling cancer growth and metastasis in a variety of cancers. Whereas the current data are encouraging the field requires the development of selective and well tolerated drugs to target MK2 and a better understanding of its effects for effective clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deri Morgan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Kiersten L Berggren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Section of Radiation Oncology, UNM School of Medicine, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Colby D Spiess
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Hannah M Smith
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Ajay Tejwani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Scott J Weir
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Christopher E Lominska
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Sufi M Thomas
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Gregory N Gan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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Li Z, Lu J, Pang Q, You J. Construction of a near-infrared fluorescent probe for ratiometric imaging of peroxynitrite during tumor progression. Analyst 2021; 146:5204-5211. [PMID: 34312630 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00980j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Malignant tumors are one of the main causes for human death and are tightly associated with overexpression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in pathological processes. Therefore, in vivo monitoring of ROS, especially ONOO-, remains of great significance for diagnosis and therapy of tumors to improve the survival rate. Herein, we designed and constructed a reliable near-infrared (NIR) ratiometric fluorescent biosensor CDMS for monitoring the fluctuations of ONOO- in the process of tumor progression. CDMS featured outstanding stability to photoirradiation, substantial quantum yields, rapid response (<5 s), high selectivity and excellent biocompatibility. Moreover, CDMS exhibited distinct ratiometric fluorescence signal changes after reacting with ONOO-. Fluorescence imaging in immune stimulated cells indicated that CDMS was competent to determine the levels of ONOO- in the cellular level. Remarkably, CDMS was further applied in monitoring the expression of ONOO- in a peritonitis mouse model and tumor-bearing mouse model. Based on the excellent properties of CDMS, the probe exhibited the potential for noninvasive in vivo visualization of ONOO- in the occurrence and process of tumor development. It is envisioned that CDMS can be employed as a promising tool for monitoring the ONOO- fluxes in tumor pathological progression, especially for tumor diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Li
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P.R. China.
| | - Jiao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P.R. China.
| | - Qing Pang
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P.R. China.
| | - Jinmao You
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P.R. China.
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Al‐Qahtani QH, Moghrabi WN, Al‐Yahya S, Al‐Haj L, Al‐Saif M, Mahmoud L, Al‐Mohanna F, Al‐Souhibani N, Alaiya A, Hitti E, Khabar KSA. Kinome inhibition reveals a role for polo-like kinase 1 in targeting post-transcriptional control in cancer. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:2120-2139. [PMID: 33411958 PMCID: PMC8334256 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctions in post-transcriptional control are observed in cancer and chronic inflammatory diseases. Here, we employed a kinome inhibitor library (n = 378) in a reporter system selective for 3'-untranslated region-AU-rich elements (ARE). Fifteen inhibitors reduced the ARE-reporter activity; among the targets is the polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1). RNA-seq experiments demonstrated that the PLK1 inhibitor, volasertib, reduces the expression of cytokine and cell growth ARE mRNAs. PLK1 inhibition caused accelerated mRNA decay in cancer cells and was associated with reduced phosphorylation and stability of the mRNA decay-promoting protein, tristetraprolin (ZFP36/TTP). Ectopic expression of PLK1 increased abundance and stability of high molecular weight of ZFP36/TTP likely of the phosphorylated form. PLK1 effect was associated with the MAPK-MK2 pathway, a major regulator of ARE-mRNA stability, as evident from MK2 inhibition, in vitro phosphorylation, and knockout experiments. Mutational analysis demonstrates that TTP serine 186 is a target for PLK1 effect. Treatment of mice with the PLK1 inhibitor reduced both ZFP36/TTP phosphorylation in xenograft tumor tissues, and the tumor size. In cancer patients' tissues, PLK1/ARE-regulated gene cluster was overexpressed in solid tumors and associated with poor survival. The data showed that PLK1-mediated post-transcriptional aberration could be a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qamraa H. Al‐Qahtani
- Molecular BioMedicine ProgramFaisal Specialist Hospital and Research CentreRiyadhKingSaudi Arabia
- Present address:
Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyCollege of PharmacyKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11495Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid N. Moghrabi
- Molecular BioMedicine ProgramFaisal Specialist Hospital and Research CentreRiyadhKingSaudi Arabia
| | - Suhad Al‐Yahya
- Molecular BioMedicine ProgramFaisal Specialist Hospital and Research CentreRiyadhKingSaudi Arabia
| | - Latifa Al‐Haj
- Molecular BioMedicine ProgramFaisal Specialist Hospital and Research CentreRiyadhKingSaudi Arabia
| | - Maher Al‐Saif
- Molecular BioMedicine ProgramFaisal Specialist Hospital and Research CentreRiyadhKingSaudi Arabia
| | - Linah Mahmoud
- Molecular BioMedicine ProgramFaisal Specialist Hospital and Research CentreRiyadhKingSaudi Arabia
| | - Falah Al‐Mohanna
- Department of Comparative MedicineKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CentreRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Norah Al‐Souhibani
- Molecular BioMedicine ProgramFaisal Specialist Hospital and Research CentreRiyadhKingSaudi Arabia
| | - Ayodele Alaiya
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering ProgramFaisal Specialist Hospital and Research CentreRiyadhKingSaudi Arabia
| | - Edward Hitti
- Molecular BioMedicine ProgramFaisal Specialist Hospital and Research CentreRiyadhKingSaudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S. A. Khabar
- Molecular BioMedicine ProgramFaisal Specialist Hospital and Research CentreRiyadhKingSaudi Arabia
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46
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Lu Y, Yan Y, Li B, Liu M, Liang Y, Ye Y, Cheng W, Li J, Jiao J, Chang S. A Novel Prognostic Model for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The Functions and Prognostic Values of RNA-Binding Proteins. Front Oncol 2021; 11:592614. [PMID: 34395233 PMCID: PMC8362834 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.592614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The biological roles and clinical significance of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are not fully understood. We investigated the prognostic value of RBPs in OSCC using several bioinformatic strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS OSCC data were obtained from a public online database, the Limma R package was used to identify differentially expressed RBPs, and functional enrichment analysis was performed to elucidate the biological functions of the above RBPs in OSCC. We performed protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and Cox regression analyses to extract prognosis-related hub RBPs. Next, we established and validated a prognostic model based on the hub RBPs using Cox regression and risk score analyses. RESULTS We found that the differentially expressed RBPs were closely related to the defense response to viruses and multiple RNA processes. We identified 10 prognosis-related hub RBPs (ZC3H12D, OAS2, INTS10, ACO1, PCBP4, RNASE3, PTGES3L-AARSD1, RNASE13, DDX4, and PCF11) and effectively predicted the overall survival of OSCC patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of the risk score model was 0.781, suggesting that our model exhibited excellent prognostic performance. Finally, we built a nomogram integrating the 10 RBPs. The internal validation cohort results showed a reliable predictive capability of the nomogram for OSCC. CONCLUSION We established a novel 10-RBP-based model for OSCC that could enable precise individual treatment and follow-up management strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjuan Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongcong Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mo Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yancan Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yushan Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqi Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinsong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiuyang Jiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaohai Chang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Chen MH, Gu YY, Zhang AL, Sze DMY, Mo SL, May BH. Biological effects and mechanisms of matrine and other constituents of Sophora flavescens in colorectal cancer. Pharmacol Res 2021; 171:105778. [PMID: 34298110 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The plant Sophora flavescens Ait. has been used in the clinical management of colorectal cancer (CRC). Its constituent compounds, notably the alkaloids matrine, oxymatrine, and sophoridine, have received considerable research attention in experimental models of CRC in vivo and in vitro. This review found that extracts of S. flavescens and/or its constituent compounds have been reported to inhibit CRC cell proliferation by inducing cell-cycle arrest at the G1 phase, inducing apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway, interfering in cancer metabolism, inhibiting metastasis and angiogenesis, regulating senescence and telomeres, regulating the tumour microenvironment and down-regulating cancer-related inflammation. In addition, matrine and oxymatrine reversed multi-drug resistance and enhanced the effects of chemotherapies. These anti-cancer effects were associated with regulation of several cellular signalling pathways including: MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, p38MAPK, NF-κB, Hippo/LATS2, TGF-β/Smad, JAK/STAT3, RhoA/ROC, and Wnt/ β-catenin pathways. These multiple actions in CRC suggest the alkaloids of S. flavescens may be therapeutic candidates for CRC management. Nevertheless, there remains considerable scope for future research into its flavonoid constituents, the effects of combinations of compounds, and the interaction between these compounds and anti-cancer drugs. In addition, more research is needed to investigate likely drug ligand-receptor interactions for each of the bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hua Chen
- School of Health and Biomedical Science, RMIT University, P.O. Box 71, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia.
| | - Yue-Yu Gu
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine and Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Anthony Lin Zhang
- School of Health and Biomedical Science, RMIT University, P.O. Box 71, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia.
| | - Daniel Man-Yuen Sze
- School of Health and Biomedical Science, RMIT University, P.O. Box 71, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia.
| | - Sui-Lin Mo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Brian H May
- School of Health and Biomedical Science, RMIT University, P.O. Box 71, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia.
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Chen H, Padia R, Li T, Li Y, Li B, Jin L, Huang S. Signaling of MK2 sustains robust AP1 activity for triple negative breast cancer tumorigenesis through direct phosphorylation of JAB1. NPJ Breast Cancer 2021; 7:91. [PMID: 34244488 PMCID: PMC8270897 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00300-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells are generally more invasive than estrogen receptor-positive (ER + ) breast cancer cells. Consistent with the importance of activator protein 1 (AP1) transcription factors in invasion, AP1 activity is much higher in TNBC lines than ER + lines. In TNBC cells, robust AP1 activity is facilitated by both ERK and p38MAPK signaling pathways. While ERK signaling pathway regulates AP1 activity by controlling the abundance of AP1 transcription factors, p38MAPK signaling pathway does it by enhancing AP1 binding to AP1 sites without altering their abundance. Here, we show that p38MAPK regulation of AP1 activity involves both MAPKAPK2 (MK2) and JAB1, a known JUN-binding protein. MK2 not only interacts with JAB1 but also directly phosphorylates JAB1 at Ser177 in TNBC cells. Interestingly, Ser177 phosphorylation does not affect JAB1 and JUN interaction. Instead, interfering with p38MAPK signaling pathway or introducing an S to A point mutation at Ser177 of JAB1 reduces JUN recruitment to the AP1 sites in cyclin D1, urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and uPA receptor promoters. Moreover, knockdown of JAB1 diminishes >60% of AP1 transcriptional activity in TNBC cells. Taken together, these results indicate that MK2-mediated phosphorylation of JAB1 facilitates JUN recruitment to AP1 sites, thus augmenting AP1 activity. In line with the role of JAB1 in AP1 activity, silencing JAB1 leads to dramatic reduction in TNBC cell growth, in vitro invasion and in vivo tumor outgrowth. This study suggests that the p38MAPK-MK2 signaling pathway promotes TNBC tumorigenesis by sustaining robust AP1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Chen
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, College of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ravi Padia
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Tao Li
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Yue Li
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Bin Li
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Lingtao Jin
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Shuang Huang
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL USA
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Duan X, Cheng X, Yin X, Ke Z, Song J. Systematic analysis of the function and prognostic value of RNA binding protein in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 279:1535-1547. [PMID: 34218307 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-06929-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dysregulation of RNA binding proteins (RBPs) plays an important role in controlling processes in cancer development. However, the function of RBPs has not been thoroughly and systematically documented in head and neck cancer. We aim to explore the role of RPB in the pathogenesis of HNSC. METHODS We obtained HNSC gene expression data and corresponding clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the GEO databases, and identified aberrantly expressed RBPs between tumors and normal tissues. Meanwhile, we performed a series of bioinformatics to explore the function and prognostic value of these RBPs. RESULTS A total of 249 abnormally expressed RBPs were identified, including 101 downregulated RBPs and 148 upregulated RBPs. Using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and univariate Cox regression analysis, the 15 RPBs were identified as hub genes. With the 15 RPBS, the prognostic prediction model was constructed. Further analysis showed that the high-risk score of the patients expressed a better survival outcome. The prediction model was validated in another HNSC dataset, and similar findings were observed. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of HNSC. The fifteen RBP gene signature exhibited the predictive value of moderate HNSC prognosis, and have potential application value in clinical decision-making and individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Duan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Xianlin Cheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Xinhai Yin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhao Ke
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Jukun Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, China.
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Khedr OMS, El-Sonbaty SM, Moawed FSM, Kandil EI, Abdel-Maksoud BE. Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 Exopolysaccharides Suppresses Mediators of Inflammation through the Inhibition of TLR2/STAT-3/P38-MAPK Pathway in DEN-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis in Rats. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1037-1047. [PMID: 34085875 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1934490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics have been suggested as a safe and cost-effective approach to prevent or treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Some of the exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by lactic acid bacteria confer health benefits such as immunomodulatory and antitumor activities. The present study was therefore aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 EPSs against diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and gamma radiation (IR) induced HCC either as prevention or treatment in male rats' model. Biochemical results revealed a significant increase in serum ALT and γ-GT activities as well as MDA, IL-17, TGF-β1, signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 protein (STAT3), mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 (p38MAPK) levels in the liver tissue. The gene expression level of the liver toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) gene was also increased. However, prevention and treatment with EPSs ameliorated most of the investigated parameters. The histopathological observations of liver tissues were in agreement with restored biochemical results. In conclusion, Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 EPSs are efficacious control against HCC throughout the regulation of TLR2/STAT-3/P38-MAPK Pathway associated with inflammation. Therefore, our novel EPSs ATCC 4356 could be used as a good, safe and effective probiotic to prevent hepatocarcinogenesis in suspected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola M S Khedr
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sawsan M El-Sonbaty
- Microbiology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatma S M Moawed
- Health Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman I Kandil
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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