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Kitano S, Tsunashima R, Kato C, Watanabe A, Sota Y, Matsumoto S, Morita M, Sakaguchi K, Naoi Y. Validation of late recurrence prediction by gene expression profiles and clinicopathological factors in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Breast Cancer 2024; 31:898-908. [PMID: 38862868 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-024-01602-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism of late recurrence (LR) of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer remains unclear, as previous studies have separately investigated "gene expression profiles" and "clinicopathological factors." Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the predictive capability of LR by combining the two independent factors of gene expression profiles (42-gene classifier: 42GC) and clinicopathological factors (Clinical Treatment Score post-5 years: CTS5) in multiple large cohorts. METHODS We analyzed microarray CEL file data downloaded from public databases of 28 global cohorts. A total of 2,454 patients with ER-positive breast cancer were analyzed for 42GC, and 1,263 of these, with complete clinicopathological data were analyzed for CTS5. RESULTS In the analysis of recurrent patients, the 42GC LR and CTS5 low-risk group tended to have LR. Notably, in the analysis of patients with and without recurrence, the highest LR rate beyond 5 years was observed in the CTS5 high-risk group. The combination of the 42GC and CTS5 high-risk groups showed the highest LR rate (16.9%), significantly exceeding that of the 42GC non-LR (NLR) and CTS5 low-risk combination (5.41%) (p = 0.038, odds ratio = 3.53). Furthermore, incorporating a third factor, 95GC, potentially reduced the number of patients prioritized for extended hormonal therapy for approximately one-quarter of patients. CONCLUSIONS Results confirmed that the two factors, gene expression profiles and clinicopathological factors, affect the time of recurrence. It also showed that the biological predisposition for LR (CTS5 low-risk) differed from the high LR rate (CTS5 high-risk). In clinical practice, patients with the 42GC LR and CTS5 high-risk combination should be prioritized for extended hormonal therapy. The addition of CTS5 and 95GC to 42GC allows for better risk classification of LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Kitano
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-Cho Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Ryo Tsunashima
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Rinku General Medical Center, Rinku Ourai Kita 2-23, Izumisanoshi, Osaka, 598-8577, Japan.
| | - Chikage Kato
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-Cho Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-Cho Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Sota
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Saya Matsumoto
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-Cho Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Midori Morita
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-Cho Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Koichi Sakaguchi
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-Cho Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yasuto Naoi
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-Cho Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
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Dong C, Liu Y, Chong S, Zeng J, Bian Z, Chen X, Fan S. Deciphering Dormant Cells of Lung Adenocarcinoma: Prognostic Insights from O-glycosylation-Related Tumor Dormancy Genes Using Machine Learning. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9502. [PMID: 39273449 PMCID: PMC11395112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) poses significant challenges due to its complex biological characteristics and high recurrence rate. The high recurrence rate of LUAD is closely associated with cellular dormancy, which enhances resistance to chemotherapy and evasion of immune cell destruction. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from LUAD patients, we categorized the cells into two subclusters: dormant and active cells. Utilizing high-density Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (hdWGCNA) and pseudo-time cell trajectory, aberrant expression of genes involved in protein O-glycosylation was detected in dormant cells, suggesting a crucial role for O-glycosylation in maintaining the dormant state. Intercellular communication analysis highlighted the interaction between fibroblasts and dormant cells, where the Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) signaling pathway regulated by O-glycosylation was crucial. By employing Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) and machine learning, a risk score model was developed using hub genes, which showed high accuracy in determining LUAD prognosis. The model also demonstrated robust performance on the training dataset and excellent predictive capability, providing a reliable basis for predicting patient clinical outcomes. The group with a higher risk score exhibited a propensity for adverse outcomes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumor mutational burden (TMB). Additionally, the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for chemotherapy exhibited significant variations among the different risk groups. In vitro experiments demonstrated that EFNB2, PTTG1IP, and TNFRSF11A were upregulated in dormant tumor cells, which also contributed greatly to the diagnosis of LUAD. In conclusion, this study highlighted the crucial role of O-glycosylation in the dormancy state of LUAD tumors and developed a predictive model for the prognosis of LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Suli Chong
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jiayue Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Ziming Bian
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Sairong Fan
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translation, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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Al-Ruwishan A, Amer B, Salem A, Abdi A, Chimpandu N, Esa A, Melemenis A, Saleem MZ, Mathew R, Gamallat Y. Advancements in Understanding the Hide-and-Seek Strategy of Hibernating Breast Cancer Cells and Their Implications in Oncology from a Broader Perspective: A Comprehensive Overview. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:8340-8367. [PMID: 39194709 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46080492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advancements in technology, breast cancer still poses a significant threat, often resulting in fatal consequences. While early detection and treatments have shown some promise, many breast cancer patients continue to struggle with the persistent fear of the disease returning. This fear is valid, as breast cancer cells can lay dormant for years before remerging, evading traditional treatments like a game of hide and seek. The biology of these dormant breast cancer cells presents a crucial yet poorly understood challenge in clinical settings. In this review, we aim to explore the mysterious world of dormant breast cancer cells and their significant impact on patient outcomes and prognosis. We shed light on the elusive role of the G9a enzyme and many other epigenetic factors in breast cancer recurrence, highlighting its potential as a target for eliminating dormant cancer cells and preventing disease relapse. Through this comprehensive review, we not only emphasise the urgency of unravelling the dynamics of dormant breast cancer cells to improve patient outcomes and advance personalised oncology but also provide a guide for fellow researchers. By clearly outlining the clinical and research gaps surrounding dormant breast cancer cells from a molecular perspective, we aim to inspire further exploration of this critical area, ultimately leading to improved patient care and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiman Al-Ruwishan
- Space for Research Initiative, Research Horizons, London NW10 2PU, UK
| | - Bushra Amer
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Ahmed Salem
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Ahmed Abdi
- Independent Researcher, Uxbridge UB9 6JH, UK
| | | | | | | | - Muhammad Zubair Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Roselit Mathew
- Department of Oncology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Yaser Gamallat
- Department of Oncology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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Chawla P, Gau D, Chen F, Welling N, Boone D, Taboas J, Lee AV, Galson DL, Roy P. Breast cancer cells promote osteoclast differentiation in an MRTF-dependent paracrine manner. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.06.570453. [PMID: 38106226 PMCID: PMC10723471 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.06.570453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a frequent site for breast cancer metastasis. Conditioning of the local tumor microenvironment (TME) through crosstalk between tumor cells and bone resident cells in the metastatic niche is a major driving force for bone colonization of breast cancer cells. The vast majority of breast cancer-associated metastasis is osteolytic in nature, and RANKL-induced differentiation of bone marrow-derived macrophages to osteoclasts (OCLs) is a key requirement for osteolytic metastatic growth of cancer cells. In this study, we demonstrate that breast cancer cell-secreted factors stimulate RANKL-induced OCL differentiation of BMDMs requiring the function of Myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF) in tumor cells. This is partly attributed to the critical role of MRTF in maintaining the basal cellular expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a pro-osteoclastogenic matricellular factor known to promote bone metastasis in human breast cancer. Supporting these in vitro findings, bioinformatics analyses of multiple human breast cancer transcriptome datasets reveal a strong positive correlation between CTGF expression and MRTF gene signature further establishing the relevance of our findings in a human disease context. By Luminex analyses, we show that MRTF depletion in breast cancer cells has a broad impact on OCL-regulatory cell-secreted factors that extends beyond CTGF. These findings, taken together with demonstration of MRTF-dependence for bone colonization breast cancer cells in vivo, suggest that MRTF inhibition could be an effective strategy to diminish OCL formation and skeletal involvement in breast cancer. In summary, this study highlights a novel tumor-extrinsic function of MRTF relevant to breast cancer metastasis.
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Zhu Z, Wang H, Qian X, Xue M, Sun A, Yin Y, Tang J, Zhang J. Inhibitory Impact Of Cinobufagin In Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Metastasis: Involvements Of Macrophage Reprogramming Through Upregulated MME and Inactivated FAK/STAT3 Signaling. Clin Breast Cancer 2024; 24:e244-e257.e1. [PMID: 38378361 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2024.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cinobufagin (CBG), a key bioactive component in cinobufacini, exhibits antitumor properties. This study explores CBG's impact on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) metastasis and elucidates the underpinning mechanism. METHODS Murine xenograft and orthotopic metastatic TNBC models were generated and treated with CBG. The burden of metastatic tumor in the mouse lung, the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, and macrophage polarization markers within the tumors were examined. The phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and mobility of TNBCs in vitro in a macrophage-TNBC cell coculture system were analyzed. Physiological targets of CBG were identified by bioinformatics analyses. RESULTS CBG treatment significantly alleviated lung tumor burden and EMT activity. It triggered an M2-to-M1 shift in TAMs, resulting in decreased TNBC cell migration, invasion, and EMT in vitro. CBG upregulated membrane metalloendopeptidase (MME) expression, suppressing FAK and STAT3 phosphorylation. Silencing of MME, either in mice or TAMs, counteracted CBG effects, reinstating M2 TAM predominance and enhancing TNBC cell metastasis. Cotreatment with Defactinib, a FAK antagonist, reversed M2 TAM polarization and TNBC cell metastasis. Notably, MME silencing in TNBC cells had no impact on CBG-suppressed malignant properties, indicating MME's indirect involvement in TNBC cell behavior through TAM mediation. CONCLUSION This study unveils CBG's ability to enhance MME expression, deactivate FAK/STAT3 signaling, and inhibit TNBC metastasis by suppressing M2-skewed macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Zhu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an 223001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hanlu Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an 223300, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xu Qian
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an 223001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Meiling Xue
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an 223001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an 223001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yifei Yin
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an 223001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jinhai Tang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Thakur C, Qiu Y, Pawar A, Chen F. Epigenetic regulation of breast cancer metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:597-619. [PMID: 37857941 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide. Recurrent metastasis is associated with poor patient outcomes and poses a significant challenge in breast cancer therapies. Cancer cells adapting to a new tissue microenvironment is the key event in distant metastasis development, where the disseminating tumor cells are likely to acquire genetic and epigenetic alterations during the process of metastatic colonization. Despite several decades of research in this field, the exact mechanisms governing metastasis are not fully understood. However, emerging body of evidence indicates that in addition to genetic changes, epigenetic reprogramming of cancer cells and the metastatic niche are paramount toward successful metastasis. Here, we review and discuss the latest knowledge about the salient attributes of metastasis and epigenetic regulation in breast cancer and crucial research domains that need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Thakur
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Lauterbur Drive, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
| | - Yiran Qiu
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Lauterbur Drive, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Aashna Pawar
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Lauterbur Drive, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Fei Chen
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Lauterbur Drive, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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Khalafi‐Nezhad A, Zamani A, Amini M, Negahban S. A case report of renal cell carcinoma metastasis revealed through late-onset thyroid nodules. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2024; 7:e2113. [PMID: 39031907 PMCID: PMC11190580 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.2113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common and prevalent cancers all around the world with a prevalence of 3%. Approximately twenty percent of patients present with metastasis at the time of diagnosis, while late metastasis in renal cell carcinoma is a quite familiar phenomenon. Head and neck and particularly thyroid metastasis from RCC are rare events. CASE We present a case of a 75-year-old woman who developed thyroid nodules 13 years after nephrectomy for RCC. Diagnosis confirmed metastatic RCC through clinical history, histomorphology, and immunohistochemistry. Imaging studies revealed thyroid lesions without metastasis in other organs. The patient underwent total thyroidectomy and remains symptom-free after 2 years of follow-up. CONCLUSION This case highlights the importance of considering metastatic lesions is crucial in managing thyroid nodules in patients with a history of cancer, particularly RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Khalafi‐Nezhad
- Hematology Research Center, Department of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Stem Cell TransplantationShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Ali Zamani
- Associate Professor of Endocrinology & Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine and Metabolism Research CenterShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Mahya Amini
- Department of Internal MedicineShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Shahrzad Negahban
- Department of pathology and cytologyDr. Daneshbod Pathology LaboratoryShirazIran
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Ren H, Shen X, Xie M, Guo X. Construction of a prognostic score model for breast cancer based on multi-omics analysis of study on bone metastasis. Transl Cancer Res 2024; 13:2419-2436. [PMID: 38881940 PMCID: PMC11170530 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-23-1881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BRCA) is the most common type of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women all over the world. Metastasis to bone is an indicator of poor prognosis in BRCA patients. This study aimed to develop a prognostic score model for predicting bone metastasis in patients with BRCA. Methods BRCA-related RNA sequencing datasets and corresponding clinical information were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using Limma package of R software. A risk score based predictive model was constructed based on the key genes identified through univariate Cox regression and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression. The gene expression profiles in BRCA patients were analyzed by gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Random survival forest (RSF) analysis of BRCA patients with bone metastasis was conducted to identify the key DEGs. Results Based on DEG analysis, a total of 677 genes were identified as genes related to bone metastasis in BRCA. By univariate Cox regression and LASSO regression, 28 DEGs were identified as signature genes to develop the prognostic model. A risk score for each patient was created by incorporating the expression values of each specific gene and weighting them with the corresponding estimated regression coefficients. Patients were divided into a low-risk and a high-risk group based on the median risk score. Overall survival (OS) was significantly lower in the high-risk group. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and multi-omics analysis indicated that the model had high training/testing accuracy and a good clinical predictive value. We used extra data from GEO database to verify the robustness of the prognostic model, and the lower OS in high-risk group and area under the curve (AUC) value indicated the model had strong predictive efficacy for prognosis of BRCA. Conclusions A prognostic prediction model was constructed based on 28 key DEGs identified through multi-omics analysis of studies on bone metastasis. The model may provide a promising method for distinguishing the high-risk BRCA patients and help on decision making in addition to prognosis prediction for BRCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Ren
- Division of Spinal Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Shen
- Division of Spinal Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyun Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Ocadiz-Ruiz R, Decker JT, Griffin K, Tan ZM, Domala NK, Jeruss JS, Shea LD. Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines Differentially Modulate Signaling from Distant Microenvironments, Which Reflects Their Metastatic Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:796. [PMID: 38398186 PMCID: PMC10887178 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the stage at which the prognosis substantially decreases for many types of cancer. The ability of tumor cells to metastasize is dependent upon the characteristics of the tumor cells, and the conditioning of distant tissues that support colonization by metastatic cells. In this report, we investigated the systemic alterations in distant tissues caused by multiple human breast cancer cell lines and the impact of these alterations on the tumor cell phenotype. We observed that the niche within the lung, a common metastatic site, was significantly altered by MDA-MB-231, MCF7, and T47 tumors, and that the lung microenvironment stimulated, to differing extents, an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), reducing proliferation, increasing transendothelial migration and senescence, with no significant impact on cell death. We also investigated the ability of an implantable scaffold, which supports the formation of a distant tissue, to serve as a surrogate for the lung to identify systemic alterations. The scaffolds are conditioned by the primary tumor similarly to the lung for each tumor type, evidenced by promoting a pro-EMT profile. Collectively, we demonstrate that metastatic and non-metastatic breast cancers condition distant tissues, with distinct effects on tumor cell responses, and that a surrogate tissue can distinguish the metastatic potential of human breast cancer cell lines in an accessible site that avoids biopsy of a vital organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Ocadiz-Ruiz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (R.O.-R.)
| | - Joseph T. Decker
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kate Griffin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (R.O.-R.)
| | - Zoey M. Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (R.O.-R.)
| | - Nishant K. Domala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (R.O.-R.)
| | - Jacqueline S. Jeruss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (R.O.-R.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lonnie D. Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (R.O.-R.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Adam-Artigues A, Valencia Salazar LE, Aguirre-Ghiso JA. Immune evasion by dormant disseminated cancer cells: A Fermi paradox? Cancer Cell 2024; 42:13-15. [PMID: 38194913 PMCID: PMC11034720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Rare disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) can persist after treatment in patients for years, and the immune system does not eliminate them. Goddard et al. propose that immune evasion by rare dormant DTCs is due to an improbability of contact imposed by large distances separating effector T cells and DTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Adam-Artigues
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Luis E Valencia Salazar
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Julio A Aguirre-Ghiso
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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11
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Sreekumar A, Lu M, Choudhury B, Pan TC, Pant DK, Lawrence-Paul MR, Sterner CJ, Belka GK, Toriumi T, Benz BA, Escobar-Aguirre M, Marino FE, Esko JD, Chodosh LA. B3GALT6 promotes dormant breast cancer cell survival and recurrence by enabling heparan sulfate-mediated FGF signaling. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:52-69.e7. [PMID: 38065100 PMCID: PMC10872305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer mortality results from incurable recurrences thought to be seeded by dormant, therapy-refractory residual tumor cells (RTCs). Understanding the mechanisms enabling RTC survival is therefore essential for improving patient outcomes. Here, we derive a dormancy-associated RTC signature that mirrors the transcriptional response to neoadjuvant therapy in patients and is enriched for extracellular matrix-related pathways. In vivo CRISPR-Cas9 screening of dormancy-associated candidate genes identifies the galactosyltransferase B3GALT6 as a functional regulator of RTC fitness. B3GALT6 is required for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) linkage to proteins to generate proteoglycans, and its germline loss of function in patients causes skeletal dysplasias. We find that B3GALT6-mediated biosynthesis of heparan sulfate GAGs predicts poor patient outcomes and promotes tumor recurrence by enhancing dormant RTC survival in multiple contexts, and does so via a B3GALT6-heparan sulfate/HS6ST1-heparan 6-O-sulfation/FGF1-FGFR2 signaling axis. These findings implicate B3GALT6 in cancer and nominate FGFR2 inhibition as a promising approach to eradicate dormant RTCs and prevent recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amulya Sreekumar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michelle Lu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Biswa Choudhury
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tien-Chi Pan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dhruv K Pant
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew R Lawrence-Paul
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher J Sterner
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - George K Belka
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Takashi Toriumi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brian A Benz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matias Escobar-Aguirre
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Francesco E Marino
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Esko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lewis A Chodosh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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12
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Abstract
The pattern of delayed recurrence in a subset of breast cancer patients has long been explained by a model that incorporates a variable period of cellular or tumor mass dormancy prior to disease relapse. In this review, we critically evaluate existing data to develop a framework for inferring the existence of dormancy in clinical contexts of breast cancer. We integrate these clinical data with rapidly evolving mechanistic insights into breast cancer dormancy derived from a broad array of genetically engineered mouse models as well as experimental models of metastasis. Finally, we propose actionable interventions and discuss ongoing clinical trials that translate the wealth of knowledge gained in the laboratory to the long-term clinical management of patients at a high risk of developing recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Dalla
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of Otolaryngology, Department of Oncological Sciences, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Amulya Sreekumar
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Julio A Aguirre-Ghiso
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Oncology, Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Montefiore Einstein Cancer Center, Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Lewis A Chodosh
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, and 2-PREVENT Translational Center of Excellence, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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13
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Zhu S, Zhang M, Liu X, Luo Q, Zhou J, Song M, Feng J, Liu J. Single-cell transcriptomics provide insight into metastasis-related subsets of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:126. [PMID: 37858183 PMCID: PMC10588105 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01728-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer metastasis is a complex, multi-step process, with high cellular heterogeneity between primary and metastatic breast cancer, and more complex interactions between metastatic cancer cells and other cells in the tumor microenvironment. High-resolution single-cell transcriptome sequencing technology can visualize the heterogeneity of malignant and non-malignant cells in the tumor microenvironment in real time, especially combined with spatial transcriptome analysis, which can directly compare changes between different stages of metastatic samples. Therefore, this study takes single-cell analysis as the first perspective to deeply explore special or rare cell subpopulations related to breast cancer metastasis, systematically summarizes their functions, molecular features, and corresponding treatment strategies, which will contribute to accurately identify, understand, and target tumor metastasis-related driving events, provide a research basis for the mechanistic study of breast cancer metastasis, and provide new clues for its personalized precision treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikun Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases, Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases, Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuexue Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases, Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases, Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiahong Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases, Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Miao Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases, Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases, Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases, Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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14
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Liu R, Su S, Xing J, Liu K, Zhao Y, Stangis M, Jacho DP, Yildirim-Ayan ED, Gatto-Weis CM, Chen B, Li X. Tumor removal limits prostate cancer cell dissemination in bone and osteoblasts induce cancer cell dormancy through focal adhesion kinase. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:264. [PMID: 37821954 PMCID: PMC10566127 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02849-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) can enter a dormant state and cause no symptoms in cancer patients. On the other hand, the dormant DTCs can reactivate and cause metastases progression and lethal relapses. In prostate cancer (PCa), relapse can happen after curative treatments such as primary tumor removal. The impact of surgical removal on PCa dissemination and dormancy remains elusive. Furthermore, as dormant DTCs are asymptomatic, dormancy-induction can be an operational cure for preventing metastases and relapse of PCa patients. METHODS We used a PCa subcutaneous xenograft model and species-specific PCR to survey the DTCs in various organs at different time points of tumor growth and in response to tumor removal. We developed in vitro 2D and 3D co-culture models to recapitulate the dormant DTCs in the bone microenvironment. Proliferation assays, fluorescent cell cycle reporter, qRT-PCR, and Western Blot were used to characterize the dormancy phenotype. We performed RNA sequencing to determine the dormancy signature of PCa. A drug repurposing algorithm was applied to predict dormancy-inducing drugs and a top candidate was validated for the efficacy and the mechanism of dormancy induction. RESULTS We found DTCs in almost all mouse organs examined, including bones, at week 2 post-tumor cell injections. Surgical removal of the primary tumor reduced the overall DTC abundance, but the DTCs were enriched only in the bones. We found that osteoblasts, but not other cells of the bones, induced PCa cell dormancy. RNA-Seq revealed the suppression of mitochondrial-related biological processes in osteoblast-induced dormant PCa cells. Importantly, the mitochondrial-related biological processes were found up-regulated in both circulating tumor cells and bone metastases from PCa patients' data. We predicted and validated the dormancy-mimicking effect of PF-562,271 (PF-271), an inhibitor of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in vitro. Decreased FAK phosphorylation and increased nuclear translocation were found in both co-cultured and PF-271-treated C4-2B cells, suggesting that FAK plays a key role in osteoblast-induced PCa dormancy. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides the first insights into how primary tumor removal enriches PCa cell dissemination in the bones, defines a unique osteoblast-induced PCa dormancy signature, and identifies FAK as a PCa cell dormancy gatekeeper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Liu
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, the University of Toledo, 3000 Transverse Drive, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Shang Su
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, the University of Toledo, 3000 Transverse Drive, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Jing Xing
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Yawei Zhao
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, the University of Toledo, 3000 Transverse Drive, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Mary Stangis
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, the University of Toledo, 3000 Transverse Drive, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Diego P Jacho
- Bioengineering Department, the University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | | | - Cara M Gatto-Weis
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, the University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, the University of Toledo, 3000 Transverse Drive, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
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15
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Dettwiler D, Chiru ED, Daetwyler E, Dougoud-Chauvin V, Gross MW, Kurzeder C, Zippelius A, Schötzau A, Vetter M. Clinical and pathological factors and outcome of central nervous system metastasis in breast cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1247402. [PMID: 37795444 PMCID: PMC10546422 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1247402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In Switzerland, approximately 6000 new breast cancer cases and 1300 deaths are reported annually. Brain metastasis from breast cancer (BMBC) has a major effect on prognosis. This study aimed to identify prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) in a cohort of Swiss patients with BMBC. This study evaluated the prognosis on older BMBC, which has not been completely addressed in the literature. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review analysis with the primary endpoint of OS after a diagnosis of BMBC. The study population was divided into 2 groups based on an OS cut-off value of 12 months after diagnosis. Univariate and multivariate analyses of several risk factors, including age, were performed. To evaluate differences in OS according to age, we performed a secondary analysis to examine the prognostic value of clinical symptoms, metastatic pattern, and lymph node involvement in an older (≥65 years) vs. younger (<65 years) cohort. Results From 1989 to 2019, 55 patients were identified as having BMBC, among whom 47 patients were confirmed to be dead. The median patient age was 58 years (range 25-83 years). Comorbidities were present in 45 (81.8%) patients. The median survival in the OS <12 and OS ≥12 months groups was 4.3 and 30.7 months, respectively (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed no significant differences in terms of comorbidities, medication use, M-stage, and symptomatology between the 2 groups. Additionally, there was no significant difference in OS in the 2 subgroups of patients aged <65 and ≥65 years. Discussion We concluded that age should not be a decisive factor in therapy planning for advanced breast cancer patients with BMBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Dettwiler
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elena-Diana Chiru
- Cancer Center, Medical University Clinics, Kantonsspital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Eveline Daetwyler
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Markus W. Gross
- Department of Radiooncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Alfred Zippelius
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Schötzau
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Vetter
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Cancer Center, Medical University Clinics, Kantonsspital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
- Breast Center, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Cancer Center Baselland, Medical University Clinic Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
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16
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Ganesan R, Bhasin SS, Bakhtiary M, Krishnan U, Cheemarla NR, Thomas BE, Bhasin MK, Sukhatme VP. Taxane chemotherapy induces stromal injury that leads to breast cancer dormancy escape. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002275. [PMID: 37699010 PMCID: PMC10497165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A major cause of cancer recurrence following chemotherapy is cancer dormancy escape. Taxane-based chemotherapy is standard of care in breast cancer treatment aimed at killing proliferating cancer cells. Here, we demonstrate that docetaxel injures stromal cells, which release protumor cytokines, IL-6 and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), that in turn invoke dormant cancer outgrowth both in vitro and in vivo. Single-cell transcriptomics shows a reprogramming of awakened cancer cells including several survival cues such as stemness, chemoresistance in a tumor stromal organoid (TSO) model, as well as an altered tumor microenvironment (TME) with augmented protumor immune signaling in a syngeneic mouse breast cancer model. IL-6 plays a role in cancer cell proliferation, whereas G-CSF mediates tumor immunosuppression. Pathways and differential expression analyses confirmed MEK as the key regulatory molecule in cancer cell outgrowth and survival. Antibody targeting of protumor cytokines (IL-6, G-CSF) or inhibition of cytokine signaling via MEK/ERK pathway using selumetinib prior to docetaxel treatment prevented cancer dormancy outgrowth suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent cancer recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Ganesan
- Department of Medicine—Renal Division, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Swati S. Bhasin
- Department of Pediatrics—Hematology Division, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mojtaba Bakhtiary
- Department of Pediatrics—Hematology Division, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Upaasana Krishnan
- Department of Pediatrics—Hematology Division, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Nagarjuna R. Cheemarla
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Beena E. Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics—Hematology Division, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Manoj K. Bhasin
- Department of Pediatrics—Hematology Division, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Vikas P. Sukhatme
- Department of Medicine—Renal Division, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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17
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Lin X, Dong Y, Gu Y, Kapoor A, Peng J, Su Y, Wei F, Wang Y, Yang C, Gill A, Neira SV, Tang D. Taxifolin Inhibits Breast Cancer Growth by Facilitating CD8+ T Cell Infiltration and Inducing a Novel Set of Genes including Potential Tumor Suppressor Genes in 1q21.3. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3203. [PMID: 37370814 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Taxifolin inhibits breast cancer (BC) via novel mechanisms. In a syngeneic mouse BC model, taxifolin suppressed 4T-1 cell-derived allografts. RNA-seq of 4T-1 tumors identified 36 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) upregulated by taxifolin. Among their human homologues, 19, 7, and 2 genes were downregulated in BCs, high-proliferative BCs, and BCs with high-fatality risks, respectively. Three genes were established as tumor suppressors and eight were novel to BC, including HNRN, KPRP, CRCT1, and FLG2. These four genes exhibit tumor suppressive actions and reside in 1q21.3, a locus amplified in 70% recurrent BCs, revealing a unique vulnerability of primary and recurrent BCs with 1q21.3 amplification with respect to taxifolin. Furthermore, the 36 DEGs formed a multiple gene panel (DEG36) that effectively stratified the fatality risk in luminal, HER2+, and triple-negative (TN) equivalent BCs in two large cohorts: the METABRIC and TCGA datasets. 4T-1 cells model human TNBC cells. The DEG36 most robustly predicted the poor prognosis of TNBCs and associated it with the infiltration of CD8+ T, NK, macrophages, and Th2 cells. Of note, taxifolin increased the CD8+ T cell content in 4T-1 tumors. The DEG36 is a novel and effective prognostic biomarker of BCs, particularly TNBCs, and can be used to assess the BC-associated immunosuppressive microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozeng Lin
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Ying Dong
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Anil Kapoor
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Jingyi Peng
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Yingying Su
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Fengxiang Wei
- The Genetics Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen 518174, China
| | - Yanjun Wang
- Jilin Jianwei Songkou Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Changchun 510664, China
| | - Chengzhi Yang
- Benda International INC., Ottawa, ON K1X 0C1, Canada
| | - Armaan Gill
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Sandra Vega Neira
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Damu Tang
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
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18
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Loric S, Denis JA, Desbene C, Sabbah M, Conti M. Extracellular Vesicles in Breast Cancer: From Biology and Function to Clinical Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7208. [PMID: 37108371 PMCID: PMC10139222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the first worldwide most frequent cancer in both sexes and the most commonly diagnosed in females. Although BC mortality has been thoroughly declining over the past decades, there are still considerable differences between women diagnosed with early BC and when metastatic BC is diagnosed. BC treatment choice is widely dependent on precise histological and molecular characterization. However, recurrence or distant metastasis still occurs even with the most recent efficient therapies. Thus, a better understanding of the different factors underlying tumor escape is mainly mandatory. Among the leading candidates is the continuous interplay between tumor cells and their microenvironment, where extracellular vesicles play a significant role. Among extracellular vesicles, smaller ones, also called exosomes, can carry biomolecules, such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, and generate signal transmission through an intercellular transfer of their content. This mechanism allows tumor cells to recruit and modify the adjacent and systemic microenvironment to support further invasion and dissemination. By reciprocity, stromal cells can also use exosomes to profoundly modify tumor cell behavior. This review intends to cover the most recent literature on the role of extracellular vesicle production in normal and cancerous breast tissues. Specific attention is paid to the use of extracellular vesicles for early BC diagnosis, follow-up, and prognosis because exosomes are actually under the spotlight of researchers as a high-potential source of liquid biopsies. Extracellular vesicles in BC treatment as new targets for therapy or efficient nanovectors to drive drug delivery are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Loric
- INSERM U538, CRSA, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, 75012 Paris, France; (J.A.D.)
| | | | - Cédric Desbene
- INSERM U538, CRSA, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, 75012 Paris, France; (J.A.D.)
| | - Michèle Sabbah
- INSERM U538, CRSA, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, 75012 Paris, France; (J.A.D.)
| | - Marc Conti
- INSERM U538, CRSA, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, 75012 Paris, France; (J.A.D.)
- INTEGRACELL SAS, 91160 Longjumeau, France
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19
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Leone JP, Freedman RA, Leone J, Tolaney SM, Vallejo CT, Leone BA, Winer EP, Lin NU, Hassett MJ. Survival in male breast cancer over the past 3 decades. J Natl Cancer Inst 2023; 115:421-428. [PMID: 36583555 PMCID: PMC10086618 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djac241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer mortality in women has declined statistically significantly over the past several years. In men, it is unclear whether survival has changed over time. We evaluated changes in breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) and overall survival (OS) in male breast cancer over the past 3 decades. METHODS We evaluated men diagnosed with breast cancer between 1988 and 2017, reported in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry. Patients were categorized into 3 groups by year of diagnosis: 1988-1997, 1998-2007, and 2008-2017. BCSS and OS were estimated by Kaplan-Meier, and differences between groups were compared by log-rank test. Multivariable Cox regression evaluated the independent association of year of diagnosis with BCSS and OS. All tests were 2-sided. RESULTS We included 8481 men. Overall, BCSS at 5 years was 83.69%, 83.78%, and 84.41% in groups 1988-1997, 1998-2007, and 2008-2017, respectively (P = .86). There was no statistically significant difference in BCSS between the 3 groups within each stage of disease. Among all patients, OS at 5 years was 64.61%, 67.31%, and 69.05% in groups 1988-1997, 1998-2007, and 2008-2017, respectively (P = .01). In adjusted Cox models, each additional year of diagnosis had no statistically significant association with BCSS (hazard ratio = 1.00, 95% confidence interval = 0.99 to 1.01, P = .75), but there was statistically significant improvement in OS (hazard ratio = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.98 to 0.99, P = .009). CONCLUSIONS Over the past 3 decades, there has been no statistically significant improvement in BCSS in male breast cancer. Changes in OS over time are consistent with increasing life expectancy. Efforts to improve BCSS in male breast cancer are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- José P Leone
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel A Freedman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julieta Leone
- Grupo Oncológico Cooperativo del Sur (GOCS), Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Sara M Tolaney
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Eric P Winer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nancy U Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael J Hassett
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Mukherjee A, Bravo-Cordero JJ. Regulation of dormancy during tumor dissemination: the role of the ECM. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:99-112. [PMID: 36802311 PMCID: PMC10027413 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The study of the metastatic cascade has revealed the complexity of the process and the multiple cellular states that disseminated cancer cells must go through. The tumor microenvironment and in particular the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in regulating the transition from invasion, dormancy to ultimately proliferation during the metastatic cascade. The time delay from primary tumor detection to metastatic growth is regulated by a molecular program that maintains disseminated tumor cells in a non-proliferative, quiescence state known as tumor cell dormancy. Identifying dormant cells and their niches in vivo and how they transition to the proliferative state is an active area of investigation, and novel approaches have been developed to track dormant cells during dissemination. In this review, we highlight the latest research on the invasive nature of disseminated tumor cells and their link to dormancy programs. We also discuss the role of the ECM in sustaining dormant niches at distant sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Mukherjee
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jose Javier Bravo-Cordero
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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21
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Truskowski K, Amend SR, Pienta KJ. Dormant cancer cells: programmed quiescence, senescence, or both? Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:37-47. [PMID: 36598661 PMCID: PMC10014758 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10073-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the overwhelming driver of cancer mortality, accounting for the majority of cancer deaths. Many patients present with metastatic relapse years after eradication of the primary lesion. Disseminated cancer cells can undergo a durable proliferative arrest and lie dormant in secondary tissues before reentering the cell cycle to seed these lethal relapses. This process of cancer cell dormancy remains poorly understood, largely due to difficulties in studying these dormant cells. In the face of these challenges, the application of knowledge from the cellular senescence and quiescence fields may help to guide future thinking on the study of dormant cancer cells. Both senescence and quiescence are common programs of proliferative arrest that are integral to tissue development and homeostasis. Despite phenotypic differences, these two states also share common characteristics, and both likely play a role in cancer dormancy and delayed metastatic relapse. Understanding the cell biology behind these states, their overlaps and unique characteristics is critical to our future understanding of dormant cancer cells, as these cells likely employ some of the same molecular programs to promote survival and dissemination. In this review, we highlight the biology underlying these non-proliferative states, relate this knowledge to what we currently know about dormant cancer cells, and discuss implications for future work toward targeting these elusive metastatic seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Truskowski
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Training Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1830 E. Monument St. Suite 20103, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Cancer Ecology Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Sarah R Amend
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Training Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1830 E. Monument St. Suite 20103, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Cancer Ecology Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth J Pienta
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Training Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1830 E. Monument St. Suite 20103, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Cancer Ecology Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, USA
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22
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Abstract
The genomics and pathways governing metastatic dormancy are critically important drivers of long-term patient survival given the considerable portion of cancers that recur aggressively months to years after initial treatments. Our understanding of dormancy has expanded greatly in the last two decades, with studies elucidating that the dormant state is regulated by multiple genes, microenvironmental (ME) interactions, and immune components. These forces are exerted through mechanisms that are intrinsic to the tumor cell, manifested through cross-talk between tumor and ME cells including those from the immune system, and regulated by angiogenic processes in the nascent micrometastatic niche. The development of new in vivo and 3D ME models, as well as enhancements to decades-old tumor cell pedigree models that span the development of metastatic dormancy to aggressive growth, has helped fuel what arguably is one of the least understood areas of cancer biology that nonetheless contributes immensely to patient mortality. The current review focuses on the genes and molecular pathways that regulate dormancy via tumor-intrinsic and ME cells, and how groups have envisioned harnessing these therapeutically to benefit patient survival.
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23
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TOR1B: a predictor of bone metastasis in breast cancer patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1495. [PMID: 36707670 PMCID: PMC9883392 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28140-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent therapeutic advances in breast cancer (BC) have improved survival outcomes; however, the prognosis for patients with bone metastasis (BM) remains poor. Hence, novel clinical biomarkers are needed to accurately predict BC BM as well as to promote personalized medicine. Here, we discovered a novel biomarker, TOR1B, for BM in BC patients via analysis of BC gene expression data and clinical information downloaded from open public databases. In cancer cells, we found high expression levels of TOR1B in the nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum. Regarding gene expression, the level of TOR1B was significantly upregulated in BC patients with BM (p < 0.05), and the result was externally validated. In addition, gene expression clearly demonstrated two distinct types of prognoses in ER- and PR-positive patients. In multivariate regression, the gene could be an independent predictor of BM in BC patients, i.e., a low expression level of TOR1B was associated with delayed metastasis to bone in BC patients (HR, 0.28; 95% CI 0.094-0.84). Conclusively, TOR1B might be a useful biomarker for predicting BM; specifically, patients with ER- and PR-positive subtypes would benefit from the clinical use of this promising prognostic biomarker.
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24
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Elkholi IE, Lalonde A, Park M, Côté JF. Breast Cancer Metastatic Dormancy and Relapse: An Enigma of Microenvironment(s). Cancer Res 2022; 82:4497-4510. [PMID: 36214624 PMCID: PMC9755970 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-1902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Multiple factors act in concert to define the fate of disseminated tumor cells (DTC) to enter dormancy or develop overt metastases. Here, we review these factors in the context of three stages of the metastatic cascade that impact DTCs. First, cells can be programmed within the primary tumor microenvironment to promote or inhibit dissemination, and the primary tumor can condition a premetastatic niche. Then, cancer cells from the primary tumor spread through hematogenous and lymphatic routes, and the primary tumor sends cues systematically to regulate the fate of DTCs. Finally, DTCs home to their metastatic site, where they are influenced by various organ-specific aspects of the new microenvironment. We discuss these factors in the context of breast cancer, where about one-third of patients develop metastatic relapse. Finally, we discuss how the standard-of-care options for breast cancer might affect the fate of DTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam E. Elkholi
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Molecular Biology Programs, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Corresponding Authors: Jean-François Côté, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Avenue des Pins Ouest, Montréal H2W 1R7, Québec, Canada. Phone: 514-987-5647; E-mail: ; and Islam E. Elkholi, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Avenue des Pins Ouest, Montréal (QC) Canada, H2W 1R7. Phone: 514-987-5656; E-mail:
| | - Andréane Lalonde
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Molecular Biology Programs, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Morag Park
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-François Côté
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Molecular Biology Programs, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Corresponding Authors: Jean-François Côté, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Avenue des Pins Ouest, Montréal H2W 1R7, Québec, Canada. Phone: 514-987-5647; E-mail: ; and Islam E. Elkholi, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Avenue des Pins Ouest, Montréal (QC) Canada, H2W 1R7. Phone: 514-987-5656; E-mail:
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25
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Nulali J, Zhan M, Zhang K, Tu P, Liu Y, Song H. Osteoglycin: An ECM Factor Regulating Fibrosis and Tumorigenesis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1674. [PMID: 36421687 PMCID: PMC9687868 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is made up of noncellular components that have special properties for influencing cell behavior and tissue structure. Small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) are nonfibrillar ECM components that serve as structural scaffolds and signaling molecules. osteoglycin (OGN), a class III SLRP, is a ubiquitous ECM component that not only helps to organize the extracellular matrix but also regulates a number of important biological processes. As a glycosylated protein in the ECM, OGN was originally considered to be involved in fiber assembly and was reported to have a connection with fibrosis. In addition to these functions, OGN is found in a variety of cancer tissues and is implicated in cellular processes linked to tumorigenesis, including cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this review, we summarize the structure and functions of OGN as well as its biological and clinical importance in the context of fibrotic illness and tumorigenesis. This review aims to improve our understanding of OGN and provide some new strategies for the treatment of fibrosis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayida Nulali
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ming Zhan
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Kaiwen Zhang
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Pinghui Tu
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Respiration, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200070, China
| | - Huaidong Song
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
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26
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Pauk M, Saito H, Hesse E, Taipaleenmäki H. Muscle and Bone Defects in Metastatic Disease. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2022; 20:273-289. [PMID: 35994202 PMCID: PMC9522697 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00741-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The present review addresses most recently identified mechanisms implicated in metastasis-induced bone resorption and muscle-wasting syndrome, known as cachexia. RECENT FINDINGS Metastatic disease in bone and soft tissues is often associated with skeletal muscle defects. Recent studies have identified a number of secreted molecules and extracellular vesicles that contribute to cancer cell growth and metastasis leading to bone destruction and muscle atrophy. In addition, alterations in muscle microenvironment including dysfunctions in hepatic and mitochondrial metabolism have been implicated in cancer-induced regeneration defect and muscle loss. Moreover, we review novel in vitro and animal models including promising new drug candidates for bone metastases and cancer cachexia. Preservation of bone health could be highly beneficial for maintaining muscle mass and function. Therefore, a better understanding of molecular pathways implicated in bone and muscle crosstalk in metastatic disease may provide new insights and identify new strategies to improve current anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Pauk
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Musculoskeletal University Center Munich, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hiroaki Saito
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Musculoskeletal University Center Munich, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eric Hesse
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Musculoskeletal University Center Munich, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hanna Taipaleenmäki
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Musculoskeletal University Center Munich, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
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