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Erickson JA, O'Brien BC, Nouri S. How Primary Care Clinicians Process Patient Death: Logistics, Emotions, and Opportunities for Structural Support. J Gen Intern Med 2024; 39:2277-2283. [PMID: 38459411 PMCID: PMC11347538 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-024-08702-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Navigating the logistics and emotional processing of a patient's death is an inevitable part of many physicians' roles. While research has primarily examined how inpatient clinicians cope with patient loss, little work has explored how primary care clinicians (PCCs) handle patient death in the outpatient setting, and what support resources could help PCCs process loss. OBJECTIVE To explore PCCs' experiences with the logistics and emotional processing of patient deaths and suggestions for supportive resources. DESIGN Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews conducted between March and May 2023. PARTICIPANTS Recruitment emails were sent to 136 PCCs (physicians and nurse practitioners) at three San Francisco academic primary care clinics. Twelve clinicians participated in the study. APPROACH This study used a template analysis approach. Interview transcripts were analyzed in an iterative fashion to identify themes for how PCCs navigate patient death. RESULTS Participants (n=12) described outpatient death notification as inconsistent, delayed, and rife with uncertainty regarding subsequent actions. They felt various emotions, notably sadness and guilt, especially with deaths of young, vulnerable patients or those from preventable illnesses. Participants identified strategies for emotional processing and recommended improvements including clear procedural guidance, peer debriefings, and formal acknowledgements of deceased patients. CONCLUSIONS Interviewing PCCs about their experiences following a patient death revealed key themes in logistical and emotional processing, and clinic resource recommendations to better support PCCs. Given the distinct characteristics of primary care-such as enduring patient relationships, greater isolation in ambulatory settings compared to inpatient environments, and rising burnout rates-enhancing guidance and support for PCCs is crucial to mitigate administrative burdens and grief after patient loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bridget C O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Faculty Educators, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Nouri
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Yılmaz R, Çevik Kaya K. The Effect of Laughter Yoga Applied to Intensive Care Nurses on Their Perceived Stress, Job Motivation, and Mental Well-being: Randomized Controlled Study. CLIN NURSE SPEC 2024; 38:229-236. [PMID: 39159324 DOI: 10.1097/nur.0000000000000839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to examine the effect of laughter yoga applied to intensive care nurses on perceived stress, job motivation, and mental well-being. DESIGN This study was a randomized controlled trial. METHODS The study was conducted with nurses working at the university hospital's surgical intensive care and anesthesia intensive care units of the third-level intensive care unit in Turkey. Data obtained from 30 participants in the intervention group and 33 participants in the control group were analyzed. The Nurse Introduction Form, Nurse Job Motivation Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, and Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale were used to collect data. Data obtained from the study were evaluated using the SPSS 22.0 package. RESULTS It was determined that there was no statistically significant difference in the average scores of the pretest/posttest 1/posttest 2 of the Perceived Stress Scale (13.70 ± 3.33 to 14.57 ± 4.57, P > .05; 13.50 ± 3.15 to 13.48 ± 4.59, P > .05; and 13.56 ± 3.15 to 13.15 ± 3.49, P > .05, respectively) and Work Motivation Scale (59.70 ± 7.58 to 59.69 ± 7.98, P > .05; 60.30 ± 8.07 to 58.48 ± 8.94, P > .05; and 60.56 ± 7.86 to 57.93 ± 9.54, P > .05, respectively) for both the intervention and control groups of nurses. A statistically significant difference was found in the average scores of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale pretest/posttest 1/posttest 2 for the intervention group of nurses (50.90 ± 7.60, 51.50 ± 7.80, and 53.70 ± 7.08, respectively; F = 3.330, P = .043). However, the difference was found to be insignificant in pairwise comparisons in the further analysis (a = b = c). It was determined that there was no statistically significant difference in the average scores of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale pretest/posttest 1/posttest 2 for the control group of nurses (52.21 ± 9.89, 51.93 ± 10.45, and 51.03 ± 9.63, respectively; P > .05). CONCLUSIONS The application of laughter yoga on intensive care nurses did not result in a significant change in perceived stress levels and work motivation. However, statistically significant differences were observed in the average mental well-being scores among the intervention group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramazan Yılmaz
- Author Affiliations: Master Degree Graduate Student, Institute of Health Sciences (Yılmaz); and Associate Professor, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Turkey (Çevik Kaya)
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Cherry J, Black LW. "Talking About Funerals Won't Make You Dead": Dialogic Tensions in Death Café Design and Facilitation. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2024:302228241272716. [PMID: 39169506 DOI: 10.1177/00302228241272716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Death Cafes (DCs) explicitly encourage conversation and constitute space to explore the dialogue around death and dying. This study draws on scholarship from communication and dialogue theory to explore the design features and facilitation practices used within DC meetings. Through qualitative analysis of the DC webpage and interviews with facilitators, the study uncovers how DC facilitators structure and manage conversations to help attendees normalize death conversations and manage the death anxiety of others in their lives. The analysis highlights three main tensions within the DC structure and facilitation guidelines: structure versus openness, authority versus equality, and conversation versus information. These fundamental contradictions are inherent in DCs, and facilitators need to manage them in order to promote meaningful dialogue among DC participants. This study deepens the theorizing around DC facilitation practices and has implications for death and dying practitioners hoping to foster dialogue about end-of-life topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Cherry
- School of Communication Studies, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Laura W Black
- School of Communication Studies, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
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Ito Y, Oe R, Sakai S, Fujiwara Y, Kishimoto H. Intensive Care Unit Nurses' Professional Autonomy: A Scoping Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e57350. [PMID: 38694419 PMCID: PMC11062492 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Intensive care unit (ICU) nurses' professional autonomy is a critical factor affecting their ability to sustainably provide high-quality care to patients who are critically ill and to their families. However, in the absence of a systematic or scoping review of ICU nurses' professional autonomy, limited information and evidence are available on this topic. The aim of this scoping review was to clarify the extent and type of evidence on ICU nurses' professional autonomy. This scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews. The following research questions were addressed: (1) Which areas of interest and trends regarding ICU nurses' professional autonomy have been explored in studies published in scientific journals? And (2) What is known about ICU nurses' professional autonomy? The data sources included MEDLINE, CINAHL Ultimate, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and Ichushi-Web of the Japan Medical Abstracts Society databases. Identified studies were mapped based on their aim, design, methodology, and key findings and categorized according to their focus areas. Of the 734 identified studies, 16 were analyzed. The identified categories were as follows: "relationship between professional autonomy and mental issues," "experiences and processes of exercising professional autonomy," "relationship between professional autonomy and nurse-physician collaboration," "relationship between professional autonomy and demographic characteristics," "concept of professional autonomy," "barriers to professional autonomy," and "team approach to improve professional autonomy." Most studies have focused on the relationship between professional autonomy and mental health issues and nurse-physician collaboration and few included interventions to enable or promote the exercise of professional autonomy, highlighting a research gap. Future research should identify factors that inhibit the professional autonomy of ICU nurses and that can be changed through interventions and should develop educational and organizational change-based interventions to modify the factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyasu Ito
- College of Nursing Art and Science, University of Hyogo, Akashi, JPN
| | - Rie Oe
- College of Nursing Art and Science, University of Hyogo, Akashi, JPN
| | - Shota Sakai
- Department of Nursing, Hyogo Prefectural Harima-Himeji General Medical Center, Himeji, JPN
| | - Yayoi Fujiwara
- Department of Nursing, Hyogo Prefectural Harima-Himeji General Medical Center, Himeji, JPN
| | - Hiroshi Kishimoto
- Department of Nursing, Hyogo Prefectural Harima-Himeji General Medical Center, Himeji, JPN
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Wan H, Li H, Luan S, Zhang C. Risk factors of developing psychological problems among frontline healthcare professionals working in the COVID-19 pandemic era: a meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1991. [PMID: 37828476 PMCID: PMC10571421 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16820-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study sought to evaluate the risk factors behind developing psychological problems as per specific mental health assessment instruments. This study focuses specifically on frontline healthcare professionals of the COVID-19 pandemic era, and evaluated the psychological assessment of frontline healthcare professionals. METHODS Studies reporting on the psychological assessment of frontline healthcare professionals were retrieved from the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Ovid, EBSCO, and Cochrane Library databases. The recommended method was used to assess the risk of bias of the included studies. The random-effects method was applied when significant heterogeneity was observed. RESULTS The combined results from the 20 included articles indicated that frontline healthcare professionals had a higher risk of developing anxiety in comparison with non-frontline healthcare workers, with similar levels of depression scoring were observed. Healthcare providers aged > 40 years had a lower probability of developing anxiety and seemed to experience minimal depression. Conversely, frontline workers had a higher incidence of anxiety than that of depression. Being single (not in a relationship) could influence the PHQ-9 scores instead of those concerning the GAD-7. The gender gap was not proven to be significantly wide between healthcare professionals with or without anxiety; however, being male was proven to be positively correlated with depression. CONCLUSION In general, the risk factors for susceptibility to psychological problems among frontline healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic concerned those of a lower age, being single, being male, and being engage in frontline healthcare work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongquan Wan
- Department of Mental Health, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No.1 Xinmin Road, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Pain Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No.1 Xinmin Road, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shuxin Luan
- Department of Mental Health, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No.1 Xinmin Road, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Chunguo Zhang
- Department of Pain Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No.1 Xinmin Road, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Yazdan R, Corey K, Messer SJ, Kim EH, Roberts KE, Selwyn PA, Weinberger AH. Hospital-Based Interventions to Address Provider Grief: A Narrative Review. J Pain Symptom Manage 2023; 66:e85-e107. [PMID: 36898638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Provider grief, i.e., grief related to the death of patients, often forms an ongoing and profound stressor impacting healthcare providers' ability to maintain their sense of well-being, avoid feeling overwhelmed, and sustain quality and compassionate patient care over time. OBJECTIVES This narrative review presents findings on the types of interventions hospitals have offered to physicians and nurses to address provider grief. METHODS Searches of PubMed and PsycINFO were conducted for articles (e.g., research studies, program descriptions and evaluations) focused on hospital-based interventions to help physicians and nurses cope with their own grief. RESULTS Twenty-nine articles met inclusion criteria. The most common adult clinical areas were oncology (n = 6), intensive care (n = 6), and internal medicine (n = 3), while eight articles focused on pediatric settings. Nine articles featured education interventions, including instructional education programs and critical incident debriefing sessions. Twenty articles discussed psychosocial support interventions, including emotional processing debriefing sessions, creative arts interventions, support groups, and retreats. A majority of participants reported that interventions were helpful in facilitating reflection, grieving, closure, stress relief, team cohesion, and improved end-of-life care, yet mixed results were found related to interventions' effects on reducing provider grief to a statistically significant degree. CONCLUSION Providers largely reported benefits from grief-focused interventions, yet research was sparse and evaluation methodologies were heterogenous, making it difficult to generalize findings. Given the known impact provider grief can have on the individual and organizational levels, it is important to expand providers' access to grief-focused services and to increase evidence-based research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Yazdan
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University (R.Y., S.J.M., E.H.K., K.E.R., A.H.W.), Bronx, New York, USA; Department of Family & Social Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine (R.Y., K.C., P.A.S), Bronx, New York, USA.
| | - Kristen Corey
- Department of Family & Social Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine (R.Y., K.C., P.A.S), Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Sylvie J Messer
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University (R.Y., S.J.M., E.H.K., K.E.R., A.H.W.), Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Emily H Kim
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University (R.Y., S.J.M., E.H.K., K.E.R., A.H.W.), Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Kailey E Roberts
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University (R.Y., S.J.M., E.H.K., K.E.R., A.H.W.), Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Peter A Selwyn
- Department of Family & Social Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine (R.Y., K.C., P.A.S), Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Andrea H Weinberger
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University (R.Y., S.J.M., E.H.K., K.E.R., A.H.W.), Bronx, New York, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (A.H.W.), Bronx, New York, USA; Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (A.H.W.), Bronx, New York, USA
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Tamminga SJ, Emal LM, Boschman JS, Levasseur A, Thota A, Ruotsalainen JH, Schelvis RM, Nieuwenhuijsen K, van der Molen HF. Individual-level interventions for reducing occupational stress in healthcare workers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 5:CD002892. [PMID: 37169364 PMCID: PMC10175042 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd002892.pub6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare workers can suffer from work-related stress as a result of an imbalance of demands, skills and social support at work. This may lead to stress, burnout and psychosomatic problems, and deterioration of service provision. This is an update of a Cochrane Review that was last updated in 2015, which has been split into this review and a review on organisational-level interventions. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of stress-reduction interventions targeting individual healthcare workers compared to no intervention, wait list, placebo, no stress-reduction intervention or another type of stress-reduction intervention in reducing stress symptoms. SEARCH METHODS: We used the previous version of the review as one source of studies (search date: November 2013). We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science and a trials register from 2013 up to February 2022. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCT) evaluating the effectiveness of stress interventions directed at healthcare workers. We included only interventions targeted at individual healthcare workers aimed at reducing stress symptoms. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Review authors independently selected trials for inclusion, assessed risk of bias and extracted data. We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. We categorised interventions into ones that: 1. focus one's attention on the (modification of the) experience of stress (thoughts, feelings, behaviour); 2. focus one's attention away from the experience of stress by various means of psychological disengagement (e.g. relaxing, exercise); 3. alter work-related risk factors on an individual level; and ones that 4. combine two or more of the above. The crucial outcome measure was stress symptoms measured with various self-reported questionnaires such as the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), measured at short term (up to and including three months after the intervention ended), medium term (> 3 to 12 months after the intervention ended), and long term follow-up (> 12 months after the intervention ended). MAIN RESULTS: This is the second update of the original Cochrane Review published in 2006, Issue 4. This review update includes 89 new studies, bringing the total number of studies in the current review to 117 with a total of 11,119 participants randomised. The number of participants per study arm was ≥ 50 in 32 studies. The most important risk of bias was the lack of blinding of participants. Focus on the experience of stress versus no intervention/wait list/placebo/no stress-reduction intervention Fifty-two studies studied an intervention in which one's focus is on the experience of stress. Overall, such interventions may result in a reduction in stress symptoms in the short term (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.52 to -0.23; 41 RCTs; 3645 participants; low-certainty evidence) and medium term (SMD -0.43, 95% CI -0.71 to -0.14; 19 RCTs; 1851 participants; low-certainty evidence). The SMD of the short-term result translates back to 4.6 points fewer on the MBI-emotional exhaustion scale (MBI-EE, a scale from 0 to 54). The evidence is very uncertain (one RCT; 68 participants, very low-certainty evidence) about the long-term effect on stress symptoms of focusing one's attention on the experience of stress. Focus away from the experience of stress versus no intervention/wait list/placebo/no stress-reduction intervention Forty-two studies studied an intervention in which one's focus is away from the experience of stress. Overall, such interventions may result in a reduction in stress symptoms in the short term (SMD -0.55, 95 CI -0.70 to -0.40; 35 RCTs; 2366 participants; low-certainty evidence) and medium term (SMD -0.41 95% CI -0.79 to -0.03; 6 RCTs; 427 participants; low-certainty evidence). The SMD on the short term translates back to 6.8 fewer points on the MBI-EE. No studies reported the long-term effect. Focus on work-related, individual-level factors versus no intervention/no stress-reduction intervention Seven studies studied an intervention in which the focus is on altering work-related factors. The evidence is very uncertain about the short-term effects (no pooled effect estimate; three RCTs; 87 participants; very low-certainty evidence) and medium-term effects and long-term effects (no pooled effect estimate; two RCTs; 152 participants, and one RCT; 161 participants, very low-certainty evidence) of this type of stress management intervention. A combination of individual-level interventions versus no intervention/wait list/no stress-reduction intervention Seventeen studies studied a combination of interventions. In the short-term, this type of intervention may result in a reduction in stress symptoms (SMD -0.67 95%, CI -0.95 to -0.39; 15 RCTs; 1003 participants; low-certainty evidence). The SMD translates back to 8.2 fewer points on the MBI-EE. On the medium term, a combination of individual-level interventions may result in a reduction in stress symptoms, but the evidence does not exclude no effect (SMD -0.48, 95% CI -0.95 to 0.00; 6 RCTs; 574 participants; low-certainty evidence). The evidence is very uncertain about the long term effects of a combination of interventions on stress symptoms (one RCT, 88 participants; very low-certainty evidence). Focus on stress versus other intervention type Three studies compared focusing on stress versus focusing away from stress and one study a combination of interventions versus focusing on stress. The evidence is very uncertain about which type of intervention is better or if their effect is similar. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Our review shows that there may be an effect on stress reduction in healthcare workers from individual-level stress interventions, whether they focus one's attention on or away from the experience of stress. This effect may last up to a year after the end of the intervention. A combination of interventions may be beneficial as well, at least in the short term. Long-term effects of individual-level stress management interventions remain unknown. The same applies for interventions on (individual-level) work-related risk factors. The bias assessment of the studies in this review showed the need for methodologically better-designed and executed studies, as nearly all studies suffered from poor reporting of the randomisation procedures, lack of blinding of participants and lack of trial registration. Better-designed trials with larger sample sizes are required to increase the certainty of the evidence. Last, there is a need for more studies on interventions which focus on work-related risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sietske J Tamminga
- Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Societal Participation & Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lima M Emal
- Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Societal Participation & Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Julitta S Boschman
- Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Societal Participation & Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alice Levasseur
- Faculté des sciences de l'éducation, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Jani H Ruotsalainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Roosmarijn Mc Schelvis
- Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Societal Participation & Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Body@Work, Research Center on Work, Health and Technology, TNO/VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karen Nieuwenhuijsen
- Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Societal Participation & Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Henk F van der Molen
- Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Societal Participation & Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Cui Y, Yang T, Zhang M, Liu N, Liu Q, Zhang L, Zhang L, Yang H, Zhang Y. Influence of empathy on work alienation among Chinese nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: The mediating effect of ego depletion. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1057460. [PMID: 36818075 PMCID: PMC9932043 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1057460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nurses' work alienation has become increasingly serious due to the increase in workload and risk during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, no studies have investigated the link between empathy, ego depletion, and work alienation among Chinese nurses. The present study aimed to evaluate Chinese nurses' empathy, ego depletion, and work alienation and to examine whether nurses' ego depletion mediates the relationship between empathy and work alienation. Methods This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study involving 353 nurses from Shaanxi. The Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Health Professionals, Self-Regulating Fatigue Scale and Work Alienation Questionnaire were used to collect data through an online survey. Structural equation modeling was conducted to analyze the mediating model. Results Work alienation was negatively correlated with empathy (r = -0.305, p < 0.01) and positively correlated with ego depletion (r = 0.652, p < 0.01). Empathy was negatively correlated with ego depletion (r = -0.325, p < 0.01). Empathy can directly predict work alienation (β = -0.263, p < 0.01), while ego depletion has a mediating effect between empathy and work alienation (β = -0.309, p < 0.01), and the mediating effect accounts for 54.02% of the total effect. Conclusion Nurses' work alienation was at a moderate-to-high level. Improving empathy can reduce work alienation through less ego depletion. Nursing managers should discover nurses' work alienation as soon as possible. Interventions to improve empathy can help replenish nurses' psychological resources, thereby reducing ego depletion and work alienation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cui
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tianqi Yang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lanfang Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Haoshuang Yang
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yinling Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China,*Correspondence: Yinling Zhang, ✉
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Jouini A, Mokline A, Sabta H, Smadhi I, Cheikh MB, Dziri C. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of burnout syndrome in healthcare providers: prevalence and predictive factors. LA TUNISIE MEDICALE 2022; 100:470-476. [PMID: 36206066 PMCID: PMC9589243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Tunisia, the pandemic is still ongoing, resulting in the burnout of healthcare providers. AIMS This study aimed to assess the impact of the management of COVID-19 patients on the physical and mental health of healthcare providers, and to identify the independent and predictive variables for the three components of severe burnout: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and lack of personal accomplishment at work. METHODS It was a cross-sectional survey. Data were collected between February 8, and April 11, 2021. Healthcare providers, who were positive for COVID, completed the questionnaire. The primary endpoint was to assess the degree of burnout in healthcare providers by adopting the original version of the severe Maslach Burnout Inventory: emotional exhaustion (≥30), depersonalization (≥12), and lack of personal accomplishment at work (≤ 33). A descriptive analysis followed by a bi- and multivariate analysis was performed to identify independent and predictive factors for each component of burnout. RESULTS 700 healthcare providers were audited. Emotional exhaustion was ≥ 30 in 86%, depersonalization was ≥ 12 in 61%, and lack of personal accomplishment at work was ≤ 33 in 69%. Of the 700 healthcare providers, 93% were working at the same time in the COVID units, 85% had not received compensatory rest. Healthcare provider who had been infected by COVID-19 was the only independent predictive variable of severe emotional exhaustion and severe depersonalization. Healthcare provider who had been infected by COVID-19 and did not have a compensatory rest were two independent predictive variables of severe lack of personal accomplishment at work. CONCLUSION Healthcare provider who had been infected by COVID-19 was the only predictive variable of severe emotional exhaustion and severe depersonalization. Healthcare provider who had been infected by COVID-19 and did not have a compensatory rest were two independent and predictive variables of severe lack of personal accomplishment at work.
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Koike M, Aikawa L. Much More Than Just Women: Wonder Women. Arq Bras Cardiol 2022; 119:317-318. [PMID: 35946693 PMCID: PMC9363059 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20220443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Koike
- Universidade de São PauloFaculdade de MedicinaDepartamento de Clínica MédicaSão PauloSPBrasilLIM-51 - Laboratório de Investigação médica da Disciplina de Emergências Clínicas - Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP – Brasil
- Instituto de Assistência Médica do Servidor Público EstadualPós-Graduação em Ciências da SaúdeSão PauloSPBrasilPós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Assistência Médica do Servidor Público Estadual (IAMSPE), São Paulo, SP – Brasil
| | - Luciana Aikawa
- Instituto de Assistência Médica do Servidor Público EstadualPós-Graduação em Ciências da SaúdeSão PauloSPBrasilPós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Assistência Médica do Servidor Público Estadual (IAMSPE), São Paulo, SP – Brasil
- Hospital do Servidor Público MunicipalAmbulatório de AcupunturaSão PauloSPBrasilAmbulatório de Acupuntura, Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal (HSPM), São Paulo, SP – Brasil
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Mushtaq H, Singh S, Mir M, Tekin A, Singh R, Lundeen J, VanDevender K, Dutt T, Khan SA, Surani S, Kashyap R. The Well-Being of Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e25065. [PMID: 35719833 PMCID: PMC9201991 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has turned into a global healthcare challenge, causing significant morbidity and mortality.Healthcare workers (HCWs) who are on the frontline of the COVID-19 outbreak response face an increased risk of contracting the disease. Some common challenges encountered by HCWs include exposure to the pathogen, psychological distress, and long working hours. In addition, HCWs may be more prone to develop mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, suicidal thoughts, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), sleep disorders, and drug addictions compared to the general population. These issues arise from increased job stress, fear of spreading the disease to loved ones, and potential discrimination or stigma associated with the disease. This study aims to review the current literature to explore the effects of COVID-19 on healthcare providers' physical and mental well-being and suggest interventional strategies to combat these issues. To that end, we performed a literature search on Google Scholar and PubMed databases using combinations of the following keywords and synonyms: "SARS-CoV-2", "Healthcare-worker", "COVID-19", "Well-being", "Wellness", "Depression", "Anxiety", and "PTSD."
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Mushtaq
- Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Mankato, USA
| | | | - Mikael Mir
- Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Aysun Tekin
- Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - Romil Singh
- Critical Care Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - John Lundeen
- Psychiatry, TriStar Centennial Medical Center, TriStar Division, HCA Healthcare, Nashville, USA
| | - Karl VanDevender
- Internal Medicine, Frist Clinic, TriStar Centennial Medical Center, HCA Healthcare, Nashville, USA
| | - Taru Dutt
- Psychiatry, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Syed Anjum Khan
- Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Mankato, USA
| | - Salim Surani
- Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
- Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Rahul Kashyap
- Critical Care Medicine, TriStar Centennial Medical Center, TriStar Division, HCA Healthcare, Nashville, USA
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Withy K, Joo K, Potter C. Hawai'i Physician Workforce Assessment 2020. HAWAI'I JOURNAL OF HEALTH & SOCIAL WELFARE 2022; 81:4-10. [PMID: 35495071 PMCID: PMC9036453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Hawai'i Physician Workforce project, launched in 2010, investigates state physician workforce trends. Over the past decade, workforce demands have continued to climb as the state struggles to maintain the physician supply. This article describes the current state of the physician workforce, the physician age landscape, past trends, as well as initial changes to the physician supply with the COVID-19 pandemic. Data on practice location, full time equivalency of time spent providing patient care in Hawai'i, and specialty of non-military physicians were clarified and informed via survey, internet search, and direct calling methodologies. A proprietary microsimulation modeling methodology was used to assess physician demand. The current estimated physician shortage is between 710 and 1,008 full time equivalents, the largest shortage in a decade. The unmet demand for numbers of additional physicians is greatest on the largely urban island of O'ahu, however O'ahu's neighboring islands have the largest shortages by percentage of demand. In fact, Hawai'i island has over a 50% shortage of physicians for the first time since the supply has been calculated starting in 2010. Primary care has the greatest demand with a statewide shortage of 412 full time equivalents. The average age of physicians in Hawai'i is 54 compared to the national average of 52. The authors estimate that more than 52% of providers are utilizing telehealth and that 10% of providers have retired or closed their practices since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Hawai'i is now in an urgent state of need for recruitment and retention of physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley Withy
- Hawai‘i/Pacific Basin Area Health Education Center, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, HI (KW, KJ)
| | - Kathleen Joo
- Hawai‘i/Pacific Basin Area Health Education Center, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, HI (KW, KJ)
| | - Christian Potter
- University of Queensland Mayne Medical School, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (CP)
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13
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Matsuishi Y, Mathis BJ, Hoshino H, Enomoto Y, Shimojo N, Kawano S, Sakuramoto H, Inoue Y. PERSonality, Ehical, and PROfessional quality of life in Pediatric/Adult Intensive Nurses study: PERSEPRO PAIN study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0259721. [PMID: 35255088 PMCID: PMC8901072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization included burnout syndrome criteria that reduce both professional quality of life and work satisfaction in its 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases in 2019 while nursing bodies have issued action calls to prevent burnout syndrome. Despite this, the effect of social factors, personality traits and cross-interaction on professional quality of life is still unclear. AIM To reveal the association between ethical climate, personal trait and professional quality of life. METHOD An online survey of registered nurses working in adult, pediatric or both ICUs. We used the ten-item personality measure based on The Big Five theory and Type-D personality Scale-14 then measured the ethical climate with the Hospital Ethical Climate Survey and the professional domains of burnout syndrome, secondary traumatic stress and compassion satisfaction by the Professional Quality of Life Scale Version 5 simultaneously. Multivariate analysis confirmed the triangular association of hospital ethical climate, personality traits and professional quality of life. RESULT We enrolled 310 participants from September 2019 to February 2020. Mean age was 33.1 years (± 5.9) and about 70% were female. In the multivariate analysis, neuroticism (p = 0.03, p = 0.01) and Type D personality (both of p<0.01) were associated with burnout syndrome and secondary traumatic stress while agreeableness (p<0.01) was associated with secondary traumatic stress. Conversely, extraversion (p = 0.01), agreeableness (p<0.01) and openness (p<0.01) were associated with compassion satisfaction. We also observed interactions between hospital ethical climate and conscientiousness (p = 0.01) for burnout syndrome and secondary traumatic stress. Neuroticism was related to (p<0.01) BOS and compassion satisfaction while Type D personality (p<0.01) correlated with burnout syndrome and secondary traumatic stress. CONCLUSION Hospital ethical climate strongly affects professional quality of life in nurses with specific personality traits. Therefore, it is important to maintain an ethical hospital climate, considering individual personalities to prevent burnout syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Matsuishi
- Neuroscience Nursing, St. Luke’s International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bryan J. Mathis
- International Medical Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Hoshino
- Adult Health Nursing, Department of Nursing, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Yuki Enomoto
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Nobutake Shimojo
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoru Kawano
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideaki Sakuramoto
- Adult Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Ibaraki Christian University, Hitachi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Inoue
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Napoli G. Stress and depressive symptoms among Italian mental health nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic, a cross-sectional study. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2022; 36:41-47. [PMID: 35094824 PMCID: PMC8616576 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study used the cross-sectional web survey methodology to assess how the COVID-19 pandemic affected Italian psychiatric nurses in terms of stress levels and depressive symptoms. A total of 266 nurses belonging to the Italian Mental Health Departments were interviewed and they were subjected to two validated scales respectively PSS-10 (for the evaluation of stress) and PHQ-9 (for the evaluation of depressive symptoms). Statistical analysis showed moderate stress levels and a prevalence of sub-threshold (borderline) depressive symptoms among responding nurses. Logistic regression analysis reported that frontline nurses on COVID-19 positive patients are at greater risk of reporting higher levels of stress and major depressive symptoms, as are female nurses and juvenile nurses. age. Monitoring and managing the psychological well-being of nursing staff are to be considered among the priorities of mental health service managers and are part of a process that aims to increase individual and organizational well-being but above all to improve the outcomes resulting from assistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Napoli
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy.
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Koontalay A, Suksatan W, Prabsangob K, Sadang JM. Healthcare Workers' Burdens During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Systematic Review. J Multidiscip Healthc 2021; 14:3015-3025. [PMID: 34737573 PMCID: PMC8558429 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s330041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global healthcare system is continuing to confront major challenges during the current COVID-19 pandemic, with the second wave the deadliest one to date. This study aimed to identify and explore the challenges and burdens of frontline healthcare workers during the current pandemic, and to help prepare workforce support plans for them now and in the future. METHODS A qualitative systematic review method involving thematic synthesis without meta-analysis was used to analyze relevant studies from five databases from November 2020 to February 2021: MEDLINE via PubMed, CINAHL Complete, Embase through Ovid, Scopus, and Web of Science. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program Qualitative Research Checklist appraisal tools. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement. The informants are healthcare workers working at the frontlines and providing care to COVID-19 patients. RESULTS Ten studies revealed the burden of healthcare providers during the COVID-19 pandemic, with having the related challenges experienced by 498 participants (doctors, nurses, pediatric nurses, paramedical staff, support staff, and physiotherapists). Our findings fell into four main themes as follows: inadequate preparedness; emotional challenges; insufficient equipment and information; and work burnout. CONCLUSION The study results demonstrate that the COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on all aspects of life, especially for healthcare providers, who work on the frontlines. The pandemic has affected the frontline workers' physical and psychological health, causing them to experience emotional distress such as fear, anxiety, depression, and stress. In addition, the pandemic can increase posttraumatic stress disorder, leading to burnout and discontinuity of healthcare workloads to ensure the patients' safety and the high quality of care provided to the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wanich Suksatan
- Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
- Trudy Busch-Valentine School of Nursing, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kantapong Prabsangob
- College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Samut Songkram, Thailand
| | - Jonaid M Sadang
- College of Health Sciences, Mindanao State University, Marawi, Philippines
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Petrișor C, Breazu C, Doroftei M, Mărieș I, Popescu C. Association of Moral Distress with Anxiety, Depression, and an Intention to Leave among Nurses Working in Intensive Care Units during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1377. [PMID: 34683057 PMCID: PMC8544563 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9101377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wide geographical variations in depression and anxiety rates related to the ethical climate have been reported during the COVID-19 pandemic in intensive care units (ICUs). The objective was to investigate whether moral distress is associated and has predictive values for depression, anxiety, and intention to resign. METHODS 79 consenting ICU nurses completed MMD-HP and PHQ-4 scales in this cross-sectional study between October 2020-February 2021, after ethical approval. The association between MMD-HP and PHQ-4, and the predictive value of MMD-HP for anxiety, depression, and an intention to leave were analyzed (linear regression and receiver operating characteristics curve analysis). RESULTS From MMD-HP items, system related factors had highest scores (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.0001). MMD-HP and PHQ-4 were weakly correlated (r = 0.41 [0.21-0.58]). MMD-HP and its system-related factors discriminate between nurses with and without depression or anxiety, while system-related factors differentiate those intending to resign (p < 0.05). The MMD-HP score had 50 [37.54-62.46] sensitivity with 80.95 [60-92.33] specificity to predict the intention to leave, and 76.12 [64.67-84.73] sensitivity with 58.33 [31.95-80.67] specificity to detect anxiety or depression symptoms. CONCLUSIONS During the COVID-19 pandemic, system-associated factors seem to be the most important root factors inducing moral distress. Moral distress is associated with negative psychological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Petrișor
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care II Department, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care 1 Department, The Clinical Emergency County Hospital Cluj-Napoca, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Caius Breazu
- “Prof. Dr. Octavian Fodor” Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care I Department, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mădălina Doroftei
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care 1 Department, The Clinical Emergency County Hospital Cluj-Napoca, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ioana Mărieș
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care II Department, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care 1 Department, The Clinical Emergency County Hospital Cluj-Napoca, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Codruța Popescu
- Department of Practical Abilities, Human Science, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Chang
- Michelle Chang, BA, is with the Center for Crisis Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, and the US-Norway Fulbright Foundation for Educational Exchange, Oslo, Norway
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Han S, Choi S, Cho SH, Lee J, Yun JY. Associations between the working experiences at frontline of COVID-19 pandemic and mental health of Korean public health doctors. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:298. [PMID: 34107890 PMCID: PMC8188159 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03291-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Demographic, work environmental, and psychosocial features are associated with mental health of healthcare professionals at pandemic frontline. The current study aimed to find predictors of mental health for public health doctors from working experiences at frontline of COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS With first-come and first-served manner, 350 public health doctors with experiences of work at COVID-19 frontline participated online survey on August 2020. Mental health was defined using the total scores of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Stanford Presenteeism Scale-6. Multivariate logistic regression models of mental health with lowest Akaike Information Criterion were determined among all combinations of working environments, perceived threats and satisfaction at frontline, and demographics that were significant (P < 0.05) in the univariate logistic regression. RESULTS Perceived distress, lowered self-efficacy at work, anxiety, and depressive mood were reported by 45.7, 34.6, 11.4, and 15.1% of respondents, respectively. Predictors of poor mental health found in the multivariate logistic regression analyses were environmental (insufficient personal protective equipment, workplace of screening center, prolonged workhours) and psychosocial (fear of infection and death, social stigma and rejection) aspects of working experiences at frontline. Satisfaction of monetary compensation and proactive coping (acceptance and willingness to volunteer at frontline) were predictive of better mental health. CONCLUSIONS Sufficient supply of personal protective equipment and training on infection prevention at frontline, proper workhours and satisfactory monetary compensation, and psychological supports are required for better mental health of public health doctors at frontline of COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangyoon Han
- grid.453552.0Eastern Seoul Detention Center, Ministry of Justice, Gwacheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejin Choi
- grid.453552.0Seoul Detention Center, Ministry of Justice, Gwacheon-si, Republic of Korea ,grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XSeoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Joonhyuk Lee
- Hajang Public Health Center, Samcheok, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Yeon Yun
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Yeongeon Student Support Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Blake H, Gupta A, Javed M, Wood B, Knowles S, Coyne E, Cooper J. COVID-Well Study: Qualitative Evaluation of Supported Wellbeing Centres and Psychological First Aid for Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3626. [PMID: 33807306 PMCID: PMC8036934 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Supported wellbeing centres were set up in UK hospital trusts as an early intervention aimed at mitigating the psychological impact of COVID-19 on healthcare workers. These provided high quality rest spaces with peer-to-peer psychological support provided by National Health Service (NHS) staff volunteers called 'wellbeing buddies', trained in psychological first aid. The aim of the study was to explore the views of centre visitors and operational staff towards this COVID-19 workforce wellbeing provision. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were undertaken with twenty-four (20F, 4M) employees from an acute hospital trust in the UK. Interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed, data were handled and analysed using thematic analysis. Interviews generated 3 over-arching themes, and 13 sub-themes covering 'exposure and job roles', 'emotional impacts of COVID-19 and 'the wellbeing centres'. Supported wellbeing centres were viewed as critical for the wellbeing of hospital employees during the first surge of COVID-19 in the UK. Wellbeing initiatives require managerial advocacy and must be inclusive. Job-related barriers to work breaks and accessing staff wellbeing provisions should be addressed. High quality rest spaces and access to peer-to-peer support are seen to benefit individuals, teams, organisations and care quality. Training NHS staff in psychological first aid is a useful approach to supporting the wellbeing of the NHS workforce during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Blake
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2HA, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Alisha Gupta
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (A.G.); (M.J.)
| | - Mahnoor Javed
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (A.G.); (M.J.)
| | - Ben Wood
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (B.W.); (S.K.); (E.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Steph Knowles
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (B.W.); (S.K.); (E.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Emma Coyne
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (B.W.); (S.K.); (E.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Joanne Cooper
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (B.W.); (S.K.); (E.C.); (J.C.)
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