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Kamran M, Raza A, Naseem MN, Turni C, Tabor AE, James P. Quantitative proteomics reveals significant variation in host responses of cattle with differing buffalo fly susceptibility. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1402123. [PMID: 39086482 PMCID: PMC11289981 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1402123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Control of buffalo flies (Haematobia irritans exigua, BFs) relies mainly on chemical methods; however, resistance to insecticides is widespread in BF populations. Breeding for resistance to BFs represents a possible alternative, but direct phenotyping of animals is laborious and often inaccurate. The availability of reliable diagnostic biomarker(s) to identify low BF carrier cattle would facilitate rapid and accurate selection for genetic improvement. However, limited information is available regarding differences amongst cattle in host responses to BF infestation. Methods This study investigated the variation in Brangus cattle serum proteomic profiles before (naïve) and after peak BF exposure, in low (LF) and high BF burden (HF) cattle. Cattle were phenotyped for susceptibility based on BF counts on multiple dates using visual and photographic techniques. The relative abundance of serum proteins in cattle before and after exposure to BFs was analysed using sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS). Results Exposure to BFs elicited similar responses in HF and LF cattle, with 79 and 70 proteins, respectively, showing significantly different abundances post exposure as compared to their relevant naïve groups. The comparison of serum samples from naïve HF and LF cattle identified 44 significantly differentially abundant (DA) proteins, while 37 significantly DA proteins were identified from the comparison between HF and LF cattle post-exposure to BFs. Proteins with higher abundance in naïve LF cattle were enriched in blood coagulation mechanisms that were sustained after exposure to BFs. Strong immune response mechanisms were also identified in naïve LF cattle, whereas these responses developed in HF cattle only after exposure to BF. High BF cattle also showed active anticoagulation mechanisms in response to BF exposure, including downregulation of coagulation factor IX and upregulation of antithrombin-III, which might facilitate BF feeding. Conclusion Underlying differences in the abundance of proteins related to blood coagulation and immune response pathways could potentially provide indirect indicators of susceptibility to BF infestation and biomarkers for selecting more BF-resistant cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kamran
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Ali Raza
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Muhammad N. Naseem
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Veterinary Science, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - Conny Turni
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Ala E. Tabor
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter James
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Blanken SL, Prudhomme O'Meara W, Hol FJH, Bousema T, Markwalter CF. À la carte: how mosquitoes choose their blood meals. Trends Parasitol 2024; 40:591-603. [PMID: 38853076 PMCID: PMC11223952 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Mosquitoes are important vectors for human diseases, transmitting pathogens that cause a range of parasitic and viral infections. Mosquito blood-feeding is heterogeneous, meaning that some human hosts are at higher risk of receiving bites than others, and this heterogeneity is multifactorial. Mosquitoes integrate specific cues to locate their hosts, and mosquito attraction differs considerably between individual human hosts. Heterogeneous mosquito biting results from variations in both host attractiveness and availability and can impact transmission of vector-borne diseases. However, the extent and drivers of this heterogeneity and its importance for pathogen transmission remain incompletely understood. Here, we review methods and recent data describing human characteristics that affect host-seeking behavior and host preferences of mosquito disease vectors, and the implications for vector-borne disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lynn Blanken
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy Prudhomme O'Meara
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Felix J H Hol
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Teun Bousema
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Howell MM, Olajiga OM, Cardenas JC, Parada-Higuera CA, Gonzales-Pabon MU, Gutierrez-Silva LY, Jaimes-Villamizar L, Werner BM, Shaffer JG, Manuzak JA, Londono-Renteria B. Mosquito Salivary Antigens and Their Relationship to Dengue and P. vivax Malaria. Pathogens 2024; 13:52. [PMID: 38251359 PMCID: PMC10818852 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In tropical areas, the simultaneous transmission of multiple vector-borne diseases is common due to ecological factors shared by arthropod vectors. Malaria and dengue virus, transmitted by Anopheles and Aedes mosquitoes, respectively, are among the top vector-borne diseases that cause significant morbidity and mortality in endemic areas. Notably, tropical areas often have suitable conditions for the co-existence of these mosquito species, highlighting the importance of identifying markers that accurately indicate the risk of acquiring each specific disease entity. Aedes are daytime-biting mosquitoes, while Anopheles preferentially bite during the night. These biting patterns raise the possibility of concurrent exposure to bites from both species. This is important because mosquito saliva, deposited in the skin during blood feeding, induces immune responses that modulate pathogen establishment and infection. Previous studies have focused on characterizing such effects on the vector-pathogen interface for an individual pathogen and its mosquito vector. In this study, we evaluated associations between immune responses to salivary proteins from non-dengue and non-malaria vector mosquito species with clinical characteristics of malaria and dengue, respectively. Surprisingly, antibody responses against Anopheles antigens in dengue patients correlated with red blood cell count and hematocrit, while antibody responses against Aedes proteins were associated with platelet count in malaria patients. Our data indicate that concurrent exposure to multiple disease-carrying mosquito vectors and their salivary proteins with differing immunomodulatory properties could influence the transmission, pathogenesis, and clinical presentation of malaria, dengue fever, and other vector-borne illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKenna M. Howell
- Arbovirology Laboratory, Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (M.M.H.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Olayinka M. Olajiga
- Arbovirology Laboratory, Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (M.M.H.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Jenny C. Cardenas
- Arbovirology Laboratory, Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (M.M.H.); (J.C.C.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Brett M. Werner
- College of Science and Technology, Bellevue University, Bellevue, NE 68005, USA;
| | - Jeffrey G. Shaffer
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Jennifer A. Manuzak
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA;
| | - Berlin Londono-Renteria
- Arbovirology Laboratory, Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (M.M.H.); (J.C.C.)
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Accoti A, Damiani C, Nunzi E, Cappelli A, Iacomelli G, Monacchia G, Turco A, D’Alò F, Peirce MJ, Favia G, Spaccapelo R. Anopheline mosquito saliva contains bacteria that are transferred to a mammalian host through blood feeding. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1157613. [PMID: 37533823 PMCID: PMC10392944 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1157613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Malaria transmission occurs when Plasmodium sporozoites are transferred from the salivary glands of anopheline mosquitoes to a human host through the injection of saliva. The need for better understanding, as well as novel modes of inhibiting, this key event in transmission has driven intense study of the protein and miRNA content of saliva. Until now the possibility that mosquito saliva may also contain bacteria has remained an open question despite the well documented presence of a rich microbiome in salivary glands. Methods Using both 16S rRNA sequencing and MALDI-TOF approaches, we characterized the composition of the saliva microbiome of An. gambiae and An. stephensi mosquitoes which respectively represent two of the most important vectors for the major malaria-causing parasites P. falciparum and P. vivax. Results To eliminate the possible detection of non-mosquito-derived bacteria, we used a transgenic, fluorescent strain of one of the identified bacteria, Serratiamarcescens, to infect mosquitoes and detect its presence in mosquito salivary glands as well as its transfer to, and colonization of, mammalian host tissues following a mosquito bite. We also showed that Plasmodium infection modified the mosquito microbiota, increasing the presence of Serratia while diminishing the presence of Elizabethkingia and that both P. berghei and Serratia were transferred to, and colonized mammalian tissues. Discussion These data thus document the presence of bacteria in mosquito saliva, their transfer to, and growth in a mammalian host as well as possible interactions with Plasmodium transmission. Together they raise the possible role of mosquitoes as vectors of bacterial infection and the utility of commensal mosquito bacteria for the development of transmission-blocking strategies within a mammalian host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Accoti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, CIRM Italian Malaria Network Perugia, Functional Genomic Center (C.U.R.Ge.F), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Damiani
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, CIRM Italian Malaria Network, Via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Italy
| | - Emilia Nunzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, CIRM Italian Malaria Network Perugia, Functional Genomic Center (C.U.R.Ge.F), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessia Cappelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, CIRM Italian Malaria Network, Via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Italy
| | - Gloria Iacomelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, CIRM Italian Malaria Network Perugia, Functional Genomic Center (C.U.R.Ge.F), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Monacchia
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, CIRM Italian Malaria Network Perugia, Functional Genomic Center (C.U.R.Ge.F), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonella Turco
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, CIRM Italian Malaria Network Perugia, Functional Genomic Center (C.U.R.Ge.F), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco D’Alò
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, CIRM Italian Malaria Network Perugia, Functional Genomic Center (C.U.R.Ge.F), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Matthew J. Peirce
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, CIRM Italian Malaria Network Perugia, Functional Genomic Center (C.U.R.Ge.F), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Guido Favia
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, CIRM Italian Malaria Network, Via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Italy
| | - Roberta Spaccapelo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, CIRM Italian Malaria Network Perugia, Functional Genomic Center (C.U.R.Ge.F), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Interuniversity Consortium for Biotechnology (C.I.B.), Trieste, Italy
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Parker DM, Medina C, Bohl J, Lon C, Chea S, Lay S, Kong D, Nhek S, Man S, Doehl JSP, Leang R, Kry H, Rekol H, Oliveira F, Minin VM, Manning JE. Determinants of exposure to Aedes mosquitoes: A comprehensive geospatial analysis in peri-urban Cambodia. Acta Trop 2023; 239:106829. [PMID: 36649803 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Aedes mosquitoes are some of the most important and globally expansive vectors of disease. Public health efforts are largely focused on prevention of human-vector contact. A range of entomological indices are used to measure risk of disease, though with conflicting results (i.e. larval or adult abundance does not always predict risk of disease). There is a growing interest in the development and use of biomarkers for exposure to mosquito saliva, including for Aedes spp, as a proxy for disease risk. In this study, we conduct a comprehensive geostatistical analysis of exposure to Aedes mosquito bites among a pediatric cohort in a peri‑urban setting endemic to dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses. We use demographic, household, and environmental variables (the flooding index (NFI), land type, and proximity to a river) in a Bayesian geostatistical model to predict areas of exposure to Aedes aegypti bites. We found that hotspots of exposure to Ae. aegypti salivary gland extract (SGE) were relatively small (< 500 m and sometimes < 250 m) and stable across the two-year study period. Age was negatively associated with antibody responses to Ae. aegypti SGE. Those living in agricultural settings had lower antibody responses than those living in urban settings, whereas those living near recent surface water accumulation were more likely to have higher antibody responses. Finally, we incorporated measures of larval and adult density in our geostatistical models and found that they did not show associations with antibody responses to Ae. aegypti SGE after controlling for other covariates in the model. Our results indicate that targeted house- or neighborhood-focused interventions may be appropriate for vector control in this setting. Further, demographic and environmental factors more capably predicted exposure to Ae. aegypti mosquitoes than commonly used entomological indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Parker
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Catalina Medina
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Bohl
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chanthap Lon
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sophana Chea
- National Center of Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sreyngim Lay
- National Center of Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Dara Kong
- National Center of Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sreynik Nhek
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Somnang Man
- National Center of Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Johannes S P Doehl
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rithea Leang
- National Center of Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Hok Kry
- Kampong Speu Provincial Health District, Ministry of Health, Cambodia
| | - Huy Rekol
- National Center of Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Fabiano Oliveira
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - Jessica E Manning
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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Marín-López A, Raduwan H, Chen TY, Utrilla-Trigo S, Wolfhard DP, Fikrig E. Mosquito Salivary Proteins and Arbovirus Infection: From Viral Enhancers to Potential Targets for Vaccines. Pathogens 2023; 12:371. [PMID: 36986293 PMCID: PMC10054260 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses present important public health challenges worldwide. Viruses such as DENV, ZIKV, and WNV are of current concern due to an increasing incidence and an expanding geographic range, generating explosive outbreaks even in non-endemic areas. The clinical signs associated with infection from these arboviruses are often inapparent, mild, or nonspecific, but occasionally develop into serious complications marked by rapid onset, tremors, paralysis, hemorrhagic fever, neurological alterations, or death. They are predominately transmitted to humans through mosquito bite, during which saliva is inoculated into the skin to facilitate blood feeding. A new approach to prevent arboviral diseases has been proposed by the observation that arthropod saliva facilitates transmission of pathogens. Viruses released within mosquito saliva may more easily initiate host invasion by taking advantage of the host's innate and adaptive immune responses to saliva. This provides a rationale for creating vaccines against mosquito salivary proteins, especially because of the lack of licensed vaccines against most of these viruses. This review aims to provide an overview of the effects on the host immune response by the mosquito salivary proteins and how these phenomena alter the infection outcome for different arboviruses, recent attempts to generate mosquito salivary-based vaccines against flavivirus including DENV, ZIKV, and WNV, and the potential benefits and pitfalls that this strategy involves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Marín-López
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Hamidah Raduwan
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Tse-Yu Chen
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Sergio Utrilla-Trigo
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
- Center for Animal Health Research (CISA-INIA/CSIC), 28130 Madrid, Spain
| | - David P. Wolfhard
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Erol Fikrig
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
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Buezo Montero S, Gabrieli P, Poinsignon A, Zamble BZH, Lombardo F, Remoue F, Arcà B. Human IgG responses to the Aedes albopictus 34k2 salivary protein: analyses in Réunion Island and Bolivia confirm its suitability as marker of host exposure to the tiger mosquito. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:260. [PMID: 35858924 PMCID: PMC9301888 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05383-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapid worldwide spreading of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus is expanding the risk of arboviral diseases transmission, pointing out the urgent need to improve monitoring and control of mosquito vector populations. Assessment of human-vector contact, currently estimated by classical entomological methods, is crucial to guide planning and implementation of control measures and evaluate transmission risk. Antibody responses to mosquito genus-specific salivary proteins are emerging as a convenient complementary tool for assessing host exposure to vectors. We previously showed that IgG responses to the Ae. albopictus 34k2 salivary protein (al34k2) allow detection of seasonal and geographic variation of human exposure to the tiger mosquito in two temperate areas of Northeast Italy. The main aim of this study was to confirm and extend these promising findings to tropical areas with ongoing arboviral transmission. METHODS IgG responses to al34k2 and to the Ae. aegypti orthologous protein ae34k2 were measured by ELISA in cohorts of subjects only exposed to Ae. albopictus (Réunion Island), only exposed to Ae. aegypti (Bolivia) or unexposed to both these vectors (North of France). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Anti-al34k2 IgG levels were significantly higher in sera of individuals from Réunion Island than in unexposed controls, indicating that al34k2 may be a convenient and reliable proxy for whole saliva or salivary gland extracts as an indicator of human exposure to Ae. albopictus. Bolivian subjects, exposed to bites of Ae. aegypti, carried in their sera IgG recognizing the Ae. albopictus al34k2 protein, suggesting that this salivary antigen can also detect, even though with low sensitivity, human exposure to Ae. aegypti. On the contrary, due to the high background observed in unexposed controls, the recombinant ae34k2 appeared not suitable for the evaluation of human exposure to Aedes mosquitoes. Overall, this study confirmed the suitability of anti-al34k2 IgG responses as a specific biomarker of human exposure to Ae. albopictus and, to a certain extent, to Ae. aegypti. Immunoassays based on al34k2 are expected to be especially effective in areas where Ae. albopictus is the main arboviral vector but may also be useful in areas where Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti coexist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Buezo Montero
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Division of Parasitology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Present Address: Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstrasse 27, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Paolo Gabrieli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Anne Poinsignon
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Fabrizio Lombardo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Division of Parasitology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Franck Remoue
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Arcà
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Division of Parasitology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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8
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Chaudhury S, Bolton JS, Eller LA, Robb M, Ake J, Ngauy V, Regules JA, Kamau E, Bergmann-Leitner ES. Assessing Prevalence and Transmission Rates of Malaria through Simultaneous Profiling of Antibody Responses against Plasmodium and Anopheles Antigens. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11071839. [PMID: 35407447 PMCID: PMC9000160 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11071839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Reliably assessing exposure to mosquitoes carrying malaria parasites continues to be a challenge due to the lack of reliable, highly sensitive diagnostics with high-throughput potential. Here, we describe an approach that meets these requirements by simultaneously measuring immune responses to both disease vector and pathogen, using an electro-chemiluminescence-based multiplex assay platform. While using the same logistical steps as a classic ELISA, this platform allows for the multiplexing of up to ten antigens in a single well. This simple, reproducible, quantitative readout reports the magnitude, incidence, and prevalence of malaria infections in residents of malaria-endemic areas. By reporting exposure to both insect vectors and pathogen, the approach also provides insights into the efficacy of drugs and/or other countermeasures deployed against insect vectors aimed at reducing or eliminating arthropod-borne diseases. The high throughput of the assay enables the quick and efficient screening of sera from individuals for exposure to Plasmodium even if they are taking drug prophylaxis. We applied this assay to samples collected from controlled malaria infection studies, as well as those collected in field studies in malaria-endemic regions in Uganda and Kenya. The assay was sensitive to vector exposure, malaria infection, and endemicity, demonstrating its potential for use in malaria serosurveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidhartha Chaudhury
- Center Enabling Capabilities, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Jessica S. Bolton
- Biologics Research & Development, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (J.S.B.); (V.N.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Leigh Anne Eller
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (L.A.E.); (M.R.)
| | - Merlin Robb
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (L.A.E.); (M.R.)
| | - Julie Ake
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (J.A.); (E.K.)
| | - Viseth Ngauy
- Biologics Research & Development, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (J.S.B.); (V.N.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Jason A. Regules
- Biologics Research & Development, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (J.S.B.); (V.N.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Edwin Kamau
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (J.A.); (E.K.)
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Elke S. Bergmann-Leitner
- Biologics Research & Development, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (J.S.B.); (V.N.); (J.A.R.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Willen L, Milton P, Hamley JID, Walker M, Osei-Atweneboana MY, Volf P, Basáñez MG, Courtenay O. Demographic patterns of human antibody levels to Simulium damnosum s.l. saliva in onchocerciasis-endemic areas: An indicator of exposure to vector bites. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010108. [PMID: 35020729 PMCID: PMC8789114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In onchocerciasis endemic areas in Africa, heterogenous biting rates by blackfly vectors on humans are assumed to partially explain age- and sex-dependent infection patterns with Onchocerca volvulus. To underpin these assumptions and further improve predictions made by onchocerciasis transmission models, demographic patterns in antibody responses to salivary antigens of Simulium damnosum s.l. are evaluated as a measure of blackfly exposure. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Recently developed IgG and IgM anti-saliva immunoassays for S. damnosum s.l. were applied to blood samples collected from residents in four onchocerciasis endemic villages in Ghana. Demographic patterns in antibody levels according to village, sex and age were explored by fitting generalized linear models. Antibody levels varied between villages but showed consistent patterns with age and sex. Both IgG and IgM responses declined with increasing age. IgG responses were generally lower in males than in females and exhibited a steeper decline in adult males than in adult females. No sex-specific difference was observed in IgM responses. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The decline in age-specific antibody patterns suggested development of immunotolerance or desensitization to blackfly saliva antigen in response to persistent exposure. The variation between sexes, and between adults and youngsters may reflect differences in behaviour influencing cumulative exposure. These measures of antibody acquisition and decay could be incorporated into onchocerciasis transmission models towards informing onchocerciasis control, elimination, and surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Willen
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccinations, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- * E-mail: (LW); (OC)
| | - Philip Milton
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan I. D. Hamley
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Walker
- London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research and Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Petr Volf
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maria-Gloria Basáñez
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Orin Courtenay
- Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology & Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research and School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (LW); (OC)
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10
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Kearney EA, Agius PA, Chaumeau V, Cutts JC, Simpson JA, Fowkes FJI. Anopheles salivary antigens as serological biomarkers of vector exposure and malaria transmission: A systematic review with multilevel modelling. eLife 2021; 10:e73080. [PMID: 34939933 PMCID: PMC8860437 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Entomological surveillance for malaria is inherently resource-intensive and produces crude population-level measures of vector exposure which are insensitive in low-transmission settings. Antibodies against Anopheles salivary proteins measured at the individual level may serve as proxy biomarkers for vector exposure and malaria transmission, but their relationship is yet to be quantified. Methods A systematic review of studies measuring antibodies against Anopheles salivary antigens (PROSPERO: CRD42020185449). Multilevel modelling (to account for multiple study-specific observations [level 1], nested within study [level 2], and study nested within country [level 3]) estimated associations between seroprevalence with Anopheles human biting rate (HBR) and malaria transmission measures. Results From 3981 studies identified in literature searches, 42 studies across 16 countries were included contributing 393 study-specific observations of anti-Anopheles salivary antibodies determined in 42,764 samples. A positive association between HBR (log transformed) and seroprevalence was found; overall a twofold (100% relative) increase in HBR was associated with a 23% increase in odds of seropositivity (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.10-1.37; p<0.001). The association between HBR and Anopheles salivary antibodies was strongest with concordant, rather than discordant, Anopheles species. Seroprevalence was also significantly positively associated with established epidemiological measures of malaria transmission: entomological inoculation rate, Plasmodium spp. prevalence, and malarial endemicity class. Conclusions Anopheles salivary antibody biomarkers can serve as a proxy measure for HBR and malaria transmission, and could monitor malaria receptivity of a population to sustain malaria transmission. Validation of Anopheles species-specific biomarkers is important given the global heterogeneity in the distribution of Anopheles species. Salivary biomarkers have the potential to transform surveillance by replacing impractical, inaccurate entomological investigations, especially in areas progressing towards malaria elimination. Funding Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, Wellcome Trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen A Kearney
- The McFarlane Burnet Institute of Medical Research and Public HealthMelbourneAustralia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Paul A Agius
- The McFarlane Burnet Institute of Medical Research and Public HealthMelbourneAustralia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Victor Chaumeau
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol UniversityMae SotThailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Julia C Cutts
- The McFarlane Burnet Institute of Medical Research and Public HealthMelbourneAustralia
- Department of Medicine at the Doherty Institute, The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Julie A Simpson
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Freya JI Fowkes
- The McFarlane Burnet Institute of Medical Research and Public HealthMelbourneAustralia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
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11
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Zamble BZH, Yao SS, Adja AM, Bakli M, Zoh DD, Mathieu-Daudé F, Assi SB, Remoue F, Almeras L, Poinsignon A. First evaluation of antibody responses to Culex quinquefasciatus salivary antigens as a serological biomarker of human exposure to Culex bites: A pilot study in Côte d'Ivoire. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0010004. [PMID: 34898609 PMCID: PMC8699949 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Culex mosquitoes are vectors for a variety of pathogens of public health concern. New indicators of exposure to Culex bites are needed to evaluate the risk of transmission of associated pathogens and to assess the efficacy of vector control strategies. An alternative to entomological indices is the serological measure of antibodies specific to mosquito salivary antigens. This study investigated whether the human IgG response to both the salivary gland extract and the 30 kDa salivary protein of Culex quinquefasciatus may represent a proxy of human exposure to Culex bites. Methodology/Principal findings A multidisciplinary survey was conducted with children aged 1 to 14 years living in neighborhoods with varying exposure to Culex quinquefasciatus in the city of Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire. Children living in sites with high exposure to Cx quinquefasciatus had a significantly higher IgG response to both salivary antigens compared with children living in the control site where only very few Culex were recorded. Moreover, children from any Culex-high exposed sites had significantly higher IgG responses only to the salivary gland extract compared with children from the control village, whereas no difference was noted in the anti-30 kDa IgG response. No significant differences were noted in the specific IgG responses between age and gender. Sites and the use of a bed net were associated with the level of IgG response to the salivary gland extract and to the 30 kDa antigen, respectively. Conclusions/Significance These findings suggest that the IgG response to Culex salivary gland extracts is suitable as proxy of exposure; however, the specificity to the Culex genus needs further investigation. The lower antigenicity of the 30 kDa recombinant protein represents a limitation to its use. The high specificity of this protein to the Culex genus makes it an attractive candidate and other specific antibody responses might be more relevant as a biomarker of exposure. These epidemiological observations may form a starting point for additional work on developing serological biomarkers of Culex exposure. The evaluation of exposure to mosquitoes is a key parameter in assessing the risk of transmission of associated pathogens, including zoonoses. Entomological methods represent the gold standard but have several limitations, and efforts are being made to develop new indicators to accurately assess human–Culex contact. This study showed the IgG response to Culex quinquefasciatus salivary gland extract is suitable proxy of exposure to Culex bites. The lower antigenicity of the 30 kDa recombinant protein represents a limitation to its use. The high specificity of this protein to the Culex genus makes it an attractive candidate and other isotypic antibody responses specific to this salivary antigen might be more relevant as a biomarker of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi Zamble H. Zamble
- Institut Pierre Richet / Institut National de Santé Publique, Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Serge S. Yao
- Institut Pasteur de Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Akré M. Adja
- Institut Pierre Richet / Institut National de Santé Publique, Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire
- UFR Biosciences, University Felix Houphouët Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | | | - Dounin D. Zoh
- Institut Pierre Richet / Institut National de Santé Publique, Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire
- UFR Biosciences, University Felix Houphouët Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | | | - Serge B. Assi
- Institut Pierre Richet / Institut National de Santé Publique, Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire
- Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Franck Remoue
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Lionel Almeras
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Poinsignon
- Institut Pierre Richet / Institut National de Santé Publique, Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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12
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Olajiga O, Holguin-Rocha AF, Rippee-Brooks M, Eppler M, Harris SL, Londono-Renteria B. Vertebrate Responses against Arthropod Salivary Proteins and Their Therapeutic Potential. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:347. [PMID: 33916367 PMCID: PMC8066741 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The saliva of hematophagous arthropods contains a group of active proteins to counteract host responses against injury and to facilitate the success of a bloodmeal. These salivary proteins have significant impacts on modulating pathogen transmission, immunogenicity expression, the establishment of infection, and even disease severity. Recent studies have shown that several salivary proteins are immunogenic and antibodies against them may block infection, thereby suggesting potential vaccine candidates. Here, we discuss the most relevant salivary proteins currently studied for their therapeutic potential as vaccine candidates or to control the transmission of human vector-borne pathogens and immune responses against different arthropod salivary proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olayinka Olajiga
- Vector Biology Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (O.O.); (A.F.H.-R.); (M.E.); (S.L.H.)
| | - Andrés F. Holguin-Rocha
- Vector Biology Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (O.O.); (A.F.H.-R.); (M.E.); (S.L.H.)
| | | | - Megan Eppler
- Vector Biology Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (O.O.); (A.F.H.-R.); (M.E.); (S.L.H.)
| | - Shanice L. Harris
- Vector Biology Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (O.O.); (A.F.H.-R.); (M.E.); (S.L.H.)
| | - Berlin Londono-Renteria
- Vector Biology Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (O.O.); (A.F.H.-R.); (M.E.); (S.L.H.)
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Chuang YM, Agunbiade TA, Tang XD, Freudzon M, Almeras L, Fikrig E. The Effects of A Mosquito Salivary Protein on Sporozoite Traversal of Host Cells. J Infect Dis 2020; 224:544-553. [PMID: 33306099 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria begins when Plasmodium-infected Anopheles mosquitoes take a blood meal on a vertebrate. During the initial probing process, mosquitoes inject saliva and sporozoites into the host skin. Components of mosquito saliva have the potential to influence sporozoite functionality. Sporozoite-associated mosquito saliva protein 1 (SAMSP1; AGAP013726) was among several proteins identified when sporozoites were isolated from saliva, suggesting it may have an effect on Plasmodium. Recombinant SAMSP1 enhanced sporozoite gliding and cell traversal activity in vitro. Moreover, SAMSP1 decreased neutrophil chemotaxis in vivo and in vitro, thereby also exerting an influence on the host environment in which the sporozoites reside. Active or passive immunization of mice with SAMSP1 or SAMSP1 antiserum diminished the initial Plasmodium burden after infection. Passive immunization of mice with SAMSP1 antiserum also added to the protective effect of a circumsporozoite protein monoclonal antibody. SAMSP1 is, therefore, a mosquito saliva protein that can influence sporozoite infectivity in the vertebrate host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Min Chuang
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tolulope A Agunbiade
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Xu-Dong Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Marianna Freudzon
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lionel Almeras
- Unité de Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, UMR Vecteurs-Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Erol Fikrig
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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14
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Buezo Montero S, Gabrieli P, Montarsi F, Borean A, Capelli S, De Silvestro G, Forneris F, Pombi M, Breda A, Capelli G, Arcà B. IgG Antibody Responses to the Aedes albopictus 34k2 Salivary Protein as Novel Candidate Marker of Human Exposure to the Tiger Mosquito. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:377. [PMID: 32850479 PMCID: PMC7405501 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes of the Aedes genus transmit arboviruses of great importance to human health as dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever. The tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus can play an important role as arboviral vector, especially when Aedes aegypti is absent or present at low levels. Remarkably, the rapid worldwide spreading of the tiger mosquito is expanding the risk of arboviral transmission also to temperate areas, and the autochthonous cases of chikungunya, dengue and Zika in Europe emphasize the need for improved monitoring and control. Proteomic and transcriptomic studies on blood feeding arthropod salivary proteins paved the way toward the exploitation of genus-specific mosquito salivary proteins for the development of novel tools to evaluate human exposure to mosquito bites. We previously found that the culicine-specific 34k2 salivary protein from Ae. albopictus (al34k2) evokes specific IgG responses in experimentally exposed mice, and provided preliminary evidence of its immunogenicity to humans. In this study we measured IgG responses to al34k2 and to Ae. albopictus salivary gland protein extracts (SGE) in individuals naturally exposed to the tiger mosquito. Sera were collected in two areas of Northeast Italy (Padova and Belluno) during two different time periods: at the end of the low- and shortly after the high-density mosquito seasons. Anti-SGE and anti-al34k2 IgG levels increased after the summer period of exposure to mosquito bites and were higher in Padova as compared to Belluno. An age-dependent decrease of anti-saliva IgG responses was found especially in Padova, an area with at least 25 years history of Ae. albopictus colonization. Moreover, a weak correlation between anti-saliva IgG levels and individual perception of mosquito bites by study participants was found. Finally, determination of anti-al34k2 IgG1 and IgG4 levels indicated a large predominance of IgG1 antibodies. Overall, this study provides a convincing indication that antibody responses to al34k2 may be regarded as a reliable candidate marker to detect temporal and/or spatial variation of human exposure to Ae. albopictus; a serological tool of this kind may prove useful both for epidemiological studies and to estimate the effectiveness of anti-vectorial measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Buezo Montero
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Gabrieli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montarsi
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Alessio Borean
- Department of Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, San Martino Hospital, Belluno, Italy
| | - Stefano Capelli
- Department of Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, San Martino Hospital, Belluno, Italy
| | | | - Federico Forneris
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Pombi
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Breda
- Coordinamento Regionale Attività Trasfusionali (CRAT), Padova, Italy
| | - Gioia Capelli
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Bruno Arcà
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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15
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The Pharmacopea within Triatomine Salivary Glands. Trends Parasitol 2020; 36:250-265. [PMID: 32007395 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Triatomines are blood-feeding insects that prey on vertebrate hosts. Their saliva is largely responsible for their feeding success. The triatomine salivary content has been studied over the past decades, revealing multifunctional bioactive proteins targeting the host´s hemostasis and immune system. Recently, sequencing of salivary-gland mRNA libraries revealed increasingly complex and complete transcript databases that have been used to validate the expression of deduced proteins through proteomics. This review provides an insight into the journey of discovery and characterization of novel molecules in triatomine saliva.
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16
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Montiel J, Carbal LF, Tobón-Castaño A, Vásquez GM, Fisher ML, Londono-Rentería B. IgG antibody response against Anopheles salivary gland proteins in asymptomatic Plasmodium infections in Narino, Colombia. Malar J 2020; 19:42. [PMID: 31973737 PMCID: PMC6979332 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-3128-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The humoral immune response against Anopheles salivary glands proteins in the vertebrate host can reflect the intensity of exposure to Anopheles bites and the risk of Plasmodium infection. In Colombia, the identification of exposure biomarkers is necessary due to the several Anopheles species circulating. The purpose of this study was to evaluate risk of malaria infection by measuring antibody responses against salivary glands extracts from Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) albimanus and Anopheles (Nys.) darlingi and also against the gSG6-P1 peptide of Anopheles gambiae in people residing in a malaria endemic area in the Colombian Pacific coast. Methods Dried blood spots samples were eluted to measure the IgG antibodies against salivary gland extracts of An. albimanus strains STECLA (STE) and Cartagena (CTG) and An. darlingi and the gSG6-P1 peptide by ELISA in uninfected people and microscopic and submicroscopic Plasmodium carriers from the Colombia Pacific Coast. A multiple linear mixed regression model, Spearman correlation, and Mann–Whitney U-test were used to analyse IgG data. Results Significant differences in specific IgG levels were detected between infected and uninfected groups for salivary glands extracts from An. albimanus and for gSG6-P1, also IgG response to CTG and gSG6-P1 peptide were positively associated with the IgG response to Plasmodium falciparum in the mixed model. Conclusion The CTG and STE An. albimanus salivary glands extracts are a potential source of new Anopheles salivary biomarkers to identify exposure to the main malaria vector and to calculate risk of disease in the Colombian Pacific coast. Also, the gSG6-P1 peptide has the potential to quantify human exposure to the subgenus Anopheles vectors in the same area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehidys Montiel
- Grupo Malaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Luisa F Carbal
- Grupo Malaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Alberto Tobón-Castaño
- Grupo Malaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Medicas, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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17
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Buezo Montero S, Gabrieli P, Severini F, Picci L, Di Luca M, Forneris F, Facchinelli L, Ponzi M, Lombardo F, Arcà B. Analysis in a murine model points to IgG responses against the 34k2 salivary proteins from Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti as novel promising candidate markers of host exposure to Aedes mosquitoes. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007806. [PMID: 31618201 PMCID: PMC6816578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aedes mosquitoes are vectors of arboviral diseases of great relevance for public health. The recent outbreaks of dengue, Zika, chikungunya and the rapid worldwide spreading of Aedes albopictus emphasize the need for improvement of vector surveillance and control. Host antibody response to mosquito salivary antigens is emerging as a relevant additional tool to directly assess vector-host contact, monitor efficacy of control interventions and evaluate risk of arboviral transmission. Methodology/principal findings Groups of four BALB/c mice were immunized by exposure to bites of either Aedes albopictus or Aedes aegypti. The 34k2 salivary proteins from Ae. albopictus (al34k2) and Ae. aegypti (ae34k2) were expressed in recombinant form and Ae. albopictus salivary peptides were designed through B-cell epitopes prediction software. IgG responses to salivary gland extracts, peptides, al34k2 and ae34k2 were measured in exposed mice. Both al34k2 and ae34k2, with some individual and antigen-specific variation, elicited a clearly detectable antibody response in immunized mice. Remarkably, the two orthologous proteins showed very low level of immune cross-reactivity, suggesting they may eventually be developed as species-specific markers of host exposure. The al34k2 immunogenicity and the limited immune cross-reactivity to ae34k2 were confirmed in a single human donor hyperimmune to Ae. albopictus saliva. Conclusions/significance Our study shows that exposure to bites of Ae. albopictus or Ae. aegypti evokes in mice species-specific IgG responses to al34k2 or ae34k2, respectively. Deeper understanding of duration of antibody response and validation in natural conditions of human exposure to Aedes mosquitoes are certainly needed. However, our findings point to the al34k2 salivary protein as a promising potential candidate for the development of immunoassays to evaluate human exposure to Ae. albopictus. This would be a step forward in the establishment of a serological toolbox for the simultaneous assessment of human exposure to Aedes vectors and the pathogens they transmit. Taking advantage of several factors, as worldwide trading, climatic changes and urbanization, Aedes mosquitoes are impressively expanding their geographic distribution. A paradigm is provided by the rapid global spreading of Aedes albopictus, a species that is a competent vector of several arboviral diseases (e.g. dengue, Zika, chikungunya) and has been responsible of quite a few outbreaks in the last decade. Historically, vector control always played a pivotal role for the containment of arthropod-borne diseases, and this appears especially crucial for arboviral diseases for which no effective vaccines or specific medications are available. Currently, host exposure to mosquitoes is indirectly evaluated by entomological methods; however, exploitation of human immune responses to mosquito salivary proteins is emerging as a relevant additional tool, with important epidemiological implications for the evaluation of mosquito-borne disease risk. This study provides preliminary but solid indications that the 34k2 salivary proteins from Ae. albopictus and Aedes aegypti may be suitable candidates for the development of serological assays to evaluate spatial and/or temporal variation of human exposure to Aedes vectors. Combined to the presently available tools to assess arboviral exposure/infection, this may be of great help for the development of a serological toolbox allowing for the simultaneous determination of human exposure to Aedes vectors and to the pathogens they transmit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Buezo Montero
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Gabrieli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Severini
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Picci
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Di Luca
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Forneris
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Facchinelli
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Ponzi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Lombardo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Arcà
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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18
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Cardenas JC, Drame PM, Luque-Burgos KA, Berrio JD, Entrena-Mutis E, González MU, Carvajal DJ, Gutiérrez-Silva LY, Cardenas LD, Colpitts TM, Mores CN, Londono-Renteria B. IgG1 and IgG4 antibodies against Aedes aegypti salivary proteins and risk for dengue infections. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0208455. [PMID: 30601814 PMCID: PMC6314615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is an arbovirus responsible for a significant number of deaths in Latin America. This virus is transmitted through the bite of Aedes aegypti, the main mosquito vector, and Ae. albopictus. During blood uptake, the mosquito injects its saliva into the host to facilitate the feeding process. Mosquito saliva contains potent immunogens capable of inducing antibody production directly related to mosquito bite exposure intensity and disease risk. In this study, we first determined the DENV infection status by two different DENV non-structural protein 1 (NS1) based rapid tests and qRT-PCR, then measured the levels of IgG1 and IgG4 antibodies against salivary proteins of Ae. aegypti female mosquitoes in volunteers living in a dengue endemic area. Our results show that people with a positive DENV diagnosis present higher levels of IgG4 antibodies than people with a negative diagnostic test, and that these antibody levels were higher in people with secondary DENV infections. With this study, we show that detection of IgG4 antibodies against mosquito saliva may be a reliable method to evaluate the risk of dengue infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny C. Cardenas
- Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Local Los Patios, Norte de Santander, Colombia
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Papa M. Drame
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | | | - Juan D. Berrio
- Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Erasmo Meoz de Cúcuta, Norte de Santander, Colombia
| | - Elsi Entrena-Mutis
- Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Erasmo Meoz de Cúcuta, Norte de Santander, Colombia
| | - María U. González
- Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Erasmo Meoz de Cúcuta, Norte de Santander, Colombia
| | - Daisy J. Carvajal
- Grupo Investigaciones en Enfermedades Parasitarias e Infecciosas, Universidad de Pamplona, Pamplona, Norte de Santander, Colombia
| | - Lady Y. Gutiérrez-Silva
- Laboratorio Clinico, E.S.E Hospital Emiro Quintero Cañizares, Ocaña, Norte de Santander, Colombia
| | - Lucio D. Cardenas
- Grupo Investigaciones en Enfermedades Parasitarias e Infecciosas, Universidad de Pamplona, Pamplona, Norte de Santander, Colombia
| | - Tonya M. Colpitts
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Christopher N. Mores
- Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Berlin Londono-Renteria
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Londono-Renteria BL, Shakeri H, Rozo-Lopez P, Conway MJ, Duggan N, Jaberi-Douraki M, Colpitts TM. Serosurvey of Human Antibodies Recognizing Aedes aegypti D7 Salivary Proteins in Colombia. Front Public Health 2018; 6:111. [PMID: 29868532 PMCID: PMC5968123 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue is one of the most geographically significant mosquito-borne viral diseases transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. During blood feeding, mosquitoes deposit salivary proteins that induce antibody responses. These can be related to the intensity of exposure to bites. Some mosquito salivary proteins, such as D7 proteins, are known as potent allergens. The antibody response to D7 proteins can be used as a marker to evaluate the risk of exposure and disease transmission and provide critical information for understanding the dynamics of vector–host interactions. Methods The study was conducted at the Los Patios Hospital, Cucuta, Norte de Santander, Colombia. A total of 63 participants were enrolled in the study. Participants were categorized into three disease status groups, age groups, and socioeconomic strata. The level of IgG antibodies against D7 Aedes proteins was determined by ELISA. We used a statistical approach to determine if there is an association between antibody levels and factors such as age, living conditions, and dengue virus (DENV) infection. Results We found that IgG antibodies against D7 proteins were higher in non-DENV infected individuals in comparison to DENV-infected participants. Also, the age factor showed a significant positive correlation with IgG antibodies against D7 proteins, and the living conditions (socioeconomic stratification), in people aged 20 years or older, are a statistically significant factor in the variability of IgG antibodies against D7 proteins. Conclusion This pilot study represents the first approximation to elucidate any correlation between the antibody response against mosquito D7 salivary proteins and its correlation with age, living conditions, and DENV infection in a dengue endemic area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heman Shakeri
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Paula Rozo-Lopez
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Michael J Conway
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States
| | - Natasha Duggan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Majid Jaberi-Douraki
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States.,Department of Mathematics, Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Tonya M Colpitts
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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20
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Dragovic SM, Agunbiade TA, Freudzon M, Yang J, Hastings AK, Schleicher TR, Zhou X, Craft S, Chuang YM, Gonzalez F, Li Y, Hrebikova G, Tripathi A, Mlambo G, Almeras L, Ploss A, Dimopoulos G, Fikrig E. Immunization with AgTRIO, a Protein in Anopheles Saliva, Contributes to Protection against Plasmodium Infection in Mice. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 23:523-535.e5. [PMID: 29649443 PMCID: PMC5998332 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodium infection begins with the bite of an anopheline mosquito, when sporozoites along with saliva are injected into a vertebrate host. The role of the host responses to mosquito saliva components in malaria remains unclear. We observed that antisera against Anopheles gambiae salivary glands partially protected mice from mosquito-borne Plasmodium infection. Specifically, antibodies to A. gambiae TRIO (AgTRIO), a mosquito salivary gland antigen, contributed to the protection. Mice administered AgTRIO antiserum showed lower Plasmodium liver burden and decreased parasitemia when exposed to infected mosquitoes. Active immunization with AgTRIO was also partially protective against Plasmodium berghei infection. A combination of AgTRIO antiserum and antibodies against Plasmodium circumsporozoite protein, a vaccine candidate, further decreased P. berghei infection. In humanized mice, AgTRIO antiserum afforded some protection against mosquito-transmitted Plasmodium falciparum. AgTRIO antiserum reduced the movement of sporozoites in the murine dermis. AgTRIO may serve as an arthropod-based target against Plasmodium to combat malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srdjan M Dragovic
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, The Anlyan Center for Medical Research and Education, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Tolulope A Agunbiade
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, The Anlyan Center for Medical Research and Education, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Marianna Freudzon
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, The Anlyan Center for Medical Research and Education, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, The Anlyan Center for Medical Research and Education, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Andrew K Hastings
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, The Anlyan Center for Medical Research and Education, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Tyler R Schleicher
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, The Anlyan Center for Medical Research and Education, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xia Zhou
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, The Anlyan Center for Medical Research and Education, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Sam Craft
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, The Anlyan Center for Medical Research and Education, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yu-Min Chuang
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, The Anlyan Center for Medical Research and Education, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Floricel Gonzalez
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, The Anlyan Center for Medical Research and Education, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Youquan Li
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, The Anlyan Center for Medical Research and Education, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Gabriela Hrebikova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Abhai Tripathi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Godfree Mlambo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lionel Almeras
- Unité de Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Alexander Ploss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - George Dimopoulos
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Erol Fikrig
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, The Anlyan Center for Medical Research and Education, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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21
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Perraut R, Varela ML, Loucoubar C, Niass O, Sidibé A, Tall A, Trape JF, Wotodjo AN, Mbengue B, Sokhna C, Vigan-Womas I, Touré A, Richard V, Mercereau-Puijalon O. Serological signatures of declining exposure following intensification of integrated malaria control in two rural Senegalese communities. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179146. [PMID: 28609450 PMCID: PMC5469466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent control scale-up has reduced malaria in many areas but new tools are needed to monitor further progress, including indicators of decreasing exposure to parasite infection. Although serology is considered a promising approach in this regard, the serological impact of control interventions has been so far studied using indirect quantification of exposure. Cohort surveys concomitantly recording entomological and malariometric indices have been conducted in two Senegalese settings where supervised control intensification implemented in 2006 shifted malaria from historically holoendemic in Dielmo and mesoendemic in Ndiop to hypoendemic in both settings by 2013. We analyse here serological signatures of declining transmission using archived blood samples. Responses against ten pre-erythrocytic and erythrocytic antigens from Plasmodium falciparum and P. malariae alongside an Anopheles gambiae salivary gland antigen were analysed. Cross-sectional surveys conducted before (2002) and after (2013) control intensification showed a major impact of control intensification in both settings. The age-associated prevalence, magnitude and breadth of the IgG responses to all antigens were village-specific in 2002. In 2013, remarkably similar patterns were observed in both villages, with marginal responses against all parasite antigens in the 0-5y children and reduced responses in all previously seropositive age groups. Waning of humoral responses of individuals who were immune at the time of control intensification was studied from 2006 to 2013 using yearly samplings. Longitudinal data were analysed using the Cochran-Armittage trend test and an age-related reversible catalytic conversion model. This showed that the antigen-specific antibody declines were more rapid in older children than adults. There was a strong association of antibody decline with the declining entomological inoculation rate. We thus identified serological markers of declining exposure to malaria parasites that should help future monitoring of progress towards malaria elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Perraut
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d’Immunologie, Dakar, Sénégal
- * E-mail:
| | - Marie-Louise Varela
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, G4 Biostatistiques Bioinformatique et Modélisation, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Cheikh Loucoubar
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, G4 Biostatistiques Bioinformatique et Modélisation, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Oumy Niass
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d’Immunologie, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Awa Sidibé
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d’Immunologie, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Adama Tall
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d’Epidémiologie, Dakar, Sénégal
| | | | | | - Babacar Mbengue
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d’Immunogénétique, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Cheikh Sokhna
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), URMITE, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Inès Vigan-Womas
- Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Unité d’Immunologie des Maladies Infectieuses, Antanarivo, Madagascar
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Parasitology and Insect Vectors, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris, France
| | - Aissatou Touré
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d’Immunologie, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Vincent Richard
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d’Epidémiologie, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Odile Mercereau-Puijalon
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Parasitology and Insect Vectors, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris, France
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22
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Idris ZM, Chan CW, Mohammed M, Kalkoa M, Taleo G, Junker K, Arcà B, Drakeley C, Kaneko A. Serological measures to assess the efficacy of malaria control programme on Ambae Island, Vanuatu. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:204. [PMID: 28441959 PMCID: PMC5405492 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2139-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Seroepidemiology can provide evidence for temporal changes in malaria transmission and is an important tool to evaluate the effectiveness of control interventions. During the early 2000s, Vanuatu experienced an acute increase in malaria incidence due to a lapse in funding for vector control. After the distribution of subsidised insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) resumed in 2003, malaria incidence decreased in the subsequent years. This study was conducted to find the serological evidence supporting the impact of ITN on exposure to Anopheles vector bites and parasite prevalence. Methods On Ambae Island, blood samples were collected from 231 and 282 individuals in 2003 and 2007, respectively. Parasite prevalence was determined by microscopy. Antibodies to three Plasmodium falciparum (PfSE, PfMSP-119, and PfAMA-1) and three Plasmodium vivax (PvSE, PvMSP-119, and PvAMA-1) antigens, as well as the Anopheles-specific salivary antigen gSG6, were detected by ELISA. Age-specific seroprevalence was analysed using a reverse catalytic modelling approach to estimate seroconversion rates (SCRs). Results Parasite rate decreased significantly (P < 0.001) from 19.0% in 2003 to 3.2% in 2007, with a shift from P. falciparum predominance to P. falciparum-P. vivax co-dominance. Significant (P < 0.001) decreases were observed in seroprevalence to all three P. falciparum antigens but only two of three P. vivax antigens (except PvAMA-1; P = 0.153), consistent with the more pronounced decrease in P. falciparum prevalence. Seroprevalence to gSG6 also decreased significantly (P < 0.001), suggesting that reduced exposure to vector bites was important to the decrease in parasite prevalence between 2003 and 2007. Analyses of age-specific seroprevalence showed a three-fold decrease in P. falciparum transmission, but the evidence for the decrease in P. vivax transmission was less clear. Conclusions Serological markers pointed to the effectiveness of ITNs in reducing malaria prevalence on Ambae Island between 2003 and 2007. The recombinant gSG6 antigen originally developed to indicate exposure to the Afrotropical vector An. gambiae may be used in the Pacific to complement the traditional measure of entomological inoculation rate (EIR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulkarnain Md Idris
- Island Malaria Group, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Chim W Chan
- Island Malaria Group, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mubasher Mohammed
- Island Malaria Group, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Klara Junker
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Yeast and Fermentation, Carlsberg Research Laboratory, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bruno Arcà
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Parasitology Section, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chris Drakeley
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Akira Kaneko
- Island Malaria Group, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Parasitology and Research Centre for Infectious Disease Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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23
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Arcà B, Lombardo F, Struchiner CJ, Ribeiro JMC. Anopheline salivary protein genes and gene families: an evolutionary overview after the whole genome sequence of sixteen Anopheles species. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:153. [PMID: 28193177 PMCID: PMC5307786 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3579-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mosquito saliva is a complex cocktail whose pharmacological properties play an essential role in blood feeding by counteracting host physiological response to tissue injury. Moreover, vector borne pathogens are transmitted to vertebrates and exposed to their immune system in the context of mosquito saliva which, in virtue of its immunomodulatory properties, can modify the local environment at the feeding site and eventually affect pathogen transmission. In addition, the host antibody response to salivary proteins may be used to assess human exposure to mosquito vectors. Even though the role of quite a few mosquito salivary proteins has been clarified in the last decade, we still completely ignore the physiological role of many of them as well as the extent of their involvement in the complex interactions taking place between the mosquito vectors, the pathogens they transmit and the vertebrate host. The recent release of the genomes of 16 Anopheles species offered the opportunity to get insights into function and evolution of salivary protein families in anopheline mosquitoes. RESULTS Orthologues of fifty three Anopheles gambiae salivary proteins were retrieved and annotated from 18 additional anopheline species belonging to the three subgenera Cellia, Anopheles, and Nyssorhynchus. Our analysis included 824 full-length salivary proteins from 24 different families and allowed the identification of 79 novel salivary genes and re-annotation of 379 wrong predictions. The comparative, structural and phylogenetic analyses yielded an unprecedented view of the anopheline salivary repertoires and of their evolution over 100 million years of anopheline radiation shedding light on mechanisms and evolutionary forces that contributed shaping the anopheline sialomes. CONCLUSIONS We provide here a comprehensive description, classification and evolutionary overview of the main anopheline salivary protein families and identify two novel candidate markers of human exposure to malaria vectors worldwide. This anopheline sialome catalogue, which is easily accessible as hyperlinked spreadsheet, is expected to be useful to the vector biology community and to improve the capacity to gain a deeper understanding of mosquito salivary proteins facilitating their possible exploitation for epidemiological and/or pathogen-vector-host interaction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Arcà
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases - Division of Parasitology, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Lombardo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases - Division of Parasitology, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio J Struchiner
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José M C Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 12735 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
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24
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Ya-Umphan P, Cerqueira D, Parker DM, Cottrell G, Poinsignon A, Remoue F, Brengues C, Chareonviriyaphap T, Nosten F, Corbel V. Use of an Anopheles Salivary Biomarker to Assess Malaria Transmission Risk Along the Thailand-Myanmar Border. J Infect Dis 2017; 215:396-404. [PMID: 27932615 PMCID: PMC5853934 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The modalities of malaria transmission along the Thailand-Myanmar border are poorly understood. Here we address the relevance of using a specific Anopheles salivary biomarker to measure the risk among humans of exposure to Anopheles bites. Methods Serologic surveys were conducted from May 2013 to December 2014 in 4 sentinel villages. More than 9400 blood specimens were collected in filter papers from all inhabitants at baseline and then every 3 months thereafter, for up to 18 months, for analysis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The relationship between the intensity of the human antibody response and entomological indicators of transmission (human biting rates and entomological inoculation rates [EIRs]) was studied using a multivariate 3-level mixed model analysis. Heat maps for human immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses for each village and survey time point were created using QGIS 2.4. Results The levels of IgG response among participants varied significantly according to village, season, and age (P<.001) and were positively associated with the abundance of total Anopheles species and primary malaria vectors and the EIR (P<.001). Spatial clusters of high-IgG responders were identified across space and time within study villages. Conclusions The gSG6-P1 biomarker has great potential to address the risk of transmission along the Thailand-Myanmar border and represents a promising tool to guide malaria interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phubeth Ya-Umphan
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, Montpellier, and
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, and
| | - Dominique Cerqueira
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, and
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand; and
| | - Daniel M Parker
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand; and
| | - Gilles Cottrell
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Anne Poinsignon
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, Montpellier, and
| | - Franck Remoue
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, Montpellier, and
| | - Cecile Brengues
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, Montpellier, and
| | - Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, and
- Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, and
| | - Francois Nosten
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand; and
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Corbel
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, Montpellier, and
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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25
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Londono-Renteria B, Cardenas JC, Troupin A, Colpitts TM. Natural Mosquito-Pathogen Hybrid IgG4 Antibodies in Vector-Borne Diseases: A Hypothesis. Front Immunol 2016; 7:380. [PMID: 27746778 PMCID: PMC5040711 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to antigens may favor the production of IgG4 antibodies over other antibody types. Recent studies have shown that up to a 30% of normal human IgG4 is bi-specific and is able to recognize two antigens of different nature. A requirement for this specificity is the presence of both eliciting antigens in the same time and at the same place where the immune response is induced. During transmission of most vector-borne diseases, the pathogen is delivered to the vertebrate host along with the arthropod saliva during blood feeding and previous studies have shown the existence of IgG4 antibodies against mosquito salivary allergens. However, there is very little ongoing research or information available regarding IgG4 bi-specificity with regard to infectious disease, particularly during immune responses to vector-borne diseases, such as malaria, filariasis, or dengue virus infection. Here, we provide background information and present our hypothesis that IgG4 may not only be a useful tool to measure exposure to infected mosquito bites, but that these bi-specific antibodies may also play an important role in modulation of the immune response against malaria and other vector-borne diseases in endemic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berlin Londono-Renteria
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine , Columbia, SC , USA
| | - Jenny C Cardenas
- Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Los Patios , Los Patios , Colombia
| | - Andrea Troupin
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine , Columbia, SC , USA
| | - Tonya M Colpitts
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine , Columbia, SC , USA
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Breijo M, Pastro L, Rocha S, Ures X, Alonzo P, Santos M, Bolatto C, Fernández C, Meikle A. A Natural Cattle Immune Response Against Horn Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Salivary Antigens May Regulate Parasite Blood Intake. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 109:1951-1956. [PMID: 27329632 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.), is a blood-sucking ectoparasite that is responsible for sizeable economic losses in livestock. The salivary gland products facilitate blood intake. Taking advantage of the identification of novel H. irritans salivary antigens (Hematobin, HTB and Irritans 5, IT5), we investigated the parasite loads, H. irritans blood intake, and antibody response of naturally infected bovines during the fly season. Fly loads and fly hemoglobin content fluctuated during the trial. Each time horn fly loads exceeded 200 flies per cattle, a reduction in horn fly blood intake was observed three weeks later. All of the cattle elicited an antibody response against HTB and IT5 that declined once the fly season was over. Cattle anti-IT5 titers were positively correlated with parasite loads and negatively correlated with fly blood intake. These results suggest that the natural changes in the H. irritans blood intake observed in this study were associated with a natural host response against horn fly salivary antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Breijo
- Unidad de Reactivos y Biomodelos de Experimentación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo, Uruguay (; ; ; ; )
| | - L Pastro
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - S Rocha
- Unidad de Reactivos y Biomodelos de Experimentación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo, Uruguay (; ; ; ; )
| | - X Ures
- Unidad de Reactivos y Biomodelos de Experimentación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo, Uruguay (; ; ; ; )
| | - P Alonzo
- Unidad de Reactivos y Biomodelos de Experimentación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo, Uruguay (; ; ; ; )
| | - M Santos
- Unidad de Reactivos y Biomodelos de Experimentación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo, Uruguay (; ; ; ; )
| | - C Bolatto
- Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - C Fernández
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Av. Alfredo Navarro 3051, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - A Meikle
- Laboratorio de Técnicas Nucleares, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Lasplaces 1550, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Billman ZP, Seilie AM, Murphy SC. Purification of Plasmodium Sporozoites Enhances Parasite-Specific CD8+ T Cell Responses. Infect Immun 2016; 84:2233-2242. [PMID: 27217420 PMCID: PMC4962643 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01439-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria infection caused by Plasmodium parasites continues to cause enormous morbidity and mortality in areas where it is endemic, and there is no licensed vaccine capable of inducing sterile protection. Hyperimmunization with attenuated whole sporozoites can induce sterile protective immune responses targeting preerythrocytic antigens. Most animal models of hyperimmunization rely on sporozoites dissected from mosquito salivary glands and injected without further purification. In BALB/c mice, repeated small doses of P. yoelii sporozoites progressively expand the population of sporozoite-specific CD8(+) T cells. In this study, large secondary doses of unpurified sporozoites unexpectedly led to contraction of sporozoite-specific CD8(+) T cell responses in sporozoite-primed mice. While sporozoite-primed CD8(+) T cells alternatively can be expanded by secondary exposure to Listeria monocytogenes expressing recombinant Plasmodium antigens, such expansion was potently inhibited by coinjection of large doses of unpurified sporozoites and by uninfected salivary glands alone. Purification of sporozoites away from mosquito salivary gland debris by density gradient centrifugation eliminated salivary gland-associated inhibition. Thus, the inhibitory effect appears to be due to exposure to uninfected mosquito salivary glands rather than sporozoites. To further assess the effect of salivary gland exposure on later sporozoite vaccinations, mice were immunized with uninfected salivary glands from a single mosquito. Compared to naive mice, salivary gland presensitization reduced subsequent liver burdens by 71%. These data show that a component(s) in mosquito salivary glands reduces liver infection, thereby limiting antigen dose and contributing to lower-magnitude T cell responses. These findings suggest that sporozoite immunogenicity studies be performed using purified sporozoites whenever feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary P Billman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Annette M Seilie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sean C Murphy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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28
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Yman V, White MT, Rono J, Arcà B, Osier FH, Troye-Blomberg M, Boström S, Ronca R, Rooth I, Färnert A. Antibody acquisition models: A new tool for serological surveillance of malaria transmission intensity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19472. [PMID: 26846726 PMCID: PMC4984902 DOI: 10.1038/srep19472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Serology has become an increasingly important tool for the surveillance of a wide range of infectious diseases. It has been particularly useful to monitor malaria transmission in elimination settings where existing metrics such as parasite prevalence and incidence of clinical cases are less sensitive. Seroconversion rates, based on antibody prevalence to Plasmodium falciparum asexual blood-stage antigens, provide estimates of transmission intensity that correlate with entomological inoculation rates but lack precision in settings where seroprevalence is still high. Here we present a new and widely applicable method, based on cross-sectional data on individual antibody levels. We evaluate its use as a sero-surveillance tool in a Tanzanian setting with declining malaria prevalence. We find that the newly developed mathematical models produce more precise estimates of transmission patterns, are robust in high transmission settings and when sample sizes are small, and provide a powerful tool for serological evaluation of malaria transmission intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Yman
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael T White
- MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis &Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Josea Rono
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographical Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Bruno Arcà
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Parasitology Section, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Faith H Osier
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographical Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Marita Troye-Blomberg
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Stéphanie Boström
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Raffaele Ronca
- Department of Biology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Anna Färnert
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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29
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Doucoure S, Drame PM. Salivary Biomarkers in the Control of Mosquito-Borne Diseases. INSECTS 2015; 6:961-76. [PMID: 26593952 PMCID: PMC4693181 DOI: 10.3390/insects6040961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Vector control remains the most effective measure to prevent the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases. However, the classical entomo-parasitological methods used to evaluate the human exposure to mosquito bites and the effectiveness of control strategies are indirect, labor intensive, and lack sensitivity in low exposure/transmission areas. Therefore, they are limited in their accuracy and widespread use. Studying the human antibody response against the mosquito salivary proteins has provided new biomarkers for a direct and accurate evaluation of the human exposure to mosquito bites, at community and individual levels. In this review, we discuss the development, applications and limits of these biomarkers applied to Aedes- and Anopheles-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souleymane Doucoure
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE) UM63: CNRS7278-IRD 198-INSERM U1095 Campus IRD-UCAD, BP 1386, Dakar 18524, Sénégal.
| | - Papa Makhtar Drame
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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30
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Coutinho-Abreu IV, Guimaraes-Costa AB, Valenzuela JG. Impact of Insect Salivary Proteins in Blood Feeding, Host Immunity, Disease, and in the Development of Biomarkers for Vector Exposure. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2015; 10:98-103. [PMID: 26339571 PMCID: PMC4553692 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Functional genomic approaches based on expression of recombinant proteins linked to biochemical and disease model approaches resulted in the discovery of novel biological activities and the role some of these proteins play in disease transmission. Importantly, the expression of salivary proteins was recently shown to be affected by environmental factors and by the presence of the pathogen in the salivary gland. A practical application resulting from insect saliva research is the use of insect antigenic salivary protein as biomarkers of vector exposure in humans and animal reservoirs, an approach that is yielding interesting results in the field.
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31
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Marie A, Ronca R, Poinsignon A, Lombardo F, Drame PM, Cornelie S, Besnard P, Le Mire J, Fiorentino G, Fortes F, Carnevale P, Remoue F, Arcà B. The Anopheles gambiae cE5 salivary protein: a sensitive biomarker to evaluate the efficacy of insecticide-treated nets in malaria vector control. Microbes Infect 2015; 17:409-16. [PMID: 25637950 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of vector control is crucial for improving malaria containment and, according to World Health Organization, new complementary indicators would be very valuable. In this study the IgG response to the Anopheles-specific cE5 salivary protein was tested as a tool to evaluate the efficacy of insecticide-treated nets in reducing human exposure to malaria vectors. Sera collected during a longitudinal study carried out in Angola, and including entomological and parasitological data, were used to assess the IgG response to the Anopheles gambiae cE5 in both children and adults, before and after the application of insecticide-treated nets. Seasonal fluctuation of specific IgG antibody levels according to exposure was only found in children (up to ≈ 14 years old) whose anti-cE5 IgG response dropped after bed nets installation. These results were fully consistent with previous findings obtained with the same set of sera and indicating a substantial reduction of human-vector contact shortly after nets implementation. Overall, children IgG response to the cE5 protein appeared a very sensitive biomarker, which allowed for the detection of even weak exposure to Anopheles bites, indicating it may represent a reliable additional tool to evaluate the efficacy of vector control interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Marie
- MIVEGEC, UMR IRD-224 CNRS-5290 UM1-UM2, 911 Av. Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Raffaele Ronca
- Department of Biology, "Federico II" University, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Anne Poinsignon
- MIVEGEC, UMR IRD-224 CNRS-5290 UM1-UM2, 911 Av. Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Fabrizio Lombardo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Parasitology Section, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Papa M Drame
- MIVEGEC, UMR IRD-224 CNRS-5290 UM1-UM2, 911 Av. Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Sylvie Cornelie
- MIVEGEC, UMR IRD-224 CNRS-5290 UM1-UM2, 911 Av. Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; MIVEGEC-IRD-CREC, 01 BP44 RP Cotonou, Benin
| | | | | | - Gabriella Fiorentino
- Department of Biology, "Federico II" University, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Filomeno Fortes
- Malaria Control Program, Ministry of Public Health, Luanda, Angola
| | | | - Franck Remoue
- MIVEGEC, UMR IRD-224 CNRS-5290 UM1-UM2, 911 Av. Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Bruno Arcà
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Parasitology Section, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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