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Lewis CL, Shefelbine SJ. Lost in research translation: Female athletes are not male athletes, especially at the hip. J Orthop Res 2024; 42:2054-2060. [PMID: 38644357 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Altered shape of the proximal femur (cam morphology) or acetabulum (pincer morphology) is indicative of femoroacetabular impingement, which can result in hip pain and osteoarthritis of the hip. As mechanical load during growth affects the resulting bone shape, there is strong evidence in males that cam morphology develops during skeletal growth while physes are open, rather than as an adaptation after growth plates are closed (skeletal maturity). This adaptation is particularly evident in athletes who participate at elite levels prior to skeletal maturity. The research providing this evidence, however, has primarily focused on male athletes. Despite the lack of inclusion in the research, females consistently comprise two thirds of the clinical and surgical populations with structural hip pain or pathology. Knowledge gained from male-dominated cohorts may not appropriately transfer to female athletes, especially at the hip. This perspectives article briefly reviews differences between females and males in femoral and acetabular structure, hormones, timing of puberty/maturation, hypermobility, activity level and movement control-factors which affect hip structure development and loading. Without female-focused research, the application of research findings from male athletes to female athletes may lead to ineffective or even inappropriate recommendations and treatments. Thus, there is a critical need for investment in research to promote life-long hip health for females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara L Lewis
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sargent College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sandra J Shefelbine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering and Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Stroesser K, Mulcaster A, Andrews DM. Pickleball Participation and the Health and Well-Being of Adults-A Scoping Review. J Phys Act Health 2024; 21:847-860. [PMID: 39025467 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2024-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pickleball has grown tremendously in recent years, yet little evidence exists regarding pickleball-related injuries. This scoping review extends current work on pickleball participation by identifying positive and negative health effects associated with the sport. We summarize how pickleball impacts the health and well-being of adult participants. METHODS Searches were conducted on MEDLINE, CINAHL, ProQuest Nursing, ERIC, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, Scopus, CBCA Complete, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Selected studies considered aspects of health and/or well-being of adult pickleball participants. Using the population/concept/context framework, participants were healthy, able-bodied adults 18 years of age or over, who had played pickleball at least once. The positive and negative outcomes of pickleball on participants' health and well-being (concept) within the context of pickleball participation were examined. Full-text articles written in English since 2013 were included. Extracted data were tabulated, and a descriptive summary with thematic analysis was completed. RESULTS This scoping review comprised 27 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Pickleball is promising as an exercise intervention for all adults, and there is evidence of positive social and psychological effects, and health and fitness benefits to participating in pickleball by older adults. CONCLUSIONS Although we are still in the early stages of studying pickleball, there have been some documented health benefits of using the sport as a physical exercise intervention for adults. More research is needed on the types, prevalence, and severity of pickleball injuries and the sport's impact on younger players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Stroesser
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
- Athletic Therapy, St Clair College, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Adam Mulcaster
- Leddy Library, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - David M Andrews
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
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Miralles-Iborra A, Del Coso J, De Los Ríos-Calonge J, Elvira JLL, Barbado D, Urban T, Moreno-Pérez V. Deceleration Capacity During Directional Change as a Time-Efficient (Ecological) Prescreening of Hip Adductor Force Status in Amateur Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res 2024:00124278-990000000-00520. [PMID: 39178060 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Miralles-Iborra, A, Del Coso, J, De Los Ríos-Calonge, J, Elvira, JLL, Barbado, D, Urban, T, and Moreno-Pérez, V. Deceleration capacity during directional change as a time-efficient (ecological) prescreening of hip adductor force status in amateur soccer players. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-Reduced isometric adductor muscle strength has been identified as a modifiable risk factor contributing to injury in soccer players. However, the measurement of hip adductor muscle strength is habitually laboratory-based, with isolated hip movements that do not reflect soccer-specific movements that induce groin injury during match play. This study aimed to determine the usefulness of deceleration capacity during a change of direction (COD) as a time-efficient (ecological) prescreening of hip adductor force status in soccer players. Nineteen amateur soccer players completed unilateral isometric hip adductor strength assessments and a 180° COD test. Isometric hip strength assessment included the maximum peak torque (PT) and maximum rate of torque development (RTDmax) relative to players' body mass. Players' deceleration capacity during the COD test was determined for each leg through maximum deceleration normalized to the linear momentum. A linear regression analysis was performed to associate isometric hip strength variables with the deceleration capacity during the COD test at each leg. There was not a statistically significant association between deceleration capacity and hip isometric maximum PT of the dominant and nondominant legs (r ≤ 0.14, p > 0.05). Nevertheless, a moderate association was found between deceleration capacity and RTDmax for both legs (r ≥ 0.58, p < 0.05). The optimal linear regression model suggests that measuring deceleration capacity during a directional change test could explain RTDmax by 33 and 43% for the dominant and nondominant legs, respectively. During a 180° COD test, the deceleration capacity captured through GPS-accelerometer device was limited as a prescreening tool to evaluate hip adductor force status in soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Miralles-Iborra
- Department of Sport Sciences, Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Juan Del Coso
- Sport Sciences Research Center, Rey Juan Carlos University, Fuenlabrada, Spain
| | - Javier De Los Ríos-Calonge
- Department of Sport Sciences, Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Jose L L Elvira
- Department of Sport Sciences, Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - David Barbado
- Department of Sport Sciences, Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL Foundation), Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain; and
| | - Tomas Urban
- Department of Sport Sciences, Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Victor Moreno-Pérez
- Department of Sport Sciences, Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain
- Department of Pathology and Surgery, Center for Translational Research in Physiotherapy, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, San Joan, Spain
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Ramos AP, de Mesquita RS, Migliorini F, Maffulli N, Okubo R. FIFA 11+ KIDS in the prevention of soccer injuries in children: a systematic review. J Orthop Surg Res 2024; 19:413. [PMID: 39026353 PMCID: PMC11264619 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04876-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The "FIFA 11+" is an injury prevention program conceived for soccer athletes aged over 14. The use of FIFA 11+ Kids in soccer was associated with a reduction of the overall risk of injuries in children by 48%, and of 74% for serious injuries. However, to the best of our knowledge, a systematic review of the literature on the effects of FIFA 11+ Kids is still missing. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to ascertain the benefits of the "FIFA 11+ KIDS" program in children who practice soccer. METHODS This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA recommendations and prospectively registered in PROSPERO. The electronic search was conducted in the following databases: Web of Science, PubMed, Medline via Ovid, EMBASE and SportDiscuss via EBSCO. Database searches were performed in January 2024. This review included studies that evaluated the effects of the "FIFA 11+ KIDS" program. Eligible studies had to describe program implementation and the mean age of the children. RESULTS A total of 11 articles were included in this systematic review from a pool of 8513 articles screened across various databases. These articles involved over 10,000 young participants from 8 countries, primarily aged 7-14 years, with the majority being soccer athletes. Study quality varied, with four categorized as high, four as good, and three as fair quality. Objectives varied across studies, with four focusing on FIFA 11+ Kids' efficacy in injury prevention, five examining its impact on performance and physical abilities, and two assessing its effects on children's focus and attention skills. Notably, injury prevention studies reported around a 50% reduction in overall injuries and nearly 60% in severe injuries, with a dose-response relationship observed with increased weekly sessions. Significant improvements were noted in physical and functional tests such as the Y balance, jump tests, and various soccer skills, along with positive effects on children's focus and attention, as indicated by 13-18% improvements in Attention Scale for Elementary School Children (ASESC) scores. CONCLUSION The FIFA 11+ KIDS injury prevention program appears to be effective in reducing injuries in young football players. This can positively influence player and team overall performance and might support the long-term athlete development of these young athletes. These findings highlight the importance and necessity of injury prevention in young athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Ramos
- Departament of Physiotherapy, University of South of Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Raphael Schmidt de Mesquita
- Physical Therapy Graduate Program, Department of Physiotherapy, University of the State of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Filippo Migliorini
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Academic Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), Via Lorenz Böhler 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
- Department of Life Sciences, Health, and Health Professions, Link Campus University, 00165, Rome, Italy.
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke on Trent, ST4 7QB, England
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Hospital, London, E1 4DG, England
| | - Rodrigo Okubo
- Physical Therapy Graduate Program, Department of Physiotherapy, University of the State of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Plakoutsis G, Tsepis E, Fousekis K, Paraskevopoulos E, Papandreou M. The Effects of Motor Imagery on Static and Dynamic Balance and on the Fear of Re-Injury in Professional Football Players with Grade II Ankle Sprains. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1432. [PMID: 39057575 PMCID: PMC11276660 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12141432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lateral ankle sprains are one of the most frequent athletic injuries in football, causing deficits in balance. Motor Imagery (MI) has been successively included in sports rehabilitation as a complementary therapeutic intervention. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of MI on static and dynamic balance and on the fear of re-injury in professional football players with Grade II ankle sprains. Fifty-eight participants were randomly allocated into two groups: First-MI group (n = 29) and second-Placebo group (n = 29), and they each received six intervention sessions. The first MI group received MI guidance in addition to the balance training program, while the second Placebo group received only relaxation guidance. One-way ANOVA showed statistically significant results for all variables, both before and 4 weeks after the interventions for both groups. The t-test showed statistically significant differences between the two groups for static balance for the right lower extremity (t = 3.25, S (two-tailed) = 0.002, p < 0.05) and also for heart rate (final value) in all time phases. Further research is needed in order to establish MI interventions in sports trauma recovery using stronger MI treatments in combination with psychophysiological factors associated with sports rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Plakoutsis
- Laboratory of Advanced Physiotherapy, Department of Physiotherapy, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Elias Tsepis
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Patras, 26504 Patra, Greece
| | | | - Eleftherios Paraskevopoulos
- Laboratory of Advanced Physiotherapy, Department of Physiotherapy, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Papandreou
- Laboratory of Advanced Physiotherapy, Department of Physiotherapy, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
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Chesterton P, Wright M, Liddle N, Hardin S, Richards S, Draper G. Practitioners' perspective of non-contact injury risk factors and injury prevention programming in professional North American male soccer. Phys Ther Sport 2024; 68:51-59. [PMID: 38935993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate non-contact injury prevention strategies of professional men's soccer clubs in elite North American league soccer. To understand the application, perceived effectiveness and barriers to implementation. DESIGN Online cross-Sectional Study. SETTING North American elite soccer teams. PARTICIPANTS 96 medical and performance support staff of elite North American teams. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The survey consisted of 20 questions and captured 1) practitioners' demographics; 2) perceptions of risk factors; 3) the use of assessment and monitoring strategies; and 4) perceptions of the implementation of injury prevention programmes'. RESULTS Injury prevention programmes were perceived as 'effective' (Median 4, Interquartile range 4-4) and reduced injury rates (n = 94, 98%, 95 CI% 93 to 99). A range of potential risk factors were rated as "very important" (4.58 ± 0.52 Likert scale points; mean ± standard deviation). A multi-disciplinary approach to the design, application and monitoring of programmes was generally adopted. Competing training priorities (n = 75, 78%, 95 CI% 69 to 85) and game schedules (n = 71, 74%, 95 CI% 64 to 82) were the most prevalent barriers to injury prevention implementation. CONCLUSIONS Injury prevention programmes were perceived as effective in reducing non-contact injuries. Managing the conflicting priorities between scheduling training, tactical and conditioning goals were considered the key barriers to desired implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Chesterton
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Borough Road, Tees Valley, TS1 3BA, United Kingdom.
| | - Matthew Wright
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Borough Road, Tees Valley, TS1 3BA, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan Liddle
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Borough Road, Tees Valley, TS1 3BA, United Kingdom
| | - Stacey Hardin
- Laurus Athletic Rehab & Performance, Roseville, MN, 55113, USA
| | | | - Garrison Draper
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Borough Road, Tees Valley, TS1 3BA, United Kingdom; Inter Miami CF, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 33309, USA
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Lutz D, van den Berg C, Räisänen AM, Shill IJ, Kim J, Vaandering K, Hayden A, Pasanen K, Schneider KJ, Emery CA, Owoeye OBA. Best practices for the dissemination and implementation of neuromuscular training injury prevention warm-ups in youth team sport: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med 2024; 58:615-625. [PMID: 38684329 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-106906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate best practices for neuromuscular training (NMT) injury prevention warm-up programme dissemination and implementation (D&I) in youth team sports, including characteristics, contextual predictors and D&I strategy effectiveness. DESIGN Systematic review. DATA SOURCES Seven databases were searched. ELIGIBILITY The literature search followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. INCLUSION CRITERIA participation in a team sport, ≥70% youth participants (<19 years), D&I outcomes with/without NMT-related D&I strategies. The risk of bias was assessed using the Downs & Black checklist. RESULTS Of 8334 identified papers, 68 were included. Sport participants included boys, girls and coaches. Top sports were soccer, basketball and rugby. Study designs included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) (29.4%), cross-sectional (23.5%) and quasi-experimental studies (13.2%). The median Downs & Black score was 14/33. Injury prevention effectiveness (vs efficacy) was rarely (8.3%) prioritised across the RCTs evaluating NMT programmes. Two RCTs (2.9%) used Type 2/3 hybrid approaches to investigate D&I strategies. 19 studies (31.6%) used D&I frameworks/models. Top barriers were time restrictions, lack of buy-in/support and limited benefit awareness. Top facilitators were comprehensive workshops and resource accessibility. Common D&I strategies included Workshops with supplementary Resources (WR; n=24) and Workshops with Resources plus in-season Personnel support (WRP; n=14). WR (70%) and WRP (64%) were similar in potential D&I effect. WR and WRP had similar injury reduction (36-72%) with higher adherence showing greater effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS Workshops including supplementary resources supported the success of NMT programme implementation, however, few studies examined effectiveness. High-quality D&I studies are needed to optimise the translation of NMT programmes into routine practice in youth sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Destiny Lutz
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carla van den Berg
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anu M Räisänen
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy Education - Oregon, Western University of Health Sciences College of Health Sciences - Northwest, Lebanon, Oregon, USA
| | - Isla J Shill
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jemma Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy & Athletic Training, Doisy College of Health Sciences, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Biomechanics and Movement Science, University of Delaware College of Health Sciences, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Kenzie Vaandering
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alix Hayden
- Libraries and Cultural Resources, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kati Pasanen
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Tampere Research Center for Sports Medicine, Ukk Instituutti, Tampere, Finland
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Chilrden's Hopsital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kathryn J Schneider
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Chilrden's Hopsital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Sport Medicine Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carolyn A Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Chilrden's Hopsital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Oluwatoyosi B A Owoeye
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy & Athletic Training, Doisy College of Health Sciences, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
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Naughton M, Salmon PM, McLean S. Where do we intervene to optimize sports systems? Leverage Points the way. J Sports Sci 2024; 42:566-573. [PMID: 38767324 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2352681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Sport and sports research are inherently complex systems. This appears to be somewhat at odds with the current research paradigm in sport in which interventions are aimed are fixing or solving singular broken components within the system. In any complex system, such as sport, there are places where we can intervene to change behaviour and, ideally, system outcomes. Meadows influential work describes 12 different points with which to intervene in complex systems (termed "Leverage Points"), which are ordered from shallow to deeper based on their potential effectiveness to influence transformational change. Whether research in sport is aimed at shallow or deeper Leverage Points is unknown. This study aimed to assess highly impactful research in sports science, sports nutrition/metabolism, sports medicine, sport and exercise psychology, sports management, motor control, sports biomechanics and sports policy/law through a Leverage Points lens. The 10 most highly cited original-research manuscripts from each journal representing these fields were analysed for the Leverage Point with which the intervention described in the manuscript was focused. The results indicate that highly impactful research in sports science, sports nutrition/metabolism, sports biomechanics and sports medicine is predominantly focused at the shallow end of the Leverage Points hierarchy. Conversely, the interventions drawn from journals representing sports management and sports policy/law were focused on the deeper end. Other journals analysed had a mixed profile. Explanations for these findings include the dual practitioner/academic needing to "think fast" to solve immediate questions in sports science/medicine/nutrition, limited engagement with "working slow" systems and method experts and differences in incremental vs. non-incremental research strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Naughton
- School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
- Applied Sports Science and Exercise Testing Laboratory, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul M Salmon
- Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Scott McLean
- Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
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Mainer-Pardos E, Villavicencio Álvarez VE, Moreno-Apellaniz N, Gutiérrez-Logroño A, Calero-Morales S. Effects of a neuromuscular training program on the performance and inter-limb asymmetries in highly trained junior male tennis players. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27081. [PMID: 38439841 PMCID: PMC10909755 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of neuromuscular training on the performance of highly trainer junior tennis players. Methods Twelve male tennis players (age: 13.4 ± 0.36 years; weight: 50.2 ± 6.29 kg; height: 163 ± 4.41 cm) participated and were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group (EG) performed neuromuscular training that included exercises for speed, strength, throws, agility, jumps and coordination twice a week for a duration of 10 weeks. Performance was evaluated using various variables, including bilateral and unilateral countermovement jump, 30 cm drop jump and horizontal jump, 505 change of direction test conducted with both the right and left legs, 20-m sprint, and overhead 3 kg medicine ball throw. Asymmetries were also evaluated during the unilateral tests. The impact of the training was assessed through the utilization of ANCOVA tests and effect size measurements. Results The results indicated a significant enhancement in the EG, specifically in bilateral vertical jump and horizontal jump, as well as explosive strength and speed. Conversely, the control group (CG) did not display similar advancements. Furthermore, there was no increase in asymmetries. Conclusion This suggests that the implementation of a neuromuscular training program could prove to be an effective approach in enhancing explosive power in the lower limbs among young competitive tennis players. Finally, this training program could contribute to the enhancement of their physical attributes in lower body of young tennis players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Mainer-Pardos
- University of San Jorge, Autov A23 km 299, 50830, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Santiago Calero-Morales
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE, Quito, 171103, Ecuador
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10
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Škomrlj J, Modrić T, Sekulić D, Bandalović A, Turić A, Bećir B, Veršić Š. Longitudinal analysis of the incidence rate of injury in elite youth football: Trends over six years including the COVID-19 pandemic period. Phys Ther Sport 2024; 66:85-92. [PMID: 38359730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to analyze injury trends and the possible effects of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on the incidence rates of injury in young elite football players. DESIGN A prospective cohort study design was adopted. PARTICIPANTS Our study included 832 male football players who suffered an injury during any of the six competitive seasons. SETTING An elite youth football academy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Descriptive data and the incidence of injury were calculated. A generalized linear mixed model was used to assess differences in the occurrence of injury among the various age groups. Joinpoint regression was used to analyze injury trends. RESULTS Joinpoint regression models showed a statistically significant decrease in the incidence of injury in all age groups with an average annual percent change (AAPC) of 13.9 (95 %Confidence Interval [CI]:-23.2 - 3.4) and -13.5 (95 %CI:-24.5 to -0.9) for models with zero and one joinpoint, respectively. Football players in older age groups sustain a higher number of injuries, probably due to a higher number of matches and greater training intensity. CONCLUSION This study showed a downward trend in injuries in the participants prior to the pandemic, with an evident increase in the incidence rate of injury during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakša Škomrlj
- HNK Hajduk Split, Split, 21000, Croatia; University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Split, 21000, Croatia.
| | - Toni Modrić
- University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Split, 21000, Croatia; High Performance Sport Center, Croatian Olympic Committee, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.
| | - Damir Sekulić
- University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Split, 21000, Croatia; High Performance Sport Center, Croatian Olympic Committee, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.
| | - Ante Bandalović
- HNK Hajduk Split, Split, 21000, Croatia; University Hospital Split, Surgery Clinic, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, 21000, Split, Croatia.
| | - Ante Turić
- HNK Hajduk Split, Split, 21000, Croatia; University Hospital Split, Surgery Clinic, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, 21000, Split, Croatia.
| | | | - Šime Veršić
- HNK Hajduk Split, Split, 21000, Croatia; University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Split, 21000, Croatia; High Performance Sport Center, Croatian Olympic Committee, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.
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Liddle N, Taylor JM, Chesterton P, Atkinson G. The Effects of Exercise-Based Injury Prevention Programmes on Injury Risk in Adult Recreational Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2024; 54:645-658. [PMID: 37889449 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01950-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injuries are common in adult recreational athletes. Exercise-based injury prevention programmes offer the potential to reduce the risk of injury and have been a popular research topic. Yet, syntheses and meta-analyses on the effects of exercise-based injury prevention programmes for adult recreational athletes are lacking. OBJECTIVES We aimed to synthesise and quantify the pooled intervention effects of exercise-based injury prevention programmes delivered to adults who participate in recreation sports. METHODS Studies were eligible for inclusion if they included adult recreational athletes (aged > 16 years), an exercise-based intervention and used a randomised controlled trial design. Exclusion criteria were studies without a control group, studies using a non-randomised design and studies including participants who were undertaking activity mandatory for their occupation. Eleven literature databases were searched from earliest record, up to 9 June, 2022. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was used to assess the risk of bias in all included studies. Reported risk statistics were synthesised in a random-effects meta-analysis to quantify pooled treatment effects and associated 95% confidence intervals and prediction intervals. RESULTS Sixteen studies met the criteria. Risk statistics were reported as risk ratios [RRs] (n = 12) or hazard ratios [HRs] (n = 4). Pooled estimates of RRs and HRs were 0.94 (95% confidence interval 0.80-1.09) and 0.65 (95% confidence interval 0.39-1.08), respectively. Prediction intervals were 0.80-1.09 and 0.16-2.70 for RR and HR, respectively. Heterogeneity was very low for RR studies, but high for HR studies (tau = 0.29, I2 = 81%). There was evidence of small study effects for RR studies, evidenced by funnel plot asymmetry and Egger's test for small study bias: - 0.99 (CI - 2.08 to 0.10, p = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS Pooled point estimates were suggestive of a reduced risk of injury in intervention groups. Nevertheless, these risk estimates were insufficiently precise, too heterogeneous and potentially compromised by small study effects to arrive at any robust conclusion. More large-scale studies are required to clarify whether exercise-based injury prevention programmes are effective in adult recreational athletes. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The protocol for this review was prospectively registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42021232697).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Liddle
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BA, UK.
| | - Jonathan M Taylor
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BA, UK
| | - Paul Chesterton
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BA, UK
| | - Greg Atkinson
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Merseyside, UK
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12
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Miralles-Iborra A, Elvira JLL, Del Coso J, Hernandez-Sanchez S, Pino-Ortega J, Moreno-Pérez V. Influence of a football match on landing biomechanics and jump performance in female football players. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14518. [PMID: 37828778 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the acute effect of a competitive football match on jump performance and kinematic parameters during jump landing in semiprofessional female football players. Twenty-two semiprofessional players (20 ± 3 years) underwent a drop jump task for a posterior video analysis of the landing phase. These measurements were obtained at (1) baseline, (2) after, and (3) 48 h after a competitive football match. A one-way ANOVA with repeated measures was employed to detect differences over the time. There was a main effect of time for maximal knee flexion angle during drop landing (p = 0.001). In comparison with baseline, maximal knee flexion angle was reduced immediately post-match and was still reduced 48 h after the match (63.4 ± 8.6 vs 57.0 ± 11.7 vs 48.9 ± 19.1, p ≤ 0.038). There was also a main effect of time for drop jump height (p < 0.001). Drop jump height was reduced immediately post-match and remained low 48 h after the match in comparison with baseline (27.3 ± 3.6 vs 24.5 ± 2.8 ~ 25.5 ± 3.0 cm, p ≤ 0.002). There was a main effect of time on hip flexion angle during landing (p = 0.001), but the pairwise comparison revealed that this variable was not affected immediately post-match but was lower 48 h after the match than at baseline (50.1 ± 10.1 ~ 50.8 ± 13.2 vs 38.1 ± 17.8 °, p ≤ 0.005). A competitive football match worsened jump performance and several landing biomechanical parameters in female football players, which were still decreased in comparison with baseline even 48 h after the match.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Miralles-Iborra
- Sports Research Centre (Department of Sport Sciences), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jose L L Elvira
- Sports Research Centre (Department of Sport Sciences), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Juan Del Coso
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, Fuenlabrada, Spain
| | - Sergio Hernandez-Sanchez
- Traslational Research Centre of Physiotherapy, Department of Pathology and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jose Pino-Ortega
- Physical Activity and Sports Department, International Excellence Campus "Mare Nostrum", Faculty of Sports Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Victor Moreno-Pérez
- Sports Research Centre (Department of Sport Sciences), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
- Traslational Research Centre of Physiotherapy, Department of Pathology and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain
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13
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Guagliano JM, Hliounakis H, El Masri A, Kolt GS, George ES. Determining priority areas for health promotion amongst Australian professional sporting organisations. J Sci Med Sport 2024; 27:30-36. [PMID: 37923649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Professional sporting organisations (PSOs) are well-positioned to promote health through their reach and standing within communities. However, the health promotion (HP) priority areas of interest of PSOs are unknown. The objectives of this study were to: identify HP priority areas amongst Australian PSOs and explore the development, implementation, and evaluation of HP programming within the identified priority areas. DESIGN Delphi procedure with qualitative interviews. METHODS Participants were community-focussed employees from PSOs across Australia. To identify HP priory areas, three rounds of surveys were used in a Delphi procedure. Participants were then invited to participate in semi-structured interviews focussed on the development, implementation, and evaluation of HP programmes. RESULTS Of the 103 community employees invited to participate in the Delphi, 28 participated in at least one round and 16 completed all rounds. Overall, HP priorities fell under five main areas: access/participation in sport; general HP; physical activity promotion; community, culture, and inclusion; and support for HP initiatives. Eleven interviews were conducted, and central themes included needing support with programme design and evaluation, and the need to build employee capacity and greater inter-organisational collaboration. CONCLUSIONS This study determined HP priority areas amongst PSOs using a consensus-generating approach. Interview findings demonstrated that community-focussed employees are committed to delivering HP programmes, but encounter difficulty with funding, employee capacity, and programme design and evaluation expertise. The findings from these interviews reveal potential avenues of collaboration between organisations that can provide expertise in design and evaluation and sporting organisations for HP programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Guagliano
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Australia; Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Australia.
| | | | - Aymen El Masri
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Australia; Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Australia
| | - Gregory S Kolt
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Australia
| | - Emma S George
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Australia; Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Australia
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14
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Partenheimer A, Warnhoff M, Lill H. [Management of muscle trauma in popular sports]. UNFALLCHIRURGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 126:895-903. [PMID: 37870560 DOI: 10.1007/s00113-023-01377-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Muscle injuries make up the majority of injuries in popular sports. The causes for the development are multifactorial and can be divided into functional disorders and a lack of knowledge regarding training control. Insufficient warm-up and overtraining both increase the danger of the occurrence of the injury. Knowledge of the different types of muscle injuries and their incorporation into an exact classification enable the establishment of a correct treatment plan and can have a positive influence on the healing process. In addition to acute treatment the knowledge and application of preventive programs are necessary as these can significantly reduce the prevalence of muscle injuries in sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Partenheimer
- Spine & Sport, Herrenhäuser Kirchweg 38, 30167, Hannover, Deutschland.
- Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, DIAKOVERE Friederikenstift, Hannover, Deutschland.
| | | | - Helmut Lill
- Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, DIAKOVERE Friederikenstift, Hannover, Deutschland
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15
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Teixeira J, Krustrup P, Castagna C, Mohr M, Ascensão A, Pereira R, Carneiro I, Coelho E, Martins S, Guimarães JT, Oliveira R, Póvoas S. Recreational futsal provides broad-spectrum fitness and health benefits but no blood pressure effects in men with treated hypertension - a randomised controlled trial. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:1824-1836. [PMID: 38204141 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2300568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
We determined the coadjuvant effect of a recreational futsal (RF) programme versus standard care alone (CON) in men with treated arterial hypertension (TAHT). Thirty-nine men with TAHT were randomised to RF (N = 20; 48 ± 8 years; systolic blood pressure [SBP]: 122 ± 14 mmHg) with 2-3 one-hour sessions/week for 3 months, or to CON (N = 19; 51 ± 6 years; SBP: 126 ± 13 mmHg). Participants were assessed at baseline, at 3 months, and after 1 month of training cessation (4 months). Mean training attendance was 60 ± 23%. At 3-months, there were no between-group differences in BP parameters (SBP: 0.44 mmHg; 95% CI: -5.79, 6.67). However, compared to CON, RF was effective for peak oxygen uptake (2.76 mL.min-1.kg-1; 95% CI: 0.26, 5.26), time to exhaustion (1.15 min; 95% CI: 0.59, 1.69), Yo-Yo IE1 performance (365 m; 95% CI: 175, 556), resting heart rate (RHR; -5 b.min-1; 95% CI: -10, -1), glycated haemoglobin (-0.52 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.84, -0.19), blood glucose (-0.25 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.44, -0.06), left femur bone mineral content (1.96 g; 95% CI: 0.29, 3.65), and postural balance (-2.3 falls; 95% CI: -3.9, -0.6). Similar findings were observed after 1-month of training cessation, except for RHR and blood glucose that returned to baseline levels in the RF group. In conclusion, RF provides broad-spectrum fitness and health benefits but no BP effects in men with TAHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Teixeira
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Maia, Maia, Portugal
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environment Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Carlo Castagna
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Exercise and Health Sciences, Carlo Bo Urbino University, Urbino, Italy
| | - Magni Mohr
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Centre of Health Science, Faculty of Health, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - António Ascensão
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Pereira
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- University of Maia, Maia, Portugal
| | - Ivone Carneiro
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Maia, Maia, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Coelho
- Porto Sports Medicine Center (IPDJ, IP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Martins
- Department of Clinical Pathology, São João University Hospital Centre and EPI Unit-ISPUP, Public Health Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - João Tiago Guimarães
- Department of Clinical Pathology, São João University Hospital Centre and EPI Unit-ISPUP, Public Health Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Susana Póvoas
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Maia, Maia, Portugal
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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16
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Conley CW, Stone AV, Hawk GS, Thompson KL, Ireland ML, Johnson DL, Noehren BW, Jacobs CA. Prevalence and Predictors of Postoperative Depression and Anxiety After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Cureus 2023; 15:e45714. [PMID: 37868374 PMCID: PMC10590164 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Preoperative mood disorders influence postoperative outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR), but the prevalence and risk factors associated with postoperative depression/anxiety development remain unknown. The purposes of this study were to quantify the prevalence of postoperative diagnoses of depression or anxiety following ACLR in patients under the age of 25 and assess the interplay between patient sex and ACL reoperation on the prevalence of a depression or anxiety diagnosis following ACLR. METHODS ACLR patients under the age of 25 years old were identified in the Truven Healthcare Marketscan database. Patients with incomplete coverage +/- one year of the index surgical procedure were excluded. Patients were categorized by the presence of preoperative, postoperative, or no depression/anxiety using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes. We compared patient demographics and reoperation rates following the index ACLR between the depression and anxiety categories. Additionally, logistic regression was fit to assess the interaction between sex and either ipsilateral or contralateral ACL surgery on postoperative depression/anxiety diagnosis. RESULTS Of the 42,174 patients, 10.7% had a new depression/anxiety diagnosis after ACLR. Postoperative depression/anxiety was nearly twice as prevalent for females (F: 14.4%, M: 7.6%) despite having similar rates of secondary ACLR (F: 15.5%, M: 13.0%). Those with postoperative depression/anxiety had a considerably greater prevalence of reoperation (18.8%) than those without depression/anxiety (13.7%) and those with pre-existing preoperative depression/anxiety (12.9%). Sex and reoperation were independently associated with postoperative depression/anxiety diagnosis. CONCLUSION Female sex and secondary ACL surgery are independently associated with an increased prevalence of postoperative depression/anxiety. Nearly one in seven young females are diagnosed with depression/anxiety after ACLR. Similarly, a greater proportion of patients who suffer a secondary ACL surgery are subsequently diagnosed with depression/anxiety. The orthopedic community must be cognizant of the increased risk of postoperative depression/anxiety for females and those who suffer a secondary ACL surgery, and screening for depression/anxiety in these at-risk populations with referrals to mental health professionals may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin W Conley
- Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Austin V Stone
- Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | | | | | - Mary L Ireland
- Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Darren L Johnson
- Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | | | - Cale A Jacobs
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
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17
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Silvers-Granelli H, Bizzini M, Mandelbaum B, Arundale A, Pohlig R, Snyder-Mackler L. High Compliance with the 11+ Injury Prevention Program Results in Better Win-Loss Records. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2023; 18:1065-1075. [PMID: 37795333 PMCID: PMC10547084 DOI: 10.26603/001c.87502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The 11+ injury prevention program (IPP) has been shown to decrease injury rates. However, few studies have investigated compliance and its overall relationship to team performance. Hypothesis/Purpose To examine if level of compliance while implementing the 11+ would impact team performance outcomes (wins, losses and ties). The authors hypothesized that higher team compliance to the IPP would be consistent with improved overall team performance (more wins and fewer losses). Study Design Prospective, cluster randomized controlled trial. Methods This study was conducted in NCAA men's soccer teams for one season and examined the efficacy of the 11+ IPP. The outcome variables examined were levels of compliance and team performance record: wins, losses, and ties. Twenty-seven teams (n=675 players) served as the intervention group (IG) and used the 11+ program while 34 teams (n=850 players) served as the control group (CG). Compliance and team performance were recorded. There were three compliance categories that were defined prospectively, low (LC, < 1 dose/week), moderate (MC, >1 and <2 doses/week), and high (HC, >2 doses/week). Descriptive and inferential tests were used to compare the CG, the IG, and compliance to team performance. Three independent t-tests were used to analyze outcome to group (IG vs. CG). A one way-MANOVA test was used to analyze compliance to win/loss/tie record, followed up by one-way ANOVA tests to analyze how compliance impacted wins, losses and ties, independently. Partial η2 measures were calculated to determine the effect size of level of compliance on outcome. A Tukey post-hoc analysis was used to analyze specific differences between levels of compliance and specific outcome measures. Results There were significantly more wins (IG: 10.67±2.63 versus CG: 8.15±3.83, CI, 7.95 - 9.69, p = 0.005) and fewer losses (IG: 5.56±1.97 versus CG: 8.12±3.59, CI, 5.66 to 7.43, p = 0.002) recorded for the teams using the 11+ program. There was a statistically significant difference between levels of compliance (high, moderate or low) on the dependent variables (wins, losses, and ties), F(3, 22) = 3.780, p =0.004; Wilks' Λ = .435; partial η2 = .340. Conclusion The 11+ has the capacity to improve overall team performance in male collegiate soccer teams. The higher the compliance, the more favorable the team performance. This research may be a vital addition when attempting to persuade coaching staffs to adopt an IPP into their training regimen. Level of Evidence Level I.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bert Mandelbaum
- Orthopaedic Surgery Cedars-Sinai Kerlan-Jobe Institute - Santa Monica
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18
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Dillon S, Burke A, Whyte EF, O’Connor S, Gore S, Moran KA. Running towards injury? A prospective investigation of factors associated with running injuries. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288814. [PMID: 37590281 PMCID: PMC10434952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the high incidence and heavy burden of running related injuries, large-scale, prospective multifactorial investigations examining potential risk factors are warranted. This study aimed to identify factors associated with running related injuries and to evaluate their potential in injury screening. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred and seventy-four recreational runners were recruited. Clinical measures (strength, range of motion, foot position), injury and training history (via questionnaire), impact loading (via accelerometery) and running technique measures were collected at baseline. Runners were tracked for injury for one year via fortnightly check-ins. A binary logistic regression, (injury versus no injury), was performed for each variable univariably, and then adjusting for age, sex and mileage. A multivariable regression was also performed to evaluate the model's discriminative ability. RESULTS Of the 225 runners included in the final analysis 52% experienced a running related injury. Injury history in the past year, less navicular drop, and measures of running technique (knee, hip, and pelvis kinematics) were associated with increased odds of injury (p < .05). The multivariable logistic regression model was statistically significant, χ2(11) = 56.45, p < .001, correctly classifying 74% of cases with a sensitivity and specificity of 72% and 76%, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.79 (CI95% = 0.73-0.85), demonstrating acceptable discriminative ability. CONCLUSIONS This study found a number of clinical and running technique factors to be associated with prospective running related injuries among recreational runners. With the exception of injury history, the factors identified as being significantly associated with injury may be modifiable and therefore, could form the basis of interventions. Range of motion, spatiotemporal parameters and strength measures were not associated with injury and thus their utilisation in injury prevention practices should be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Dillon
- School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Injury Prevention and Performance, Athletic Therapy and Training, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife Burke
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Injury Prevention and Performance, Athletic Therapy and Training, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Enda F. Whyte
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Injury Prevention and Performance, Athletic Therapy and Training, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siobhán O’Connor
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Injury Prevention and Performance, Athletic Therapy and Training, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shane Gore
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kieran A. Moran
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Injury Prevention and Performance, Athletic Therapy and Training, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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Dawkins J, Teel J, Kitziger R, Khair M. Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation. HSS J 2023; 19:365-372. [PMID: 37435132 PMCID: PMC10331261 DOI: 10.1177/15563316231154475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
At all levels of American football, knee injuries are common, with injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) making up a significant proportion. Historically, ACL injuries were career-altering for professional players, but innovative techniques in surgery and rehabilitation have returned many to the field. While there is a consensus on surgical techniques for ACL reconstruction, significant discrepancies remain on injury prevention and rehabilitation programs. This review article describes the burden of ACL injury on players in the National Football League, best practices in injury prevention and rehabilitation, and evidence-based recommendations for preparing injured athletes to return to play.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordan Teel
- Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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20
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Bullock GS, Thigpen CA, Collins GS, Arden NK, Noonan TJ, Kissenberth MJ, Wyland DJ, Shanley E. Organizational risk profiling and education associated with reduction in professional pitching arm injuries: a natural experiment. JSES REVIEWS, REPORTS, AND TECHNIQUES 2023; 3:295-302. [PMID: 37588509 PMCID: PMC10426659 DOI: 10.1016/j.xrrt.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Risk profiling and education are strategies implemented to help reduce injury risk; however, currently. there is little evidence on the effect of these interventions on injury incidence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of risk profiling and education on upper extremity injury incidence in minor league (MiLB) pitchers and to stratify by injury severity. Methods A prospective natural experiment study was conducted from 2013 to 2019 on MiLB pitchers. Beginning in the 2015 season, pitchers were examined and risk profiled for upper extremity injury. Shoulder external, internal, total range of motion, horizontal adduction, and humeral torsion were measured. Organizational risk profiling and education was implemented starting in 2015, based on preseason assessments. Chi-squared test was performed to investigate potential differences between shoulder range of motion risk categories between 2013-2014 (pre) and 2015-2019 (post) seasons. Interrupted time series analyses were performed to assess the association between organizational risk profiling and education on arm injury in MiLB pitchers and were repeated for 7-27 and 28+ day injury severity. Results 297 pitchers were included (pre: 119, post: 178). Upper extremity injury incidence was 1.5 injuries per 1000 athletic exposures. Pitchers in the 2015-2019 seasons demonstrated increased preseason shoulder injury risk for internal (P = .003) and external (P = .007), while the 2013-2014 seasons demonstrated greater horizontal adduction risk (P = .04). There were no differences between seasons for total range of motion risk (P =.76). Risk profiling and education resulted in an adjusted time loss upper extremity injury reduction for the 2015-2019 seasons (0.68 (95% CI: 0.47, 0.99)), which impacted 7-27 days (0.62 (95% CI: 0.42, 0.93)) but not for 28+ days (0.71 (95% CI: 0.47, 1.06)) time loss. There was no reduction in combined trunk and lower extremity injuries for the 2015-2019 seasons (1.55 (95% CI: 0.79, 3.01)). Conclusions Organizational risk profiling and education appear to reduce professional pitching overall and 7-27-day upper extremity injury risk by 33%-38%. There was no difference in trunk and lower extremity injuries over the period, strengthening the reduction in upper extremity injury risk results. This suggests that while injury risk increased over time, organizational risk profiling mitigated the expected increase in upper extremity injury rates. Risk profiling and education can be used as a clinical screening and intervention tool to help decrease upper extremity injuries in professional baseball populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett S. Bullock
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Charles A. Thigpen
- University of South Carolina Center for Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sciences, Greenville, SC, USA
- ATI Physical Therapy, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Gary S. Collins
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Nigel K. Arden
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas J. Noonan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Boulder, CO, USA
- University of Colorado Health, Steadman Hawkins Clinic, Englewood, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Ellen Shanley
- University of South Carolina Center for Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sciences, Greenville, SC, USA
- ATI Physical Therapy, Greenville, SC, USA
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Bathe C, Fennen L, Heering T, Greif A, Dubbeldam R. Training interventions to reduce the risk of injury to the lower extremity joints during landing movements in adult athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2023; 9:e001508. [PMID: 37304892 PMCID: PMC10254820 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Aim of this systematic review was to summarise training interventions designed to reduce biomechanical risk factors associated with increased risk of lower extremity landing injuries and to evaluate their practical implications in amateur sports. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources MEDLINE, Scopus and SPORTDiscus. Eligibility criteria Training intervention(s) aimed at reducing biomechanical risk factors and/or injury rates included the following: (1) prospective or (non-)randomised controlled study design; (2) risk factors that were measured with valid two-dimensional or three-dimensional motion analysis systems or Landing Error Scoring System during jump landings. In addition, meta-analyses were performed, and the risk of bias was assessed. Results Thirty-one studies met all inclusion criteria, capturing 11 different training interventions (eg, feedback and plyometrics) and 974 participants. A significantly medium effect of technique training (both instruction and feedback) and dynamic strengthening (ie, plyometrics with/without strengthening) on knee flexion angle (g=0.77; 95% CI 0.33 to 1.21) was shown. Only one-third of the studies had training interventions that required minimal training setup and additional coaching educations. Conclusion This systematic review highlights that amateur coaches can decrease relevant biomechanical risk factors by means of minimal training setup, for example, instructing to focus on a soft landing, even within only one training session of simple technique training. The meta-analysis emphasises implementing technique training as stand-alone or combined with dynamic strengthening into amateur sport training routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Bathe
- Movement Science, Westfälische Wilhelms University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lena Fennen
- Movement Science, Westfälische Wilhelms University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Theresa Heering
- Coventry University, Coventry, UK
- Deakin University School of Health and Social Development, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexander Greif
- Movement Science, Westfälische Wilhelms University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Rosemary Dubbeldam
- Movement Science, Westfälische Wilhelms University Münster, Münster, Germany
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22
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Perkins S, Canavan P. Isokinetic Assessment of Knee Flexor and Extensor Strength and Lower Extremity Flexibility Assessment of an NCAA Division III Men's Soccer Team. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2023; V18:626-635. [PMID: 37425103 PMCID: PMC10324297 DOI: 10.26603/001c.74971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Strength imbalances and flexibility deficits of the hamstrings and hip flexors have been identified as potential risk factors for hamstring injuries, but research on athletes at the Division III level are limited, potentially due to a lack of resources and technology. Purpose The purpose of this study was to conduct isokinetic and flexibility assessments to screen male soccer athletes at risk of sustaining a hamstring injury. Study Design Observational cohort. Methods Standardized isokinetic testing of concentric muscle performance, measured by peak torque of the quadriceps and hamstrings and hamstring-to-quadriceps ratios, was conducted using a Biodex isokinetic dynamometer at speeds of 60 and 180°/sec. Additionally, the Active Knee Extension (AKE) test and the Thomas test were performed bilaterally to objectively measure flexibility. Paired sample t-tests were used to compare left and right lower extremities for all outcomes, with the level of significance set at p<0.05. Participants were ranked for risk and given a set of exercises sourced from the FIFA 11 Injury Prevention Program. Results At 60°/sec, the mean PT/BW bilateral deficit was 14.1% for extension and 12.9% for flexion. At 180°/sec, the mean deficit was 9.9% for extension and 11.4% for flexion. The team's average for left and right H:Q ratios for each speed were 54.4 and 51.4 at 60°/sec and 61.6 and 63.1 at 180°/sec, respectively. The team's average AKE range of motion was 158° for the left leg and 160° for the right leg. The mean Thomas test measurements were 3.6° away from the neutral position on the right and 1.6° on the left, with nine positive tests. There were no statistically significant differences between left and right knee extension or flexion PT/BW or H:Q ratios at either speed. There was no significant difference between left and right AKE measurements (p=0.182). Conclusion The results of this screening suggest that isokinetic testing and flexibility testing may be useful to identify non-optimal strength ratios and flexibility deficits in male collegiate soccer players. The benefits of this research have direct implications, as participants received both their screening data and a set of exercises aimed to help decrease their injury risk, in addition to the offering data that is useful for determining what normative values for flexibility and strength profiles might look like for Division III male soccer players. Level of Evidence Level 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savanna Perkins
- Department of Health Sciences Eastern Connecticut State University
| | - Paul Canavan
- Department of Health Sciences Eastern Connecticut State University
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Jackman PC, Lane A, Allen-Collinson J, Henderson H. Older adults' and service providers' experiences of a settings-based health promotion initiative in English football. Health Promot Int 2023; 38:daad027. [PMID: 37339012 PMCID: PMC10797665 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daad027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was undertaken to explore the experiences of older adults and service providers in a settings-based health promotion initiative in a football club. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 10 older adults attending an 'Extra Time Hub' (ETH) and two staff delivering the initiative. Our reflexive thematic analysis generated six themes. Findings revealed the brand of the sports club attracted some to join the ETH, but through partnerships with local agencies, the initiative was also successful in widening participation beyond older adults with an interest in football. Participants perceived that the ETH was beneficial for their mental health, helped them develop social connections, and promoted positive physical activity experiences. Moreover, the variety of pleasures derived from participation were also discussed. Our findings also illustrate the central role of staff in older adults' experiences of this form of health promotion. Overall, this study contributes to understandings of settings-based health promotion activities in sports clubs, and also demonstrates the potential for sports clubs to widen engagement with the local community through health promotion for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia C Jackman
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Aoife Lane
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technological University of the Shannon, Athlone, Ireland
| | | | - Hannah Henderson
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
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24
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Ramalho A, Petrica J. Knowledge in Motion: A Comprehensive Review of Evidence-Based Human Kinetics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6020. [PMID: 37297624 PMCID: PMC10252659 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20116020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This comprehensive review examines critical aspects of evidence-based human kinetics, focusing on bridging the gap between scientific evidence and practical implementation. To bridge this gap, the development of tailored education and training programs is essential, providing practitioners with the expertise and skills to effectively apply evidence-based programs and interventions. The effectiveness of these programs in improving physical fitness across all age groups has been widely demonstrated. In addition, integrating artificial intelligence and the principles of slow science into evidence-based practice promises to identify gaps in knowledge and stimulate further research in human kinetics. The purpose of this review is to provide researchers and practitioners with comprehensive information on the application of scientific principles in human kinetics. By highlighting the importance of evidence-based practice, this review is intended to promote the adoption of effective interventions to optimize physical health and enhance performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Ramalho
- Sport, Health & Exercise Research Unit (SHERU), Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, 6000-266 Castelo Branco, Portugal
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25
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Schulte S, Heil J, Büsch D. Videogestütztes Feedbacktraining als präventives Techniktraining – Eine exploratorische Studie. PHYSIOSCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1963-6545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Im Sport wird angenommen, dass ein dynamischer Knievalgus bei einbeinigen Landungen einen relevanten Verletzungsmechanismus des vorderen Kreuzbands darstellt. Während bestehende effektive Präventionsprogramme zur Reduktion des Knievalgus primär auf die Verbesserung allgemeiner konditioneller und/oder koordinativer Einflussgrößen ausgerichtet sind, fokussiert ein Video-Feedback-Training die Korrektur individueller Defizite in der sportlichen Technik, um u. a. ein potenzielles Verletzungsrisiko zu reduzieren.
Ziel Evaluation der kurz- und insbesondere mittel- und langfristigen Wirksamkeit eines Video-Feedback-Trainings zur Veränderung des frontalen Kniewinkels bei einbeinigen Landungen.
Methode Im Rahmen einer exploratorischen Studie wurden 10 sportlich aktive Personen (Alter: 25 ± 5 Jahre, Größe: 170,8 ± 4,5 cm) getestet. Diese führten in Anlehnung an das Landing Error Scoring System (LESS-Test) einbeinige Drop-Jumps in einem Pretest, in einer Aneignungsphase mit Video-Feedback und 2 Retentionstests 2 und 6 Wochen nach der Aneignungsphase ohne Video-Feedback aus. Das Video-Feedback wurde in der Aneignungsphase bei jedem zweiten Sprung und zusätzlich selbstbestimmt auf Nachfrage über ein Expertenmodell mit neutraler Kniestellung im Overlay-Modus aus der Frontalperspektive gegeben.
Ergebnisse Die Ergebnisse wurden nach Sprung- und Nichtsprungbein der Proband*innen differenziert. Sie zeigen eine bedeutsame Verringerung des frontalen Kniewinkels für das Sprungbein (F1, 9 = 10,43, p = 0,01, η2
p = 0,54, 95 % CI [0,04; 0,74]) bei einbeinigen Landungen in der Aneignungsphase, jedoch keine statistisch bedeutsame Verringerung für das Nichtsprungbein (F1, 9 = 4,07, p = 0,08, η2
p = 0,31, 1-β = 0,44). Im Retentionstest nach 6 Wochen nähert sich der frontale Kniewinkel beidseitig dem Ausgangsniveau aus dem Pretest wieder an.
Schlussfolgerung Ein Video-Feedback-Training bietet sich als einfach durchzuführendes, alternatives Verletzungspräventionsprogramm an. Eine fehlende mittel- und langfristige Veränderung und hohe Variabilität des frontalen Kniewinkels lassen eine mehrfache und/oder regelmäßige Durchführung eines Video-Feedback-Trainings sinnvoll erscheinen. In weiteren Studien mit Kontrollgruppendesign und unterschiedlichen Feedback-Prozeduren wird systematisch zu prüfen sein, ob eine längerfristige Reduktion eines potenziellen Verletzungsrisikos des vorderen Kreuzbands erreicht werden kann.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schulte
- Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Deutschland
| | - Jessica Heil
- Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Deutschland
| | - Dirk Büsch
- Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Deutschland
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Weisman A, Lin E, Yona T, Gottlieb U, Impellizzeri FM, Masharawi Y. Healthcare providers have insufficient up-to-date knowledge of lower limb sports injuries, and their knowledge is similar to that of athletes. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2023; 65:102750. [PMID: 37003161 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2023.102750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being up-to-date with evidence-based knowledge of lower limb sports injuries is essential for Healthcare professionals (HCPs). PURPOSE To assess whether HCPs possess up-to-date knowledge of lower limb sports injuries by comparing their knowledge to that of athletes. METHODS With an expert panel, we developed an online quiz of 10 multiple-choice questions on various topics related to lower-limb sports injuries. Maximal score was 100. We used social media to invite HCPs (5 groups: Physiotherapists, Chiropractors, Medical Doctors, Trainers, and Other therapists) and athletes of all levels (amateur, semi-pro, and pro) to participate. We drafted the questions according to conclusions from the latest systematic reviews and meta-analyses. RESULTS 1526 participants completed the study. Final quiz scores ranged from zero (n = 28, 1.8%) to 100 (n = 2, 0.1%) and were distributed normally with a mean score of 45.4 ± 20.6. None of the 6 groups' means surpassed the set threshold of 60 points. Multiple linear regressions of covariates indicated that age, gender, engagement in physical activity, learning hours per week, reading scientific journals, reading popular magazines and blogs, trainers, and other therapists' groups explained 19% of the variances (-5.914<β < 15.082, 0.000<p < 0.038). CONCLUSIONS HCPs have insufficient up-to-date knowledge of lower limb sports injuries, and their knowledge is similar to that of athletes of all levels. HCPs probably do not possess the proper tools to assess scientific literature Academic and sports medicine societies should look into ways to improve the scientific knowledge integration of HCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaf Weisman
- Spinal Research Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Stanley Steyer School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Eshed Lin
- School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Tomer Yona
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Uri Gottlieb
- Neuromuscular and Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, Ariel University, Israel
| | - Franco M Impellizzeri
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
| | - Youssef Masharawi
- Spinal Research Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Stanley Steyer School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
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Asgari M, Nazari B, Bizzini M, Jaitner T. Effects of the FIFA 11+ program on performance, biomechanical measures, and physiological responses: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023; 12:226-235. [PMID: 35659964 PMCID: PMC10105015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The side effects of the FIFA 11+ program on performance have not been generally reviewed. The objective of this study was to synthesize the literature on the effects of the 11+ on players' performance. METHODS Five online databases (PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Springer, and Google Scholar) were searched (from April 2006 to March 2022) using predefined keywords and sub-keywords. The potential references were primarily recorded through Endnote and imported to Covidence. Out of the 123 references screened by 2 blinded researchers through the software, 59 full texts were assessed for eligibility, 33 of which were ultimately included. The quality of the studies and the risk of bias were then assessed. Study ID, title, place, aim, design, start/end dates, population description, study criteria, statistical analysis, and outcomes were extracted. RESULTS Studies were conducted on male and female players aged 10-32 years old. The quality of the studies was moderate to high, and except for unclear bias for blinding outcome assessment, the risk of bias for all domains was low. Long-term application of the 11+ improved most biomechanical measures and physiological responses except for lower extremity stability, ankle evertors time latency, ankle dorsiflexion, and proprioception. Conversely, the 11+ showed acute negative effects on physical performance compared to dynamic warm-ups and non-significant effects on technical abilities. CONCLUSION Mid-to-long-term implementation of the 11+ improved the majority of biomechanical and a couple of physical measures but showed no effects on technical skills. Precaution must be observed for using the 11+ before competitions, as it could acutely decrease physical/technical performance. Given the contradictory nature of the literature, further studies should evaluate the short-to-mid-term effects of the 11+. Further studies are required to address ankle responses to the 11+ intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Asgari
- Institute for Sport and Sports Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund 44221, Germany.
| | - Bahareh Nazari
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Tehran, Kish Island branch, Kish Island 79416, Iran
| | - Mario Bizzini
- Human Performance Lab, Schulthess Clinic Lengghalde, Zürich 8008, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Jaitner
- Institute for Sport and Sports Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund 44221, Germany
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28
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Corban J, Karatzas N, Zhao KY, Babouras A, Bergeron S, Fevens T, Rivaz H, Martineau PA. Using an Affordable Motion Capture System to Evaluate the Prognostic Value of Drop Vertical Jump Parameters for Noncontact ACL Injury. Am J Sports Med 2023; 51:1059-1066. [PMID: 36790216 PMCID: PMC10026155 DOI: 10.1177/03635465231151686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knee kinematic parameters during a drop vertical jump (DVJ) have been demonstrated to be associated with increased risk of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. However, standard motion analysis systems are not practical for routine screening. Affordable and practical motion sensor alternatives exist but require further validation in the context of ACL injury risk assessment. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS To prospectively study DVJ parameters as predictors of noncontact ACL injury in collegiate athletes using an affordable motion capture system (Kinect; Microsoft). We hypothesized that athletes who sustained noncontact ACL injury would have larger initial and peak contact coronal abduction angles and smaller peak flexion angles at the knee during a DVJ. STUDY DESIGN Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS 102 participants were prospectively recruited from a collegiate varsity sports program. A total of 101 of the 102 athletes (99%) were followed for an entire season for noncontact ACL injury. Each athlete performed 3 DVJs, and the data were recorded using the motion capture system. Initial coronal, peak coronal, and peak sagittal angles of the knee were identified by our software. RESULTS Five of the 101 athletes sustained a noncontact ACL injury. Peak coronal angles were significantly greater and peak sagittal flexion angles were significantly smaller in ACL-injured athletes (P = .049, P = .049, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.88, 0.92, and 0.90 for initial coronal, peak coronal, and peak sagittal angle, respectively. An initial coronal angle cutoff of 2.96° demonstrated 80% sensitivity and 72% specificity, a peak coronal angle cutoff of 6.16° demonstrated 80% sensitivity and 72% specificity, and a peak sagittal flexion cutoff of 93.82° demonstrated 80% sensitivity and 74% specificity on the study cohort. CONCLUSION Increased peak coronal angle and decreased peak sagittal angle during a DVJ were significantly associated with increased risk for noncontact ACL injury. Based on ROC analysis, initial coronal angle showed good prognostic ability, whereas peak coronal angle and peak sagittal flexion provided excellent prognostic ability. Affordable motion capture systems show promise as cost-effective and practical options for large-scale ACL injury risk screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Corban
- McGill University Health Centre, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Kevin Y Zhao
- McGill University, Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Athanasios Babouras
- McGill University, Department of Experimental Surgery, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stephane Bergeron
- McGill University, Department of Experimental Surgery, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Jewish General Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thomas Fevens
- Concordia University, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hassan Rivaz
- Concordia University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paul A Martineau
- McGill University Health Centre, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University, Department of Experimental Surgery, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Concordia University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Concordia University, Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Hu C, Du Z, Tao M, Song Y. Effects of Different Hamstring Eccentric Exercise Programs on Preventing Lower Extremity Injuries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2057. [PMID: 36767424 PMCID: PMC9916392 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to investigate the effects and differences of various hamstring eccentric training protocols for the prevention of lower limb injuries, and we further propose a more refined hamstring eccentric training protocol for the prevention of lower limb injuries. A literature search for the effects of hamstring eccentric training on lower extremity sports injuries was conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases, and the literature was searched covering the period from the date of the database's creation to 20 August 2022. A meta-analysis of the included literature was performed using R.4.21 for lower extremity injuries, injuries in various parts of the lower extremity, and subgroup analysis for exercise frequency, exercise cycle, and exercise population. A total of 23 randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies were found to be included in the meta-analysis, and 15 of these trials, totaling 14,721 patients, were determined to be included in the overall lower extremity injury prevention effect. The analysis showed that the implementation of a hamstring eccentric training program reduced lower extremity injuries by 28%, and it resulted in a 46% decrease in hamstring injury rate and a 34% decrease in knee injury rate. The subgroup analysis revealed that the frequency of exercise was most significant in the twice-a-week exercise group, that the exercise program was most effective in preventing injuries in the 21-30-week exercise period, and that the program was most effective in preventing injuries in elite athletes and amateur adult athletic populations, compared with adolescents.
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Devereux F, Whyte E, Issartel J, Belton S, O'Connor S. Current Practices, Willingness and Perceived Ability to Implement an Injury Prevention Exercise Program Among Post-Primary Physical Education Teachers. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2023; 93:25-33. [PMID: 36029135 PMCID: PMC10087731 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal injuries are common in adolescents, and recently schools have been suggested as an opportune location for injury prevention strategies. This study aimed to identify the current practices and perceptions of post-primary PE teachers in Ireland on injury prevention exercise programs (IPEP), which are key to informing potential implementation strategies. METHODS Post-primary PE teachers (n = 287) completed an online anonymous survey. Outcome measures included current IPEP practices in PE class, teachers' attitudes toward IPEPs, willingness to implement, and perceived ability to implement an IPEP in PE class. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare differences between groups. RESULTS Results indicated that only 1 in 5 PE teachers currently used an IPEP in class. Of these, no teacher used an existing IPEP exactly as intended, while most teachers were willing to implement an IPEP (80.5%). Those who previously received formal IPEP education or were aware of an existing IPEP had significantly higher perceived ability to implement an IPEP in class (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that despite a willingness among PE teachers to implement IPEPs in class, few currently do. Thus, post-primary PE class may be an under-utilized setting for adolescent injury prevention and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Devereux
- Department of Science & HealthInstitute of Technology CarlowCo. CarlowIreland
| | - Enda Whyte
- Centre for Injury Prevention & Performance, School of Health & Human PerformanceDublin City UniversityWhitehallDublin9Ireland
| | - Johann Issartel
- School of Health & Human PerformanceDublin City UniversityWhitehallDublin9Ireland
| | - Sarahjane Belton
- LifePAC Research Centre, School of Health & Human PerformanceDublin City UniversityWhitehallDublin9Ireland
| | - Siobhan O'Connor
- Centre for Injury Prevention & PerformanceSchool of Health & Human Performance Dublin City UniversityWhitehallDublin9Ireland
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31
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Werner DM, Golightly YM, Tao M, Post A, Wellsandt E. Environmental Risk Factors for Osteoarthritis: The Impact on Individuals with Knee Joint Injury. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2022; 48:907-930. [PMID: 36333003 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a debilitating chronic condition involving joint degeneration, impacting over 300 million people worldwide. This places a high social and economic burden on society. The knee is the most common joint impacted by osteoarthritis. A common cause of osteoarthritis is traumatic joint injury, specifically injury to the anterior cruciate ligament. The purpose of this review is to detail the non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors for osteoarthritis with particular focus on individuals after anterior cruciate ligament injury. After reading this, health care providers will better comprehend the wide variety of factors linked to osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Werner
- Office of Graduate Studies, Medical Sciences Interdepartmental Area, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 987815 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-7815, USA; Division of Physical Therapy Education, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984420 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4420, USA.
| | - Yvonne M Golightly
- College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984035 Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE 68198-4035, USA
| | - Matthew Tao
- Division of Physical Therapy Education, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984420 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4420, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984420 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4420, USA
| | - Austin Post
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984420 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4420, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wellsandt
- Division of Physical Therapy Education, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984420 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4420, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984420 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4420, USA
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Marušič J, Šarabon N. Hip adduction and abduction strength in youth male soccer and basketball players with and without groin pain in the past year. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275650. [PMID: 36197941 PMCID: PMC9534424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to 1) assess the differences between youth soccer and basketball players with and without past year groin pain (GP) in hip adduction and abduction strength and several training characteristics (age at the start of regular training, weekly training frequency, warm-up and training duration, use of stretching and/or stabilisation exercises during warm-up, use of resistance training); 2) present strength reference values for youth soccer and basketball players. 227 players participated (age 16.9 ± 1.4 years; height 184.2 ± 8.5 cm; mass 75.5 ± 11.9 kg). Hip adduction and abduction strength was measured in supine position (hip, knee and ankle in neutral position) using a MuscleBoard dynamometer. Interlimb asymmetries and hip adduction:abduction ratios were calculated. Past year GP and training characteristics were assessed with a retrospective questionnaire. 11.9% of players reported past year GP (16.9% in soccer and 6.4% in basketball). The only significant difference between the past year GP and the control groups was found in the age of the players at the start of regular training (7.2 ± 1.8 years for the GP group vs. 8.5 ± 2.6 years for the control group). Additionally, soccer players without past year GP have significantly higher hip adduction strength (1.1 ± 0.2 Nm/kg vs. 1.0 ± 0.2 Nm/kg) and adduction:abduction strength ratio (1.10 ± 0.18 vs. 1.03 ± 0.16) compared to basketball players. Our results show that hip adduction and abduction strength, interlimb asymmetry and hip adduction:abduction ratio do not differentiate between players with and without past year GP (p = 0.29-0.90), which means that their adduction or abduction strength can be analysed regardless of the GP presence in the past year. Additionally, players with past year GP started regularly training at significantly lower age, which could indicate the problematic nature of early/premature sports specialisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Marušič
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Nejc Šarabon
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia
- Science to Practice, Ltd., Laboratory for Motor Control and Motor Behavior, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- * E-mail:
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Strutzenberger G, David S, Borcard LM, Fröhlich S, Imhoff FB, Scherr J, Spörri J. Breaking new grounds in injury risk screening in soccer by deploying unsupervised learning with a special focus on sex and fatigue effects. Sports Biomech 2022:1-17. [PMID: 36004395 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2022.2112748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
In injury prevention, a vertical drop jump (DJ) is often used for screening athletes at risk for injury; however, the large variation in individual movement patterns might mask potentially relevant strategies when analysed on a group-based level. Two movement strategies are commonly discussed as predisposing athletes to ACL injuries: a deficient leg axis and increased leg stiffness during landing. This study investigated the individual movement pattern of 39 female and male competitive soccer players performing DJs at rest and after being fatigued. The joint angles were used to train a Kohonen self-organising map. Out of 19,596 input vectors, the SOM identified 700 unique postures. Visualising the movement trajectories and adding the latent parameters contact time, medial knee displacement (MKD) and knee abduction moment allow identification of zones with presumably increased injury risk and whether the individual movement patterns pass these zones. This information can be used, e.g., for individual screening and for feedback purposes. Additionally, an athlete's reaction to fatigue can be explored by comparing the rested and fatigued movement trajectories. The results highlight the ability of unsupervised learning to visualise movement patterns and to give further insight into an individual athlete's status without the necessity of a priori assumptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerda Strutzenberger
- Sports Medical Research Group, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University Centre for Prevention and Sports Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Motion Analysis Zurich, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- UMIT Tirol, Psychology and Medical Sciences, Research Unit Sports Medicine, Innsbruck, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Sina David
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lana Mei Borcard
- Sports Medical Research Group, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Fröhlich
- Sports Medical Research Group, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University Centre for Prevention and Sports Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian B Imhoff
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Scherr
- Sports Medical Research Group, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University Centre for Prevention and Sports Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Motion Analysis Zurich, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Spörri
- Sports Medical Research Group, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University Centre for Prevention and Sports Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Motion Analysis Zurich, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Petrolo A. Meniscal lesion or patellar tendinopathy? A case report of an adolescent soccer player with knee pain. THE JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN CHIROPRACTIC ASSOCIATION 2022; 66:157-171. [PMID: 36275082 PMCID: PMC9512301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injuries to the meniscus are particularly prevalent in soccer players, with an incidence of 0.448 injuries per 1000 hours of playing. However, in the adolescent soccer player population, it has been reported that up to 63% of asymptomatic knees may demonstrate horizontal or oblique tears on MRI. These results may negatively influence clinical decision-making and plan of management for adolescent soccer players with knee problems. CASE PRESENTATION A case of a 15-year-old soccer player is presented after having been diagnosed by his family physician with a left lateral meniscus tear as per MRI, following a 10-week period of anterior knee pain. He presented to a chiropractor for a second opinion before consulting with the orthopedic surgeon. MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOME Recommendations for progressive rehabilitation owing to the lack of clinical evidence for meniscal abnormality were made. A primary diagnosis of left patellar tendinopathy was determined and after a 6-week comprehensive rehabilitation program, the patient made a complete recovery. SUMMARY A thorough history, physical examination, and understanding of the patient's injury mechanism are suggested before confirming/refuting suspicions of meniscal abnormalities via MRI. This will help to inform better clinical decision-making as well as decrease the occurrence of unnecessary imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Petrolo
- RCCSS(C) Sports Sciences Resident, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College
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Patti A, Giustino V, Cataldi S, Stoppa V, Ferrando F, Marvulli R, Farì G, Neşe ŞF, Bianco A, Muscella A, Greco G, Fischetti F. Effects of 5-Week of FIFA 11+ Warm-Up Program on Explosive Strength, Speed, and Perception of Physical Exertion in Elite Female Futsal Athletes. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10070100. [PMID: 35878111 PMCID: PMC9322867 DOI: 10.3390/sports10070100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Futsal is a sport that originates from soccer and is increasingly practiced all over the world. Since training and warm-up protocols should be sport-specific in order to reduce injuries and maximize performance, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of 5 weeks of the FIFA 11+ warm-up program on explosive strength, speed, and perception of physical exertion in elite female futsal athletes. Twenty-nine elite female futsal athletes participating in the Italian national championships were divided into two groups: the experimental group (EG) underwent 5 weeks of the FIFA 11+ warm-up program, and the control group (CG) underwent 5 weeks of a dynamic warm-up. We evaluated any effect on explosive strength (by Squat Jump test), speed (by Agility T-test), and perception of physical exertion (by Borg CR-10 scale). All measurements were carried out by a technician of the Italian Football Federation before (T0), at the middle (T1), and at the end (T2) of the protocol. The EG showed significant improvements on performances between T0 vs. T1 and T0 vs. T2 both in the Squat Jump test (p = 0.0057 and p = 0.0030, respectively) and in the Agility T-test (p = 0.0075 and p = 0.0122). No significant differences were found in the Squat Jump test performances in the CG, while significant improvements were detected in the Agility T-test performances (p = 0.0004 and p = 0.0053, T0 vs. T1 and T0 vs. T2, respectively). As for the Borg CR-10 scale, we found a significant difference between T0 and T2 in the EG (p = 0.017) and no differences in the CG. This study showed that 5 weeks of the FIFA 11+ warm-up program improves the jumping performance of female futsal athletes without adversely affecting speed. These findings can be useful for coaches and athletic trainers in order to consider FIFA 11+ warm-up program also in female futsal athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Patti
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (V.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Valerio Giustino
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (V.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Stefania Cataldi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Study of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.F.); (R.M.); (G.G.); (F.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Vito Stoppa
- FIGC Italian Football Federation, Puglia Regional Committee—Futsal Division, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Federica Ferrando
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Study of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.F.); (R.M.); (G.G.); (F.F.)
| | - Riccardo Marvulli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Study of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.F.); (R.M.); (G.G.); (F.F.)
| | - Giacomo Farì
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (G.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Şahin Fatma Neşe
- Department of Sport and Health, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ankara University, 06830 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (V.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Antonella Muscella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (G.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Gianpiero Greco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Study of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.F.); (R.M.); (G.G.); (F.F.)
| | - Francesco Fischetti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Study of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.F.); (R.M.); (G.G.); (F.F.)
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Seow D, Massey A. Correlation between preseason body composition and sports injury in an English Premier League professional football team. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2022; 8:e001193. [PMID: 35692439 PMCID: PMC9134165 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To identify the correlation between preseason body composition and incidence coupled with injury burden throughout the season in adult male professional football players. Methods A retrospective case series was performed for linear regression analysis of preseason body composition variables and injury data. R2 >0.10 was deemed of adequate correlation. Results All 36 professional football players in the male first team of an English Premier League professional football team were recruited, with none lost to follow-up. The total and mean incidence of injuries was 83.00 and 2.31 (95% CI 1.72 to 2.89), respectively. The mean injury burden was 58.32 (95% CI 37.67 to 78.98) days missed. Simple linear regression analysis indicated no significant or adequate correlations between incidence and preseason body composition variables. Injury burden revealed non-significant adequate negative correlations to body mass (R2=0.17), body mass index (BMI) (R2=0.15), waist circumference (R2=0.17), total bone mineral density (BMD) (R2=0.11) and mean embedded structures (R2=0.10). Conclusions Players with decreased body mass, BMI, waist circumference, total BMD and mean embedded structures may be prone to greater injury burden. Further studies with a larger sample size that incorporates multiple football teams are warranted to investigate this.
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Mendonça LDM, Schuermans J, Denolf S, Napier C, Bittencourt NF, Romanuk A, Tak I, Thorborg K, Bizzini M, Ramponi C, Paterson C, Hägglund M, Malisoux L, Al Attar WSA, Samukawa M, Esteve E, Bakare U, Constantinou M, Schneiders A, Cavallieri Gomes A, Florentz D, Ozer Kaya D, Indra Lesmana S, Harøy J, Kuparinen V, Philips N, Jenkins W, Wezenbeek E, Witvrouw E. Sports injury prevention programmes from the sports physical therapist's perspective: An international expert Delphi approach. Phys Ther Sport 2022; 55:146-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kuttner NP, Llanes AC, Tummala SV, Brinkman JC, McQuivey KS, Hassebrock JD, Makovicka JL, Chhabra A. In National Collegiate Athletic Association Men’s and Women’s Soccer Athletes There Is a Low Rate of Lumbar Spine Injury, Women Suffer More Recurrent Injuries than Men, and Most Injuries Occur in the Preseason. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil 2022; 4:e705-e711. [PMID: 35494295 PMCID: PMC9042889 DOI: 10.1016/j.asmr.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To use the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program (NCAA-ISP) from the 2009-2010 through the 2014-2015 seasons to report lumbar spine injury rates, characteristics, and time lost from sport in soccer players. Methods Characteristics of lumbar spine injuries by season, competition/practice, and time lost from sport were determined using the NCAA-ISP database. Rates of injury were calculated as the number of injuries divided by the number of athlete exposures (AEs). AEs are any athlete participation in a competition or practice. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated to compare rates between event types and time of season. Injury proportion ratios (IPRs) were used to evaluate differences in injury rates between men and women. Results The NCAA-ISP estimated 4,464 LSIs over 5 years. The rate of LSI in men was 2.1/10,000 AEs and 3.0/10,000 AEs in women. Women were 1.43 times more likely to suffer an LSI compared to men. Women were 2.15 times as likely to suffer an LSI in competition compared to in practice while men were 1.10 times as likely. Women were 2.15 times as likely to be injured in the preseason compared to the regular season, while men were 3.76 times as likely. Non-contact injuries were the most common cause of lumbar spine injuries (LSIs) in men (35%); however, contact injuries were more common in women (33%). Most athletes both male (57%) and female (59%) returned to play within 24 hours. Conclusion This study provides information on the characteristics of LSIs in NCAA soccer. The overall injury rate to the lumbar spine is relatively low. Injury rates are highest in the preseason and in competition. Women suffer from more recurrent LSI’s than men, and men acquired more injuries through non-contact mechanisms. More than one-half of athletes returned to sport within 24 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas P. Kuttner
- Creighton University School of Medicine–Phoenix Regional Campus, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Aaron C. Llanes
- The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Sailesh V. Tummala
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Joseph C. Brinkman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Kade S. McQuivey
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
| | | | - Justin L. Makovicka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Anikar Chhabra
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
- Address correspondence to Anikar Chhabra, M.D., Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 5881 E. Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, U.S.A.
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Anthropometric and physical performance characteristics in African women football players: A prospective, cross-sectional pilot study. CENTRAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.18276/cej.2022.4-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
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Epidemiological analysis of injury occurrence and current prevention strategies on international amateur football level during the UEFA Regions Cup 2019. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2022; 142:271-280. [PMID: 33740068 PMCID: PMC8783909 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-021-03861-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Football is the most popular sport worldwide and results in a high frequency of injuries. So far, mainly injuries in professional football have been investigated, and the literature lacks data regarding detailed injury epidemiology and current prevention data in amateur football tournaments. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective cohort study investigated an international amateur football tournament, the UEFA Regions' Cup, which took place in 2019 in Germany. Injury epidemiology, current prevention strategies of the teams and the implementation of the UEFA concussion protocol were investigated in detail by means of standardized injury definitions and data samples for football (Fuller et al., Scand J Med Sci Sports 16:83-92, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2006.00528.x , 2006). RESULTS 138 player of 8 teams participated in this study, while 39 players were excluded. Overall injury incidence was 12.5 per 1000 h total football exposure, 43.5 per 1000 h for match exposure. No injuries were registered during training. Injury prevalence was 14.1% per player and 1.1 injuries per match were registered. The lower extremity was predominantly affected by injuries (71.4%) and the majority of injuries (78.6%) were non-severe injury types like contusions (50%) and sprains (18.2%). Two head injuries, one contusion and one skin lesion, were handled by the guidelines of the UEFA concussion protocol. 44.4% of the players indicated at least one previous injury before tournament, 45.3% of them during the last two football seasons before start of the tournament. Injury prevention performance was included in all participating teams during the tournament by warm up or training strategies (100%). During the warm-up program just 5 exercises of the FIFA 11 + program was detected by this investigation in participating teams to be done by more half of the teams. Running exercises were the most frequently performed exercises, while trunk muscle exercises were less represented (14.3%). CONCLUSION This study presents for the first time epidemiological injury and prevention data of the UEFA Regions Cup. Injury incidence was higher compared to injury reports of regular seasons, but lower compared to other amateur football tournaments. Currently used prevention programs revealed trunk muscle exercises as often neglected.
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Olivares-Jabalera J, Fílter-Ruger A, Dos’Santos T, Afonso J, Della Villa F, Morente-Sánchez J, Soto-Hermoso VM, Requena B. Exercise-Based Training Strategies to Reduce the Incidence or Mitigate the Risk Factors of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Adult Football (Soccer) Players: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:13351. [PMID: 34948963 PMCID: PMC8704173 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the most concerning injuries for football players. The aim of this review is to investigate the effects of exercise-based interventions targeting at reducing ACL injury rate or mitigating risk factors of ACL injury in adult football players. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted in CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science. Studies assessing the effect of exercise-based interventions in ACL injury incidence or modifiable risk factors in adult football players were included. 29 studies evaluating 4502 male and 1589 female players were included (15 RCT, 8 NRCT, 6 single-arm): 14 included warm-up, 7 resistance training, 4 mixed training, 3 balance, 1 core stability and 1 technique modification interventions. 6 out of 29 studies investigated the effect of interventions on ACL injury incidence, while the remaining 23 investigated their effect on risk factors. Only 21% and 13% studies evaluating risk of injury variables reported reliability measures and/or smallest worthwhile change data. Warm-up, core stability, balance and technique modification appear effective and feasible interventions to be included in football teams. However, the use of more ecologically valid tests and individually tailored interventions targeting specific ACL injury mechanisms are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Olivares-Jabalera
- HUMAN Lab, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (V.M.S.-H.); (B.R.)
- FSI Sport Research Lab, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.F.-R.); (T.D.); (J.M.-S.)
| | | | - Thomas Dos’Santos
- FSI Sport Research Lab, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.F.-R.); (T.D.); (J.M.-S.)
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, All Saints Building, Manchester Campus John Dalton Building, Manchester Campus, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK
- Manchester Institute of Sport 2.01, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 7EL, UK
| | - Jose Afonso
- Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sports of the University of Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido Costa, 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Francesco Della Villa
- Education and Research Department, Isokinetic Medical Group, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, 40132 Bologna, Italy;
| | | | - Víctor Manuel Soto-Hermoso
- HUMAN Lab, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (V.M.S.-H.); (B.R.)
| | - Bernardo Requena
- HUMAN Lab, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (V.M.S.-H.); (B.R.)
- FSI Sport Research Lab, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.F.-R.); (T.D.); (J.M.-S.)
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Stenseth OMR, Barli SF, Martin RK, Engebretsen L. Injuries in elite women's ski jumping: a cohort study following three International Ski Federation (FIS) World Cup seasons from 2017-2018 to 2019-2020. Br J Sports Med 2021; 56:35-40. [PMID: 34893472 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To define incidence and injury patterns of International Ski Federation (FIS) World Cup (WC) women ski jumpers over three seasons. METHODS Ski jump athletes competing in the Women's FIS WC were recruited for prospective injury surveillance from 2017-2018 to 2019-2020. Team representatives recruited the athletes annually and prospectively recorded all injuries requiring medical attention. Retrospective end-of-season interviews corroborated injury surveillance. Medical doctors collected and processed the data. The 4-month competitive season was used to calculate the annual incidence of injuries per 100 athletes per season. Injury type, location, severity and aetiology were reported. RESULTS Athletes from 19 nations were enrolled equalling 205 athlete-seasons. Mean age was 21.2 years (SD=3.8). Thirty-nine injury events resulted in 54 total injuries (26.3 injuries/100 athletes/season). Injuries were mostly acute (83%) and occurred on the ski jump hill (78%). The most common injury location was the knee (n=18, 33%). Crash landings were the most common cause of injury events (70%). Nearly half of the acute ski jump injury events occurred in snowy, windy or cloudy conditions (44%) and/or during telemark landings (46%), and most jumps (96%) were shorter than hill size. One third of the injuries were severe, and 78% of severe injuries involved the knee. CONCLUSION Acute injury events occur relatively frequently in elite women ski jumpers, most resulting in time-loss from sport and a significant proportion involving serious knee injuries. Crash landing was the leading cause of injury. This baseline information can be used to guide and evaluate future efforts at injury prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleane Marthea Rebne Stenseth
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway .,The Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sindre Fløtlien Barli
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,The Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Oslo, Norway
| | - R Kyle Martin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lars Engebretsen
- The Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Oslo, Norway.,University of Oslo, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Rubio VJ, Olmedilla A. Gamifying App-Based Low-Intensity Psychological Interventions to Prevent Sports Injuries in Young Athletes: A Review and Some Guidelines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12997. [PMID: 34948607 PMCID: PMC8702088 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182412997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sports injuries have become a real health concern. Particularly noticeable is the increasing number of severe sports injuries among young people. Sports injury (SI) is a multifactorial event where many internal and external, proximal and remote factors play a role in a recursive way, including physical and psychological variables. Accordingly, many voices expressing the need of tackling that and several prevention programs have arisen. Nevertheless, different barriers and limitations prevent a wide extension of well-controlled programs, closely monitored by highly specialized professionals in ordinary sports grass-root organizations. These have helped flourishing different low intensity (LI)-interventions and e-Health apps focusing on both physical warmup, training and fitness, and mental skills aimed at reducing athlete's vulnerability to SIs. This kind of intervention usually uses self-administered techniques and/or non-specialized staff that can effectively monitoring the program. In fact, LI-interventions have shown to be effective coping with different health and psychological issues. However, these interventions face an important challenge: the lack of engagement people usually show. The current paper proposes how gamification can contribute to the engagement to such interventions. Based on the mechanics-dynamics-aesthetics framework to analyze game design, the paper suggests a set of guidelines app- and web-LI interventions aimed at preventing SIs should include to foster motivation and reduce attrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor J. Rubio
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Universidad Autonoma Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Aurelio Olmedilla
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Uncommon Bone Injuries in Soccer Players. J Hum Kinet 2021; 80:125-138. [PMID: 34868423 PMCID: PMC8607781 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2020-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Soccer is the most common team sport in the world. A significant number of players are associated with a large number of injuries. Injuries occur in a variety of contexts regardless of the age or performance level of players. The vast majority of injuries involve soft tissues. Bone injuries are less common, but usually result in long-term exclusion from the game. Three different types of fractures related to soccer are classified as acute types, stress fractures and avulsion. This manuscript outlines the diagnostic procedures and treatments for stress fractures, avulsion fractures and bone cyst. The common feature of the described injuries includes frequent difficulties associated with the correct diagnosis and treatment direction. In therapeutic treatment, the doctor and the patient often have to choose between conservative treatment and surgical treatment, which in many cases is not simple. We suggest that in the event of injuries to soccer players, surgical treatment should be used, shortening the time to return to full sports activity. A very important element of the therapeutic process is proper rehabilitation, which should be individually tailored to the patient in order to optimize the treatment process. Some of the rehabilitation protocols should be permanently incorporated into the warm-up protocols for training. Such a procedure has a preventive effect.
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Brophy RH, Wojtys EM, Mack CD, Hawaldar K, Herzog MM, Owens BD. Factors Associated With the Mechanism of ACL Tears in the National Football League: A Video-Based Analysis. Orthop J Sports Med 2021; 9:23259671211053301. [PMID: 34778486 PMCID: PMC8579343 DOI: 10.1177/23259671211053301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The factors associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury mechanism in professional American football players are not well-understood. Hypothesis It was hypothesized that football-related and player-specific factors, such as position and body mass index (BMI), are associated with ACL injury mechanism in these athletes. Study Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods Videos of ACL tears occurring in National Football League (NFL) games over 6 consecutive seasons from 2014 to 2019 were reviewed by 2 orthopaedic surgeons who specialize in sports medicine. For each injury, the role of contact (direct contact [contact to the injured knee/lower extremity], indirect contact [contact not involving the injured knee/lower extremity], or no contact) as well as playing situation and lower extremity position were recorded. Additional player characteristics, timing of injury, and surface information were obtained from NFL game-day and injury database statistics. Results Of the 140 ACL tears, a minority occurred via direct contact to the injured lower extremity (30%), although this varied by position. Just over two-thirds (70%) of ACL tears in offensive linemen occurred via direct contact to the injured lower extremity, while wide receivers had no direct contact ACL tears. Elevated BMI was associated with a greater likelihood of ACL tears occurring via direct contact (53% in players with BMI ≥35 kg/m2 vs 24% in players with BMI <35 kg/m2; P = <.01). Rookies had the lowest percentage of direct contact ACL tears (18%; P = .22). ACL tears that occurred during the middle 8 weeks of the regular season resulted more often from direct contact (38%; P = .06). ACL tears that occurred in the third quarter were the most likely to occur via direct contact (44%), while those that occurred in the fourth quarter were the least likely to occur via direct contact (13%; P < .01). Conclusion Although most NFL players sustained ACL tears via a noncontact mechanism (ie, through indirect or no contact), players with an elevated BMI, especially on the offensive line, were more likely to injure their ACL through direct contact. Position-dependent variance in injury mechanism may help guide injury prevention efforts in these athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Brophy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Brett D Owens
- Brown University, East Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Stephenson SD, Kocan JW, Vinod AV, Kluczynski MA, Bisson LJ. A Comprehensive Summary of Systematic Reviews on Sports Injury Prevention Strategies. Orthop J Sports Med 2021; 9:23259671211035776. [PMID: 34734094 PMCID: PMC8558815 DOI: 10.1177/23259671211035776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A large volume of systematic reviews and meta-analyses has been published on the effectiveness of sports injury prevention programs. Purpose To provide a qualitative summary of published systematic reviews and meta-analyses that have examined the effectiveness of sports injury prevention programs on reducing musculoskeletal injuries. Study Design Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods We searched the PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and the Cochrane databases for systematic reviews and meta-analyses that evaluated the effectiveness of sports injury prevention programs. We excluded published abstracts, narrative reviews, articles not published in English, commentaries, studies that described sports injury prevention strategies but did not assess their effectiveness, studies that did not assess musculoskeletal injuries, and studies that did not assess sports-related injuries. The most relevant results were extracted and summarized. Levels of evidence were determined per the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, and methodological quality was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 (A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews, revised version). Results A total of 507 articles were retrieved, and 129 were included. Articles pertaining to all injuries were divided into 9 topics: sports and exercise in general (n = 20), soccer (n = 13), ice hockey (n = 1), dance (n = 1), volleyball (n = 1), basketball (n = 1), tackle collision sports (n = 1), climbing (n = 1), and youth athletes (n = 4). Articles on injuries by anatomic site were divided into 11 topics: general knee (n = 8), anterior cruciate ligament (n = 34), ankle (n = 14), hamstring (n = 11), lower extremity (n = 10), foot (n = 6), groin (n = 2), shoulder (n = 1), wrist (n = 2), and elbow (n = 1). Of the 129 studies, 45.7% were ranked as evidence level 1, and 55.0% were evidence level 2. Based on the AMSTAR-2, 58.9% of the reviews reported a priori review methods, 96.1% performed a comprehensive literature search, 47.3% thoroughly described excluded articles, 79.1% assessed risk of bias for individual studies, 48.8% reported a valid method for statistical combination of data (ie, meta-analysis), 45.0% examined the effect of risk of bias on pooled study results, and 19.4% examined the risk for publication bias. Conclusion This comprehensive review provides sports medicine providers with a single source of the most up-to-date publications in the literature on sports injury prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D Stephenson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York at Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Joseph W Kocan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York at Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Amrit V Vinod
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York at Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Melissa A Kluczynski
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York at Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Leslie J Bisson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York at Buffalo, New York, USA
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Wang C, Vander Voort W, Haus BM, Carter CW. COVID-19 and Youth Sports: What Are the Risks of Getting Back on the Field Too Quickly? Pediatr Ann 2021; 50:e465-e469. [PMID: 34757879 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20211019-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The widespread shutdown in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, although varied across state and county levels, has undoubtedly impacted everyone to some degree. Within the pediatric population, the closure of schools and organized youth athletic programs has resulted in a unique situation that has made athletes physically deconditioned and at risk for injury. As sports and competition gradually restart, there are considerable risks to the skeletally immature athlete. The anatomic and physiologic changes that occur to bone and cartilage during growth make the young athlete particularly susceptible to both acute and overuse injuries. In the context of the pandemic, deconditioning, obesity, lack of variety, and the resultant mental health burden pose unique challenges in ensuring that young athletes safely return to the field. This review aims to identify risk factors for sport-related injuries and to outline strategies for minimizing these injuries as pediatric patients return-to-play after COVID-19. [Pediatr Ann. 2021;50(11):e465-e469.].
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Yamada AF, Puchnick A, Filho FRP, Narahashi E, Arliani GG, de Castro Pochini A, da Rocha Correa Fernandes A. Hip apophyseal injuries in soccer players: can MRI findings be useful to define when to return to play? Skeletal Radiol 2021; 50:2273-2280. [PMID: 33970287 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-021-03797-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in professional soccer players with acute apophyseal injury of the hip and to assess their relationship with return to sports. MATERIAL AND METHODS Adolescent soccer players with diagnosis of apophyseal injury in the anterosuperior and anteroinferior iliac spine were retrospectively evaluated between 2008 and 2016. All athletes underwent hip MRI examination within 4 days after onset of clinical complaint. Images were independently analyzed by two radiologists. Medical records were reviewed to obtain clinical data. RESULTS Mean displacement of the apophysis was 4.8 ± 4.6 mm. Bone edema was present in 82% of athletes and muscular edema in 41%. The mean time to return to sports was 37.3 ± 14.7 days. The difference between the measurements of the two radiologists was close to zero with agreement limits below 1.0 mm (p < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between displacement of the apophysis and return to sports, as well as between both and the presence of muscular edema. A displacement of the apophysis of 3.0 mm might serve as a parameter to predict return to sports/activity before 40 days, with a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 96%, considering conservative physiotherapy treatment. CONCLUSION Displacement of the apophysis and presence of muscular edema evaluated by MRI showed a significant correlation with return to sports in athletes with acute apophyseal injuries of the anterosuperior and anteroinferior iliac spines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Fukunishi Yamada
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 800, São Paulo, SP, 04024-002, Brazil.
- Department of Radiology, Hospital do Coração - HCor and Teleimagem, Rua Desembargador Eliseu Guilherme, 53, 7th Floor, São Paulo, 04004-030, Brazil.
- ALTA Diagnostic Center (DASA Group), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Andrea Puchnick
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 800, São Paulo, SP, 04024-002, Brazil
| | - Frederico Roberto Pollack Filho
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 800, São Paulo, SP, 04024-002, Brazil
| | - Erica Narahashi
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 800, São Paulo, SP, 04024-002, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Gonçalves Arliani
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 715, 1st Floor, São Paulo, 04024-002, Brazil
| | - Alberto de Castro Pochini
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 715, 1st Floor, São Paulo, 04024-002, Brazil
| | - Artur da Rocha Correa Fernandes
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 800, São Paulo, SP, 04024-002, Brazil
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Szymski D, Opitz S, Pfeifer C, Rupp M, Angele P, Alt V, Krutsch W, Krutsch V. High injury rates and weak injury prevention strategies in football referees at all levels of play. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 32:391-401. [PMID: 34657335 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Football referees need other physiological requirements on field than football players and are affected by different types of injury. The absence of referees may result in canceled matches, so special focus should be placed on injury prevention through specific training programs for referees. This study retrospectively analyzed injury occurrence and prevention strategies for German football referees at the different levels of play over one season. Data were collected by means of seasonal injury reports based on the consensus statement of injury definition and data collection. Of the 923 participating referees, 91 (9.9%) played at the professional level, 151 (16.3%) at the semi-professional, and 681 (73.8%) at the amateur level. 86.2% (n = 796) were men and 13.8% (n = 127) women. Referees at the amateur level showed the highest injury incidence (3.14/1000 h football) compared to referees at the semi-professional (1.92/1000 h; p < 0.001) and professional level (1.01/1000 h; p < 0.001). Most referees at the amateur (n = 372; 56.4%) and semi-professional level (n = 46; 31.3%) conducted warm-up programs of <10 min, whereas the mean warm-up duration of professional referees was >11 min (n = 75; 82.4%). Although running and stretching exercises were common among referees during warm-up, preventive exercises focusing on coordination and trunk muscles were less frequent, especially among amateur referees (jumping: 15.9%; strengthening: 9.7%; balance exercises: 7.9%). Injury incidence was highest at lower amateur levels, which thus has specific need for injury prevention. Appropriate training exercises to prevent injuries of referees were weak at all levels of play, especially the lack of strength, plyometric, and balance exercises in training and warm-up programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Szymski
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Opitz
- Department of General Surgery, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Pfeifer
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Rupp
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Angele
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Volker Alt
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Werner Krutsch
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,SportDocs Franken, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Volker Krutsch
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Paracelsus Medical University Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
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How injury registration and preseason assessment are being delivered: An international survey of sports physical therapists. Phys Ther Sport 2021; 53:151-157. [PMID: 34521585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the role of sports physical therapists (PT) in the organization of injury registration and preseason assessment, applied in athletic organizations and sports teams of different gender and level world-wide. DESIGN cross-sectional study. SETTING LimeSurvey platform. PARTICIPANTS Sports PTs working with athletes invited through International Federation of Sports Physical Therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES injury registration and athlete's screening. RESULTS 414 sports PTs participated in this international survey (mean age of 37.66 (SD = 9.38) years). 340 participants indicated that the PT as the responsible for injury registration. Barriers to properly register injury throughout the season were indicated by 157 sports PT and 86 (54.77%) indicated a lack of time on their routine as the main factor. 93 participants (30.09%) indicated that they customize the prevention program based on the preseason assessment. Sports PTs who reported not performing a preseason assessment (92 participants - 22.22%) mainly indicated this to be consequence of lack of structure in the organization (44 participants - 47.82%). CONCLUSION The majority of the sports PTs participate on injury registration and perform preseason assessment in athletes. However, lack of time in their routine and structure in the organization were recognized as the most important barriers to organize these properly.
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