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Bovine adapted transmissible mink encephalopathy is similar to L-BSE after passage through sheep with the VRQ/VRQ genotype but not VRQ/ARQ. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:383. [PMID: 33032590 PMCID: PMC7545885 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02611-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) is a fatal neurologic disease of farmed mink. Evidence indicates that TME and L-BSE are similar and may be linked in some outbreaks of TME. We previously transmitted bovine adapted TME (bTME) to sheep. The present study compared ovine passaged bTME (o-bTME) to C-BSE and L-BSE in transgenic mice expressing wild type bovine prion protein (TgBovXV). To directly compare the transmission efficiency of all prion strains in this study, we considered the attack rates and mean incubation periods. Additional methods for strain comparison were utilized including lesion profiles, fibril stability, and western blotting. Results Sheep donor genotype elicited variable disease phenotypes in bovinized mice. Inoculum derived from a sheep with the VRQ/VRQ genotype (o-bTMEVV) resulted in an attack rate, incubation period, western blot profile, and neuropathology most similar to bTME and L-BSE. Conversely, donor material from a sheep with the VRQ/ARQ genotype (o-bTMEAV) elicited a phenotype distinct from o-bTMEVV, bTME and L-BSE. The TSE with the highest transmission efficiency in bovinized mice was L-BSE. The tendency to efficiently transmit to TgBovXV mice decreased in the order bTME, C-BSE, o-bTMEVV, and o-bTMEAV. The transmission efficiency of L-BSE was approximately 1.3 times higher than o-bTMEVV and 3.2 times higher than o-bTMEAV. Conclusions Our findings provide insight on how sheep host genotype modulates strain genesis and influences interspecies transmission characteristics. Given that the transmission efficiencies of L-BSE and bTME are higher than C-BSE, coupled with previous reports of L-BSE transmission to mice expressing the human prion protein, continued monitoring for atypical BSE is advisable in order to prevent occurrences of interspecies transmission that may affect humans or other species.
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Miyazawa K, Masujin K, Matsuura Y, Iwamaru Y, Okada H. Influence of Interspecies Transmission of Atypical Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Prions to Hamsters on Prion Characteristics. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:94. [PMID: 32195273 PMCID: PMC7062703 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a prion disease in cattle and is classified into the classical type (C-BSE) and two atypical BSEs, designated as high type (H-BSE) and low type (L-BSE). These classifications are based on the electrophoretic migration of the proteinase K-resistant core (PrPres) of the disease-associated form of the prion protein (PrPd). In a previous study, we succeeded in transmitting the H-BSE prion from cattle to TgHaNSE mice overexpressing normal hamster cellular PrP (PrPC). Further, Western blot analysis demonstrated that PrPres banding patterns of the H-BSE prion were indistinguishable from those of the C-BSE prion in TgHaNSE mice. In addition, similar PrPres glycoprofiles were detected among H-, C-, and L-BSE prions in TgHaNSE mice. Therefore, to better understand atypical BSE prions after interspecies transmission, H-BSE prion transmission from TgHaNSE mice to hamsters was investigated, and the characteristics of classical and atypical BSE prions among hamsters, wild-type mice, and mice overexpressing bovine PrPC (TgBoPrP) were compared in this study using biochemical and neuropathological methods. Identical PrPres banding patterns were confirmed between TgHaNSE mice and hamsters in the case of all three BSE prion strains. However, these PrPres banding patterns differed from those of TgBoPrP and wild-type mice infected with the H-BSE prion. In addition, glycoprofiles of TgHaNSE mice and hamsters infected with the L-BSE prion differed from those of TgBoPrP mice infected with the L-BSE prion. These data indicate that the PrPC amino acid sequences of new host species rather than other host environmental factors may affect some molecular aspects of atypical BSE prions. Although three BSE prion strains were distinguishable based on the neuropathological features in hamsters, interspecies transmission modified some molecular properties of atypical BSE prions, and these properties were indistinguishable from those of C-BSE prions in hamsters. Taken together, PrPres banding patterns and glycoprofiles are considered to be key factors for BSE strain typing. However, this study also revealed that interspecies transmission could sometimes influence these characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohtaro Miyazawa
- Viral Ecology Unit, National Institute of Institute of Animal Health (NIAH), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Yuichi Matsuura
- Viral Ecology Unit, National Institute of Institute of Animal Health (NIAH), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Iwamaru
- Viral Ecology Unit, National Institute of Institute of Animal Health (NIAH), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Department of Planning and General Administration, NIAH, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
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Hagiwara K, Sato Y, Yamakawa Y, Hara H, Tobiume M, Okemoto-Nakamura Y, Sata T, Horiuchi M, Shibata H, Ono F. Tracking and clarifying differential traits of classical- and atypical L-type bovine spongiform encephalopathy prions after transmission from cattle to cynomolgus monkeys. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216807. [PMID: 31095605 PMCID: PMC6522098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical- (C-) and atypical L-type bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) prions cause different pathological phenotypes in cattle brains, and the disease-associated forms of each prion protein (PrPSc) has a dissimilar biochemical signature. Bovine C-BSE prions are the causative agent of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. To date, human infection with L-BSE prions has not been reported, but they can be transmitted experimentally from cows to cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis), a non-human primate model. When transmitted to monkeys, C- and L-BSE prions induce different pathological phenotypes in the brain. However, when isolated from infected brains, the two prion proteins (PrPSc) have similar biochemical signatures (i.e., electrophoretic mobility, glycoforms, and resistance to proteinase K). Such similarities suggest the possibility that L-BSE prions alter their virulence to that of C-BSE prions during propagation in monkeys. To clarify this possibility, we conducted bioassays using inbred mice. C-BSE prions with or without propagation in monkeys were pathogenic to mice, and exhibited comparable incubation periods in secondary passage in mice. By contrast, L-BSE prions, either with or without propagation in monkeys, did not cause the disease in mice, indicating that the pathogenicity of L-BSE prions does not converge towards a C-BSE prion type in this primate model. These results suggest that, although C- and L-BSE prions propagated in cynomolgus monkeys exhibit similar biochemical PrPSc signatures and consist of the monkey amino acid sequence, the two prions maintain strain-specific conformations of PrPSc in which they encipher and retain unique pathogenic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken’ichi Hagiwara
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yuko Sato
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Yamakawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Hara
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Tobiume
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Okemoto-Nakamura
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsutaro Sata
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiro Horiuchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shibata
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Fumiko Ono
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Miyazawa K, Masujin K, Matsuura Y, Iwamaru Y, Yokoyama T, Okada H. Interspecies transmission to bovinized transgenic mice uncovers new features of a CH1641-like scrapie isolate. Vet Res 2018; 49:116. [PMID: 30486902 PMCID: PMC6262972 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0611-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In animal prion diseases, including bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle, chronic wasting disease in cervids, and scrapie in sheep and goats, a disease-associated isoform of prion protein (PrPd) accumulates in the brains of affected animals. Although the CH1641 scrapie isolate was experimentally established in the UK, a few natural CH1641-like scrapie cases have been reported in France and the UK. The molecular mass of the unglycosylated protease-resistant core of PrPd (PrPres) is known to be similar between CH1641-like scrapie and experimental BSE in sheep. We previously established an experimental CH1641-like scrapie isolate (Sh294) from a natural classical scrapie case. Here, we demonstrated that the Sh294 isolate was independent of both classical and atypical BSEs by cross-species transmission to bovine PrP overexpressing (TgBoPrP) mice and wild-type mice. Interestingly, we found that the Sh294 isolate altered its host range by the transmission to TgBoPrP mice, and we succeeded in the first stable reproduction of CH1641-like scrapie specific PrPres banding patterns with the ~12-kDa small C-terminal fragment in wild-type mice. This study provides new insight into the relationship between CH1641-like scrapie isolates and BSEs. In addition, interspecies transmission models such as we have demonstrated here could be a great help to investigate the origin and host range of animal prions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohtaro Miyazawa
- Prion Disease Unit, Division of Transboundary Animal Disease, National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Masujin
- Exotic Disease Research Unit, Division of Transboundary Animal Diseases, NIAH, NARO, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Matsuura
- Prion Disease Unit, Division of Transboundary Animal Disease, National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Iwamaru
- Prion Disease Unit, Division of Transboundary Animal Disease, National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Yokoyama
- Department of Planning and General Administration, NIAH, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Prion Disease Unit, Division of Transboundary Animal Disease, National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Gielbert A, Thorne JK, Plater JM, Thorne L, Griffiths PC, Simmons MM, Cassar CA. Molecular characterisation of atypical BSE prions by mass spectrometry and changes following transmission to sheep and transgenic mouse models. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206505. [PMID: 30408075 PMCID: PMC6224059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The prion hypothesis proposes a causal relationship between the misfolded prion protein (PrPSc) molecular entity and the disease transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE). Variations in the conformation of PrPSc are associated with different forms of TSE and different risks to animal and human health. Since the discovery of atypical forms of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in 2003, scientists have progressed the molecular characterisation of the associated PrPSc in order to better understand these risks, both in cattle as the natural host and following experimental transmission to other species. Here we report the development of a mass spectrometry based assay for molecular characterisation of bovine proteinase K (PK) treated PrPSc (PrPres) by quantitative identification of its N-terminal amino acid profiles (N-TAAPs) and tryptic peptides. We have applied the assay to classical, H-type and L-type BSE prions purified from cattle, transgenic (Tg) mice expressing the bovine (Tg110 and Tg1896) or ovine (TgEM16) prion protein gene, and sheep brain. We determined that, for classical BSE in cattle, the G96 N-terminal cleavage site dominated, while the range of cleavage sites was wider following transmission to Tg mice and sheep. For L-BSE in cattle and Tg bovinised mice, a C-terminal shift was identified in the N-TAAP distribution compared to classical BSE, consistent with observations by Western blot (WB). For L-BSE transmitted to sheep, both N-TAAP and tryptic peptide profiles were found to be changed compared to cattle, but less so following transmission to Tg ovinised mice. Relative abundances of aglycosyl peptides were found to be significantly different between the atypical BSE forms in cattle as well as in other hosts. The enhanced resolution provided by molecular analysis of PrPres using mass spectrometry has improved insight into the molecular changes following transmission of atypical BSE to other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Gielbert
- Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Jemma K. Thorne
- Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Jane M. Plater
- Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Leigh Thorne
- Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Peter C. Griffiths
- Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Marion M. Simmons
- Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Claire A. Cassar
- Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
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