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Tang C, Hu X, Tang J, Wang L, Liu X, Peng Y, Xia Y, Xie J. The symbiont Acinetobacter baumannii enhances the insect host resistance to entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1184. [PMID: 39300313 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06779-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Major symbiotic organisms have evolved to establish beneficial relationships with hosts. However, understanding the interactions between symbionts and insect hosts, particularly for their roles in defense against pathogens, is still limited. In a previous study, we proposed that the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae can infect the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens, a harmful pest for rice crops. To expand on this, we investigated changes in N. lugens' intestinal commensal community after M. anisopliae infection and identified key gut microbiotas involved. Our results showed significant alterations in gut microbiota abundance and composition at different time points following infection with M. anisopliae. Notably, certain symbionts, like Acinetobacter baumannii, exhibited significant variations in response to the fungal infection. The decrease in these symbionts had a considerable impact on the insect host's survival. Interestingly, reintroducing A. baumannii enhanced the host's resistance to M. anisopliae, emphasizing its role in pathogen defense. Additionally, A. baumannii stimulated host immune responses, as evidenced by increased expression of immune genes after reintroduction. Overall, our findings highlight the significance of preserving a stable gut microbial community for the survival of insects. In specific conditions, the symbiotic microorganism A. baumannii can enhance the host's ability to resist entomopathogenic pathogens through immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Genetic Engineering Research Center, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 405200, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Wuhan Kernel Bio-tech Co. Ltd, Guannanyuan Road No.17, Guannan Industrial Park, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jifeng Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Genetic Engineering Research Center, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 405200, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Genetic Engineering Research Center, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 405200, China
| | - Xuewei Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Genetic Engineering Research Center, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 405200, China
| | - Yifan Peng
- Wuhan Kernel Bio-tech Co. Ltd, Guannanyuan Road No.17, Guannan Industrial Park, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yuxian Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Genetic Engineering Research Center, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 405200, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides (Joint institute-Chongqing University), Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticides, Chongqing, 405200, China.
- Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technology under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing, 405200, China.
| | - Jiaqin Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Genetic Engineering Research Center, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 405200, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides (Joint institute-Chongqing University), Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticides, Chongqing, 405200, China.
- Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technology under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing, 405200, China.
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Zhang B, Yang W, He Q, Chen H, Che B, Bai X. Analysis of differential effects of host plants on the gut microbes of Rhoptroceros cyatheae. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1392586. [PMID: 38962140 PMCID: PMC11221597 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1392586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
As an indispensable part of insects, intestinal symbiotic bacteria play a vital role in the growth and development of insects and their adaptability. Rhoptroceros cyatheae, the main pest of the relict plant Alsophila spinulosa, poses a serious threat to the development of the A. spinulosa population. In the present study, 16S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer high-throughput sequencing techniques were used to analyze the structure of intestinal microbes and the diversity of the insect feeding on two different plants, as well as the similarities between the intestinal microorganisms of R. cyatheae. The dominant bacteria of leaf endophytes were also compared based on the sequencing data. The results showed that Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla of intestinal bacteria, and Ascomycota was the dominant phylum of intestinal fungi. Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium, Methylobacterium-Methylorubrum, and Enterococcus were the dominant genera in the intestine of R. cyatheae feeding on two plants, and the relative abundance was significantly different between the two groups. Candida was the common dominant genus of intestinal fungi in the two groups, and no significant difference was observed in its abundance between the two groups. This showed that compared with the intestinal fungi of R. cyatheae, the abundance of the intestinal bacteria was greatly affected by food. The common core microbiota between the microorganisms in A. spinulosa leaves and the insect gut indicated the presence of a microbial exchange between the two. The network correlation diagram showed that the gut microbes of R. cyatheae feeding on Gymnosphaera metteniana were more closely related to each other, which could help the host to better cope with the adverse external environment. This study provides a theoretical basis for the adaptation mechanism of R. cyatheae and a new direction for the effective prevention and control of R. cyatheae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingchen Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Weicheng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Qinqin He
- Guizhou Chishui Alsophila National Nature Reserve Administration Bureau, Chishui, Guizhou, China
| | - Hangdan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Bingjie Che
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Bai
- Guizhou Chishui Alsophila National Nature Reserve Administration Bureau, Chishui, Guizhou, China
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Rudra Gouda M, Kumaranag K, Ramakrishnan B, Subramanian S. Deciphering the complex interplay between gut microbiota and crop residue breakdown in forager and hive bees ( Apis mellifera L.). CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2024; 6:100233. [PMID: 38572354 PMCID: PMC10990707 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates A. mellifera gut microbiota diversity and enzymatic activities, aiming to utilize identified isolates for practical applications in sustainable crop residue management and soil health enhancement. This study sampled honey bees, analyzed gut bacterial diversity via 16S rRNA gene, and screened isolates for cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic, and pectinolytic activities, with subsequent assessment of enzymatic potential. The study reveals that cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic bacterial isolates, mainly from γ-Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes, have significant potential for crop residue management. Some genera, like Aneurinibacillus, Bacillus, Clostridium, Enterobacter, Serratia, Stenotrophomonas, Apilactobacillus, Lysinibacillus, and Pseudomonas, are very good at breaking down cellulose and hemicellulase. Notable cellulose-degrading genera include Cedecea (1.390 ± 0.57), Clostridium (1.360 ± 0.86 U/mg), Enterobacter (1.493 ± 1.10 U/mg), Klebsiella (1.380 ± 2.03 U/mg), and Serratia (1.402 ± 0.31 U/mg), while Aneurinibacillus (1.213 ± 1.12 U/mg), Bacillus (3.119 ± 0.55 U/mg), Enterobacter (1.042 ± 0.14 U/mg), Serratia (1.589 ± 0.05 U/mg), and Xanthomonas (1.156 ± 0.08 U/mg) excel in hemicellulase activity. Specific isolates with high cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic activities are identified, highlighting their potential for crop residue management. The research explores gut bacterial compartmentalization in A. mellifera, emphasising gut physiology's role in cellulose and hemicellulose digestion. Pectinolytic activity is observed, particularly in the Bacillaceae clade (3.229 ± 0.02), contributing to understanding the honey bee gut microbiome. The findings offer insights into microbiome diversity and enzymatic capabilities, with implications for biotechnological applications in sustainable crop residue management. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for ongoing research to uncover underlying mechanisms and ecological factors influencing gut microbiota, impacting honey bee health, colony dynamics, and advancements in crop residue management.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.N. Rudra Gouda
- Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - K.M. Kumaranag
- Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - B. Ramakrishnan
- Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
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Liu Y, Zhang L, Cai X, Rutikanga A, Qiu B, Hou Y. The Diversity of Wolbachia and Other Bacterial Symbionts in Spodoptera frugiperda. INSECTS 2024; 15:217. [PMID: 38667347 PMCID: PMC11050099 DOI: 10.3390/insects15040217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial symbionts associated with insects can be crucial in insect nutrition, metabolism, immune responses, development, and reproduction. However, the bacterial symbionts of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda remain unclear. S. frugiperda is an invasive polyphagous pest that severely damages many crops, particularly maize and wheat. Here, we investigated the infection, composition, abundance, and diversity of bacterial symbionts, especially Wolbachia, in different tissues of S. frugiperda female adults. The infection prevalence frequencies of Wolbachia in five provinces of China, namely Pu'er, Yunnan; Nanning, Guangxi; Sanya, Hainan; Yunfu, Guangdong; and Nanping, Fujian, were assessed. The results indicated that Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes were the three most dominant bacterial phyla in S. frugiperda adults. At the genus level, the abundant microbiota, which included Enterobacter and Enterococcus, varied in abundance between tissues of S. frugiperda. Wolbachia was found in the ovaries and salivary glands of S. frugiperda adults, and was present in 33.33% of the Pu'er, Yunnan, 23.33% of the Nanning, Guangxi, and 13.33% of the Sanya, Hainan populations, but Wolbachia was absent in the Yunfu, Guangdong and Nanping, Fujian populations. Further phylogenetic analyses revealed that all of the Wolbachia strains from the different S. frugiperda populations belonged to the supergroup B and were named the wFru strain. Since there were Wolbachia strains inducing cytoplasmic incompatibility in supergroup B, these findings may provide a foundation for developing potential biocontrol techniques against S. frugiperda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.L.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biotechnology for Active Substances, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.L.)
| | - Xiangyun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.L.)
| | - Alexandre Rutikanga
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, University of Rwanda, Kigali 999051, Rwanda
| | - Baoli Qiu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biotechnology for Active Substances, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Youming Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.L.)
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Montoya-Ciriaco N, Hereira-Pacheco S, Estrada-Torres A, Dendooven L, Méndez de la Cruz FR, Gómez-Acata ES, Díaz de la Vega-Pérez AH, Navarro-Noya YE. Maternal transmission of bacterial microbiota during embryonic development in a viviparous lizard. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0178023. [PMID: 37847033 PMCID: PMC10714757 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01780-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE We investigated the presence and diversity of bacteria in the embryos of the viviparous lizard Sceloporus grammicus and their amniotic environment. We compared this diversity to that found in the maternal intestine, mouth, and cloaca. We detected bacterial DNA in the embryos, albeit with a lower bacterial species diversity than found in maternal tissues. Most of the bacterial species detected in the embryos were also found in the mother, although not all of them. Interestingly, we detected a high similarity in the composition of bacterial species among embryos from different mothers. These findings suggest that there may be a mechanism controlling the transmission of bacteria from the mother to the embryo. Our results highlight the possibility that the interaction between maternal bacteria and the embryo may affect the development of the lizards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Montoya-Ciriaco
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Stephanie Hereira-Pacheco
- Estación Científica La Malinche, Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Arturo Estrada-Torres
- Estación Científica La Malinche, Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Luc Dendooven
- Laboratory of Soil Ecology, CINVESTAV, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fausto R. Méndez de la Cruz
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Selene Gómez-Acata
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Bióticas, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Aníbal H. Díaz de la Vega-Pérez
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Humanidades y Tecnología-Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala., Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Yendi E. Navarro-Noya
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Bióticas, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
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Zhang Y, Zhang S, Xu L. The pivotal roles of gut microbiota in insect plant interactions for sustainable pest management. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:66. [PMID: 37735530 PMCID: PMC10514296 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00435-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota serves as a critical "organ" in the life cycle of animals, particularly in the intricate interplay between herbivorous pests and plants. This review summarizes the pivotal functions of the gut microbiota in mediating the insect-plant interactions, encompassing their influence on host insects, modulation of plant physiology, and regulation of the third trophic level species within the ecological network. Given these significant functions, it is plausible to harness these interactions and their underlying mechanisms to develop novel eco-friendly pest control strategies. In this context, we also outline some emerging pest control methods based on the intestinal microbiota or bacteria-mediated interactions, such as symbiont-mediated RNAi and paratransgenesis, albeit these are still in their nascent stages and confront numerous challenges. Overall, both opportunities and challenges coexist in the exploration of the intestinal microbiota-mediated interactions between insect pests and plants, which will not only enrich the fundamental knowledge of plant-insect interactions but also facilitate the development of sustainable pest control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 430062, Wuhan, China
| | - Shouke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, 311300, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Letian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 430062, Wuhan, China.
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Wang X, Wang H, Zeng J, Cui Z, Geng S, Song X, Zhang F, Su X, Li H. Distinct gut bacterial composition in Anoplophora glabripennis reared on two host plants. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1199994. [PMID: 37405158 PMCID: PMC10315502 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1199994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) is an invasive wood borer pest that has caused considerable damage to forests. Gut bacteria are of great importance in the biology and ecology of herbivores, especially in growth and adaptation; however, change in the gut bacterial community of this pest feeding on different hosts is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the gut bacterial communities of A. glabripennis larvae fed on different preferred hosts, Salix matsudana and Ulmus pumila, using 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology. A total of 15 phyla, 25 classes, 65 orders, 114 families, 188 genera, and 170 species were annotated in the gut of A. glabripennis larvae fed on S. matsudana or U. pumila using a 97% similarity cutoff level. The dominant phyla were Firmicutes and Proteobacteria and the core dominant genera were Enterococcus, Gibbsiella, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, and Klebsiella. There was significantly higher alpha diversity in the U. pumila group than in the S. matsudana group, and principal co-ordinate analysis showed significant differences in gut bacterial communities between the two groups. The genera with significant abundance differences between the two groups were Gibbsiella, Enterobacter, Leuconostoc, Rhodobacter, TM7a, norank, Rhodobacter, and Aurantisolimonas, indicating that the abundance of larval gut bacteria was affected by feeding on different hosts. Further network diagrams showed that the complexity of the network structure and the modularity were higher in the U. pumila group than in the S. matsudana group, suggesting more diverse gut bacteria in the U. pumila group. The dominant role of most gut microbiota was related to fermentation and chemoheterotrophy, and specific OTUs positively correlated with different functions were reported. Our study provides an essential resource for the gut bacteria functional study of A. glabripennis associated with host diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Wang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Hualing Wang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Urban Forest Health Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Jianyong Zeng
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Germplasm Resources and Protection of Hebei Province, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Zezhao Cui
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Shilong Geng
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaofei Song
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Fengjuan Zhang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoyu Su
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Urban Forest Health Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Huiping Li
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Urban Forest Health Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
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Seman-Kamarulzaman AF, Pariamiskal FA, Azidi AN, Hassan M. A Review on Digestive System of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus as Potential Target to Develop Control Strategies. INSECTS 2023; 14:506. [PMID: 37367322 PMCID: PMC10299146 DOI: 10.3390/insects14060506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, commonly known as red palm weevil (RPW), is a high-risk insect pest that has become a threat to many important palm species. There are several dominant factors that lead to the successful infestation of RPW, including its stealthy lifestyle, highly chitinized mouthpart, and high fecundity rate. Due to that, millions of dollars of losses have been suffered by many countries invaded by RPW. Several methods have been designed to control its invasion, including the usage of insecticides, but many cause resistance and environmental pollution. Therefore, an environmentally friendly insecticide that targets specific systems or pathways in RPW is urgently needed. One of the potential targets is the digestive system of RPW, as it is the major interface between the insect and its plant host. The related knowledge of RPW's digestive system, such as the anatomy, microflora, transcriptomic analysis, and proteomic analysis, is important to understand its effects on RPW's survival. Several data from different omics regarding the digestive systems of RPW have been published in separate reports. Some of the potential targets have been reported to be inhibited by certain potential insecticides, while other targets have not yet been tested with any inhibitors. Hence, this review may lead to a better understanding on managing infestations of RPW using the system biology approach for its digestive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad-Faris Seman-Kamarulzaman
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.-F.S.-K.); (F.A.P.)
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang, Bandar Tun Abdul Razak Jengka 26400, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Faizatul Atikah Pariamiskal
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.-F.S.-K.); (F.A.P.)
| | - Amiratul Nabihah Azidi
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.-F.S.-K.); (F.A.P.)
| | - Maizom Hassan
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.-F.S.-K.); (F.A.P.)
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Li Y, Chang L, Xu K, Zhang S, Gao F, Fan Y. Research Progresses on the Function and Detection Methods of Insect Gut Microbes. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1208. [PMID: 37317182 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The insect gut is home to an extensive array of microbes that play a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients, as well as in the protection against pathogenic microorganisms. The variety of these gut microbes is impacted by factors such as age, diet, pesticides, antibiotics, sex, and caste. Increasing evidence indicates that disturbances in the gut microbiota can lead to compromised insect health, and that its diversity has a far-reaching impact on the host's health. In recent years, the use of molecular biology techniques to conduct rapid, qualitative, and quantitative research on the host intestinal microbial diversity has become a major focus, thanks to the advancement of metagenomics and bioinformatics technologies. This paper reviews the main functions, influencing factors, and detection methods of insect gut microbes, in order to provide a reference and theoretical basis for better research utilization of gut microbes and management of harmful insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazi Li
- Tangshan Key Laboratory of Agricultural Pathogenic Fungi and Toxins, Department of Life Science, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Liyun Chang
- Tangshan Key Laboratory of Agricultural Pathogenic Fungi and Toxins, Department of Life Science, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Tangshan Key Laboratory of Agricultural Pathogenic Fungi and Toxins, Department of Life Science, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Shuhong Zhang
- Tangshan Key Laboratory of Agricultural Pathogenic Fungi and Toxins, Department of Life Science, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Fengju Gao
- Tangshan Key Laboratory of Agricultural Pathogenic Fungi and Toxins, Department of Life Science, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Yongshan Fan
- Tangshan Key Laboratory of Agricultural Pathogenic Fungi and Toxins, Department of Life Science, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan 063000, China
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Shu Q, Wang Y, Gu H, Zhu Q, Liu W, Dai Y, Li F, Li B. Effects of artificial diet breeding on intestinal microbial populations at the young stage of silkworm (Bombyx mori). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023:e22019. [PMID: 37096338 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The silkworm (Bombyx mori) is an economically important insect and serves as a model organism for Lepidoptera. To investigate the effects of the intestinal microbial population on the growth and development of larvae fed an artificial diet (AD) during the young stages, we analyzed the characteristics of the intestinal microbial population using 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology. Our results revealed that the intestinal flora of the AD group tended to be simple by the 3rd-instar, which Lactobacillus accounting for 14.85% and leading to a decreased pH in the intestinal fluid. In contrast, the intestinal flora of silkworms in the mulberry leaf (ML) group showed continuous growth of diversity, with Proteobacteria accounting for 37.10%, Firmicutes accounting for 21.44%, and Actinobacteria accounting for 17.36%. Additionally, we detected the activity of intestinal digestive enzymes at different instars and found that the activity of digestive enzymes in the AD group increased by larval instar. Protease activity in the AD group was lower during the 1st- to 3rd-instars compared to the ML group, while α-amylase and lipase activities were significantly higher in the AD group during the 2nd- and 3rd-instar compared to the ML group. Furthermore, our experimental results indicated that changes in the intestinal population decreased the pH and affected the activity of proteases, which might contribute to the slower growth and development of larvae in the AD group. In summary, this study provides a reference for investigating the relationship between artificial diet and intestinal flora balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Shu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuanfei Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haoyi Gu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Suzhou Taihu Snow Silk Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Dai
- Suzhou Taihu Snow Silk Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Fanchi Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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11
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Xie R, Dong C, Wang S, Danso B, Dar MA, Pandit RS, Pawar KD, Geng A, Zhu D, Li X, Xu Q, Sun J. Host-Specific Diversity of Culturable Bacteria in the Gut Systems of Fungus-Growing Termites and Their Potential Functions towards Lignocellulose Bioconversion. INSECTS 2023; 14:403. [PMID: 37103218 PMCID: PMC10146277 DOI: 10.3390/insects14040403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Fungus-growing termites are eusocial insects that represent one of the most efficient and unique systems for lignocellulose bioconversion, evolved from a sophisticated symbiosis with lignocellulolytic fungi and gut bacterial communities. Despite a plethora of information generated during the last century, some essential information on gut bacterial profiles and their unique contributions to wood digestion in some fungus-growing termites is still inadequate. Hence, using the culture-dependent approach, the present study aims to assess and compare the diversity of lignocellulose-degrading bacterial symbionts within the gut systems of three fungus-growing termites: Ancistrotermes pakistanicus, Odontotermes longignathus, and Macrotermes sp. A total of 32 bacterial species, belonging to 18 genera and 10 different families, were successfully isolated and identified from three fungus-growing termites using Avicel or xylan as the sole source of carbon. Enterobacteriaceae was the most dominant family represented by 68.1% of the total bacteria, followed by Yersiniaceae (10.6%) and Moraxellaceae (9%). Interestingly, five bacterial genera such as Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Acinetobacter, Trabulsiella, and Kluyvera were common among the tested termites, while the other bacteria demonstrated a termite-specific distribution. Further, the lignocellulolytic potential of selected bacterial strains was tested on agricultural waste to evaluate their capability for lignocellulose bioconversion. The highest substrate degradation was achieved with E. chengduensis MA11 which degraded 45.52% of rice straw. All of the potential strains showed endoglucanase, exoglucanase, and xylanase activities depicting a symbiotic role towards the lignocellulose digestion within the termite gut. The above results indicated that fungus-growing termites harbor a diverse array of bacterial symbionts that differ from species to species, which may play an inevitable role to enhance the degradation efficacy in lignocellulose decomposition. The present study further elaborates our knowledge about the termite-bacteria symbiosis for lignocellulose bioconversion which could be helpful to design a future biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Xie
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Chenchen Dong
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shengjie Wang
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Blessing Danso
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Mudasir A. Dar
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | | | - Kiran D. Pawar
- School of Nanoscience and Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, India
| | - Alei Geng
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Daochen Zhu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xia Li
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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12
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Puentes-Cala E, Atehortúa-Bueno M, Tapia-Perdomo V, Navarro-Escalante L, Hernández-Torres J, Castillo-Villamizar G. First insights into the gut microbiome of Diatraea saccharalis: From a sugarcane pest to a reservoir of new bacteria with biotechnological potential. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1027527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A country’s biodiversity is a key resource for the development of a sustainable bioeconomy. However, often the most biodiverse countries on the planet hardly profit from their biological diversity. On the contrary, occasionally components of that biodiversity become a threat to society and its food sustainability. That is the case of the sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis. Here, the analysis of the bacteria associated with the digestive tract of D. saccharalis reveals a rich and diverse microbiota. Two types of diets were analyzed under laboratory conditions. The metataxonomic analysis revealed a number of taxa common to most of the larval pools analyzed with relative abundances exceeding 5%, and five families of bacteria which have also been reported in the gut of another Lepidoptera. A large fraction of microorganisms detected by amplicon sequencing were considered to be rare and difficult to cultivate. However, among the cultivable microorganisms, 12 strains with relevant biotechnological features were identified. The strain that showed the highest cellulolytic activity (GCEP-101) was genome sequenced. The analysis of the GCEP-101 complete genome revealed that the values of 16S rRNA identity, the Average Nucleotide Identity, and the digital DNA–DNA hybridization place the strain as a candidate for a new species within the genus Pseudomonas. Moreover, the genome annotation of the putative new species evidenced the presence of genes associated with cellulose degradation, revealing the hidden potential of the pest as a reservoir of biotechnologically relevant microorganisms.
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13
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Juottonen H, Moghadam NN, Murphy L, Mappes J, Galarza JA. Host's genetic background determines the outcome of reciprocal faecal transplantation on life-history traits and microbiome composition. Anim Microbiome 2022; 4:67. [PMID: 36564793 PMCID: PMC9789590 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-022-00210-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbes play a role in their host's fundamental ecological, chemical, and physiological processes. Host life-history traits from defence to growth are therefore determined not only by the abiotic environment and genotype but also by microbiota composition. However, the relative importance and interactive effects of these factors may vary between organisms. Such connections remain particularly elusive in Lepidoptera, which have been argued to lack a permanent microbiome and have microbiota primarily determined by their diet and environment. We tested the microbiome specificity and its influence on life-history traits of two colour genotypes of the wood tiger moth (Arctia plantaginis) that differ in several traits, including growth. All individuals were grown in the laboratory for several generations with standardized conditions. We analyzed the bacterial community of the genotypes before and after a reciprocal frass (i.e., larval faeces) transplantation and followed growth rate, pupal mass, and the production of defensive secretion. RESULTS After transplantation, the fast-growing genotype grew significantly slower compared to the controls, but the slow-growing genotype did not change its growth rate. The frass transplant also increased the volume of defensive secretions in the fast-growing genotype but did not affect pupal mass. Overall, the fast-growing genotype appeared more susceptible to the transplantation than the slow-growing genotype. Microbiome differences between the genotypes strongly suggest genotype-based selective filtering of bacteria from the diet and environment. A novel cluster of insect-associated Erysipelotrichaceae was exclusive to the fast-growing genotype, and specific Enterococcaceae were characteristic to the slow-growing genotype. These Enterococcaceae became more prevalent in the fast-growing genotype after the transplant, which suggests that a slower growth rate is potentially related to their presence. CONCLUSIONS We show that reciprocal frass transplantation can reverse some genotype-specific life-history traits in a lepidopteran host. The results indicate that genotype-specific selective filtering can fine-tune the bacterial community at specific life stages and tissues like the larval frass, even against a background of a highly variable community with stochastic assembly. Altogether, our findings suggest that the host's genotype can influence its susceptibility to being colonized by microbiota, impacting key life-history traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Juottonen
- grid.9681.60000 0001 1013 7965Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Neda N. Moghadam
- grid.9681.60000 0001 1013 7965Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Liam Murphy
- grid.9681.60000 0001 1013 7965Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Johanna Mappes
- grid.9681.60000 0001 1013 7965Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikki Biocenter 3, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juan A. Galarza
- grid.9681.60000 0001 1013 7965Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikki Biocenter 3, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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14
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Dar MA, Xie R, Pandit RS, Danso B, Dong C, Sun J. Exploring the region-wise diversity and functions of symbiotic bacteria in the gut system of wood-feeding termite, Coptotermes formosanus, toward the degradation of cellulose, hemicellulose, and organic dyes. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:1414-1432. [PMID: 35134272 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The wood-feeding termite Coptotermes formosanus represents a unique and impressive system for lignocellulose degradation. The highly efficient digestion of lignocellulose is achieved through symbiosis with gut symbionts like bacteria. Despite extensive research during the last three decades, diversity of bacterial symbionts residing in individual gut regions of the termite and their associated functions is still lacking. To this end, cellulose, xylan, and dye-decolorization bacteria residing in foregut, midgut, and hindgut regions of C. formosanus were enlisted by using enrichment and culture-dependent molecular methods. A total of 87 bacterial strains were successfully isolated from different gut regions of C. formosanus which belonged to 27 different species of 10 genera, majorly affiliated with Proteobacteria (80%) and Firmicutes (18.3%). Among the gut regions, 37.9% of the total bacterial isolates were observed in the hindgut that demonstrated predominance of cellulolytic bacteria (47.6%). The majority of the xylanolytic and dye-decolorization bacteria (50%) were obtained from the foregut and midgut, respectively. Actinobacteria represented by Dietza sp. was observed in the hindgut only. Based on species richness, the highest diversity was observed in midgut and hindgut regions each of which harbored seven unique bacterial species. The members of Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas were common among the gut regions. The lignocellulolytic activities of the selected potential bacteria signpost their assistance to the host for lignocellulose digestion. The overall results indicate that C. formosanus harbors diverse communities of lignocellulolytic bacteria in different regions of the gut system. These observations will significantly advance our understanding of the termite-bacteria symbiosis and their microbial ecology uniquely existed in different gut regions of C. formosanus, which may further shed a light on its potential values at termite-modeled biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir A Dar
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | - Rongrong Xie
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | | | - Blessing Danso
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chenchen Dong
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
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15
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Ghori I, Tubassam M, Ahmad T, Zuberi A, Imran M. Gut microbiome modulation mediated by probiotics: Positive impact on growth and health status of Labeo rohita. Front Physiol 2022; 13:949559. [PMID: 36160848 PMCID: PMC9507060 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.949559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was targeted to determine the effect of probiotics on the growth, physiology, and gut microbiology of Labeo rohita fingerlings. One hundred and twenty fishes were divided into four dietary groups, each in triplicate for a feeding trial of 90 days. These treatments included T0 (control, basal diet) used as the reference, and three probiotic-supplemented diets represented as Tbc (Bacillus cereus), Tgc (Geotrichum candidum), and Tmc (B. cereus and G. candidum). The probiotics were supplemented at a level of 1 × 109 CFU/g feed. Fishes nurtured on probiotic-added diet showed significantly high physiological improvement (p < 0.05) in terms of growth, feed utilization capacity, hematological profile, and digestive enzymes as compared to control. The fish were subjected to a challenge test after a 90-day feeding trial. The Tmc exhibited maximum fish growth when challenged by Staphylococcus aureus and showed fish survival when compared to control, in which fish mortality was examined. Fish gut microbial composition was modulated by probiotic treatments, especially in Tgc and Tmc as compared to control. The absence of opportunistic pathogens such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Sporobolomyces lactosus and detection of lower levels of Trichosporon and Cryptococcus in treated groups indicate the gut modulation driven by applied probiotics. The G. candidum QAUGC01 was retrieved in yeast metagenomics data, which might be due to the production of polyamines by them that facilitated adherence and consequent persistence. In conclusion, it can be suggested that the probiotic-supplemented diet could enhance fish growth and feed efficiency through community modulation and digestive enzymes, which could be a milestone in local aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifra Ghori
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Misbah Tubassam
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tanveer Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amina Zuberi
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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16
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Kim DY, Kim J, Lee YM, Byeon SM, Gwak JH, Lee JS, Shin DH, Park HY. Novel, acidic, and cold-adapted glycoside hydrolase family 8 endo-β-1,4-glucanase from an Antarctic lichen-associated bacterium, Lichenicola cladoniae PAMC 26568. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:935497. [PMID: 35910630 PMCID: PMC9329076 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.935497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endo-β-1,4-glucanase is a crucial glycoside hydrolase (GH) involved in the decomposition of cellulosic materials. In this study, to discover a novel cold-adapted β-1,4-D-glucan-degrading enzyme, the gene coding for an extracellular endo-β-1,4-glucanase (GluL) from Lichenicola cladoniae PAMC 26568, an Antarctic lichen (Cladonia borealis)-associated bacterium, was identified and recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. The GluL gene (1044-bp) encoded a non-modular polypeptide consisting of a single catalytic GH8 domain, which shared the highest sequence identity of 55% with that of an uncharacterized protein from Gluconacetobacter takamatsuzukensis (WP_182950054). The recombinant endo-β-1,4-glucanase (rGluL: 38.0 kDa) most efficiently degraded sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) at pH 4.0 and 45°C, and showed approximately 23% of its maximum degradation activity even at 3°C. The biocatalytic activity of rGluL was noticeably enhanced by >1.3-fold in the presence of 1 mM Mn2+ or NaCl at concentrations between 0.1 and 0.5 M, whereas the enzyme was considerably downregulated by 1 mM Hg2+ and Fe2+ together with 5 mM N-bromosuccinimide and 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate. rGluL is a true endo-β-1,4-glucanase, which could preferentially decompose D-cellooligosaccharides consisting of 3 to 6 D-glucose, CMC, and barley β-glucan, without other additional glycoside hydrolase activities. The specific activity (15.1 U mg-1) and k cat/K m value (6.35 mg-1 s-1mL) of rGluL toward barley β-glucan were approximately 1.8- and 2.2-fold higher, respectively, compared to its specific activity (8.3 U mg-1) and k cat/K m value (2.83 mg-1 s-1mL) toward CMC. The enzymatic hydrolysis of CMC, D-cellotetraose, and D-cellohexaose yielded primarily D-cellobiose, accompanied by D-glucose, D-cellotriose, and D-cellotetraose. However, the cleavage of D-cellopentaose by rGluL resulted in the production of only D-cellobiose and D-cellotriose. The findings of the present study imply that rGluL is a novel, acidic, and cold-adapted GH8 endo-β-1,4-glucanase with high specific activity, which can be exploited as a promising candidate in low-temperature processes including textile and food processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Young Kim
- Industrial Bio-Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jonghoon Kim
- Industrial Bio-Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yung Mi Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Soo Min Byeon
- Industrial Bio-Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Biological Science, Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hae Gwak
- Industrial Bio-Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jong Suk Lee
- Biocenter, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator (GBSA), Suwon, South Korea
| | | | - Ho-Yong Park
- Industrial Bio-Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
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17
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Zhao M, Lin X, Guo X. The Role of Insect Symbiotic Bacteria in Metabolizing Phytochemicals and Agrochemicals. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13070583. [PMID: 35886759 PMCID: PMC9319143 DOI: 10.3390/insects13070583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary To counter plant chemical defenses and exposure to agrochemicals, herbivorous insects have developed several adaptive strategies to guard against the ingested detrimental substances, including enhancing detoxifying enzyme activities, avoidance behavior, amino acid mutation of target sites, and lower penetration through a thicker cuticle. Insect microbiota play important roles in many aspects of insect biology and physiology. To better understand the role of insect symbiotic bacteria in metabolizing these detrimental substances, we summarize the research progress on the function of insect bacteria in metabolizing phytochemicals and agrochemicals, and describe their future potential application in pest management and protection of beneficial insects. Abstract The diversity and high adaptability of insects are heavily associated with their symbiotic microbes, which include bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, and archaea. These microbes play important roles in many aspects of the biology and physiology of insects, such as helping the host insects with food digestion, nutrition absorption, strengthening immunity and confronting plant defenses. To maintain normal development and population reproduction, herbivorous insects have developed strategies to detoxify the substances to which they may be exposed in the living habitat, such as the detoxifying enzymes carboxylesterase, glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP450s). Additionally, insect symbiotic bacteria can act as an important factor to modulate the adaptability of insects to the exposed detrimental substances. This review summarizes the current research progress on the role of insect symbiotic bacteria in metabolizing phytochemicals and agrochemicals (insecticides and herbicides). Given the importance of insect microbiota, more functional symbiotic bacteria that modulate the adaptability of insects to the detrimental substances to which they are exposed should be identified, and the underlying mechanisms should also be further studied, facilitating the development of microbial-resource-based pest control approaches or protective methods for beneficial insects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xianru Guo
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0371-63558170
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18
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Zhang X, Zhang F, Lu X. Diversity and Functional Roles of the Gut Microbiota in Lepidopteran Insects. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061234. [PMID: 35744751 PMCID: PMC9231115 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lepidopteran insects are one of the most widespread and speciose lineages on Earth, with many common pests and beneficial insect species. The evolutionary success of their diversification depends on the essential functions of gut microorganisms. This diverse gut microbiota of lepidopteran insects provides benefits in nutrition and reproductive regulation and plays an important role in the defence against pathogens, enhancing host immune homeostasis. In addition, gut symbionts have shown promising applications in the development of novel tools for biological control, biodegradation of waste, and blocking the transmission of insect-borne diseases. Even though most microbial symbionts are unculturable, the rapidly expanding catalogue of microbial genomes and the application of modern genetic techniques offer a viable alternative for studying these microbes. Here, we discuss the gut structure and microbial diversity of lepidopteran insects, as well as advances in the understanding of symbiotic relationships and interactions between hosts and symbionts. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the function of the gut microbiota, including in host nutrition and metabolism, immune defence, and potential mechanisms of detoxification. Due to the relevance of lepidopteran pests in agricultural production, it can be expected that the research on the interactions between lepidopteran insects and their gut microbiota will be used for biological pest control and protection of beneficial insects in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiancui Zhang
- Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China;
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- Correspondence: (F.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Xingmeng Lu
- Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China;
- Correspondence: (F.Z.); (X.L.)
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19
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Calumby RJN, de Almeida LM, de Barros YN, Segura WD, Barbosa VT, da Silva AT, Dornelas CB, Alvino V, Grillo LAM. Characterization of cultivable intestinal microbiota in Rhynchophorus palmarum Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and determination of its cellulolytic activity. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 110:e21881. [PMID: 35263470 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rhynchophorus palmarum Linnaeus is an agricultural pest that affects various palm crops, including coconut (Cocos nucifera) plantations which are prominent in the economy of Northeastern Brazil. Characterization of the intestinal microbiota of R. palmarum, as well as elucidation of aspects related to the biochemistry and physiology of the insect's digestion, is essential for intervention in specific metabolic processes as a form of pest control. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the intestinal microbiota of R. palmarum and investigate its ability to degrade cellulosic substrates, to explore new biological control measures. Intestinal dissection of eight adult R. palmarum insects was performed in a laminar flow chamber, and the intestines were homogenized in sterile phosphate-buffered saline solution. Subsequently, serial dilution aliquots of these solutions were spread on nutritive agar plates for the isolation of bacteria and fungi. The microorganisms were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization with a time-of-flight mass spectrometry and evaluated for their ability to degrade cellulose. Fourteen bacterial genera (Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Citrobacter, Enterococcus, Kerstersia, Lactococcus, Micrococcus, Proteus, Providencia, Pseudomonas, Serratia, and Staphylococcus) and two fungal genera (Candida and Saccharomyces)-assigned to the Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Ascomycota phyla-were identified. The cellulolytic activity was exhibited by six bacterial and one fungal species; of these, Bacillus cereus demonstrated the highest enzyme synthesis (enzymatic index = 4.6). This is the first study characterizing the R. palmarum intestinal microbiota, opening new perspectives for the development of strategies for the biological control of this insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo J N Calumby
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Lara M de Almeida
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Yasmin N de Barros
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wilson D Segura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valcilaine T Barbosa
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Antonio T da Silva
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Camila B Dornelas
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Valter Alvino
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Luciano A M Grillo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
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20
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Purahong W, Tanunchai B, Muszynski S, Maurer F, Wahdan SFM, Malter J, Buscot F, Noll M. Cross-kingdom interactions and functional patterns of active microbiota matter in governing deadwood decay. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220130. [PMID: 35538788 PMCID: PMC9091849 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial community members are the primary microbial colonizers and active decomposers of deadwood. This study placed sterilized standardized beech and spruce sapwood specimens on the forest ground of 8 beech- and 8 spruce-dominated forest sites. After 370 days, specimens were assessed for mass loss, nitrogen (N) content and 15N isotopic signature, hydrolytic and lignin-modifying enzyme activities. Each specimen was incubated with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) to label metabolically active fungal and bacterial community members, which were assessed using amplicon sequencing. Fungal saprotrophs colonized the deadwood accompanied by a distinct bacterial community that was capable of cellulose degradation, aromatic depolymerization, and N2 fixation. The latter were governed by the genus Sphingomonas, which was co-present with the majority of saprotrophic fungi regardless of whether beech or spruce specimens were decayed. Moreover, the richness of the diazotrophic Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium group was significantly correlated with mass loss, N content and 15N isotopic signature. By contrast, presence of obligate predator Bdellovibrio spp. shifted bacterial community composition and were linked to decreased beech deadwood decay rates. Our study provides the first account of the composition and function of metabolically active wood-colonizing bacterial and fungal communities, highlighting cross-kingdom interactions during the early and intermediate stages of wood decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witoon Purahong
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Benjawan Tanunchai
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.,Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sarah Muszynski
- Institute for Bioanalysis, Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 96450 Coburg, Germany
| | - Florian Maurer
- Institute for Bioanalysis, Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 96450 Coburg, Germany
| | - Sara Fareed Mohamed Wahdan
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.,Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Jonas Malter
- Institute for Bioanalysis, Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 96450 Coburg, Germany
| | - François Buscot
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Noll
- Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.,Institute for Bioanalysis, Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 96450 Coburg, Germany
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Chen YP, Li YH, Sun ZX, Du EW, Lu ZH, Li H, Gui FR. Effects of Host Plants on Bacterial Community Structure in Larvae Midgut of Spodoptera frugiperda. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13040373. [PMID: 35447815 PMCID: PMC9031720 DOI: 10.3390/insects13040373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The gut microbiota plays an important role in insect physiology and behavior. The interaction among the different structures of gut bacterial community in the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, and different host plants, and whether these different gut bacteria are responsible for the rapid spread of FAW to a variety of host plants after invasion are largely unexplored. In the present paper, we used a culture-independent approach targeting the bacterial 16S rRNA gene of gut bacteria of the 5th instar larvae of FAW fed on four different host plants. It aimed to analyze the effects of host plants on gut bacteria abundance, community structure and metabolic function. We found that host plants exerted considerable effects on the structure and composition of the gut bacteria in FAW and the differences among the four groups identified were significant. They were related to the detoxification and adaptation of FAW to toxic secondary metabolites of the host plant. These differences enabled the gut microbiome to perform different functions. This study lays a foundation for further studies on the function of intestinal bacteria in FAW and the adaptive mechanism to the host. Abstract The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is one of the most important invasive species and causes great damage to various host crops in China. In this study, the diversity and function of gut bacteria in the 5th instar larvae of FAW fed on maize, wheat, potato and tobacco leaves were analyzed through 16S rRNA sequencing. A total of 1324.25 ± 199.73, 1313.5 ± 74.87, 1873.00 ± 190.66 and 1435.25 ± 139.87 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from the gut of FAW fed on these four different host plants were detected, respectively. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the most abundant bacterial phyla. Beta diversity analysis showed that the gut bacterial community structure of larvae fed on different host plants was significantly differentiated. At the genus level, the abundance of Enterococcus in larvae fed on wheat was significantly lower than those fed on the other three host plants. Enterobacter and ZOR0006 were dominant in FAW fed on tobacco leaves, and in low abundance in larvae fed on wheat. Interestingly, when fed on Solanaceae (tobacco and potato) leaves which contained relative higher levels of toxic secondary metabolites than Gramineae (wheat and maize), the genera Enterococcus, Enterobacter and Acinetobacter were significantly enriched. The results indicated that gut bacteria were related to the detoxification and adaptation of toxic secondary metabolites of host plants in FAW. Further analysis showed that replication, repair and nucleotide metabolism functions were enriched in the gut bacteria of larvae fed on tobacco and potato. In conclusion, the gut bacterial diversity and community composition in FAW larvae fed on different host plants showed significant differences, and the insect is likely to regulate their gut bacteria for adaptation to different host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.-P.C.); (Z.-X.S.); (E.-W.D.); (Z.-H.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Ya-Hong Li
- Yunnan Plant Protection and Quarantine Station, Kunming 650034, China;
| | - Zhong-Xiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.-P.C.); (Z.-X.S.); (E.-W.D.); (Z.-H.L.); (H.L.)
| | - E-Wei Du
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.-P.C.); (Z.-X.S.); (E.-W.D.); (Z.-H.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Zhi-Hui Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.-P.C.); (Z.-X.S.); (E.-W.D.); (Z.-H.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.-P.C.); (Z.-X.S.); (E.-W.D.); (Z.-H.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Fu-Rong Gui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.-P.C.); (Z.-X.S.); (E.-W.D.); (Z.-H.L.); (H.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-1320-8714-612
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Show BK, Banerjee S, Banerjee A, GhoshThakur R, Hazra AK, Mandal NC, Ross AB, Balachandran S, Chaudhury S. Insect gut bacteria: a promising tool for enhanced biogas production. REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND BIO/TECHNOLOGY 2022; 21:1-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s11157-021-09607-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
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Korsa G, Masi C, Konwarh R, Tafesse M. Harnessing the potential use of cellulolytic Klebsiella oxytoca (M21WG) and Klebsiella sp. (Z6WG) isolated from the guts of termites (Isoptera). ANN MICROBIOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s13213-021-01662-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
For many years, denim-heavy quality cotton twill colored with indigo colors and with a well-worn/faded look has held a lot of appeal. Machine damage, drainage system blockage, and other issues come with the conventional usage of pumice stones for “stone-washing” denims. In view of the abovementioned information, a range of works has been done to investigate the economic prospects of bacterial cellulase enzymes for use in industrial processes, including biopolishing in the textile sector. Ethiopia has excellent termite diversity to isolate bacterial gut-associated cellulose enzymes for biostoning applications. The main purpose of this study was, therfore, to decipher how to isolate and characterize cellulase enzymes from termite (Isoptera) gut bacteria with the intention of employing it for biostoning of textiles.
Purpose
To use cellulolytic enzymes of Klebsiella oxytoca (M21WG) and Klebsiella sp. (Z6WG) isolated from termite guts in biostoning of textiles and improving garment quality.
Methods
Cellulase enzyme-producing bacteria were isolated and screened from the guts of worker termites sampled from Meki and Zeway termite mounds in the Central Rift Valley region of Ethiopia. Bacterial screening, biochemical, morphological, and 16S rRNA sequence identification techniques were employed to characterize the bacterial strains. In addition, the production, optimization, and purification of the associated cellulase enzymes were employed, and the potential application of the enzymes for biostoning of a textile was demonstrated.
Result
The isolated M21WG was found to be 99% identical to the Klebsiella oxytoca (MT104573.1) strain, while the isolated Z6WG showed 97.3% identity to the Klebsiella sp. strain (MN629242.1). At an ideal pH of 7, a temperature of 37 °C, a 72-h incubation time, and a substrate concentration of 1.5% carboxymethylcellulose sodium, the maximum activity of the crude cellulase extract from these bacteria was assessed. These bacteria produced cellulase enzymes that were moderately efficient. Consequently, it was determined that the cellulase enzymes were effective for biostoning of denim cloth.
Conclusion
It was determined that Klebsiella oxytoca (M21WG) and Klebsiella sp. (Z6WG) could be used as a doorway to better understand harnessing the use of these cellulase-producing bacteria from termite (Isoptera) guts. In this study, it was also attempted to assess the effectiveness of the two bacterial isolates in biostoning in anticipation of their potential application in the textile realm.
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Unveiling lignocellulolytic trait of a goat omasum inhabitant Klebsiella variicola strain HSTU-AAM51 in light of biochemical and genome analyses. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:99-130. [PMID: 35088248 PMCID: PMC8882562 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00660-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella variicola is generally known as endophyte as well as lignocellulose-degrading strain. However, their roles in goat omasum along with lignocellulolytic genetic repertoire are not yet explored. In this study, five different pectin-degrading bacteria were isolated from a healthy goat omasum. Among them, a new Klebsiella variicola strain HSTU-AAM51 was identified to degrade lignocellulose. The genome of the HSTU-AAM51 strain comprised 5,564,045 bp with a GC content of 57.2% and 5312 coding sequences. The comparison of housekeeping genes (16S rRNA, TonB, gyrase B, RecA) and whole-genome sequence (ANI, pangenome, synteny, DNA-DNA hybridization) revealed that the strain HSTU-AAM51 was clustered with Klebsiella variicola strains, but the HSTU-AAM51 strain was markedly deviated. It consisted of seventeen cellulases (GH1, GH3, GH4, GH5, GH13), fourteen beta-glucosidase (2GH3, 7GH4, 4GH1), two glucosidase, and one pullulanase genes. The strain secreted cellulase, pectinase, and xylanase, lignin peroxidase approximately 76-78 U/mL and 57-60 U/mL, respectively, when it was cultured on banana pseudostem for 96 h. The catalytically important residues of extracellular cellulase, xylanase, mannanase, pectinase, chitinase, and tannase proteins (validated 3D model) were bound to their specific ligands. Besides, genes involved in the benzoate and phenylacetate catabolic pathways as well as laccase and DiP-type peroxidase were annotated, which indicated the strain lignin-degrading potentiality. This study revealed a new K. variicola bacterium from goat omasum which harbored lignin and cellulolytic enzymes that could be utilized for the production of bioethanol from lignocelluloses.
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Unban K, Klongklaew A, Kodchasee P, Pamueangmun P, Shetty K, Khanongnuch C. Enterococci as Dominant Xylose Utilizing Lactic Acid Bacteria in Eri Silkworm Midgut and the Potential Use of Enterococcus hirae as Probiotic for Eri Culture. INSECTS 2022; 13:136. [PMID: 35206710 PMCID: PMC8878294 DOI: 10.3390/insects13020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A total of 51 pentose utilizing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from acid-forming bacteria in the midgut of healthy mature Eri silkworm using de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) agar containing 10 g/L xylose (MRS-xylose) as the carbon source supplemented with 0.04% (w/v) bromocresol purple. Further analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed the highest prevalence of up to 35 enterococci isolates, which included 20 isolates of Enterococcus mundtii, followed by Entercoccus faecalis (eight isolates), Weissella cibaria (four isolates), Enterococcus hirae (two isolates), Enterococcus lactis (one isolate), and Enterococcus faecium (one isolate). All 51 LAB isolates showed positive growth on MRS containing a range of polysaccharides as the sole carbon source. All isolates were able to grow and form clear zones on MRS supplemented with 1 g/L xylose, while E. faecalis SC1, E. faecalis SCT2, and E. hirae SX2 showed tannin tolerance ability up to 5 g/L. Moreover, five isolates showed antimicrobial activity against Eri silkworm pathogens, including Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Proteus vulgaris, with E. hirae SX2 having the highest inhibitory effect. Supplementation of live E. hirae SX2 on castor leaves significantly improved the weight and reduced the silkworm mortality when compared with the control group (p < 0.05). This cocci LAB can be considered as the new probiotic for Eri culture. Additionally, this finding presented the perspective of non-mulberry silkworm that could also be used as the model for further applying to new trends of the sericulture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kridsada Unban
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Mueang, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
| | - Augchararat Klongklaew
- Interdisciplinary Program in Biotechnology, The Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Mueang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (A.K.); (P.K.); (P.P.)
| | - Pratthana Kodchasee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Biotechnology, The Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Mueang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (A.K.); (P.K.); (P.P.)
| | - Punnita Pamueangmun
- Interdisciplinary Program in Biotechnology, The Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Mueang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (A.K.); (P.K.); (P.P.)
| | - Kalidas Shetty
- Department of Plant Sciences, Global Institute of Food Security and International Agriculture (GIFSIA), North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA;
| | - Chartchai Khanongnuch
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Mueang, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
- Interdisciplinary Program in Biotechnology, The Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Mueang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (A.K.); (P.K.); (P.P.)
- Research Center for Multidisciplinary Approaches to Miang, Science and Technology Research Institute Chiang Mai University, Mueang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Yang J, Zhao J, Wang B, Yu Z. Unraveling aerobic cultivable cellulolytic microorganisms within the gastrointestinal tract of sheep ( Ovis aries) and their evaluation for cellulose biodegradation. Can J Microbiol 2022; 68:237-248. [PMID: 34995146 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2021-0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Anaerobic cellulolytic microbes in gastrointestinal tract (GT) of ruminants have been well-documented, however, knowledge of aerobic microbes with cellulolytic activities in ruminant GT is comparably limited. Here, we unraveled aerobic cultivable cellulolytic microbes in GT of Ujimqin sheep (Ovis aries) and evaluated the cellulolytic potential of promising isolates. Twenty-two strains were found to possess cellulose degrading potential by Congo-red staining and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA/ITS sequence revealed that all strains belonged to nine genera, i.e., Bacillus, Streptomyces, Pseudomonas, Lactobacillus, Brachybacterium, Sanguibacter, Rhizobium, Fusarium, and Aspergillus. Strains with high cellulolytic activities were selected to further evaluate the various enzyme activities on lignocellulosic alfalfa hay (Medicago sativa). Among them, isolate Bacillus subtilis RE2510 showed the highest potential of cellulose degradation considering the high endoglucanase (0.1478 ± 0.0014 IU ml-1), exoglucanase (0.1735 ± 0.0012 IU ml-1) and β-glucosidase (0.3817 ± 0.0031 IU ml-1) after 10-day incubation with alfalfa hay. A significant destruction effect of the cellulose structure and the attachment of B. subtilis RE2510 to the hay were also revealed by using scanning electron microscope. This study expands our knowledge of aerobic cellulolytic isolates from GT of sheep and also highlights their potential application as microbial additive in the aerobic process of cellulose bioconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Ghent University, 26656, Gent, Belgium;
| | - Jie Zhao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
| | - Bobo Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
| | - Zhisheng Yu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
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Li J, Wu Y, Zhao J, Wang S, Dong Z, Shao T. Bioaugmented degradation of rice straw combining two novel microbial consortia and lactic acid bacteria for enhancing the methane production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126148. [PMID: 34673188 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two consortia of lignocellulolytic microbes (CL and YL) were isolated from the rumen of ruminants. Their ability to facilitate the degradation of rice straw and enhance methane (CH4) production were evaluated, both individually and combined with lactic acid bacteria (LAB). After 30 days of degradation, rice straw powders (RSPs) were observed to change in physical structure and also displayed a significant reduction in lignocellulose content. Combined application of microbial consortia with LAB efficiently improved enzymatic hydrolysis of RSPs, increasing organic acid as well as mono- and disaccharide contents. Synergistic action between microbial consortia and LAB enhanced CH4 yield, and rice straw treated with YL + LAB had the highest CH4 production (357.53 mL CH4/g VS), more than fivefold of the control. The newly identified microbial consortia are capable of efficiently degrading lignocellulosic biomass. Functioning synergistically with LAB, they provide a feasible way biodegrade rice straw and enhance methane production from agricultural wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Li
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yongjie Wu
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Siran Wang
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zihao Dong
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tao Shao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Huang A, Wu T, Wu X, Zhang B, Shen Y, Wang S, Song W, Ruan H. Analysis of Internal and External Microorganism Community of Wild Cicada Flowers and Identification of the Predominant Cordyceps cicadae Fungus. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:752791. [PMID: 34899639 PMCID: PMC8656164 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.752791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The parasitoid fungus Cordyceps cicadae, whose fruiting bodies are known in China as “chan hua,” literally “cicada flower,” has been used as a traditional Chinese medicinal ingredient for centuries. However, systematic disclosure of the vital factors responsible for the formation of wild cicada flower is limited. Here, we determined the physicochemical properties of soil and simultaneously analyzed the diversities and the structures of microbial community inhabiting the coremia, sclerotia, and soil around wild cicada flowers through high-throughput sequencing. Our results indicated that cicada flower more preferentially occurred in acidic soil (pH 5.9) with abundant moisture content (MC), total nitrogen (TN), and organic matter (OM). The dominant fungal genera in soil mainly included Isaria, f__Clavariaceae_Unclassified, Umbelopsis, f__Chaetomiaceae_Unclassified, Mortierella, f__Sordariaceae_Unclassified, and Arcopilus. Among them, C. cicadae was the only fungus that was massively detected in both the coremia and sclerotia with abundance of 83.5 and 53.6%, respectively. Based on this, a C. cicadae strain named AH10-4 with excellent adenosine- and N6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-adenosine (HEA)-producing capability was successfully isolated. However, to the aspect of bacteria, Burkholderia–Caballeronia–Paraburkholderia, Bacillus, Acidibacter, f__Xanthobacteraceae_Unclassified, and Candidatus_Solibacter were the dominant genera in soil. Pedobacter, f__Enterobacteriaceae_Unclassified, Pandoraea, Achromobacter, Stenotrophomonas, Burkholderia–Caballeronia–Paraburkholderia, and Chitinophaga were the dominant genera in the coremia and sclerotia. Notably, Burkholderia–Caballeronia–Paraburkholderia was the shared bacteria among them with high abundance of 3.1, 11.4, and 5.2% in the sclerotia, coremia, and soil, respectively. However, the possible role of these bacteria to the occurrence of cicada flower has been unclear to our knowledge. By analyzing the correlation between physicochemical properties and microbial community of soil, we found that MC, Fe, and Zn were significantly negatively correlated with soil Isaria and that Cu was significantly negatively correlated with most dominant soil bacterial genera. But Mg was significantly positively correlated with most dominant taxa. This study provides new insight into the formation mechanisms of cicada flower and may contribute to the large-scale cultivation of cicada flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailin Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiuyun Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Suying Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjun Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Haihua Ruan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
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Souza CSF, Souza BHS, Parrella RAC, Simeone MLF, Nascimento PT, França JCO, Lima PF, Mendes SM. Resistance of bmr energy sorghum hybrids to sugarcane borer and fall armyworm. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 84:e251883. [PMID: 34852137 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.251883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The lower lignin content in plants species with energy potential results in easier cellulose breakdown, making glucose available for ethanol generation. However, higher lignin levels can increase resistance to insect attack. The objective of this work was to evaluate the susceptibility of a bmr-6 biomass sorghum (a mutant genotype with a lower concentration of lignin) to important pests of energy sorghum, Diatraea saccharalis and Spodoptera frugiperda. Experiments were performed in the laboratory and greenhouse to evaluate the development of these pests on the biomass sorghum bmr hybrids BR007, BR008, and TX635 and their respective conventional near-isogenic genotypes (without the bmr gene). The lignin content was higher in non-bmr hybrids, but the evaluated insect variables varied between treatments, not being consistent in just one hybrid or because it is bmr or not. The lowest survival of S. frugiperda was observed in the BR008 hybrid, both bmr and non-bmr. The S. frugiperda injury scores on plants in the greenhouse were high (>7) in all treatments. For D. saccharalis, there was no difference in larval survival in the laboratory, but in the greenhouse, the BR007 hybrid, both bmr and non-bmr, provided greater survival. Due the need to diversify the energy matrix and the fact that greater susceptibility of the bmr hybrids to either pests was not found in this study, these results hold promise for cultivation of these biomass sorghum hybrids for the production of biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S F Souza
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universitário, Departament of Entomology, Lavras, MG, Brasil
| | - B H S Souza
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universitário, Departament of Entomology, Lavras, MG, Brasil
| | | | | | - P T Nascimento
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universitário, Departament of Entomology, Lavras, MG, Brasil
| | - J C O França
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universitário, Departament of Entomology, Lavras, MG, Brasil
| | - P F Lima
- Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Campus de Sete Lagoas, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brasil
| | - S M Mendes
- Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brasil
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Brunetti M, Magoga G, Gionechetti F, De Biase A, Montagna M. Does diet breadth affect the complexity of the phytophagous insect microbiota? The case study of Chrysomelidae. Environ Microbiol 2021; 24:3565-3579. [PMID: 34850518 PMCID: PMC9543054 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chrysomelidae is a family of phytophagous insects with a highly variable degree of trophic specialization. The aim of this study is to test whether species feeding on different plants (generalists) harbour more complex microbiotas than those feeding on a few or a single plant species (specialists). The microbiota of representative leaf beetle species was characterized with a metabarcoding approach targeting V1–V2 and V4 regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA. Almost all the analysed species harbour at least one reproductive manipulator bacteria (e.g., Wolbachia, Rickettsia). Two putative primary symbionts, previously isolated only from a single species (Bromius obscurus), have been detected in two species of the same subfamily, suggesting a widespread symbiosis in Eumolpinae. Surprisingly, the well‐known aphid symbiont Buchnera is well represented in the microbiota of Orsodacne humeralis. Moreover, in this study, using Hill numbers to dissect the components of the microbiota diversity (abundant and rare bacteria), it has been demonstrated that generalist insect species harbour a more diversified microbiota than specialists. The higher microbiota diversity associated with a wider host‐plant spectrum could be seen as an adaptive trait, conferring new metabolic potential useful to expand the diet breath, or as a result of environmental stochastic acquisition conveyed by diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Brunetti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Giulia Magoga
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | | | - Alessio De Biase
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 32, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Matteo Montagna
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, Milan, 20133, Italy.,BAT Center - Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Napoli "Federico II", Portici, Italy
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Li J, Wang S, Zhao J, Dong Z, Liu Q, Dong D, Shao T. Two novel screened microbial consortia and their application in combination with Lactobacillus plantarum for improving fermentation quality of high-moisture alfalfa. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:2572-2582. [PMID: 34839576 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To enrich lignocellulolytic microbial consortia and evaluate whether a combination of these consortia and Lactobacillus plantarum can facilitate degradation of structural carbohydrates and improve fermentation quality of high-moisture alfalfa silage. METHODS AND RESULTS Two novel microbial consortia (CL and YL) with high lignocellulolytic potential were enriched, and had higher enzyme activities at slightly acidic conditions (pH 3.5-6.5). Two consortia were inoculated with and without combined L. plantarum (LP) to alfalfa for up to 120 days of ensiling. The two consortia alone or combined with LP significantly (p < 0.05) increased lactic-to-acetic acid ratios and decreased contents of volatile organic acids and NH3 -N as compared to the control. Treatments that combining microbial consortia and LP further resulted in the higher contents of lactic acid (LA), water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and crude protein, dry matter (DM) recovery, and lower neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent lignin and cellulose contents, with YLP silage showing the lowest pH (4.41) and highest LA content (76.72 g kg-1 DM) and the conversion of WSC into LA (184.03%). CONCLUSIONS The addition of lignocellulolytic microbial consortia (CL or YL) to alfalfa silages as attractive silage inoculants could improve fermentation quality, and that their combination with L. plantarum appeared more effective on the degradation of structural carbohydrates and conversion of soluble carbohydrates into LA. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY High-moisture alfalfa is difficult to ensile due to its high buffering capacity and low readily fermentable carbohydrate contents. Microbial consortia (CL and YL) can encode a broad selection of multi-functional CAZymes, and their combination with LP could be promising for the degradation of structural carbohydrates simultaneously with improvement fermentation quality, with high performance in LA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Li
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siran Wang
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihao Dong
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinhua Liu
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Dong
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Shao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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da Silva LCD, Ferreira FIP, Dezoti LA, Nascimento CT, Orikasa C, Takita MA, de Medeiros AH. Diatraea saccharalis harbors microorganisms that can affect growth of sugarcane stalk-dwelling fungi. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 53:255-265. [PMID: 34735708 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), the sugarcane borer, spends most of its life cycle inside the galleries it burrows into sugarcane stalk, where two rot-causing fungi Colletotrichum falcatum (Went, 1893) and Fusarium verticillioides (Nirenberg, 1976) are commonly found. Results have shown that microbiota harbored by D. saccharalis inhibits the growth of F. verticillioides and C. falcatum. D. saccharalis larvae were collected from chemical-free field plants, and yeast and bacteria from third and fourth-instar D. saccharalis regurgitate were isolated onto appropriate media. The percentage of F. verticillioides and C. falcatum mycelial growth inhibition was recorded. Out of 32 yeast isolates, 9 exerted 30 to 40% growth inhibition of C. falcatum or F. verticillioides. When 24 bacterial isolates were confronted with rot-causing fungi, six inhibited C. falcatum growth by 30 to 60%, and 24 isolates inhibited 30 to 60% of F. verticillioides growth. Bacteria and yeast isolates were identified through DNA sequencing of part of 16S rDNA and part of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, respectively, revealing an abundance of isolates with sequence similarity to Klebsiella and Bacillus and Meyerozyma, which have been used as biological control agents and their ability to promote plant growth has been demonstrated. We have shown that microorganisms from borer regurgitate inhibit phytopathogen growth in vitro. Still, further investigation of the possible functions of D. saccharalis-associated microorganisms may help understand their ecological role in plant-insect-phytopathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco Inácio Paiva Ferreira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center of Citriculture "Sylvio Moreira", Rod. Anhanguera km 158, Cordeirópolis, SP, 13490-970, Brazil
| | - Lais Augusto Dezoti
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center of Citriculture "Sylvio Moreira", Rod. Anhanguera km 158, Cordeirópolis, SP, 13490-970, Brazil
| | - Caroline Thamara Nascimento
- Laboratory of Plant-Insect Interactions, Federal University of Sao Carlos-Araras, Rodovia Anhanguera km 174, Araras, SP, 13600-970, Brazil
| | - Caroline Orikasa
- Laboratory of Plant-Insect Interactions, Federal University of Sao Carlos-Araras, Rodovia Anhanguera km 174, Araras, SP, 13600-970, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Takita
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center of Citriculture "Sylvio Moreira", Rod. Anhanguera km 158, Cordeirópolis, SP, 13490-970, Brazil
| | - Ane Hackbart de Medeiros
- Laboratory of Plant-Insect Interactions, Federal University of Sao Carlos-Araras, Rodovia Anhanguera km 174, Araras, SP, 13600-970, Brazil.
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Li J, Tang X, Chen S, Zhao J, Shao T. Ensiling pretreatment with two novel microbial consortia enhances bioethanol production in sterile rice straw. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 339:125507. [PMID: 34303101 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study extracts and enriches cellulolytic microbial consortia from yak (Bos grunniens) and evaluates their effects on the fermentation profile and bioethanol yield in rice straw silage. Two microbial consortia (CF and PY) with high cellulolytic activity were isolated and observed to be prone to utilize natural carbon sources. Two consortia were introduced with and without combined lactic acid bacteria (CLAB) to rice straw for up to 60 days of ensiling, and their application notably decreased the levels of structural carbohydrates and pH values of rice straw silages. Treatments that combining microbial consortia and CLAB resulted in the highest levels of lactic acid, water soluble carbohydrates, mono- and disaccharides, and lignocellulose degradation, with PY + CLAB group yielding the highest bioethanol production. The microbial consortia identified herein exhibit great potential for degrading fibrous substrates, and their combination with CLAB provides a feasible way to efficiently use rice straw for bioethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Li
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoyue Tang
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Sifan Chen
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tao Shao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Li J, Ding H, Zhao J, Wang S, Dong Z, Shao T. Characterization and identification of a novel microbial consortium M2 and its effect on fermentation quality and enzymatic hydrolysis of sterile rice straw. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:1687-1699. [PMID: 34662476 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To isolate and enrich lignocellulolytic microbial consortia from yak (Bos grunniens) rumen and evaluate their effects on the fermentation characteristics and enzymatic hydrolysis in rice straw silage. METHODS AND RESULTS A novel microbial consortium M2 with high CMCase and xylanase activities was enriched and observed to be prone to use natural carbon sources. Its predominant genus was Enterococcus, and most carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) genes belonged to the glycosyl hydrolases class. The consortium M2 was introduced with or without combined lactic acid bacteria (XA) to rice straw silage for 60 days. Inoculating the consortium M2 notably decreased the structural carbohydrate contents and pH of rice straw silages. Treatment that combines consortium M2 and XA resulted in the highest levels of lactic acid and lignocellulose degradation. The consortium M2 alone or combined with XA significantly (p < 0.01) increased water-soluble carbohydrates (WSCs), mono- and disaccharides contents compared with the XA silage. Combined addition obviously improved the enzymatic conversion efficiency of rice straw silage with higher glucose and xylose yields (23.39 and 12.91 w/w% DM, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Ensiling pretreatment with the microbial consortium M2 in sterile rice straw improved fermentation characteristics. The combined application of consortium M2 with XA had synergistic effects on promoting the degradation of structural carbohydrates and enzymatic hydrolysis. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Rice straw is difficult to ensile because of its low WSC and high structural carbohydrate contents. The microbial consortium M2 identified herein exhibits great potential for degrading fibrous substrates, and their combination with XA provides a faster and more effective synergistic strategy for biorefinery of lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Li
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siran Wang
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihao Dong
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Shao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Isolation and Screening of Microorganisms for the Effective Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Agricultural Wastes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5514745. [PMID: 34604384 PMCID: PMC8481070 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5514745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic waste is the most abundant biorenewable biomass on earth, and its hydrolysis releases highly valued reducing sugars. However, the presence of lignin in the biopolymeric structure makes it highly resistant to solubilization thereby hindering the hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose. Microorganisms are known for their potential complex enzymes that play a dominant role in lignocellulose conversion. Therefore, the current study was designed to isolate and screen potential microorganisms for their selective delignification ability for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. An extensive isolation and screening procedure yielded 36 desired isolates (22 bacteria, 7 basidiomycete fungi, and 7 filamentous fungi). Submerged cultivation of these desired microorganisms revealed 4 bacteria and 10 fungi with potent lignocellulolytic enzyme activities. The potent isolates were identified as Pleurotus, Trichoderma, Talaromyces, Bacillus, and Chryseobacterium spp. confirmed by morphological and molecular identification. The efficiency of these strains was determined through enzyme activities, and the degraded substrates were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Among all isolated microbes, Pleurotus spp. were found to have high laccase activity. The cellulose-decomposing and selective delignification strains were subjected to solid-state fermentation (SSF). SSF of field waste corn stalks as a single-carbon source provides Pleurotus spp. better condition for the secretion of ligninolytic enzymes. These isolated ligninolytic enzymes producing microorganisms may be used for the effective pretreatment of lignocellulosic agricultural wastes for the production of high value-added natural products by fermentation.
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Zhang S, Su H, Jiang W, Hu D, Ali I, Jin T, Yang Y, Ma X. Symbiotic microbial studies in diverse populations of Aphis gossypii, existing on altered host plants in different localities during different times. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:13948-13960. [PMID: 34707830 PMCID: PMC8525075 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex interactions between symbiotic bacteria and insects ultimately result in equilibrium in all aspects of life in natural insect populations. In this study, abundance of principal symbiotic bacteria was estimated using qPCR in 1553 individuals of aphids, Aphis gossypii. Aphids were sampled from primary and secondary host plants-hibiscus and cotton. Hibiscus aphids were collected from 24 different locations in April, September, and November, whereas cotton aphids were collected between 2015 and 2017 from areas with wide variations in climatic conditions. About 30%-45% aphids were recorded with the most dominant symbiont, Arsenophonus. The other symbionts were in low frequency, and about 7% of aphids were noted with Hamiltonella, Acinetobacter, and Microbacterium, and 3% of aphids were verified with Serratia and Pseudomonas. Aphids infected with Hamiltonella, Arsenophonus, and Serratia can influence Buchnera densities. Hamiltonella has positive interaction with densities of Arsenophonus and Serratia. Almost 100% coinfection of Hamiltonella and Arsenophonus was detected in Xinxiang aphids and 50% coinfection was reported in aphids from North China, while no coinfection was detected in Hainan aphids. These findings describe the prevalence pattern and richness of core community of symbiotic bacteria in naturally occurring populations of A. gossypii and provide new insights for the study of symbiotic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- School of Horticulture and Plant ProtectionYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Honghua Su
- School of Horticulture and Plant ProtectionYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Weili Jiang
- Basic Experimental Teaching Center of Life SciencesYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Daowu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangChina
| | - Intazar Ali
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment (FA & E)The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Baghdad ul‑jadeed CampusBahawalpurPakistan
| | - Tianxing Jin
- School of Horticulture and Plant ProtectionYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Yizhong Yang
- School of Horticulture and Plant ProtectionYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangChina
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Dar MA, Dhole NP, Xie R, Pawar KD, Ullah K, Rahi P, Pandit RS, Sun J. Valorization Potential of a Novel Bacterial Strain, Bacillus altitudinis RSP75, towards Lignocellulose Bioconversion: An Assessment of Symbiotic Bacteria from the Stored Grain Pest, Tribolium castaneum. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091952. [PMID: 34576846 PMCID: PMC8468446 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioconversion of lignocellulose into renewable energy and commodity products faces a major obstacle of inefficient saccharification due to its recalcitrant structure. In nature, lignocellulose is efficiently degraded by some insects, including termites and beetles, potentially due to the contribution from symbiotic gut bacteria. To this end, the presented investigation reports the isolation and characterization of cellulolytic bacteria from the gut system of red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Out of the 15 isolated bacteria, strain RSP75 showed the highest cellulolytic activities by forming a clearance zone of 28 mm in diameter with a hydrolytic capacity of ~4.7. The MALDI-TOF biotyping and 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the strain RSP75 belongs to Bacillus altitudinis. Among the tested enzymes, B. altitudinis RSP75 showed maximum activity of 63.2 IU/mL extract for xylanase followed by β-glucosidase (47.1 ± 3 IU/mL extract) which were manifold higher than previously reported activities. The highest substrate degradation was achieved with wheat husk and corn cob powder which accounted for 69.2% and 54.5%, respectively. The scanning electron microscopy showed adhesion of the bacterial cells with the substrate which was further substantiated by FTIR analysis that depicted the absence of the characteristic cellulose bands at wave numbers 1247, 1375, and 1735 cm-1 due to hydrolysis by the bacterium. Furthermore, B. altitudinis RSP75 showed co-culturing competence with Saccharomyces cerevisiae for bioethanol production from lignocellulose as revealed by GC-MS analysis. The overall observations signify the gut of T. castaneum as a unique and impressive reservoir to prospect for lignocellulose-degrading bacteria that can have many biotechnological applications, including biofuels and biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir A. Dar
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China or (M.A.D.); (R.X.)
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India;
| | - Neeraja P. Dhole
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India;
| | - Rongrong Xie
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China or (M.A.D.); (R.X.)
| | - Kiran D. Pawar
- School of Nanoscience and Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Vidyanagar, Kolhapur 416004, India;
| | - Kalim Ullah
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
| | - Praveen Rahi
- National Centre for Microbial Research, Trinity Complex, Pashan, Pune 411021, India;
| | - Radhakrishna S. Pandit
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India;
- Correspondence: (R.S.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China or (M.A.D.); (R.X.)
- Correspondence: (R.S.P.); (J.S.)
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Ma Y, Xu M, Liu H, Yu T, Guo P, Liu W, Jin X. Antimicrobial compounds were isolated from the secondary metabolites of Gordonia, a resident of intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana. AMB Express 2021; 11:111. [PMID: 34331149 PMCID: PMC8324697 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01272-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gordonia sp. are members of the actinomycete family, their contribution to the environment improvement and environmental protection by their biological degradation ability, but there are few studies on the antimicrobial activity of their secondary metabolites. Our team isolated and purified an actinomycete WA 4-31 from the intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana, firstly identified the strain WA 4-31 by the morphological characteristics and the phylogenetic analyses, and found it was completely homologous to the strain of Gordonia terrae from the Indian desert. Meanwhile, actinomycin D (1), actinomycin X2 (2), mojavensin A (3) and cyclic (leucine-leucne) dipeptide (4) were obtained from the EtOAc extract from the broth of WA 4-31. Compounds 1–4 showed anti-fungus activities against Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus and Trichophyton rubrum, also anti-MRSA and inhibited Escherichia coli in different degree. Interestingly, we found when 3 was mixed with 4 with ratio of 1:1, the activity of the mixture on anti-Candida albicans was better than the single. Besides, compounds 1–3 had varying degrees of antiproliferative activities on CNE-2 and HepG-2 cell lines. These indicated that Gordonia rare actinomycete from the intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana possessed a potential as a source of active secondary metabolites.
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Mejía-Alvarado FS, Ghneim-Herrera T, Góngora CE, Benavides P, Navarro-Escalante L. Structure and Dynamics of the Gut Bacterial Community Across the Developmental Stages of the Coffee Berry Borer, Hypothenemus hampei. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:639868. [PMID: 34335487 PMCID: PMC8323054 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.639868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The coffee berry borer (CBB); Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is widely recognized as the major insect pest of coffee crops. Like many other arthropods, CBB harbors numerous bacteria species that may have important physiological roles in host nutrition, detoxification, immunity and protection. To date, the structure and dynamics of the gut-associated bacterial community across the CBB life cycle is not yet well understood. A better understanding of the complex relationship between CBB and its bacterial companions may provide new opportunities for insect control. In the current investigation, we analyzed the diversity and abundance of gut microbiota across the CBB developmental stages under field conditions by using high-throughput Illumina sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Overall, 15 bacterial phyla, 38 classes, 61 orders, 101 families and 177 genera were identified across all life stages, including egg, larva 1, larva 2, pupa, and adults (female and male). Proteobacteria and Firmicutes phyla dominated the microbiota along the entire insect life cycle. Among the 177 genera, the 10 most abundant were members of Ochrobactrum (15.1%), Pantoea (6.6%), Erwinia (5.7%), Lactobacillus (4.3%), Acinetobacter (3.4%), Stenotrophomonas (3.1%), Akkermansia (3.0%), Agrobacterium (2.9%), Curtobacterium (2.7%), and Clostridium (2.7%). We found that the overall bacterial composition is diverse, variable within each life stage and appears to vary across development. About 20% of the identified OTUs were shared across all life stages, from which 28 OTUs were consistently found in all life stage replicates. Among these OTUs there are members of genera Pantoea, Erwinia, Agrobacterium, Ochrobactrum, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Brachybacterium, Sphingomonas and Methylobacterium, which can be considered as the gut-associated core microbiota of H. hampei. Our findings bring additional data to enrich the understanding of gut microbiota in CBB and its possible use for development of insect control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernan Santiago Mejía-Alvarado
- Department of Entomology, National Coffee Research Center (Cenicafe), Manizales, Colombia.,Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
| | | | - Carmenza E Góngora
- Department of Entomology, National Coffee Research Center (Cenicafe), Manizales, Colombia
| | - Pablo Benavides
- Department of Entomology, National Coffee Research Center (Cenicafe), Manizales, Colombia
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Yuan X, Zhang X, Liu X, Dong Y, Yan Z, Lv D, Wang P, Li Y. Comparison of Gut Bacterial Communities of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Reared on Different Host Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136843. [PMID: 34202141 PMCID: PMC8268091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal symbiotic bacteria have played an important role in the digestion, immunity detoxification, mating, and reproduction of insects during long-term coevolution. The oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta, is an important fruit tree pest worldwide. However, the composition of the G. molesta microbial community, especially of the gut microbiome, remains unclear. To explore the differences of gut microbiota of G. molesta when reared on different host plants, we determined the gut bacterial structure when G. molesta was transferred from an artificial diet to different host plants (apples, peaches, nectarines, crisp pears, plums, peach shoots) by amplicon sequencing technology. The results showed that Proteobacteria and Firmicutes are dominant in the gut microbiota of G. molesta. Plum-feeding G. molesta had the highest richness and diversity of gut microbiota, while apple-feeding G. molesta had the lowest. PCoA and PERMANOVA analysis revealed that there were significant differences in the gut microbiota structure of G. molesta on different diets. PICRUSt2 analysis indicated that most of the functional prediction pathways were concentrated in metabolic and cellular processes. Our results confirmed that gut bacterial communities of G. molesta can be influenced by host diets and may play an important role in host adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqun Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xueying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yanlu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zizheng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Dongbiao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Yiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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Huang K, Wang J, Huang J, Zhang S, Vogler AP, Liu Q, Li Y, Yang M, Li Y, Zhou X. Host Phylogeny and Diet Shape Gut Microbial Communities Within Bamboo-Feeding Insects. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:633075. [PMID: 34239504 PMCID: PMC8260032 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.633075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays an important role in a host’s development and adaption to its dietary niche. In this study, a group of bamboo-feeding insects are used to explore the potential role of the gut microbiota in the convergent adaptation to extreme diet specialization. Specifically, using a 16S rRNA marker and an Illumina sequencing platform, we profiled the microbial communities of 76 gut samples collected from nine bamboo-feeding insects, including both hemimetabolous (Orthoptera and Hemiptera) and holometabolous (Coleoptera and Lepidoptera) species, which are specialized in three distinct dietary niches: bamboo leaf, shoot, and sap. The gut microbiota of these insects were dominated by Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes and were clustered into solid (leaf and shoot) and liquid (sap) dietary niches. The gut bacterial communities of insects feeding on solid diet overlapped significantly, even though these insects belong to phylogenetically distant lineages representing different orders. In addition, the presence of cellulolytic bacterial communities within the gut microbiota allows bamboo-feeding insects to adapt to a highly specialized, fiber-rich diet. Although both phylogeny and diet can impact the structure and composition of gut microbiomes, phylogeny is the primary driving force underlying the convergent adaptation to a highly specialized diet, especially when the related insect species harbor similar gut microbiomes and share the same dietary niche over evolutionary timescales. These combined findings lay the foundation for future research on how convergent feeding strategies impact the interplays between hosts and their gut microbiomes and how the gut microbiota may facilitate convergent evolution in phylogenetically distant species in adaptation to the shared diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuanguan Huang
- Department of Forestry Protection, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Forestry Protection, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junhao Huang
- Department of Forestry Protection, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shouke Zhang
- Department of Forestry Protection, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Alfried P Vogler
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London Silwood Park, Ascot, United Kingdom
| | - Quanquan Liu
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Yongchun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Maowei Yang
- Institute of Forestry Investigation and Planning of Guangning, Guangning, China
| | - You Li
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Xuguo Zhou
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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Dar MA, Shaikh AF, Pawar KD, Xie R, Sun J, Kandasamy S, Pandit RS. Evaluation of cellulose degrading bacteria isolated from the gut-system of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera and their potential values in biomass conversion. PeerJ 2021. [DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera is a widely distributed, devastating pest of over 200 crop plants that mainly consist of some cellulosic materials. Despite its economic importance as a pest, little is known about the diversity and community structure of gut symbiotic bacteria potentially functioned in cellulose digestion in different gut-sections of H. armigera. In view of this lacuna, we attempted to evaluate and characterize cellulose-degrading bacteria (CDB) from foregut, midgut, and hindgut -regions of H. armigera by using a culture-dependent approach.
Methodology
The symbiotic bacteria were isolated from different gut-systems of H. armigera by enrichment techniques using Carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (CMC) as carbon source. The isolated bacteria were purified and subsequently screened for cellulose-degradation by plate-based method to display the zones of CMC clearance around the colonies. The identification and phylogeny of the gut-bacteria were reconstructed by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Different enzymes such as endoglucanase, exoglucanase, β-glucosidase, and xylanase were assayed to determine the cellulolytic repertoire of the isolated bacteria.
Results
The enrichment of CDB and subsequent plate based screening methods resulted in isolation of 71 bacteria among which 54% of the bacteria were obtained from foregut. Among the isolated bacteria, 25 isolates showed discernible cellulose-degradation potential on CMC-agar plates. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing affiliated these cellulolytic bacteria to two major phyla viz., Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. The members of the genus Klebsiella accounted for 39.43% of the total isolated bacteria while 31% of the Bacillus strains were enriched from hindgut region. The principal component analysis (PCA) further suggested that the members of Bacillus and Klebsiella together dominated the foregut and hindgut regions as they accounted for 68% of the total CDB. The four potential isolates selected on the basis of plate-based activities were further evaluated for their lignocellulases production by using various agricultural wastes as substrates. The PCA of the enzyme activities demonstrated that potential isolates majorly secreted endoglucanase and xylanase enzymes. Among the agro-wastes, multivariate analysis validated wheat husk (WH) and sugarcane bagasse (SCB) as most favorable substrates for xylanase and endoglucanase productions respectively. The overall findings suggest that H. armigera harbors diverse bacterial communities in different gut-sections that could assist the host in digestion processes, which may potentially serve as a valuable reservoir of some unique symbionts applied for biomass conversion in biofuel industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir A. Dar
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Afrin F. Shaikh
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kiran D. Pawar
- School of Nanoscience and Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rongrong Xie
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | | | - Radhakrishna S. Pandit
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Akbari H, Shekrabi SPH, Soltani M, Mehrgan MS. Effects of Potential Probiotic Enterococcus casseliflavus (EC-001) on Growth Performance, Immunity, and Resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila Infection in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio). Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:1316-1325. [PMID: 33721202 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09771-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effects of different levels of dietary Enterococcus casseliflavus (EC-001), as a potential probiotic, were investigated on the growth performance, hemato-biochemical parameters, immune responses, and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings. Accordingly, fish (N = 720; 12.0 ± 0.5 g) were distributed into four treatments receiving different dietary levels of E. casseliflavus, EC-001 (0 [control], 1 × 107, 108, and 109 CFU g-1 feed), for 8 weeks. The fish fed with a diet containing 109 CFU g-1 showed the highest weight gain and specific growth rate, along with the lowest feed conversion ratio, compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Red and white blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, neutrophils, and monocytes significantly increased in the fish fed with 1 × 108 and 109 CFU g-1 (P < 0.05). Dietary inclusion of 1 × 108 and 109 CFU g-1 significantly increased serum total protein, albumin, and immunoglobulin content (P < 0.05). Feeding the fish with 1 × 109 CFU g-1 resulted in a significant increase in serum and skin mucus lysozyme activity compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). Complement component 3 and skin mucus protease activity were also significantly higher in all the fish treated with dietary E. casseliflavus (EC-001) compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The cumulative mortality in the treated fish was lower (ranging from 10 to 22%) than the control group (31%) after challenging the fish with A. hydrophila infection, while the fish fed with E. casseliflavus (EC-001) at 1 × 109 CFU g-1 exhibited the lowest mortality rate (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our results revealed the potential probiotic effects of E. casseliflavus (EC-001) for enhancing growth performance, immunity, and disease resistance of common carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Akbari
- Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Soltani
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Freshwater Fish Group and Fish Health Unit, Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Perth, Australia
| | - Mehdi Shamsaie Mehrgan
- Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Zhao J, Shao T, Chen S, Tao X, Li J. Characterization and identification of cellulase-producing Enterococcus species isolated from Tibetan yak (Bos grunniens) rumen and their application in various forage silages. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:1102-1112. [PMID: 33484057 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cellulase-producing Enterococcus species isolated from the rumen of Tibetan yak (Bos grunniens) were characterized, and their combined effects on the silage quality of various forages were studied. METHODS AND RESULTS The two isolated strains with high cellulolytic potential were identified as Enterococcus faecalis (EF85) and E. faecium (EF83) by 16S rRNA sequencing. Both EF85 and EF83 could grow well at 15-55°C, pH 3·0-6·0 and in 3·0-6·5% NaCl. The cellulase secreted by EF85 and EF83 showed good stability at temperatures from 20 to 45°C and pH from 4·5 to 7·0. A commercial inoculant (CLP), a commercial cellulase (CE) and the two cellulolytic strains (EF85 + EF83) were added to whole-crop corn, sweet sorghum and Napier grass ensiling for 120 days respectively. In Napier grass silage, all inoculants significantly increased lactic acid content and ratio of lactic to acetic acid and decreased pH, butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen contents. The acid detergent fibre and cellulose contents in EF85 + EF83 treatment were significantly lower than those in the other treatments. In whole-crop corn and sweet sorghum silages, all additives had no significant effect on the fermentation quality, while CE and EF85 + EF83 markedly enhanced cellulose degradation and increased free sugar content. CONCLUSION The combined inoculation of the cellulolytic strain EF85 and EF83 to various forages reduced the fibre content of the resulting silages. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Few studies involved inoculation of silage with Enterococcus species in different forage types. The isolated cellulolytic strains of E. faecalis EF85 and E. faecium EF83 could be a great alternative for commercial inoculants and enzymes in silage production.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - T Shao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - S Chen
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - X Tao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Li
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Harindintwali JD, Zhou J, Habimana I, Dong X, Sun C, Nwamba MC, Yang W, Yu X. Biotechnological potential of cellulolytic nitrogen-fixing Klebsiella sp. C-3 isolated from paddy soil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2021.100624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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46
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Jain D, Ravina, Bhojiya AA, Chauhan S, Rajpurohit D, Mohanty SR. Polyphasic Characterization of Plant Growth Promoting Cellulose Degrading Bacteria Isolated from Organic Manures. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:739-748. [PMID: 33416972 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02342-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, twenty seven cellulose-degrading bacteria (CDB) were isolated from various organic manures and their cellulolytic activities were determined. The bacterial isolate CDB-26 showed the highest cellulolytic index, released 0.507 ± 0.025 mg/ml glucose and produced 0.196 ± 0.014 IU/ml cellulase enzyme under in vitro conditions. Biochemically, all the 27 isolates showed difference in the 6 biochemical tests performed. Further, all the 27 CDB isolates were subjected to various plant growth-promoting activities, and all CDB strains were positive for IAA production, GA3 production and siderophore production, whereas 19 strains were positive for ACC deaminase activity, 21 strains showed NH3 production and 19 strains were positive for HCN production. Out of 27 CDB isolates, 18 isolates were able to solubilize phosphate, 21 isolates were able to solubilize potash and 10 CDB isolates were found positive for silica solubilization. The molecular diversity among different CDB isolates was studied through ARDRA and demonstrated very high genetic diversity among these bacteria. The in vitro cellulose-degradation potential of these CDB isolates using vegetable waste as substrate were also assessed, and the 3 CDB isolates viz. Serratia surfactantfaciens (CDB-26), Stenotrophomonas rhizophila (CDB-16) and Pseudomonas fragi (CDB-5) showed the highest cellulose-degrading potential under in vitro conditions. Hence, the cellulolytic microbes isolated in the present study could be used for effective bioconversion of plant biomasses into enriched compost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Jain
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, 313001, India.
| | - Ravina
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, 313001, India
| | - Ali Asger Bhojiya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, 313001, India.,Department of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Mewar University, Chittaurgarh, Rajasthan, India
| | - Surya Chauhan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, 313001, India
| | - Deepak Rajpurohit
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, 313001, India
| | - Santosh R Mohanty
- Indian Institute of Soil Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462038, India
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Mutwedu VB, Nyongesa AW, Oduma JA, Kitaa JM, Mbaria JM. Thermal stress causes oxidative stress and physiological changes in female rabbits. J Therm Biol 2020; 95:102780. [PMID: 33454048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of heat stress on oxidative stress status and physiological changes using female New Zealand White rabbits. 24 sexually mature female rabbits weighing 1953.1-2375.4 g were divided into 4 groups of 6 animals each and subjected to ambient temperature (T0: 19-26 °C), 27-28 °C for T1, 31-32 °C for T2 and 35-36 °C for T3 using electrical heaters from 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. daily for 30 days. Feed intake and body weight gain were recorded daily. Behavioral alterations of anxiety, dizziness, aggression, withdrawal, impaired feed intake were observed. At the end of experimental period animals were sacrificed, blood samples and vital organs such as liver, kidney, heart, ovaries, uterus collected for appropriate analysis. Results revealed that animals of T2 and T3 had an 11% decrease in the final body weights and 62% body weight gain but increase in feed conversion ratio by 64.81%, 24.19% water intake, 3.64% in rectal and 2.42% in skin temperature compared to the control. Dizziness, withdrawal to a corner of the cage and reduced feed intake were observed. The live weight of lungs and kidneys increased by 37.71% and 33.78% while that of ovaries and uterus decreased in the same animals of T2 and T3. Animals from T2 and T3 showed significant decrease (p < 0.05) by 23.64% in hemoglobin concentration, 12.73% in red blood cells, 11.93% in packed cell volume, 12.02% in total protein while mean corpuscular volume, white blood cells, lymphocytes, creatinine, urea and aspartate transaminase increased respectively by 10.73%, 42.37%, 15.53%, 28.98%, 53.2% and 23.31% compared to the control. The kidney level of malondialdehyde was significantly increased in T2 and T3 animals by 74.29%, whereas protein, catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity were significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared with control. It was concluded that long-term exposure of female rabbits to elevated ambient temperatures induces heat stress and accompanying oxidative stress that consequently impairs physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- V B Mutwedu
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Studies, Université Evangélique en Afrique (UEA), Bukavu, Congo; Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - A W Nyongesa
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - J A Oduma
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - J M Kitaa
- Clinical Studies Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - J M Mbaria
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
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Li J, Tang X, Zhao J, Chen S, Wang S, Shao T. Improvement of fermentation quality and cellulose convertibility of Napier grass silage by inoculation of cellulolytic bacteria from Tibetan yak (Bos grunniens). J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:1857-1867. [PMID: 33128833 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To isolate and identify cellulolytic bacteria from yak rumen and further evaluate the effects of the isolates on the silage quality, structural carbohydrates degradation and cellulose convertibility of Napier grass silage. METHODS AND RESULTS Two out of 218 strains were selected based on their most extensive transparent zone and the highest filter paper disintegration rate. The two isolates (JFL12 and JF85) could grow normally at 15-55°C, pH 3·0-7·0 and NaCl (3·0, 6·5%), and were identified as Enterococcus casseliflavus and Enterococcus faecalis by 16S rDNA sequence analysis, respectively. Napier grass was ensiled with no additive control (C), Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp), JFL12, JF85, JFL12 + Lp and JF85 + Lp for 3, 5, 7, 14, 30 and 60 days. All inoculated silages had higher lactic acid content, lower pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH3 -N) and lignocellulose contents than the control silage. Silages treated with JFL12 + Lp and JF85 + Lp had the lowest pH and NH3 -N contents, the highest lactic acid content and lignocellulose degradation among all treatments. The isolates with or without Lp significantly (P < 0·01) increased water soluble carbohydrates (WSC), glucose, fructose and sucrose contents as compared with the control silage. Silages treated with JFL12 + Lp and JF85 + Lp had higher glucose yield and cellulose convertibility than the other silages. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, the application of isolates (JFL12 and JF85) with Lp had synergistic effects on accelerating the degradation of structural carbohydrates and improving the silage quality. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Napier grass presents difficulty to ensiling due to its low WSC and high structural carbohydrates contents. The screened cellulolytic bacteria could be a candidate strain in improving fermentation quality and structural carbohydrates degradability of ensiled forages.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - X Tang
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Zhao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - S Chen
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - S Wang
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - T Shao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Barbosa KL, Malta VRDS, Machado SS, Leal Junior GA, da Silva APV, Almeida RMRG, da Luz JMR. Bacterial cellulase from the intestinal tract of the sugarcane borer. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:441-448. [PMID: 32526296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cellulolytic enzymes have wide use in several industrial segments (e.g. biofuels, pulp and paper, food, and cosmetics). However, one of the challenges is their large-scale production with high specific activity to eliminate the dependence of the purchase of enzymatic cocktails produced by commercial parties. The aims of this study were (1) isolation, selection, and partial characterization of bacterial cellulases present in the intestinal tract of the sugarcane borer and (2) to identify cellulase-producing bacteria by analyzing the 16S rDNA gene. Cellulase production and purification assays resulted in similar electrophoretic profiles between four bacterial strains. These strains were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella sp., and Bacillus sp. K. pneumoniae was the main cellulase-producing microorganism. Our results show the possibility of finding cellulolytic microorganisms that inhabit the gut of herbivorous animals, especially those that are predators of important crops of economic value. Furthermore, K. pneumoniae cellulase is of medical importance. In hospitals, health professionals, hospital technicians, patients and visitors wear clothes containing cellulose. Thus, K. pneumoniae within hospitals can contaminate these clothes and be spread to the environment. In that case, it would be important for the hospital's chemical sterilization products to have at least one cellulase inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kledson Lopes Barbosa
- Federal University of Alagoas, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Campus Maceió, 57072-900 Maceió, AL, Brazil.
| | | | - Sonia Salgueiro Machado
- Federal University of Alagoas, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Campus Maceió, 57072-900 Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Jose Maria Rodrigues da Luz
- Federal University of Alagoas, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Postgraduate Multicenter Program of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus Maceió, 57072-900 Maceió, AL, Brazil
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Delhoumi M, Catania V, Zaabar W, Tolone M, Quatrini P, Achouri MS. The gut microbiota structure of the terrestrial isopod Porcellionides pruinosus (Isopoda: Oniscidea). EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2020.1781269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Delhoumi
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - V. Catania
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - W. Zaabar
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
| | - M. Tolone
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - P. Quatrini
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - M. S. Achouri
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
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