Clinical evaluation of haploidentical hematopoietic combined with human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells in severe aplastic anemia

[Clinical analysis of 76 patients with severe aplastic anemia treated with haploid hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of haploidentical donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of severe aplastic anemia. Methods: The clinical data of 76 patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) patients who underwent haplo-HSCT from December 2014 to October 2020 were selectively analyzed. There were 50 males and 26 females with a median age of 16 (3-52) years old. There were 49 SAA-Ⅰ patients, 18 SAA-Ⅱ patients, and 9 patients with hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia. There were 15 cases of bone marrow put together with peripheral blood stem cell transplantation and 61 cases of peripheral blood stem-cell transplantation. Conditioning regimens were Cyclophosphamide (CY) + Fludarabine (Flu) + ATG for 46 patients and Busulfan (Bu) + CY+Flu+ATG for 30 patients. Results: Three patients died during the myelosuppressive phase following transplantation, and 73 patients had a median time of neutrophil engraftment of 12 (9-21) days; in addition to 3 patients who died early, 8 patients did not obtain platelet reconstruction after transplantation, and 65 patients had platelet engraftment with a medium time of 14 (9-90) d. The incidence of primary graft failure was 10.9% and the incidence of secondary graft failure was 5.5%. The incidence of Ⅱ-Ⅳ acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) was 38.4%, the incidence of Ⅲ-Ⅳ aGVHD was 16.4%, the incidence of chronic graft anti-host disease (cGVHD) was 35.8%, and the incidence of extensive cGVHD was 22.4%. The medium follow-up time was 19.5 (1-75) months, the prospective overall survival (OS) for 2 years was (78.6±5.0) %, the failure-free survival (FFS) was (75.9±5.1) %, and the transplant-related mortality was (20.2±4.9) %. Multi-factor analysis revealed that the patient older than 35 years old, Ⅲ/Ⅳ aGVHD, HCT-CI≥3, the pre-transplant ferritin ≥1 500 μg/L, the number of neutrophils >1×10(9)/L at the time of onset were risk factors affecting OS (P=0.008, 0.008, 0.014, 0.004, 0.027) . Patients with graft failure had lower OS and FFS than other patients (P<0.001) . Conclusion: Haplo-HSCT is an effective method for treating SAA in children, adolescents, and young patients, and the occurrence of severe aGVHD and severe infection, as well as graft failure, are the main causes of survival rate. The prevention and treatment of severe aGVHD and infection are essential to improve efficacy.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Acquired Aplastic Anemia: The Spectrum from Basic to Clinical Utility

Aplastic anemia (AA), a rare but potentially life-threatening disease, is a paradigm of bone marrow failure syndromes characterized by pancytopenia in the peripheral blood and hypocellularity in the bone marrow. The pathophysiology of acquired idiopathic AA is quite complex. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), an important component of the bone marrow, are crucial in providing the specialized microenvironment for hematopoiesis. MSC dysfunction may result in an insufficient bone marrow and may be associated with the development of AA. In this comprehensive review, we summarized the current understanding about the involvement of MSCs in the pathogenesis of acquired idiopathic AA, along with the clinical application of MSCs for patients with the disease. The pathophysiology of AA, the major properties of MSCs, and results of MSC therapy in preclinical animal models of AA are also described. Several important issues regarding the clinical use of MSCs are discussed finally. With evolving knowledge from basic studies and clinical applications, we anticipate that more patients with the disease can benefit from the therapeutic effects of MSCs in the near future.

Safety and Efficacy of Co-transplantation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells Combined With Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Children With Severe Aplastic Anemia: A Single-Center Experience

OBJECTIVES

The mostimportant problems thatlimitthe effectiveness of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with severe aplastic anemia are graft failure and graft-versus-host disease. Mesenchymal stem cells can support normal hematopoiesis and prevent graft-versus-host disease. We aimed to analyze the effects of combined transplant of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells and matched donor allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells in children with severe aplastic anemia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We retrospectively examined 15 pediatric patients with severe aplastic anemia who received fludarabine-based reduced intensity conditioning regimen and intravenously infused human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells at a dose of 1 × 106/kg recipient body weight within 12 to 18 hours before hematopoietic stem cells infusion. We evaluated the engraftment rate, the frequency and severity of graft-versus-host disease, and the overall survival rate.

RESULTS

No patients had adverse events related to intravenously human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells infusion. All patients achieved successful engraftment and sustained donor chimerism. The median time for neutrophil and platelet engraftment was 14 and 25 days,respectively. The frequency was 20% for grade III/IV acute graftversus- host disease and 15.3% for chronic graftversus-host disease. Patients were followed-up for a median of 33 months (range, 2-89 months). The 5-year overall survival rate was 80%.

CONCLUSIONS

Combined transplant of matched donor hematopoietic stem cells with human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells is safe in pediatric patients with severe aplastic anemia. The achievement of engraftment in all of our patients and the acceptable frequency of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease and survival rate are encouraging.

Combination of Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation with Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Patients with Severe Aplastic Anemia: a Retrospective, Controlled Study

Objective:

We retrospectively compared the outcomes of patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) who received haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) combined or not combined with umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs).

Materials and Methods:

A total of 101 patients with SAA were enrolled in this study and treated with haplo-HSCT plus UC-MSC infusion (MSC group, n=47) or haplo-HSCT alone (non-MSC group, n=54).

Results:

The median time to neutrophil engraftment in the MSC and non-MSC group was 11 (range: 8-19) and 12 (range: 8-23) days, respectively (p=0.049), with a respective cumulative incidence (CI) of 97.82% and 97.96% (p=0.101). Compared to the non-MSC group, the MSC group had a lower CI of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (8.60±0.25% vs. 24.57±0.48%, p=0.048), but similar rates of grades II-IV acute GVHD (23.40±0.39% vs. 24.49±0.39%, p=0.849), grades III-IV acute GVHD (8.51±0.17% vs. 10.20±0.19%, p=0.765), and moderate-severe chronic GVHD (2.38±0.06% vs. 7.45±0.18%, p=0.352) were observed. The estimated 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 78.3±6.1% and 70.1±6.3% (p=0.292) while the estimated 5-year GVHD-free, failure-free survival (GFFS) rates were 76.6±6.2% and 56.7±6.9% (p=0.045) in the MSC and non-MSC groups, respectively.

Conclusion:

In multivariate analysis, graft failure was the only adverse predictor for OS. Meanwhile, graft failure, grades III-IV acute GVHD, and moderate-severe chronic GVHD could predict worse GFFS. Our results indicated that haplo-HSCT combined with UC-MSCs infusion was an effective and safe option for SAA patients.

Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Current Literature and Role in Periodontal Regeneration

Periodontal disease can cause irreversible damage to tooth-supporting tissues such as the root cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone, eventually leading to tooth loss. While standard periodontal treatments are usually helpful in reducing disease progression, they cannot repair or replace lost periodontal tissue. Periodontal regeneration has been demonstrated to be beneficial in treating intraosseous and furcation defects to varied degrees. Cell-based treatment for periodontal regeneration will become more efficient and predictable as tissue engineering and progenitor cell biology advance, surpassing the limitations of present therapeutic techniques. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with the ability to self-renew and differentiate into several cell types when stimulated. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been tested for periodontal regeneration in vitro and in humans, with promising results. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) possess a great regenerative and therapeutic potential. Their added benefits comprise ease of collection, endless source of stem cells, less immunorejection, and affordability. Further, their collection does not include the concerns associated with human embryonic stem cells. The purpose of this review is to address the most recent findings about periodontal regenerative mechanisms, different stem cells accessible for periodontal regeneration, and UC-MSCs and their involvement in periodontal regeneration.

Comparable Outcomes and Health-Related Quality of Life for Severe Aplastic Anemia: Haploidentical Combined With a Single Cord Blood Unit vs Matched Related Transplants

We retrospectively compared the outcomes and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of severe aplastic anemia (SAA) patients who received haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with a single unrelated cord blood unit (Haplo-cord HSCT) (n = 180) or matched related donor (MRD)-HSCT (n = 128). After propensity score matching, we were able to match 88 patients in each group and to compare the outcomes between the two matched-pair groups. Haplo-cord recipients exhibited a longer median days for neutrophil engraftment (12 vs 11, P = 0.001) and for platelet engraftment (15 vs 13, P = 0.003). Haplo-cord recipients a high cumulative incidence of grades II–IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (29.8 vs 14.0%, P = 0.006), while similar III–IV acute GVHD, total chronic GVHD, and moderate to severe chronic GVHD at four-year (all P < 0.05). Among the Haplo-cord HSCT and MRD-HSCT groups, the four-year GVHD-free/failure-free survival rates were 73.5% and 66.9% (P = 0.388) respectively, and the overall survival rates were 81.5% and 77.2% (P = 0.484), respectively. Similar comparable results also were observed between the corresponding first-line, older or younger than 40 years old subgroups. The Haplo-cord HSCT group exhibited higher scores in the physical component summary, physical functioning, general health and social functioning than the MRD-HSCT group (all P < 0.05). In the multivariate analysis, young age and Haplo-cord HSCT were favorable factors for HRQoL, while moderate to severe cGVHD was associated with lower HRQoL. These results suggest that for SAA patients, Haplo-cord HSCT could achieve at least comparable efficacy and HRQoL to MRD-HSCT.

Outcomes of haploidentical bone marrow transplantation in patients with severe aplastic anemia-II that progressed from non-severe acquired aplastic anemia

Severe aplastic anemia II (SAA-II) progresses from non-severe aplastic anemia (NSAA). The unavailability of efficacious treatment has prompted the need for haploidentical bone marrow transplantation (haplo-BMT) in patients lacking a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donor. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of haplo-BMT for patients with SAA-II. Twenty-two patients were included and followed up, and FLU/BU/CY/ATG was used as conditioning regimen. Among these patients, 21 were successfully engrafted, 19 of whom survived after haplo-BMT. Four patients experienced grade II-IV aGvHD, including two with grade III-IV aGvHD. Six patients experienced chronic GvHD, among whom four were mild and two were moderate. Twelve patients experienced infections during BMT. One was diagnosed with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder and one with probable EBV disease, and both recovered after rituximab infusion. Haplo-BMT achieved 3-year overall survival and disease-free survival rate of 86.4% ± 0.73% after a median follow-up of 42 months, indicating its effectiveness as a salvage therapy. These promising outcomes may support haplo-BMT as an alternative treatment strategy for patients with SAA-II lacking HLA-matched donors.

Combined haploidentical and cord blood transplantation for refractory severe aplastic anaemia and hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome

Umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation is a potentially curative treatment for patients with refractory severe aplastic anaemia (SAA), but has historically been associated with delayed engraftment and high graft failure and mortality rates. We conducted a prospective phase 2 trial to assess outcome of an allogeneic transplant regimen that co-infused a single UCB unit with CD34⁺ -selected cells from a haploidentical relative. Among 29 SAA patients [including 10 evolved to myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)] who underwent the haplo cord transplantation (median age 20 years), 97% had neutrophil recovery (median 10 days), and 93% had platelet recovery (median 32 days). Early myeloid engraftment was from the haplo donor and was gradually replaced by durable engraftment from UCB in most patients. The cumulative incidences of grade II-IV acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) were 21% and 41%, respectively. With a median follow-up of 7·5 years, overall survival was 83% and GVHD/relapse-free survival was 69%. Patient- and transplant-related factors had no impact on engraftment and survival although transplants with haplo-versus-cord killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) ligand incompatibility had delayed cord engraftment. Our study shows haplo cord transplantation is associated with excellent engraftment and long-term outcome, providing an alternative option for patients with refractory SAA and hypoplastic MDS who lack human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donors.

Biological Characteristics of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Its Therapeutic Potential for Hematological Disorders

Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) are a class of multifunctional stem cells isolated and cultured from umbilical cord. They possessed the characteristics of highly self-renewal, multi-directional differentiation potential and low immunogenicity. Its application in the field of tissue engineering and gene therapy has achieved a series of results. Recent studies have confirmed their characteristics of inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and migration to nest of cancer. The ability of UC-MSCs to support hematopoietic microenvironment and suppress immune system suggests that they can improve engraftment after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which shows great potential in treatment of hematologic diseases. This review will focus on the latest advances in biological characteristics and mechanism of UC-MSCs in treatment of hematological diseases.

Mesenchymal stromal cells as prophylaxis for graft-versus-host disease in haplo-identical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients with severe aplastic anemia?-a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are an emerging prophylaxis option for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in haplo-identical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) recipients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA), but studies have reported inconsistent results. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy of MSCs as prophylaxis for GVHD in SAA patients with haplo-HSCT.

METHODS

Studies were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Web of Science, and http://clinicaltrials.gov from establishment to February 2020. Twenty-nine single-arm studies (n = 1456) were included, in which eight (n = 241) studies combined with MSCs and eleven (n = 1215) reports without MSCs in haplo-HSCT for SAA patients. The primary outcomes were the incidences of GVHD. Other outcomes included 2-year overall survival (OS) and the incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to compare the results pooled through random or fixed effects models.

RESULTS

Between MSCs and no MSCs groups, no significant differences were found in the pooled incidences of acute GVHD (56.0%, 95% CI 48.6-63.5% vs. 47.2%, 95% CI 29.0-65.4%; OR 1.43, 95% CI 0.91-2.25; p = 0.123), grade II-IV acute GVHD (29.8%, 95% CI 24.1-35.5% vs. 30.6%, 95% CI 26.6-34.6%; OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.70-1.32; p = 0.889), and chronic GVHD (25.4%, 95% CI 19.8-31.0% vs. 30.0%, 95% CI 23.3-36.6%; OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.56-1.11; p = 0.187). Furtherly, there was no obvious difference in 2-year OS (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.60-1.61; p = 1.000) and incidence of CMV infection (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.40-1.92; p = 0.018).

CONCLUSIONS

Our meta-analysis indicates that the prophylactic use of MSC co-transplantation is not an effective option for SAA patients undergoing haplo-HSCT. Hence, the general co-transplantation of MSCs for SAA haplo-HSCT recipients may lack evidence-based practice.

Feasibility of reduced-dose posttransplant cyclophosphamide and cotransplantation of peripheral blood stem cells and umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells for SAA

Posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis is an effective strategie for patients receiving matched sibling donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (MSD-HSCT) and haploidentical HSCT (haplo-HSCT). We evaluated the effectiveness and safety of reduced-dose cyclophosphamide, 20 mg/kg for 13 patients in MSD-HSCT cohort and 25 mg/kg for 22 patients in haplo-HSCT cohort, on days + 3, + 4 combined with cotransplantation of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) and human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) for severe aplastic anemia (SAA). In MSD-PTCy cohort, the times to neutrophil and platelet engraftment were significantly shorter than those in the MSD-control cohort (P < 0.05). The cumulative incidence of acute GVHD (aGVHD) at day + 100 (15.4%) was lower than that in the MSD-control cohort (P = 0.050). No patient developed chronic GVHD (cGVHD). The 1-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) rates were 100% and 92.3%. In haplo-PTCy cohort, the times to neutrophil and platelet engraftment were significantly shorter than those in the haplo-control cohort (P < 0.05). The cumulative incidences of aGVHD at day + 100 and 1-year cGVHD were 31.8% and 18.2%, and the 1-year OS and EFS rates were 81.8% and 66.9%. Reduced-dose PTCy and cotransplantation of PBSCs and UC-MSCs is an acceptable alternative to patients with SAA.

Hypoplastic Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Just an Overlap Syndrome?

Simple Summary

Hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndromes (hMDS) represent a diagnostic conundrum. They share morphologic and clinical features of both MDS (dysplasia, genetic lesions and cytopenias) and aplastic anemia (AA; i.e., hypocellularity and autoimmunity) and are not comprised in the last WHO classification. In this review we recapitulate the main clinical, pathogenic and therapeutic aspects of hypo-MDS and discuss why they deserve to be distinguished from normo/hypercellular MDS and AA. We conclude that hMDS may present in two phenotypes: one more proinflammatory and autoimmune, more similar to AA, responding to immunosuppression; and one MDS-like dominated by genetic lesions, suppression of immune surveillance, and tumor escape, more prone to leukemic evolution.

Abstract

Myelodysplasias with hypocellular bone marrow (hMDS) represent about 10–15% of MDS and are defined by reduced bone marrow cellularity (i.e., <25% or an inappropriately reduced cellularity for their age in young patients). Their diagnosis is still an object of debate and has not been clearly established in the recent WHO classification. Clinical and morphological overlaps with both normo/hypercellular MDS and aplastic anemia include cytopenias, the presence of marrow hypocellularity and dysplasia, and cytogenetic and molecular alterations. Activation of the immune system against the hematopoietic precursors, typical of aplastic anemia, is reckoned even in hMDS and may account for the response to immunosuppressive treatment. Finally, the hMDS outcome seems more favorable than that of normo/hypercellular MDS patients. In this review, we analyze the available literature on hMDS, focusing on clinical, immunological, and molecular features. We show that hMDS pathogenesis and clinical presentation are peculiar, albeit in-between aplastic anemia (AA) and normo/hypercellular MDS. Two different hMDS phenotypes may be encountered: one featured by inflammation and immune activation, with increased cytotoxic T cells, increased T and B regulatory cells, and better response to immunosuppression; and the other, resembling MDS, where T and B regulatory/suppressor cells prevail, leading to genetic clonal selection and an increased risk of leukemic evolution. The identification of the prevailing hMDS phenotype might assist treatment choice, inform prognosis, and suggest personalized monitoring.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Aplastic Anemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes: The "Seed and Soil" Crosstalk

There is growing interest in the contribution of the marrow niche to the pathogenesis of bone marrow failure syndromes, i.e., aplastic anemia (AA) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs). In particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that contribute to the organization and function of the hematopoietic niche through their repopulating and supporting abilities, as well as immunomodulatory properties. The latter are of great interest in MDSs and, particularly, AA, where an immune attack against hematopoietic stem cells is the key pathogenic player. We, therefore, conducted Medline research, including all available evidence from the last 10 years concerning the role of MSCs in these two diseases. The data presented show that MSCs display morphologic, functional, and genetic alterations in AA and MDSs and contribute to immune imbalance, ineffective hematopoiesis, and leukemic evolution. Importantly, adoptive MSC infusion from healthy donors can be exploited to heal the "sick" niche, with even better outcomes if cotransplanted with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells. Finally, future studies on MSCs and the whole microenvironment will further elucidate AA and MDS pathogenesis and possibly improve treatment.

Umbilical cord stem cells: Background, processing and applications

Stem cells have currently gained attention in the field of medicine not only due to their ability to repair dysfunctional or damaged cells, but also they could be used as drug delivery system after being engineered to do so. Human umbilical cord is attractive source for autologous and allogenic stem cells that are currently amenable to treatment of various diseases. Human umbilical cord stem cells are -in contrast to embryonic and fetal stem cells- ethically noncontroversial, inexpensive and readily available source of cells. Umbilical cord, umbilical cord vein, amnion/placenta and Wharton's jelly are all rich of many types of multipotent stem cell populations capable of forming many different cell types. This review will focus on umbilical cord stem cells processing and current application in medicine.

Single cell derived spheres of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells enhance cell stemness properties, survival ability and therapeutic potential on liver failure

Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) have shown great potentials in regenerative medicine for their extensive sources, multilineage differentiation potential, low immunogenicity and self-renewal ability. However, the clinical application of UCMSCs still confronts many challenges including the requirement of large quantity of cells, low survival ability in vivo and the loss of main original characteristics due to two-dimensional (2D) culture. The traditional three-dimensional (3D)-spheroid culture can mimic in vivo conditions, but still has limitations in clinical application due to large size of spheroid against direct injection and inner cell death. Based on self-renewal tenet, we produced single cell derived sphere (SCDS) of UCMSCs through combining single cell pattern on chip with 3D culture. Compared with the 2D and traditional 3D culture, SCDS culture has many advantages to meet clinical requirements, including small size, higher abilities of survival and migration, and stronger hypoxia resistance and stemness maintenance. Furthermore, SCDS culture promotes angiogenesis in UCMSCs-xenografts and displays greater therapeutic potential on acute liver failure (ALF) in vivo. Our results suggest that SCDS culture may serve as a simple and effective strategy for UCMSCs optimization to meet clinical demand.

Haploidentical donor transplants for severe aplastic anemia

Haploidentical stem cell transplantation (HAPLO) is being increasingly used, and significant progress has been made both with ex vivo T-cell depleted grafts as well as with unmanipulated marrow or peripheral blood grafts. We here review the current status of HAPLO grafts in patients with acquired severe aplastic anemia. Several transplant platforms have been tested, to overcome graft severe rejection and graft vs host disease (GvHD): these include differences in the conditioning regimen, in graft source and graft manipulation, and in GvHD prophylaxis. The latter include ex vivo T-cell depletion and/or antithymocyte globulin and/or high dose post-transplant cyclophosphamide. Some programs also include the use of marrow or cord blood mesenchymal stem cells, infused at the time of transplantation. Extremely encouraging results are being reported especially in the pediatric population, but also in young adults: we will review reports on 375 patients, with an average rejection rate of 6%, grade II-IV GvHD of 23% and 1-year survival of 80%. Finally we will discuss the place of HAPLO transplants in the context of alternative donor grafts for acquired aplastic anemia.

Comparison of phenotypes and transcriptomes of mouse skin-derived precursors and dermal mesenchymal stem cells

Both skin-derived precursors (SKPs) and dermal mesenchymal stem cells (dMSCs) are promising candidates for cellular therapy and regenerative medicine. To date the comparison of phenotypes and transcriptomes of mouse SKPs (mSKPs) and dMSCs has never been reported. Here we characterized and compared the biological properties and transcriptomes of mSKP and dMSCs from the same mouse dermis sample. Firstly, we analyzed mSKPs and dMSCs by use of immunocytochemistry, cell cycle analysis, and CD antigen expression. Then we conducted the osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic induced differentiation for both cell types. Lastly, we compared their genomic profiles by RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq), and verified the results of RNA-Seq by quantitative real time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). The results suggested that mSKPs and dMSCs shared similarities in certain positive stem cells markers expression, but demonstrated difference in Nanog and Oct4 expression. mSKPs and dMSCs demonstrated similar cell cycle distribution and CD antigen expression. Both types of cells could be induced differentiated into osteocytes, adipocytes, and chondrocytes. However, RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR results indicated that mSKPs and dMSCs had distinct transcriptome profiles. The majority of enriched differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from mSKPs was immune-related, while the majority of enriched DEGs from dMSCs was differentiation/development/disease-related. Transcriptome profiles suggested that mSKPs and dMSCs might have potential usage in the relevant morbidity management. These results may indicate a molecular basis for novel stem cell-based therapeutic strategies.