1
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Yang Y, Cheng Q, Gao J, Kim WS. Status of biomarker development for frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2117-2118. [PMID: 38488546 PMCID: PMC11034604 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.392883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- Brain and Mind Centre & School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Qi Cheng
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Stroke and Neurology Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jianqun Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Woojin Scott Kim
- Brain and Mind Centre & School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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2
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Puerta R, de Rojas I, García-González P, Olivé C, Sotolongo-Grau O, García-Sánchez A, García-Gutiérrez F, Montrreal L, Pablo Tartari J, Sanabria Á, Pytel V, Lage C, Quintela I, Aguilera N, Rodriguez-Rodriguez E, Alarcón-Martín E, Orellana A, Pastor P, Pérez-Tur J, Piñol-Ripoll G, de Munian AL, García-Alberca JM, Royo JL, Bullido MJ, Álvarez V, Real LM, Anchuelo AC, Gómez-Garre D, Larrad MTM, Franco-Macías E, Mir P, Medina M, Sánchez-Valle R, Dols-Icardo O, Sáez ME, Carracedo Á, Tárraga L, Alegret M, Valero S, Marquié M, Boada M, Juan PS, Cavazos JE, Cabrera A, Cano A. Connecting genomic and proteomic signatures of amyloid burden in the brain. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.09.06.24313124. [PMID: 39281766 PMCID: PMC11398581 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.06.24313124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a high heritable component characteristic of complex diseases, yet many of the genetic risk factors remain unknown. We combined genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on amyloid endophenotypes measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and positron emission tomography (PET) as surrogates of amyloid pathology, which may be helpful to understand the underlying biology of the disease. Methods We performed a meta-analysis of GWAS of CSF Aβ42 and PET measures combining six independent cohorts (n=2,076). Due to the opposite effect direction of Aβ phenotypes in CSF and PET measures, only genetic signals in the opposite direction were considered for analysis (n=376,599). Polygenic risk scores (PRS) were calculated and evaluated for AD status and amyloid endophenotypes. We then searched the CSF proteome signature of brain amyloidosis using SOMAscan proteomic data (Ace cohort, n=1,008) and connected it with GWAS results of loci modulating amyloidosis. Finally, we compared our results with a large meta-analysis using publicly available datasets in CSF (n=13,409) and PET (n=13,116). This combined approach enabled the identification of overlapping genes and proteins associated with amyloid burden and the assessment of their biological significance using enrichment analyses. Results After filtering the meta-GWAS, we observed genome-wide significance in the rs429358-APOE locus and nine suggestive hits were annotated. We replicated the APOE loci using the large CSF-PET meta-GWAS and identified multiple AD-associated genes as well as the novel GADL1 locus. Additionally, we found a significant association between the AD PRS and amyloid levels, whereas no significant association was found between any Aβ PRS with AD risk. CSF SOMAscan analysis identified 1,387 FDR-significant proteins associated with CSF Aβ42 levels. The overlap among GWAS loci and proteins associated with amyloid burden was very poor (n=35). The enrichment analysis of overlapping hits strongly suggested several signalling pathways connecting amyloidosis with the anchored component of the plasma membrane, synapse physiology and mental disorders that were replicated in the large CSF-PET meta-analysis. Conclusions The strategy of combining CSF and PET amyloid endophenotypes GWAS with CSF proteome analyses might be effective for identifying signals associated with the AD pathological process and elucidate causative molecular mechanisms behind the amyloid mobilization in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Puerta
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona (UB)
| | - Itziar de Rojas
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo García-González
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clàudia Olivé
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Laura Montrreal
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Tartari
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Spain
| | - Ángela Sanabria
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Pytel
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Lage
- Neurology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital (University of Cantabria and IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Quintela
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Centro Nacional de Genotipado (CEGEN-PRB3-ISCIII). Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Nuria Aguilera
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Spain
| | - Eloy Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Neurology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital (University of Cantabria and IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Adelina Orellana
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pau Pastor
- Unit of Neurodegenerative diseases, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Pérez-Tur
- Unitat de Genètica Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina de València-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Neurologia Genètica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gerard Piñol-Ripoll
- Unitat Trastorns Cognitius, Hospital Universitari Santa Maria de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomedica de Lleida (IRBLLeida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Adolfo López de Munian
- Department of Neurology. Hospital Universitario Donostia. San Sebastian, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences. Faculty of Medicine and Nursery. University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neurosciences Area. Instituto Biodonostia. San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jose María García-Alberca
- Alzheimer Research Center & Memory Clinic, Andalusian Institute for Neuroscience, Málaga, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Luís Royo
- Departamento de Especialidades Quirúrgicas, Bioquímica e Inmunología. School of Medicine. University of Malaga. Málaga, Spain
| | - María Jesús Bullido
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC)
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria 'Hospital la Paz' (IdIPaz), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
| | - Victoria Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Genética. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)
| | - Luis Miguel Real
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología.Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Especialidades Quirúrgicas, Bioquímica e Inmunología. School of Medicine. University of Malaga. Málaga, Spain
| | - Arturo Corbatón Anchuelo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos
| | - Dulcenombre Gómez-Garre
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos
- Laboratorio de Riesgo Cardiovascular y Microbiota, Hospital Clínico San Carlos; Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Martínez Larrad
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)
| | - Emilio Franco-Macías
- Dementia Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pablo Mir
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Medina
- CIEN Foundation/Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Sánchez-Valle
- Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders unit. Service of Neurology. Hospital Clínic of Barcelona. Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Dols-Icardo
- Department of Neurology, Sant Pau Memory Unit, Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ángel Carracedo
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Centro Nacional de Genotipado (CEGEN-PRB3-ISCIII). Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica - CIBERER-IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lluís Tárraga
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montse Alegret
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergi Valero
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Marquié
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercè Boada
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pascual Sánchez Juan
- Neurology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital (University of Cantabria and IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Enrique Cavazos
- South Texas Medical Science Training Program, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
| | - Alfredo Cabrera
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Amanda Cano
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Hok-A-Hin YS, Vermunt L, Peeters CFW, van der Ende EL, de Boer SCM, Meeter LH, van Swieten JC, Hu WT, Lleó A, Alcolea D, Engelborghs S, Sieben A, Chen-Plotkin A, Irwin DJ, van der Flier WM, Pijnenburg YAL, Teunissen CE, Del Campo M. Large-scale CSF proteome profiling identifies biomarkers for accurate diagnosis of Frontotemporal Dementia. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.08.19.24312100. [PMID: 39228745 PMCID: PMC11370532 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.19.24312100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Diagnosis of Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and the specific underlying neuropathologies (frontotemporal lobar degeneration; FTLD- Tau and FTLD-TDP) is challenging, and thus fluid biomarkers are needed to improve diagnostic accuracy. We used proximity extension assays to analyze 665 proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from a multicenter cohort including patients with FTD (n = 189), Alzheimer's Disease dementia (AD; n = 232), and cognitively unimpaired individuals (n = 196). In a subset, FTLD neuropathology was determined based on phenotype or genotype (FTLD-Tau = 87 and FTLD-TDP = 68). Forty three proteins were differentially regulated in FTD compared to controls and AD, reflecting axon development, regulation of synapse assembly, and cell-cell adhesion mediator activity pathways. Classification analysis identified a 14- and 13-CSF protein panel that discriminated FTD from controls (AUC: 0.96) or AD (AUC: 0.91). Custom multiplex panels confirmed the highly accurate discrimination between FTD and controls (AUCs > 0.96) or AD (AUCs > 0.88) in three validation cohorts, including one with autopsy confirmation (AUCs > 0.90). Six proteins were differentially regulated between FTLD-TDP and FTLD-Tau, but no reproducible classification model could be generated (AUC: 0.80). Overall, this study introduces novel FTD-specific biomarker panels with potential use in diagnostic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanaika S Hok-A-Hin
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Vermunt
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands
| | - Carel F W Peeters
- Mathematical & Statistical Methods group - Biometris, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Emma L van der Ende
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sterre C M de Boer
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands
- School of Psychology and Brain & Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lieke H Meeter
- Alzheimer center and department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John C van Swieten
- Alzheimer center and department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - William T Hu
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU) - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU) - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Neuroprotection and Neuromodulation Research Group (NEUR), Brussels, Belgium
- Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Department of Neurology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Sieben
- Lab of neuropathology, Neurobiobank, Institute Born-Bunge, Antwerp University, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Alice Chen-Plotkin
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David J Irwin
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands
| | - Yolande A L Pijnenburg
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Del Campo
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands
- Barcelonaßeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San PabloCEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
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4
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Longobardi A, Bellini S, Nicsanu R, Pilotto A, Geviti A, Facconi A, Tolassi C, Libri I, Saraceno C, Fostinelli S, Borroni B, Padovani A, Binetti G, Ghidoni R. Unveiling New Genetic Variants Associated with Age at Onset in Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Due to C9orf72 Repeat Expansions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7457. [PMID: 39000564 PMCID: PMC11242823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) represent the most common forms of neurodegenerative dementias with a highly phenotypic variability. Herein, we investigated the role of genetic variants related to the immune system and inflammation as genetic modulators in AD and related dementias. In patients with sporadic AD/FTLD (n = 300) and GRN/C9orf72 mutation carriers (n = 80), we performed a targeted sequencing of 50 genes belonging to the immune system and inflammation, selected based on their high expression in brain regions and low tolerance to genetic variation. The linear regression analyses revealed two genetic variants: (i) the rs1049296 in the transferrin (TF) gene, shown to be significantly associated with age at onset in the sporadic AD group, anticipating the disease onset of 4 years for each SNP allele with respect to the wild-type allele, and (ii) the rs7550295 in the calsyntenin-1 (CLSTN1) gene, which was significantly associated with age at onset in the C9orf72 group, delaying the disease onset of 17 years in patients carrying the SNP allele. In conclusion, our data support the role of genetic variants in iron metabolism (TF) and in the modulation of the calcium signalling/axonal anterograde transport of vesicles (CLSTN1) as genetic modulators in AD and FTLD due to C9orf72 expansions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Longobardi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (S.B.); (R.N.); (C.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Sonia Bellini
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (S.B.); (R.N.); (C.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Roland Nicsanu
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (S.B.); (R.N.); (C.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Andrea Pilotto
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (A.P.); (C.T.); (I.L.); (B.B.); (A.P.)
- Neurology Unit, Department of Continuity of Care and Frailty, ASST Spedali Civili Hospital, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Neurobiorepository and Laboratory of Advanced Biological Markers, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili Hospital, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Geviti
- Service of Statistics, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (A.G.); (A.F.)
| | - Alessandro Facconi
- Service of Statistics, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (A.G.); (A.F.)
| | - Chiara Tolassi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (A.P.); (C.T.); (I.L.); (B.B.); (A.P.)
- Neurology Unit, Department of Continuity of Care and Frailty, ASST Spedali Civili Hospital, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Neurobiorepository and Laboratory of Advanced Biological Markers, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili Hospital, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Ilenia Libri
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (A.P.); (C.T.); (I.L.); (B.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Claudia Saraceno
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (S.B.); (R.N.); (C.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Silvia Fostinelli
- MAC-Memory Clinic and Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (A.P.); (C.T.); (I.L.); (B.B.); (A.P.)
- Cognitive and Behavioural Neurology, ASST Spedali Civili Hospital, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (A.P.); (C.T.); (I.L.); (B.B.); (A.P.)
- Neurology Unit, Department of Continuity of Care and Frailty, ASST Spedali Civili Hospital, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Neurobiorepository and Laboratory of Advanced Biological Markers, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili Hospital, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Brain Health Center, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuliano Binetti
- MAC-Memory Clinic and Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (S.B.); (R.N.); (C.S.); (R.G.)
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Morderer D, Wren MC, Liu F, Kouri N, Maistrenko A, Khalil B, Pobitzer N, Salemi M, Phinney BS, Dickson DW, Murray ME, Rossoll W. Probe-dependent Proximity Profiling (ProPPr) Uncovers Similarities and Differences in Phospho-Tau-Associated Proteomes Between Tauopathies. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.25.585597. [PMID: 38585836 PMCID: PMC10996607 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.25.585597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Tauopathies represent a diverse group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the abnormal aggregation of the microtubule-associated protein tau. Despite extensive research, the precise mechanisms underlying the complexity of different types of tau pathology remain incompletely understood. Here we describe an approach for proteomic profiling of aggregate-associated proteomes on slides with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue that utilizes proximity labelling upon high preservation of aggregate morphology, which permits the profiling of pathological aggregates regardless of their size. To comprehensively investigate the common and unique protein interactors associated with the variety of tau lesions present across different human tauopathies, Alzheimer's disease (AD), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), Pick's disease (PiD), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), were selected to represent the major tauopathy diseases. Implementation of our widely applicable Probe-dependent Proximity Profiling (ProPPr) strategy, using the AT8 antibody, permitted identification and quantification of proteins associated with phospho-tau lesions in well-characterized human post-mortem tissue. The analysis revealed both common and disease-specific proteins associated with phospho-tau aggregates, highlighting potential targets for therapeutic intervention and biomarker development. Candidate validation through high-resolution co-immunofluorescence of distinct aggregates across disease and control cases, confirmed the association of retromer complex protein VPS35 with phospho-tau lesions across the studied tauopathies. Furthermore, we discovered disease-specific associations of proteins including ferritin light chain (FTL) and the neuropeptide precursor VGF within distinct pathological lesions. Notably, examination of FTL-positive microglia in CBD astrocytic plaques indicate a potential role for microglial involvement in the pathogenesis of these tau lesions. Our findings provide valuable insights into the proteomic landscape of tauopathies, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms underlying tau pathology. This first comprehensive characterization of tau-associated proteomes across different tauopathies enhances our understanding of disease heterogeneity and provides a resource for future functional investigation, as well as development of targeted therapies and diagnostic biomarkers.
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Hsiao-Nakamoto J, Chiu CL, VandeVrede L, Ravi R, Vandenberg B, De Groot J, Tsogtbaatar B, Fang M, Auger P, Gould NS, Marchioni F, Powers CA, Davis SS, Suh JH, Alkabsh J, Heuer HW, Lago AL, Scearce-Levie K, Seeley WW, Boeve BF, Rosen HJ, Berger A, Tsai R, Di Paolo G, Boxer AL, Bhalla A, Huang F. Alterations in Lysosomal, Glial and Neurodegenerative Biomarkers in Patients with Sporadic and Genetic Forms of Frontotemporal Dementia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.09.579529. [PMID: 38405775 PMCID: PMC10888909 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.09.579529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Background Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the most common cause of early-onset dementia with 10-20% of cases caused by mutations in one of three genes: GRN, C9orf72, or MAPT. To effectively develop therapeutics for FTD, the identification and characterization of biomarkers to understand disease pathogenesis and evaluate the impact of specific therapeutic strategies on the target biology as well as the underlying disease pathology are essential. Moreover, tracking the longitudinal changes of these biomarkers throughout disease progression is crucial to discern their correlation with clinical manifestations for potential prognostic usage. Methods We conducted a comprehensive investigation of biomarkers indicative of lysosomal biology, glial cell activation, synaptic and neuronal health in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma from non-carrier controls, sporadic FTD (symptomatic non-carriers) and symptomatic carriers of mutations in GRN, C9orf72, or MAPT, as well as asymptomatic GRN mutation carriers. We also assessed the longitudinal changes of biomarkers in GRN mutation carriers. Furthermore, we examined biomarker levels in disease impacted brain regions including middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and disease-unaffected inferior occipital gyrus (IOG) from sporadic FTD and symptomatic GRN carriers. Results We confirmed glucosylsphingosine (GlcSph), a lysosomal biomarker regulated by progranulin, was elevated in the plasma from GRN mutation carriers, both symptomatic and asymptomatic. GlcSph and other lysosomal biomarkers such as ganglioside GM2 and globoside GB3 were increased in the disease affected SFG and MTG regions from sporadic FTD and symptomatic GRN mutation carriers, but not in the IOG, compared to the same brain regions from controls. The glial biomarkers GFAP in plasma and YKL40 in CSF were elevated in asymptomatic GRN carriers, and all symptomatic groups, except the symptomatic C9orf72 mutation group. YKL40 was also increased in SFG and MTG regions from sporadic FTD and symptomatic GRN mutation carriers. Neuronal injury and degeneration biomarkers NfL in CSF and plasma, and UCHL1 in CSF were elevated in patients with all forms of FTD. Synaptic biomarkers NPTXR, NPTX1/2, and VGF were reduced in CSF from patients with all forms of FTD, with the most pronounced reductions observed in symptomatic MAPT mutation carriers. Furthermore, we demonstrated plasma NfL was significantly positively correlated with disease severity as measured by CDR+NACC FTLD SB in genetic forms of FTD and CSF NPTXR was significantly negatively correlated with CDR+NACC FTLD SB in symptomatic GRN and MAPT mutation carriers. Conclusions In conclusion, our comprehensive investigation replicated alterations in biofluid biomarkers indicative of lysosomal function, glial activation, synaptic and neuronal health across sporadic and genetic forms of FTD and unveiled novel insights into the dysregulation of these biomarkers within brain tissues from patients with GRN mutations. The observed correlations between biomarkers and disease severity open promising avenues for prognostic applications and for indicators of drug efficacy in clinical trials. Our data also implicated a complicated relationship between biofluid and tissue biomarker changes and future investigations should delve into the mechanistic underpinnings of these biomarkers, which will serve as a foundation for the development of targeted therapeutics for FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hsiao-Nakamoto
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Chi-Lu Chiu
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Lawren VandeVrede
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Ritesh Ravi
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Brittany Vandenberg
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
- Present address: Brittany Vandenberg, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Jack De Groot
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
- Present address: Jack DeGroot: Prime Medicine Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Meng Fang
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Paul Auger
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
- Present address: Paul Auger: Nurix Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Neal S Gould
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Filippo Marchioni
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Casey A Powers
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
- Present address: Casey A. Powers: Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sonnet S Davis
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Jung H Suh
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Jamal Alkabsh
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Hilary W Heuer
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Argentina Lario Lago
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Kimberly Scearce-Levie
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
- Present address: Kimberly Scearce-Levie: Cajal Neuroscience, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Bradley F Boeve
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Howard J Rosen
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Amy Berger
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Richard Tsai
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Gilbert Di Paolo
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Adam L Boxer
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Akhil Bhalla
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Fen Huang
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
- These authors contributed equally
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7
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Ullgren A, Öijerstedt L, Olofsson J, Bergström S, Remnestål J, van Swieten JC, Jiskoot LC, Seelaar H, Borroni B, Sanchez-Valle R, Moreno F, Laforce R, Synofzik M, Galimberti D, Rowe JB, Masellis M, Tartaglia MC, Finger E, Vandenberghe R, de Mendonça A, Tirabosch P, Santana I, Ducharme S, Butler CR, Gerhard A, Otto M, Bouzigues A, Russell L, Swift IJ, Sogorb-Esteve A, Heller C, Rohrer JD, Månberg A, Nilsson P, Graff C. Altered plasma protein profiles in genetic FTD - a GENFI study. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:85. [PMID: 37968725 PMCID: PMC10648335 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00677-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma biomarkers reflecting the pathology of frontotemporal dementia would add significant value to clinical practice, to the design and implementation of treatment trials as well as our understanding of disease mechanisms. The aim of this study was to explore the levels of multiple plasma proteins in individuals from families with genetic frontotemporal dementia. METHODS Blood samples from 693 participants in the GENetic Frontotemporal Dementia Initiative study were analysed using a multiplexed antibody array targeting 158 proteins. RESULTS We found 13 elevated proteins in symptomatic mutation carriers, when comparing plasma levels from people diagnosed with genetic FTD to healthy non-mutation controls and 10 proteins that were elevated compared to presymptomatic mutation carriers. CONCLUSION We identified plasma proteins with altered levels in symptomatic mutation carriers compared to non-carrier controls as well as to presymptomatic mutation carriers. Further investigations are needed to elucidate their potential as fluid biomarkers of the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbe Ullgren
- Swedish FTD Initiative, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Linn Öijerstedt
- Swedish FTD Initiative, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jennie Olofsson
- Swedish FTD Initiative, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Protein Science, Division of Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sofia Bergström
- Swedish FTD Initiative, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Protein Science, Division of Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julia Remnestål
- Swedish FTD Initiative, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Protein Science, Division of Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Lize C Jiskoot
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Harro Seelaar
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Valle
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fermin Moreno
- Department of Neurology, Cognitive Disorders Unit, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain
- Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Robert Laforce
- Département Des Sciences Neurologiques, Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire, CHU de Québec, and Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
| | - James B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mario Masellis
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Maria Carmela Tartaglia
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Finger
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Neurology Service, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Pietro Tirabosch
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Isabel Santana
- Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Coimbra (HUC), Neurology Service, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Simon Ducharme
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Chris R Butler
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander Gerhard
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Medicine Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Arabella Bouzigues
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- Dementia Research Institute at UCL, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Lucy Russell
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- Dementia Research Institute at UCL, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Imogen J Swift
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- Dementia Research Institute at UCL, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Aitana Sogorb-Esteve
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- Dementia Research Institute at UCL, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Carolin Heller
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- Dementia Research Institute at UCL, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Jonathan D Rohrer
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- Dementia Research Institute at UCL, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Anna Månberg
- Swedish FTD Initiative, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Protein Science, Division of Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Swedish FTD Initiative, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Protein Science, Division of Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Graff
- Swedish FTD Initiative, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
- Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden.
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8
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Teunissen CE, Kimble L, Bayoumy S, Bolsewig K, Burtscher F, Coppens S, Das S, Gogishvili D, Fernandes Gomes B, Gómez de San José N, Mavrina E, Meda FJ, Mohaupt P, Mravinacová S, Waury K, Wojdała AL, Abeln S, Chiasserini D, Hirtz C, Gaetani L, Vermunt L, Bellomo G, Halbgebauer S, Lehmann S, Månberg A, Nilsson P, Otto M, Vanmechelen E, Verberk IMW, Willemse E, Zetterberg H. Methods to Discover and Validate Biofluid-Based Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Dementias. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100629. [PMID: 37557955 PMCID: PMC10594029 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative dementias are progressive diseases that cause neuronal network breakdown in different brain regions often because of accumulation of misfolded proteins in the brain extracellular matrix, such as amyloids or inside neurons or other cell types of the brain. Several diagnostic protein biomarkers in body fluids are being used and implemented, such as for Alzheimer's disease. However, there is still a lack of biomarkers for co-pathologies and other causes of dementia. Such biofluid-based biomarkers enable precision medicine approaches for diagnosis and treatment, allow to learn more about underlying disease processes, and facilitate the development of patient inclusion and evaluation tools in clinical trials. When designing studies to discover novel biofluid-based biomarkers, choice of technology is an important starting point. But there are so many technologies to choose among. To address this, we here review the technologies that are currently available in research settings and, in some cases, in clinical laboratory practice. This presents a form of lexicon on each technology addressing its use in research and clinics, its strengths and limitations, and a future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E Teunissen
- MIRIADE Consortium, Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia diagnosis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Neurochemistry Lab, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Leighann Kimble
- MIRIADE Consortium, Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia diagnosis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; KIN Center for Digital Innovation, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sherif Bayoumy
- MIRIADE Consortium, Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia diagnosis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Neurochemistry Lab, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Katharina Bolsewig
- MIRIADE Consortium, Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia diagnosis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Neurochemistry Lab, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Felicia Burtscher
- MIRIADE Consortium, Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia diagnosis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Salomé Coppens
- MIRIADE Consortium, Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia diagnosis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; National Measurement Laboratory at LGC, Teddington, United Kingdom
| | - Shreyasee Das
- MIRIADE Consortium, Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia diagnosis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; ADx NeuroSciences, Gent, Belgium
| | - Dea Gogishvili
- MIRIADE Consortium, Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia diagnosis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Computer Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bárbara Fernandes Gomes
- MIRIADE Consortium, Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia diagnosis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Nerea Gómez de San José
- MIRIADE Consortium, Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia diagnosis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Mavrina
- MIRIADE Consortium, Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia diagnosis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; KIN Center for Digital Innovation, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Francisco J Meda
- MIRIADE Consortium, Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia diagnosis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Pablo Mohaupt
- MIRIADE Consortium, Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia diagnosis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; LBPC-PPC, IRMB CHU Montpellier, INM INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sára Mravinacová
- MIRIADE Consortium, Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia diagnosis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katharina Waury
- MIRIADE Consortium, Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia diagnosis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Computer Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anna Lidia Wojdała
- MIRIADE Consortium, Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia diagnosis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sanne Abeln
- MIRIADE Consortium, Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia diagnosis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Computer Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Davide Chiasserini
- MIRIADE Consortium, Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia diagnosis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Christophe Hirtz
- MIRIADE Consortium, Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia diagnosis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; LBPC-PPC, IRMB CHU Montpellier, INM INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Lorenzo Gaetani
- MIRIADE Consortium, Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia diagnosis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lisa Vermunt
- Neurochemistry Lab, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Bellomo
- MIRIADE Consortium, Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia diagnosis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Steffen Halbgebauer
- MIRIADE Consortium, Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia diagnosis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE e.V.), Ulm, Germany
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- MIRIADE Consortium, Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia diagnosis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; LBPC-PPC, IRMB CHU Montpellier, INM INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anna Månberg
- MIRIADE Consortium, Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia diagnosis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Nilsson
- MIRIADE Consortium, Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia diagnosis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Otto
- MIRIADE Consortium, Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia diagnosis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Eugeen Vanmechelen
- MIRIADE Consortium, Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia diagnosis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; ADx NeuroSciences, Gent, Belgium
| | - Inge M W Verberk
- MIRIADE Consortium, Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia diagnosis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Neurochemistry Lab, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eline Willemse
- MIRIADE Consortium, Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia diagnosis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Neurochemistry Lab, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- MIRIADE Consortium, Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia diagnosis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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9
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Chuang HK, Hsieh AR, Ang TY, Chen SW, Yang YP, Huang HJ, Chiou SH, Lin TC, Chen SJ, Hsu CC, Hwang DK. TMEM132D and VIPR2 Polymorphisms as Genetic Risk Loci for Retinal Detachment: A Genome-Wide Association Study and Polygenic Risk Score Analysis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:17. [PMID: 37695605 PMCID: PMC10501492 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.12.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Retinal detachment (RD) is a sight-threatening ocular disease caused by separation of the neurosensory retina from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium layer. Its genetic basis is unclear because of a limited amount of data. In this study, we aimed to identify genetic risk loci associated with RD in participants without diabetes mellitus and to construct a polygenic risk score (PRS) to predict the risk of RD. Methods A genome-wide association study was conducted using data from the Taiwan Biobank to identify RD risk loci. A total of 1533 RD cases and 106,270 controls were recruited, all of whom were Han Chinese. Replication studies were performed using data from the UK Biobank and Biobank Japan. To construct the PRS, a traditional clumping and thresholding method was performed and validated by fivefold cross-validation. Results Two novel loci with significant associations were identified. These two genes were TMEM132D (lead single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP]: rs264498, adjusted-P = 7.18 × 10-9) and VIPR2 (lead SNP: rs3812305, adjusted-P = 8.38 × 10-9). The developed PRS was effective in discriminating individuals at high risk of RD with a dose-response relationship. The quartile with the highest risk had an odds ratio of 1244.748 compared to the lowest risk group (95% confidence interval, 175.174-8844.892). Conclusions TMEM132D and VIPR2 polymorphisms are genetic candidates linked to RD in Han Chinese populations. Our proposed PRS was effective at discriminating high-risk from low-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Kai Chuang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Ru Hsieh
- Department of Statistics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Yap Ang
- Department of Statistics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Wen Chen
- Department of Statistics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Juei Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of General Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Chi Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - De-Kuang Hwang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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10
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Runge K, Balla A, Fiebich BL, Maier SJ, von Zedtwitz K, Nickel K, Dersch R, Domschke K, Tebartz van Elst L, Endres D. Neurodegeneration Markers in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of 100 Patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:464-473. [PMID: 36200879 PMCID: PMC10016411 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) can be associated with neurodegenerative processes causing disruption of neuronal, synaptic, or axonal integrity. Some previous studies have reported alterations of neurodegenerative markers (such as amyloid beta [Aβ], tau, or neurofilaments) in patients with SSD. However, the current state of research remains inconclusive. Therefore, the rationale of this study was to investigate established neurodegenerative markers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a large group of patients with SSD. STUDY DESIGN Measurements of Aβ1-40, Aß1-42, phospho- and total-tau in addition to neurofilament light (NFL), medium (NFM), and heavy (NFH) chains were performed in the CSF of 100 patients with SSD (60 F, 40 M; age 33.7 ± 12.0) and 39 controls with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (33 F, 6 M; age 34.6 ± 12.0) using enzyme-linked immunoassays. STUDY RESULTS The NFM levels were significantly increased in SSD patients (P = .009), whereas phospho-tau levels were lower in comparison to the control group (P = .018). No other significant differences in total-tau, beta-amyloid-quotient (Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40), NFL, and NFH were identified. CONCLUSIONS The findings argue against a general tauopathy or amyloid pathology in patients with SSD. However, high levels of NFM, which has been linked to regulatory functions in dopaminergic neurotransmission, were associated with SSD. Therefore, NFM could be a promising candidate for further research on SSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimon Runge
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Agnes Balla
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd L Fiebich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon J Maier
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina von Zedtwitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Nickel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rick Dersch
- Clinic of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in Neuromodulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ludger Tebartz van Elst
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominique Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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11
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del Campo M, Zetterberg H, Gandy S, Onyike CU, Oliveira F, Udeh‐Momoh C, Lleó A, Teunissen CE, Pijnenburg Y. New developments of biofluid-based biomarkers for routine diagnosis and disease trajectories in frontotemporal dementia. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:2292-2307. [PMID: 35235699 PMCID: PMC9790674 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) covers a spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders with different phenotypes, genetic backgrounds, and pathological states. Its clinicopathological diversity challenges the diagnostic process and the execution of clinical trials, calling for specific diagnostic biomarkers of pathologic FTD types. There is also a need for biomarkers that facilitate disease staging, quantification of severity, monitoring in clinics and observational studies, and for evaluation of target engagement and treatment response in clinical trials. This review discusses current FTD biofluid-based biomarker knowledge taking into account the differing applications. The limitations, knowledge gaps, and challenges for the development and implementation of such markers are also examined. Strategies to overcome these hurdles are proposed, including the technologies available, patient cohorts, and collaborative research initiatives. Access to robust and reliable biomarkers that define the exact underlying pathophysiological FTD process will meet the needs for specific diagnosis, disease quantitation, clinical monitoring, and treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta del Campo
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la SaludFacultad de FarmaciaUniversidad San Pablo‐CEUCEU UniversitiesMadridSpain
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden,Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCLLondonUK,Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Institute of NeurologyLondonUK,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesHong KongChina
| | - Sam Gandy
- Department of NeurologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Chiadi U Onyike
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry and NeuropsychiatryThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Fabricio Oliveira
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryEscola Paulista de MedicinaFederal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP)São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Chi Udeh‐Momoh
- Ageing Epidemiology Research UnitSchool of Public HealthFaculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK,Translational Health SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Neurology DepartmentHospital de la Santa Creu I Sant PauBarcelonaSpain
| | - Charlotte E. Teunissen
- Neurochemistry LaboratoryDepartment of Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam University Medical CentersVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Yolande Pijnenburg
- Alzheimer Center AmsterdamDepartment of NeurologyAmsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
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12
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A set of common buccal CpGs that predict epigenetic age and associate with lifespan-regulating genes. iScience 2022; 25:105304. [PMID: 36304118 PMCID: PMC9593711 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic aging clocks are computational models that use DNA methylation sites to predict age. Since cheek swabs are non-invasive and painless, collecting DNA from buccal tissue is highly desirable. Here, we review 11 existing clocks that have been applied to buccal tissue. Two of these were exclusively trained on adults and, while moderately accurate, have not been used to capture health-relevant differences in epigenetic age. Using 130 common CpGs utilized by two or more existing buccal clocks, we generate a proof-of-concept predictor in an adult methylomic dataset. In addition to accurately estimating age (r = 0.95 and mean absolute error = 3.88 years), this clock predicted that Down syndrome subjects were significantly older relative to controls. A literature and database review of CpG-associated genes identified numerous genes (e.g., CLOCK, ELOVL2, and VGF) and molecules (e.g., alpha-linolenic acid, glycine, and spermidine) reported to influence lifespan and/or age-related disease in model organisms. 130 CpGs have been used by two or more aging clocks applied to human buccal tissue Common CpG genes are linked to the adaptive immune system and telomere maintenance Common CpGs can be used to build a novel, proof-of-concept epigenetic aging clock Several compounds associated with common CpG genes regulate lifespan in animals
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13
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Sogorb-Esteve A, Nilsson J, Swift IJ, Heller C, Bocchetta M, Russell LL, Peakman G, Convery RS, van Swieten JC, Seelaar H, Borroni B, Galimberti D, Sanchez-Valle R, Laforce R, Moreno F, Synofzik M, Graff C, Masellis M, Tartaglia MC, Rowe JB, Vandenberghe R, Finger E, Tagliavini F, Santana I, Butler CR, Ducharme S, Gerhard A, Danek A, Levin J, Otto M, Sorbi S, Le Ber I, Pasquier F, Gobom J, Brinkmalm A, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Rohrer JD. Differential impairment of cerebrospinal fluid synaptic biomarkers in the genetic forms of frontotemporal dementia. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:118. [PMID: 36045450 PMCID: PMC9429339 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately a third of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is genetic with mutations in three genes accounting for most of the inheritance: C9orf72, GRN, and MAPT. Impaired synaptic health is a common mechanism in all three genetic variants, so developing fluid biomarkers of this process could be useful as a readout of cellular dysfunction within therapeutic trials. METHODS A total of 193 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from the GENetic FTD Initiative including 77 presymptomatic (31 C9orf72, 23 GRN, 23 MAPT) and 55 symptomatic (26 C9orf72, 17 GRN, 12 MAPT) mutation carriers as well as 61 mutation-negative controls were measured using a microflow LC PRM-MS set-up targeting 15 synaptic proteins: AP-2 complex subunit beta, complexin-2, beta-synuclein, gamma-synuclein, 14-3-3 proteins (eta, epsilon, zeta/delta), neurogranin, Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor alpha (Rab GDI alpha), syntaxin-1B, syntaxin-7, phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1 (PEBP-1), neuronal pentraxin receptor (NPTXR), neuronal pentraxin 1 (NPTX1), and neuronal pentraxin 2 (NPTX2). Mutation carrier groups were compared to each other and to controls using a bootstrapped linear regression model, adjusting for age and sex. RESULTS CSF levels of eight proteins were increased only in symptomatic MAPT mutation carriers (compared with controls) and not in symptomatic C9orf72 or GRN mutation carriers: beta-synuclein, gamma-synuclein, 14-3-3-eta, neurogranin, Rab GDI alpha, syntaxin-1B, syntaxin-7, and PEBP-1, with three other proteins increased in MAPT mutation carriers compared with the other genetic groups (AP-2 complex subunit beta, complexin-2, and 14-3-3 zeta/delta). In contrast, CSF NPTX1 and NPTX2 levels were affected in all three genetic groups (decreased compared with controls), with NPTXR concentrations being affected in C9orf72 and GRN mutation carriers only (decreased compared with controls). No changes were seen in the CSF levels of these proteins in presymptomatic mutation carriers. Concentrations of the neuronal pentraxins were correlated with brain volumes in the presymptomatic period for the C9orf72 and GRN groups, suggesting that they become abnormal in proximity to symptom onset. CONCLUSIONS Differential synaptic impairment is seen in the genetic forms of FTD, with abnormalities in multiple measures in those with MAPT mutations, but only changes in neuronal pentraxins within the GRN and C9orf72 mutation groups. Such markers may be useful in future trials as measures of synaptic dysfunction, but further work is needed to understand how these markers change throughout the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitana Sogorb-Esteve
- grid.511435.7UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Johanna Nilsson
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Imogen J. Swift
- grid.511435.7UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Carolin Heller
- grid.511435.7UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Martina Bocchetta
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Lucy L. Russell
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Georgia Peakman
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Rhian S. Convery
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - John C. van Swieten
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harro Seelaar
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Borroni
- grid.7637.50000000417571846Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- grid.414818.00000 0004 1757 8749Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Valle
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital ClínicInstitut d’Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert Laforce
- grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Clinique Interdisciplinaire de MémoireDépartement Des Sciences Neurologiques, CHU de Québec, and Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC Canada
| | - Fermin Moreno
- grid.414651.30000 0000 9920 5292Cognitive Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain
- grid.432380.eNeuroscience Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Caroline Graff
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, BioclinicumKarolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Mario Masellis
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Maria Carmela Tartaglia
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - James B. Rowe
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
- grid.410569.f0000 0004 0626 3338Neurology Service, University Hospitals Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Elizabeth Finger
- grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada
| | - Fabrizio Tagliavini
- grid.417894.70000 0001 0707 5492Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabel Santana
- grid.28911.330000000106861985Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Coimbra (HUC), Neurology Service, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Chris R. Butler
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Simon Ducharme
- grid.412078.80000 0001 2353 5268Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alexander Gerhard
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- grid.5718.b0000 0001 2187 5445Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Adrian Danek
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XNeurologische Klinik Und Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Levin
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XNeurologische Klinik Und Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- grid.452617.3Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Otto
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Neurofarba, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- grid.418563.d0000 0001 1090 9021IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - Isabelle Le Ber
- grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute – Institut du Cerveau – ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, AP-HP - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058Centre de Référence Des Démences Rares Ou Précoces, IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058Département de Neurologie, AP-HP - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Reference Network for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florence Pasquier
- grid.503422.20000 0001 2242 6780University of Lille, Lille, France
- grid.457380.d0000 0004 0638 5749Inserm, 1172, Lille, France
- grid.410463.40000 0004 0471 8845CHU, CNR-MAJ, Labex Distalz, LiCEND, Lille, France
| | - Johan Gobom
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Ann Brinkmalm
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- grid.511435.7UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- grid.1649.a000000009445082XClinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- grid.24515.370000 0004 1937 1450Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jonathan D. Rohrer
- grid.511435.7UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG UK
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14
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Mavrina E, Kimble L, Waury K, Gogishvili D, Gómez de San José N, Das S, Coppens S, Fernandes Gomes B, Mravinacová S, Wojdała AL, Bolsewig K, Bayoumy S, Burtscher F, Mohaupt P, Willemse E, Teunissen C. Multi-Omics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Accelerate Dementia Biomarker Development (MIRIADE). Front Neurol 2022; 13:890638. [PMID: 35903119 PMCID: PMC9315267 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.890638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteomics studies have shown differential expression of numerous proteins in dementias but have rarely led to novel biomarker tests for clinical use. The Marie Curie MIRIADE project is designed to experimentally evaluate development strategies to accelerate the validation and ultimate implementation of novel biomarkers in clinical practice, using proteomics-based biomarker development for main dementias as experimental case studies. We address several knowledge gaps that have been identified in the field. First, there is the technology-translation gap of different technologies for the discovery (e.g., mass spectrometry) and the large-scale validation (e.g., immunoassays) of biomarkers. In addition, there is a limited understanding of conformational states of biomarker proteins in different matrices, which affect the selection of reagents for assay development. In this review, we aim to understand the decisions taken in the initial steps of biomarker development, which is done via an interim narrative update of the work of each ESR subproject. The results describe the decision process to shortlist biomarkers from a proteomics to develop immunoassays or mass spectrometry assays for Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. In addition, we explain the approach to prepare the market implementation of novel biomarkers and assays. Moreover, we describe the development of computational protein state and interaction prediction models to support biomarker development, such as the prediction of epitopes. Lastly, we reflect upon activities involved in the biomarker development process to deduce a best-practice roadmap for biomarker development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Mavrina
- MIRIADE Consortium: Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia Diagnosis,KIN Center for Digital Innovation, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Leighann Kimble
- MIRIADE Consortium: Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia Diagnosis,KIN Center for Digital Innovation, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Katharina Waury
- MIRIADE Consortium: Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia Diagnosis,Centre for Integrative Bioinformatics VU (IBIVU) – Center for Integrative Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dea Gogishvili
- MIRIADE Consortium: Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia Diagnosis,Centre for Integrative Bioinformatics VU (IBIVU) – Center for Integrative Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nerea Gómez de San José
- MIRIADE Consortium: Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia Diagnosis,Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Shreyasee Das
- MIRIADE Consortium: Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia Diagnosis,ADx NeuroSciences, Gent, Belgium
| | - Salomé Coppens
- MIRIADE Consortium: Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia Diagnosis,National Measurement Laboratory at Laboratory of the Government Chemist (LGC), Teddington, United Kingdom
| | - Bárbara Fernandes Gomes
- MIRIADE Consortium: Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia Diagnosis,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Sára Mravinacová
- MIRIADE Consortium: Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia Diagnosis,Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH) Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Lidia Wojdała
- MIRIADE Consortium: Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia Diagnosis,Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Katharina Bolsewig
- MIRIADE Consortium: Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia Diagnosis,Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sherif Bayoumy
- MIRIADE Consortium: Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia Diagnosis,Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Felicia Burtscher
- MIRIADE Consortium: Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia Diagnosis,Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Pablo Mohaupt
- MIRIADE Consortium: Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia Diagnosis,Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy - Plateforme de Protéomique Clinique (IRMB-PPC), Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), Université de Montpellier, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | - Eline Willemse
- MIRIADE Consortium: Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia Diagnosis,Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Teunissen
- MIRIADE Consortium: Multiomics Interdisciplinary Research Integration to Address DEmentia Diagnosis,Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Charlotte Teunissen
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15
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Wang Y, Qin X, Han Y, Li B. VGF: A prospective biomarker and therapeutic target for neuroendocrine and nervous system disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113099. [PMID: 35594706 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine regulatory polypeptide VGF (nerve growth factor inducible) was firstly found in the rapid induction of nerve growth factor on PC12 cells. It was selectively distributed in neurons and many neuroendocrine tissues. This paper reviewed the latest literatures on the gene structure, transcriptional regulation, protein processing, distribution and potential receptors of VGF. The neuroendocrine roles of VGF and its derived polypeptides in regulating energy, water electrolyte balance, circadian rhythm and reproductive activities were also summarized. Furthermore, based on the experimental evidence in vivo and in vitro, dysregulation of VGF in different neuroendocrine diseases and the possible mechanism mediated by VGF polypeptides were discussed. We next discussed the potential as the clinical diagnosis and therapy for VGF related diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Xiaoxue Qin
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Yun Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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16
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Cervantes González A, Irwin DJ, Alcolea D, McMillan CT, Chen-Plotkin A, Wolk D, Sirisi S, Dols-Icardo O, Querol-Vilaseca M, Illán-Gala I, Santos-Santos MA, Fortea J, Lee EB, Trojanowski JQ, Grossman M, Lleó A, Belbin O. Multimarker synaptic protein cerebrospinal fluid panels reflect TDP-43 pathology and cognitive performance in a pathological cohort of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:29. [PMID: 35395770 PMCID: PMC8991834 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00534-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Synapse degeneration is an early event in pathological frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Consequently, a surrogate marker of synapse loss could be used to monitor early pathologic changes in patients with underlying FTLD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of antemortem cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of 8 synaptic proteins with postmortem global tau and TDP-43 burden and cognitive performance and to assess their diagnostic capacity in a neuropathological FTLD cohort. Methods We included patients with a neuropathological confirmation of FTLD-Tau (n = 24, mean age-at-CSF 67 years ± 11), FTLD-TDP (n = 25, 66 years ± 9) or AD (n = 25, 73 years ± 6) as well as cognitively normal controls (n = 35, 69 years ± 7) from the Penn FTD Center and ADRC. We used a semi-quantitative measure of tau and TDP-43 inclusions to quantify pathological burden across 16 brain regions. Statistical methods included Spearman rank correlations, one-way analysis of covariance, ordinal regression, step-wise multiple linear regression and receiver-operating characteristic curves. Result CSF calsyntenin-1 and neurexin-2a were correlated in all patient groups (rs = .55 to .88). In FTLD-TDP, we observed low antemortem CSF levels of calsyntenin-1 and neurexin-2a compared to AD (.72-fold, p = .001, .77-fold, p = .04, respectively) and controls (.80-fold, p = .02, .78-fold, p = .02, respectively), which were inversely associated with post-mortem global TDP-43 burden (regression r2 = .56, p = .007 and r2 = .57, p = .006, respectively). A multimarker panel including calsyntenin-1 was associated with TDP-43 burden (r2 = .69, p = .003) and MMSE score (r2 = .19, p = .03) in FTLD. A second multimarker synaptic panel, also including calsyntenin-1, was associated with MMSE score in FTLD-tau (r2 = .49, p = .04) and improved diagnostic performance to discriminate FTLD-Tau and FTLD-TDP neuropathologic subtypes (AUC = .83). Conclusion These synaptic panels have potential in the differential diagnosis of FTLD neuropathologic subtypes and as surrogate markers of cognitive performance in future clinical trials targeting TDP-43 or tau. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13024-022-00534-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Cervantes González
- Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Memory Unit and Biomedical Research Institute, IIB Sant Pau, c/Sant Quintí 77, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David J Irwin
- Penn FTD Center, Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Memory Unit and Biomedical Research Institute, IIB Sant Pau, c/Sant Quintí 77, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Corey T McMillan
- Penn FTD Center, Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alice Chen-Plotkin
- Penn Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Wolk
- Penn Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sònia Sirisi
- Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Memory Unit and Biomedical Research Institute, IIB Sant Pau, c/Sant Quintí 77, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Dols-Icardo
- Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Memory Unit and Biomedical Research Institute, IIB Sant Pau, c/Sant Quintí 77, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Querol-Vilaseca
- Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Memory Unit and Biomedical Research Institute, IIB Sant Pau, c/Sant Quintí 77, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Illán-Gala
- Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Memory Unit and Biomedical Research Institute, IIB Sant Pau, c/Sant Quintí 77, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Santos-Santos
- Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Memory Unit and Biomedical Research Institute, IIB Sant Pau, c/Sant Quintí 77, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Fortea
- Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Memory Unit and Biomedical Research Institute, IIB Sant Pau, c/Sant Quintí 77, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edward B Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Murray Grossman
- Penn FTD Center, Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Memory Unit and Biomedical Research Institute, IIB Sant Pau, c/Sant Quintí 77, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olivia Belbin
- Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centre of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain. .,Memory Unit and Biomedical Research Institute, IIB Sant Pau, c/Sant Quintí 77, 08041, Barcelona, Spain.
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17
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Katzeff JS, Bright F, Phan K, Kril JJ, Ittner LM, Kassiou M, Hodges JR, Piguet O, Kiernan MC, Halliday GM, Kim WS. Biomarker discovery and development for frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain 2022; 145:1598-1609. [PMID: 35202463 PMCID: PMC9166557 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia refers to a group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by behaviour and language alterations and focal brain atrophy. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a rapidly progressing neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of motor neurons resulting in muscle wasting and paralysis. Frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are considered to exist on a disease spectrum given substantial overlap of genetic and molecular signatures. The predominant genetic abnormality in both frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is an expanded hexanucleotide repeat sequence in the C9orf72 gene. In terms of brain pathology, abnormal aggregates of TAR-DNA-binding protein-43 are predominantly present in frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Currently, sensitive and specific diagnostic and disease surveillance biomarkers are lacking for both diseases. This has impeded the capacity to monitor disease progression during life and the development of targeted drug therapies for the two diseases. The purpose of this review is to examine the status of current biofluid biomarker discovery and development in frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The major pathogenic proteins implicated in different frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis molecular subtypes and proteins associated with neurodegeneration and the immune system will be discussed. Furthermore, the use of mass spectrometry-based proteomics as an emerging tool to identify new biomarkers in frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis will be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared S Katzeff
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fiona Bright
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katherine Phan
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jillian J Kril
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lars M Ittner
- Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Kassiou
- The University of Sydney, School of Chemistry, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John R Hodges
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Olivier Piguet
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, School of Psychology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew C Kiernan
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Woojin Scott Kim
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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18
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Prodynorphin and Proenkephalin in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042051. [PMID: 35216166 PMCID: PMC8877714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Proenkephalin (PENK) and prodynorphin (PDYN) are endogenous opioid peptides mainly produced in the striatum and, to a lesser extent, in the cerebral cortex. Dysregulated metabolism and altered cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of PENK and PDYN have been described in several neurodegenerative diseases. However, no study to date investigated these peptides in the CSF of sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (sCJD). Using liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry, we evaluated the CSF PDYN- and PENK-derived peptide levels in 25 controls and 63 patients with sCJD belonging to the most prevalent molecular subtypes (MM(V)1, VV2 and MV2K). One of the PENK-derived peptides was significantly decreased in each sCJD subtype compared to the controls without a difference among subtypes. Conversely, PDYN-derived peptides were selectively decreased in the CSF of sCJD MV2K, a subtype with a more widespread overall pathology compared to the sCJD MM(V)1 and the VV2 subtypes, which we confirmed by semiquantitative analysis of cortical and striatal neuronal loss and astrocytosis. In sCJD CSF PENK and PDYN were associated with CSF biomarkers of neurodegeneration but not with clinical variables and showed a poor diagnostic performance. CSF PDYN and PENK-derived peptides had no significant diagnostic and prognostic values in sCJD; however, the distinct marker levels between molecular subtypes might help to better understand the basis of phenotypic heterogeneity determined by divergent neuronal targeting.
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19
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Gómez de San José N, Massa F, Halbgebauer S, Oeckl P, Steinacker P, Otto M. Neuronal pentraxins as biomarkers of synaptic activity: from physiological functions to pathological changes in neurodegeneration. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:207-230. [PMID: 34460014 PMCID: PMC8866268 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02411-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders is often challenging due to the lack of diagnostic tools, comorbidities and shared pathological manifestations. Synaptic dysfunction is an early pathological event in many neurodegenerative disorders, but the underpinning mechanisms are still poorly characterised. Reliable quantification of synaptic damage is crucial to understand the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration, to track disease status and to obtain prognostic information. Neuronal pentraxins (NPTXs) are extracellular scaffolding proteins emerging as potential biomarkers of synaptic dysfunction in neurodegeneration. They are a family of proteins involved in homeostatic synaptic plasticity by recruiting post-synaptic receptors into synapses. Recent research investigates the dynamic changes of NPTXs in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as an expression of synaptic damage, possibly related to cognitive impairment. In this review, we summarise the available data on NPTXs structure and expression patterns as well as on their contribution in synaptic function and plasticity and other less well-characterised roles. Moreover, we propose a mechanism for their involvement in synaptic damage and neurodegeneration and assess their potential as CSF biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federico Massa
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Patrick Oeckl
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE E.V.), Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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20
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Chen Q, Fang J, Shen H, Chen L, Shi M, Huang X, Miao Z, Gong Y. Roles, molecular mechanisms, and signaling pathways of TMEMs in neurological diseases. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:13273-13297. [PMID: 35035675 PMCID: PMC8748174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane protein family members (TMEMs) span the entire lipid bilayer and act as channels that allow the transport of specific substances through biofilms. The functions of most TMEMs are unexplored. Numerous studies have shown that TMEMs are involved in the pathophysiological processes of various nervous system diseases, but the specific mechanisms of TMEMs in the pathogenesis of diseases remain unclear. In this review, we discuss the expression, physiological functions, and molecular mechanisms of TMEMs in brain tumors, psychiatric disorders, abnormal motor activity, cobblestone lissencephaly, neuropathic pain, traumatic brain injury, and other disorders of the nervous system. Additionally, we propose that TMEMs may be used as prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets in patients with various neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghong Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junlin Fang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Banan Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineChongqing 401320, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineSuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineSuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengying Shi
- Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineSuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianbao Huang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhiwei Miao
- Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineSuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yating Gong
- Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineSuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
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21
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Bergström S, Öijerstedt L, Remnestål J, Olofsson J, Ullgren A, Seelaar H, van Swieten JC, Synofzik M, Sanchez-Valle R, Moreno F, Finger E, Masellis M, Tartaglia C, Vandenberghe R, Laforce R, Galimberti D, Borroni B, Butler CR, Gerhard A, Ducharme S, Rohrer JD, Månberg A, Graff C, Nilsson P. A panel of CSF proteins separates genetic frontotemporal dementia from presymptomatic mutation carriers: a GENFI study. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:79. [PMID: 34838088 PMCID: PMC8626910 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00499-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A detailed understanding of the pathological processes involved in genetic frontotemporal dementia is critical in order to provide the patients with an optimal future treatment. Protein levels in CSF have the potential to reflect different pathophysiological processes in the brain. We aimed to identify and evaluate panels of CSF proteins with potential to separate symptomatic individuals from individuals without clinical symptoms (unaffected), as well as presymptomatic individuals from mutation non-carriers. METHODS A multiplexed antibody-based suspension bead array was used to analyse levels of 111 proteins in CSF samples from 221 individuals from families with genetic frontotemporal dementia. The data was explored using LASSO and Random forest. RESULTS When comparing affected individuals with unaffected individuals, 14 proteins were identified as potentially important for the separation. Among these, four were identified as most important, namely neurofilament medium polypeptide (NEFM), neuronal pentraxin 2 (NPTX2), neurosecretory protein VGF (VGF) and aquaporin 4 (AQP4). The combined profile of these four proteins successfully separated the two groups, with higher levels of NEFM and AQP4 and lower levels of NPTX2 in affected compared to unaffected individuals. VGF contributed to the models, but the levels were not significantly lower in affected individuals. Next, when comparing presymptomatic GRN and C9orf72 mutation carriers in proximity to symptom onset with mutation non-carriers, six proteins were identified with a potential to contribute to a separation, including progranulin (GRN). CONCLUSION In conclusion, we have identified several proteins with the combined potential to separate affected individuals from unaffected individuals, as well as proteins with potential to contribute to the separation between presymptomatic individuals and mutation non-carriers. Further studies are needed to continue the investigation of these proteins and their potential association to the pathophysiological mechanisms in genetic FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Bergström
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish FTD Initiative, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linn Öijerstedt
- Swedish FTD Initiative, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Unit of Hereditary Dementias, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
- Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Julia Remnestål
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish FTD Initiative, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jennie Olofsson
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish FTD Initiative, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abbe Ullgren
- Swedish FTD Initiative, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Unit of Hereditary Dementias, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Harro Seelaar
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Valle
- Alzheimer’s disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fermin Moreno
- Cognitive Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa Spain
- Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa Spain
| | - Elizabeth Finger
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario Canada
| | - Mario Masellis
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Carmela Tartaglia
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Neurology Service, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert Laforce
- Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire, Département des Sciences Neurologiques, CHU de Québec, and Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chris R. Butler
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander Gerhard
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine, University of Duisburg- Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Simon Ducharme
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Québec Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Québec Canada
| | - Jonathan D. Rohrer
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Anna Månberg
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish FTD Initiative, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Graff
- Swedish FTD Initiative, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Unit of Hereditary Dementias, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
- Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish FTD Initiative, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Quinn JP, Kandigian SE, Trombetta BA, Arnold SE, Carlyle BC. VGF as a biomarker and therapeutic target in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab261. [PMID: 34778762 PMCID: PMC8578498 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurosecretory protein VGF (non-acronymic) belongs to the granin family of neuropeptides. VGF and VGF-derived peptides have been repeatedly identified in well-powered and well-designed multi-omic studies as dysregulated in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. New therapeutics is urgently needed for these devastating and costly diseases, as are new biomarkers to improve disease diagnosis and mechanistic understanding. From a list of 537 genes involved in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, VGF was highlighted by the Accelerating Medicines Partnership in Alzheimer's disease as the potential therapeutic target of greatest interest. VGF levels are consistently decreased in brain tissue and CSF samples from patients with Alzheimer's disease compared to controls, and its levels correlate with disease severity and Alzheimer's disease pathology. In the brain, VGF exists as multiple functional VGF-derived peptides. Full-length human VGF1-615 undergoes proteolytic processing by prohormone convertases and other proteases in the regulated secretory pathway to produce at least 12 active VGF-derived peptides. In cell and animal models, these VGF-derived peptides have been linked to energy balance regulation, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, learning and memory, and depression-related behaviours throughout development and adulthood. The C-terminal VGF-derived peptides, TLQP-62 (VGF554-615) and TLQP-21 (VGF554-574) have differential effects on Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, neuronal and microglial activity, and learning and memory. TLQP-62 activates neuronal cell-surface receptors and regulates long-term hippocampal memory formation. TLQP-62 also prevents immune-mediated memory impairment, depression-like and anxiety-like behaviours in mice. TLQP-21 binds to microglial cell-surface receptors, triggering microglial chemotaxis and phagocytosis. These actions were reported to reduce amyloid-β plaques and decrease neuritic dystrophy in a transgenic mouse model of familial Alzheimer's disease. Expression differences of VGF-derived peptides have also been associated with frontotemporal lobar dementias, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Lewy body diseases, Huntington's disease, pain, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression and antidepressant response. This review summarizes current knowledge and highlights questions for future investigation regarding the roles of VGF and its dysregulation in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disease. Finally, the potential of VGF and VGF-derived peptides as biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Clinical & Translational Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Savannah E Kandigian
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Clinical & Translational Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bianca A Trombetta
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Clinical & Translational Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Steven E Arnold
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Clinical & Translational Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Becky C Carlyle
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Clinical & Translational Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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23
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Yuan A, Nixon RA. Neurofilament Proteins as Biomarkers to Monitor Neurological Diseases and the Efficacy of Therapies. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:689938. [PMID: 34646114 PMCID: PMC8503617 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.689938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers of neurodegeneration and neuronal injury have the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy, disease monitoring, prognosis, and measure treatment efficacy. Neurofilament proteins (NfPs) are well suited as biomarkers in these contexts because they are major neuron-specific components that maintain structural integrity and are sensitive to neurodegeneration and neuronal injury across a wide range of neurologic diseases. Low levels of NfPs are constantly released from neurons into the extracellular space and ultimately reach the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood under physiological conditions throughout normal brain development, maturation, and aging. NfP levels in CSF and blood rise above normal in response to neuronal injury and neurodegeneration independently of cause. NfPs in CSF measured by lumbar puncture are about 40-fold more concentrated than in blood in healthy individuals. New ultra-sensitive methods now allow minimally invasive measurement of these low levels of NfPs in serum or plasma to track disease onset and progression in neurological disorders or nervous system injury and assess responses to therapeutic interventions. Any of the five Nf subunits - neurofilament light chain (NfL), neurofilament medium chain (NfM), neurofilament heavy chain (NfH), alpha-internexin (INA) and peripherin (PRPH) may be altered in a given neuropathological condition. In familial and sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), plasma NfL levels may rise as early as 22 years before clinical onset in familial AD and 10 years before sporadic AD. The major determinants of elevated levels of NfPs and degradation fragments in CSF and blood are the magnitude of damaged or degenerating axons of fiber tracks, the affected axon caliber sizes and the rate of release of NfP and fragments at different stages of a given neurological disease or condition directly or indirectly affecting central nervous system (CNS) and/or peripheral nervous system (PNS). NfPs are rapidly emerging as transformative blood biomarkers in neurology providing novel insights into a wide range of neurological diseases and advancing clinical trials. Here we summarize the current understanding of intracellular NfP physiology, pathophysiology and extracellular kinetics of NfPs in biofluids and review the value and limitations of NfPs and degradation fragments as biomarkers of neurodegeneration and neuronal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidong Yuan
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ralph A. Nixon
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, (NYU), Neuroscience Institute, New York, NY, United States
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24
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Xu SJ, Lombroso SI, Fischer DK, Carpenter MD, Marchione DM, Hamilton PJ, Lim CJ, Neve RL, Garcia BA, Wimmer ME, Pierce RC, Heller EA. Chromatin-mediated alternative splicing regulates cocaine-reward behavior. Neuron 2021; 109:2943-2966.e8. [PMID: 34480866 PMCID: PMC8454057 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal alternative splicing is a key gene regulatory mechanism in the brain. However, the spliceosome machinery is insufficient to fully specify splicing complexity. In considering the role of the epigenome in activity-dependent alternative splicing, we and others find the histone modification H3K36me3 to be a putative splicing regulator. In this study, we found that mouse cocaine self-administration caused widespread differential alternative splicing, concomitant with the enrichment of H3K36me3 at differentially spliced junctions. Importantly, only targeted epigenetic editing can distinguish between a direct role of H3K36me3 in splicing and an indirect role via regulation of splice factor expression elsewhere on the genome. We targeted Srsf11, which was both alternatively spliced and H3K36me3 enriched in the brain following cocaine self-administration. Epigenetic editing of H3K36me3 at Srsf11 was sufficient to drive its alternative splicing and enhanced cocaine self-administration, establishing the direct causal relevance of H3K36me3 to alternative splicing of Srsf11 and to reward behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Jun Xu
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sonia I Lombroso
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Delaney K Fischer
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marco D Carpenter
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dylan M Marchione
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peter J Hamilton
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Carissa J Lim
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rachel L Neve
- Gene Delivery Technology Core, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mathieu E Wimmer
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19121, USA
| | - R Christopher Pierce
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Heller
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,19104, USA; Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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25
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Bergström S, Remnestål J, Yousef J, Olofsson J, Markaki I, Carvalho S, Corvol JC, Kultima K, Kilander L, Löwenmark M, Ingelsson M, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Nellgård B, Brosseron F, Heneka MT, Bosch B, Sanchez-Valle R, Månberg A, Svenningsson P, Nilsson P. Multi-cohort profiling reveals elevated CSF levels of brain-enriched proteins in Alzheimer's disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021; 8:1456-1470. [PMID: 34129723 PMCID: PMC8283172 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Decreased amyloid beta (Aβ) 42 together with increased tau and phospho-tau in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is indicative of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the molecular pathophysiology underlying the slowly progressive cognitive decline observed in AD is not fully understood and it is not known what other CSF biomarkers may be altered in early disease stages. METHODS We utilized an antibody-based suspension bead array to analyze levels of 216 proteins in CSF from AD patients, patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and controls from two independent cohorts collected within the AETIONOMY consortium. Two additional cohorts from Sweden were used for biological verification. RESULTS Six proteins, amphiphysin (AMPH), aquaporin 4 (AQP4), cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein 21 (ARPP21), growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43), neurofilament medium polypeptide (NEFM), and synuclein beta (SNCB) were found at increased levels in CSF from AD patients compared with controls. Next, we used CSF levels of Aβ42 and tau for the stratification of the MCI patients and observed increased levels of AMPH, AQP4, ARPP21, GAP43, and SNCB in the MCI subgroups with abnormal tau levels compared with controls. Further characterization revealed strong to moderate correlations between these five proteins and tau concentrations. INTERPRETATION In conclusion, we report six extensively replicated candidate biomarkers with the potential to reflect disease development. Continued evaluation of these proteins will determine to what extent they can aid in the discrimination of MCI patients with and without an underlying AD etiology, and if they have the potential to contribute to a better understanding of the AD continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Bergström
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, SciLifeLab, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julia Remnestål
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, SciLifeLab, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jamil Yousef
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, SciLifeLab, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jennie Olofsson
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, SciLifeLab, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ioanna Markaki
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephanie Carvalho
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Neurology, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Corvol
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Neurology, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Kim Kultima
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lena Kilander
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malin Löwenmark
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Bengt Nellgård
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg
| | - Frederic Brosseron
- Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Beatriz Bosch
- Alzheimer's and other cognitive disorders Unit. Service of Neurology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Valle
- Alzheimer's and other cognitive disorders Unit. Service of Neurology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Månberg
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, SciLifeLab, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, SciLifeLab, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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26
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Remnestål J, Bergström S, Olofsson J, Sjöstedt E, Uhlén M, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Zettergren A, Kern S, Skoog I, Nilsson P, Månberg A. Association of CSF proteins with tau and amyloid β levels in asymptomatic 70-year-olds. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2021; 13:54. [PMID: 33653397 PMCID: PMC7923505 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00789-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Increased knowledge of the evolution of molecular changes in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is important for the understanding of disease pathophysiology and also crucial to be able to identify and validate disease biomarkers. While several biological changes that occur early in the disease development have already been recognized, the need for further characterization of the pathophysiological mechanisms behind AD still remains. Methods In this study, we investigated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of 104 proteins in 307 asymptomatic 70-year-olds from the H70 Gothenburg Birth Cohort Studies using a multiplexed antibody- and bead-based technology. Results The protein levels were first correlated with the core AD CSF biomarker concentrations of total tau, phospho-tau and amyloid beta (Aβ42) in all individuals. Sixty-three proteins showed significant correlations to either total tau, phospho-tau or Aβ42. Thereafter, individuals were divided based on CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score to determine if early changes in pathology and cognition had an effect on the correlations. We compared the associations of the analysed proteins with CSF markers between groups and found 33 proteins displaying significantly different associations for amyloid-positive individuals and amyloid-negative individuals, as defined by the CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio. No differences in the associations could be seen for individuals divided by CDR score. Conclusions We identified a series of transmembrane proteins, proteins associated with or anchored to the plasma membrane, and proteins involved in or connected to synaptic vesicle transport to be associated with CSF biomarkers of amyloid and tau pathology in AD. Further studies are needed to explore these proteins’ role in AD pathophysiology. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-021-00789-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Remnestål
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Tomtebodvägen 23A, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sofia Bergström
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Tomtebodvägen 23A, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jennie Olofsson
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Tomtebodvägen 23A, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evelina Sjöstedt
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Tomtebodvägen 23A, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Tomtebodvägen 23A, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Anna Zettergren
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Silke Kern
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry, Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry, Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Tomtebodvägen 23A, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Månberg
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Tomtebodvägen 23A, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
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