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Fernandes-Silva H, Alves MG, Garcez MR, Correia-Pinto J, Oliveira PF, Homem CCF, Moura RS. Retinoic Acid-Mediated Control of Energy Metabolism Is Essential for Lung Branching Morphogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5054. [PMID: 38732272 PMCID: PMC11084425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25095054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung branching morphogenesis relies on intricate epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and signaling networks. Still, the interplay between signaling and energy metabolism in shaping embryonic lung development remains unexplored. Retinoic acid (RA) signaling influences lung proximal-distal patterning and branching morphogenesis, but its role as a metabolic modulator is unknown. Hence, this study investigates how RA signaling affects the metabolic profile of lung branching. We performed ex vivo lung explant culture of embryonic chicken lungs treated with DMSO, 1 µM RA, or 10 µM BMS493. Extracellular metabolite consumption/production was evaluated by using 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Mitochondrial respiration and biogenesis were also analyzed. Proliferation was assessed using an EdU-based assay. The expression of crucial metabolic/signaling components was examined through Western blot, qPCR, and in situ hybridization. RA signaling stimulation redirects glucose towards pyruvate and succinate production rather than to alanine or lactate. Inhibition of RA signaling reduces lung branching, resulting in a cystic-like phenotype while promoting mitochondrial function. Here, RA signaling emerges as a regulator of tissue proliferation and lactate dehydrogenase expression. Furthermore, RA governs fatty acid metabolism through an AMPK-dependent mechanism. These findings underscore RA's pivotal role in shaping lung metabolism during branching morphogenesis, contributing to our understanding of lung development and cystic-related lung disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Fernandes-Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (H.F.-S.); (J.C.-P.)
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- PhDOC PhD Program, ICVS/3B’s, School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Marco G. Alves
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Marcia R. Garcez
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS/FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1449-011 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.R.G.); (C.C.F.H.)
- Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology (GABBA), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Correia-Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (H.F.-S.); (J.C.-P.)
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital of Braga, 4710-243 Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro F. Oliveira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Catarina C. F. Homem
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS/FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1449-011 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.R.G.); (C.C.F.H.)
| | - Rute S. Moura
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (H.F.-S.); (J.C.-P.)
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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2
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Yaremenko AV, Pechnikova NA, Porpodis K, Damdoumis S, Aggeli A, Theodora P, Domvri K. Association of Fetal Lung Development Disorders with Adult Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. J Pers Med 2024; 14:368. [PMID: 38672994 PMCID: PMC11051200 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14040368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fetal lung development is a crucial and complex process that lays the groundwork for postnatal respiratory health. However, disruptions in this delicate developmental journey can lead to fetal lung development disorders, impacting neonatal outcomes and potentially influencing health outcomes well into adulthood. Recent research has shed light on the intriguing association between fetal lung development disorders and the development of adult diseases. Understanding these links can provide valuable insights into the developmental origins of health and disease, paving the way for targeted preventive measures and clinical interventions. This review article aims to comprehensively explore the association of fetal lung development disorders with adult diseases. We delve into the stages of fetal lung development, examining key factors influencing fetal lung maturation. Subsequently, we investigate specific fetal lung development disorders, such as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), and other abnormalities. Furthermore, we explore the potential mechanisms underlying these associations, considering the role of epigenetic modifications, transgenerational effects, and intrauterine environmental factors. Additionally, we examine the epidemiological evidence and clinical findings linking fetal lung development disorders to adult respiratory diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other respiratory ailments. This review provides valuable insights for healthcare professionals and researchers, guiding future investigations and shaping strategies for preventive interventions and long-term care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V. Yaremenko
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Oncology Unit, Pulmonary Department, George Papanikolaou Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.P.); (S.D.)
| | - Nadezhda A. Pechnikova
- Laboratory of Chemical Engineering A’, School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.A.P.); (A.A.)
- Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Konstantinos Porpodis
- Oncology Unit, Pulmonary Department, George Papanikolaou Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.P.); (S.D.)
| | - Savvas Damdoumis
- Oncology Unit, Pulmonary Department, George Papanikolaou Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.P.); (S.D.)
| | - Amalia Aggeli
- Laboratory of Chemical Engineering A’, School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.A.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Papamitsou Theodora
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Kalliopi Domvri
- Oncology Unit, Pulmonary Department, George Papanikolaou Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.P.); (S.D.)
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Pathology Department, George Papanikolaou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
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3
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Zajac D, Wojciechowski P. The Role of Vitamins in the Pathogenesis of Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108574. [PMID: 37239921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamins play a crucial role in the proper functioning of organisms. Disturbances of their levels, seen as deficiency or excess, enhance the development of various diseases, including those of the cardiovascular, immune, or respiratory systems. The present paper aims to summarize the role of vitamins in one of the most common diseases of the respiratory system, asthma. This narrative review describes the influence of vitamins on asthma and its main symptoms such as bronchial hyperreactivity, airway inflammation, oxidative stress, and airway remodeling, as well as the correlation between vitamin intake and levels and the risk of asthma in both pre- and postnatal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Zajac
- Department of Respiration Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Piotr Wojciechowski
- Department of Respiration Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
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Vassilopoulou E, Guibas GV, Papadopoulos NG. Mediterranean-Type Diets as a Protective Factor for Asthma and Atopy. Nutrients 2022; 14:1825. [PMID: 35565792 PMCID: PMC9105881 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We are currently riding the second wave of the allergy epidemic, which is ongoing in affluent societies, but now also affecting developing countries. This increase in the prevalence of atopy/asthma in the Western world has coincided with a rapid improvement in living conditions and radical changes in lifestyle, suggesting that this upward trend in allergic manifestations may be associated with cultural and environmental factors. Diet is a prominent environmental exposure that has undergone major changes, with a substantial increase in the consumption of processed foods, all across the globe. On this basis, the potential effects of dietary habits on atopy and asthma have been researched rigorously, but even with a considerable body of evidence, clear associations are far from established. Many factors converge to obscure the potential relationship, including methodological, pathophysiological and cultural differences. To date, the most commonly researched, and highly promising, candidate for exerting a protective effect is the so-called Mediterranean diet (MedDi). This dietary pattern has been the subject of investigation since the mid twentieth century, and the evidence regarding its beneficial health effects is overwhelming, although data on a correlation between MedDi and the incidence and severity of asthma and atopy are inconclusive. As the prevalence of asthma appears to be lower in some Mediterranean populations, it can be speculated that the MedDi dietary pattern could indeed have a place in a preventive strategy for asthma/atopy. This is a review of the current evidence of the associations between the constituents of the MedDi and asthma/atopy, with emphasis on the pathophysiological links between MedDi and disease outcomes and the research pitfalls and methodological caveats which may hinder identification of causality. MedDi, as a dietary pattern, rather than short-term supplementation or excessive focus on single nutrient effects, may be a rational option for preventive intervention against atopy and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Vassilopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George V. Guibas
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston PR2 9HT, UK;
- School of Biological Sciences, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos
- School of Biological Sciences, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
- Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon and Levadias 1, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Channabasappa S, Caldwell S, Kanthan R, Singh B. Retinoid receptors are expressed in mouse and human lungs. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2022; 305:2281-2289. [PMID: 35338615 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Retinoid receptors are members of nuclear receptor superfamily consisting of two distinct families: RARs (retinoic acid receptors) and RXRs (retinoid X receptors). Each family contains three receptor subtypes α, β, and γ. Retinoids transduce their effects through binding to retinoid receptors and inhibit transcription factors such as activator protein-1 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) both of which regulate the transcription of several inflammatory genes. Considering the role of retinoid receptors in lung physiology, we need a precise understanding of their expression in normal and inflamed lungs. We used light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry and Western blot to determine the expression of retinoid receptors in a murine model of endotoxin-induced (E. coli; 055:B5, 80 μg intranasal) acute lung inflammation and normal human lungs. Western blot showed expression of all six retinoid receptor subtypes in normal and inflamed mouse lungs. Immunohistology localized differential expression of retinoid receptors in airway epithelium, alveolar/septal macrophages, vascular endothelium and alveolar septum in mouse lungs. Intranasal LPS challenge in mice resulted in increased expression of RXRα in airway epithelium compared to control animals. All six retinoid receptor subtypes were expressed in normal human lungs. Immunoelectron microscopy further confirmed the localization of all the receptors in various lung cells including the nucleus of these cells. The basal and altered expression of retinoid receptors in normal and inflamed lungs, respectively, may suggest their roles in lung pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rani Kanthan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Baljit Singh
- Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Saskatoon, Canada
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Lebedenko AA, Afonin AA, Semernik OE, Loginova IG, Gunko VO, Larichkin AV, Alliluyev IA, Galkina GA, Panova IV. Proteomic analysis of blood serum - a new approach to the search for diagnostic markers of bronchial asthma in children. Klin Lab Diagn 2022; 67:81-84. [PMID: 35192752 DOI: 10.51620/0869-2084-2022-67-2-81-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Currently, bronchial asthma (BA) is one of the most pressing medical and social problems, the molecular aspects of the formation and development of BA are insufficiently studied and the diagnosis is not perfect. Carrying out proteomic analysis of BA will not only reveal new biomarkers specific to this disease, but also bring us closer to understanding its pathogenetic mechanisms. The purpose of the study: to study the proteomic profile of blood serum of children with BA to identify proteins associated with this disease A comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination of children suffering from BA and control group patients was performed. Proteomic analysis of depleted blood serum included high-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis (1 direction: immobiline strips 17cm, pH 3-10, 2 direction: denaturing electrophoresis in 12.5% polyacrylamide gel), protein staining on gels with fluorescent dye Flamingo, protein identification by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry using the search algorithm Mascot and the Swiss-Prot database. Comparison of the proteomic profile of BA serum and the control group patients serum allowed us to establish that the production of a number of proteins is reduced in this pathology. Among them, proteins in the molecular weight range of 16-33 kDa (p<0.05) were identified: glutathione peroxidase 3, transtyretin, complement components C4b and C3. Research shows that changes in the children's serum proteome occur in BA, affecting proteins that play an important role in immune responses, ligand transport, and antioxidant protection. Special attention should be paid to the differences identified in the course of this work (glutathione peroxidase, transtyretin, C3 and C4 fragments of the complement system) or their combinations. Studying the features of their expression will expand our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying chronic inflammation of this disease.
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7
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Defnet AE, Shah SD, Huang W, Shapiro P, Deshpande DA, Kane MA. Dysregulated retinoic acid signaling in airway smooth muscle cells in asthma. FASEB J 2021; 35:e22016. [PMID: 34784434 PMCID: PMC9361782 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100835r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin A deficiency has been shown to exacerbate allergic asthma. Previous studies have postulated that retinoic acid (RA), an active metabolite of vitamin A and high-affinity ligand for RA receptor (RAR), is reduced in airway inflammatory condition and contributes to multiple features of asthma including airway hyperresponsiveness and excessive accumulation of airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. In this study, we directly quantified RA and examined the molecular basis for reduced RA levels and RA-mediated signaling in lungs and ASM cells obtained from asthmatic donors and in lungs from allergen-challenged mice. Levels of RA and retinol were significantly lower in lung tissues from asthmatic donors and house dust mite (HDM)-challenged mice compared to non-asthmatic human lungs and PBS-challenged mice, respectively. Quantification of mRNA and protein expression revealed dysregulation in the first step of RA biosynthesis consistent with reduced RA including decreased protein expression of retinol dehydrogenase (RDH)-10 and increased protein expression of RDH11 and dehydrogenase/reductase (DHRS)-4 in asthmatic lung. Proteomic profiling of non-asthmatic and asthmatic lungs also showed significant changes in the protein expression of AP-1 targets consistent with increased AP-1 activity. Further, basal RA levels and RA biosynthetic capabilities were decreased in asthmatic human ASM cells. Treatment of human ASM cells with all-trans RA (ATRA) or the RARγ-specific agonist (CD1530) resulted in the inhibition of mitogen-induced cell proliferation and AP-1-dependent transcription. These data suggest that RA metabolism is decreased in asthmatic lung and that enhancing RAR signaling using ATRA or RARγ agonists may mitigate airway remodeling associated with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E. Defnet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sushrut D. Shah
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Weiliang Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul Shapiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Deepak A. Deshpande
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maureen A. Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Talaei M, Hughes DA, Mahmoud O, Emmett PM, Granell R, Guerra S, Shaheen SO. Dietary intake of vitamin A, lung function and incident asthma in childhood. Eur Respir J 2021; 58:2004407. [PMID: 33795317 PMCID: PMC8551559 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.04407-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal epidemiological data are scarce on the relationship between dietary intake of vitamin A and respiratory outcomes in childhood. We investigated whether a higher intake of preformed vitamin A or pro-vitamin β-carotene in mid-childhood is associated with higher lung function and with asthma risk in adolescence. METHODS In the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, dietary intakes of preformed vitamin A and β-carotene equivalents were estimated by food frequency questionnaire at 7 years of age. Post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory flow at 25-75% of FVC (FEF25-75%) were measured at 15.5 years and transformed to z-scores. Incident asthma was defined by new cases of doctor-diagnosed asthma at age 11 or 14 years. RESULTS In multivariable adjusted models, a higher intake of preformed vitamin A was associated with higher lung function and a lower risk of incident asthma: comparing top versus bottom quartiles of intake, regression coefficients for FEV1 and FEF25-75% were 0.21 (95% CI 0.05-0.38; ptrend=0.008) and 0.18 (95% CI 0.03-0.32; ptrend=0.02), respectively; odds ratios for FEV1/FVC below the lower limit of normal and incident asthma were 0.49 (95% CI 0.27-0.90; ptrend=0.04) and 0.68 (95% CI 0.47-0.99; ptrend=0.07), respectively. In contrast, there was no evidence for association with β-carotene. We also found some evidence for modification of the associations between preformed vitamin A intake and lung function by BCMO1, NCOR2 and SCGB1A1 gene polymorphisms. CONCLUSION A higher intake of preformed vitamin A, but not β-carotene, in mid-childhood is associated with higher subsequent lung function and lower risk of fixed airflow limitation and incident asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Talaei
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - David A Hughes
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Osama Mahmoud
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Pauline M Emmett
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Raquel Granell
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Stefano Guerra
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Seif O Shaheen
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Oliver PJ, Arutla S, Yenigalla A, Hund TJ, Parinandi NL. Lipid Nutrition in Asthma. Cell Biochem Biophys 2021; 79:669-694. [PMID: 34244966 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-021-01020-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous pulmonary disease that has constantly increased in prevalence over the past several decades. Primary symptoms include airway constriction, airway hyperresponsiveness, and airway remodeling with additional symptoms such as shortness of breath, wheezing, and difficulty breathing. Allergic asthma involves chronic inflammation of the lungs, and the rise in its yearly diagnosis is potentially associated with the increased global consumption of foods similar to the western diet. Thus, there is growing interest into the link between diet and asthma symptoms, with mounting evidence for an important modulatory role for dietary lipids. Lipids can act as biological mediators in both a proinflammatory and proresolution capacity. Fatty acids play key roles in signaling and in the production of mediators in the allergic and inflammatory pathways. The western diet leads to a disproportionate ω-6:ω-3 ratio, with drastically increased ω-6 levels. To counteract this, consumption of fish and fish oil and the use of dietary oils with anti-inflammatory properties such as olive and sesame oil can increase ω-3 and decrease ω-6 levels. Increasing vitamin intake, lowering LDL cholesterol levels, and limiting consumption of oxidized lipids can help reduce the risk of asthma and the exacerbation of asthmatic symptoms. These dietary changes can be achieved by increasing intake of fruits, vegetables, nuts, oily fish, seeds, animal-related foods (eggs, liver), cheeses, grains, oats, and seeds, and decreasing consumption of fried foods (especially fried in reused oils), fast foods, and heavily processed foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Oliver
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Sukruthi Arutla
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Anita Yenigalla
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Thomas J Hund
- Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Narasimham L Parinandi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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10
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Midha IK, Kumar N, Kumar A, Madan T. Mega doses of retinol: A possible immunomodulation in Covid-19 illness in resource-limited settings. Rev Med Virol 2021; 31:1-14. [PMID: 33382930 PMCID: PMC7883262 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Of all the nutrients, vitamin A has been the most extensively evaluated for its impact on immunity. There are three main forms of vitamin A, retinol, retinal and retinoic acid (RA) with the latter being most biologically active and all-trans-RA (ATRA) its main derivative. Vitamin A is a key regulator of the functions of various innate and adaptive immune cells and promotes immune-homeostasis. Importantly, it augments the interferon-based innate immune response to RNA viruses decreasing RNA virus replication. Several clinical trials report decreased mortality in measles and Ebola with vitamin A supplementation.During the Covid-19 pandemic interventions such as convalescent plasma, antivirals, monoclonal antibodies and immunomodulator drugs have been tried but most of them are difficult to implement in resource-limited settings. The current review explores the possibility of mega dose vitamin A as an affordable adjunct therapy for Covid-19 illness with minimal reversible side effects. Insight is provided into the effect of vitamin A on ACE-2 expression in the respiratory tract and its association with the prognosis of Covid-19 patients. Vitamin A supplementation may aid the generation of protective immune response to Covid-19 vaccines. An overview of the dosage and safety profile of vitamin A is presented along with recommended doses for prophylactic/therapeutic use in randomised controlled trials in Covid-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amit Kumar
- Dwight D. Eisenhower VA Medical CenterLeavenworthKansasUSA
| | - Taruna Madan
- Department of Innate ImmunityICMR‐National Institute for Research in Reproductive HealthMumbaiIndia
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11
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Karnati S, Seimetz M, Kleefeldt F, Sonawane A, Madhusudhan T, Bachhuka A, Kosanovic D, Weissmann N, Krüger K, Ergün S. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and the Cardiovascular System: Vascular Repair and Regeneration as a Therapeutic Target. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:649512. [PMID: 33912600 PMCID: PMC8072123 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.649512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and encompasses chronic bronchitis and emphysema. It has been shown that vascular wall remodeling and pulmonary hypertension (PH) can occur not only in patients with COPD but also in smokers with normal lung function, suggesting a causal role for vascular alterations in the development of emphysema. Mechanistically, abnormalities in the vasculature, such as inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, imbalances in cellular apoptosis/proliferation, and increased oxidative/nitrosative stress promote development of PH, cor pulmonale, and most probably pulmonary emphysema. Hypoxemia in the pulmonary chamber modulates the activation of key transcription factors and signaling cascades, which propagates inflammation and infiltration of neutrophils, resulting in vascular remodeling. Endothelial progenitor cells have angiogenesis capabilities, resulting in transdifferentiation of the smooth muscle cells via aberrant activation of several cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines. The vascular endothelium influences the balance between vaso-constriction and -dilation in the heart. Targeting key players affecting the vasculature might help in the development of new treatment strategies for both PH and COPD. The present review aims to summarize current knowledge about vascular alterations and production of reactive oxygen species in COPD. The present review emphasizes on the importance of the vasculature for the usually parenchyma-focused view of the pathobiology of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Karnati
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Seimetz
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Florian Kleefeldt
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Thati Madhusudhan
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Akash Bachhuka
- UniSA Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Djuro Kosanovic
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany.,Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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12
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Fatty acid-binding protein 5 limits ILC2-mediated allergic lung inflammation in a murine asthma model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16617. [PMID: 33024217 PMCID: PMC7538993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73935-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary obesity is regarded as a problem worldwide, and it has been revealed the strong linkage between obesity and allergic inflammation. Fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) is expressed in lung cells, such as alveolar epithelial cells (ECs) and alveolar macrophages, and plays an important role in infectious lung inflammation. However, we do not know precise mechanisms on how lipid metabolic change in the lung affects allergic lung inflammation. In this study, we showed that Fabp5−/− mice exhibited a severe symptom of allergic lung inflammation. We sought to examine the role of FABP5 in the allergic lung inflammation and demonstrated that the expression of FABP5 acts as a novel positive regulator of ST2 expression in alveolar ECs to generate retinoic acid (RA) and supports the synthesis of RA from type II alveolar ECs to suppress excessive activation of innate lymphoid cell (ILC) 2 during allergic lung inflammation. Furthermore, high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice exhibit the downregulation of FABP5 and ST2 expression in the lung tissue compared with normal diet (ND)-fed mice. These phenomena might be the reason why obese people are more susceptible to allergic lung inflammation. Thus, FABP5 is potentially a therapeutic target for treating ILC2-mediated allergic lung inflammation.
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13
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Resende D, Costa Lima SA, Reis S. Nanoencapsulation approaches for oral delivery of vitamin A. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 193:111121. [PMID: 32464354 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin A is essential to human health. Encapsulation in lipid nanoparticles was used to overcome vitamin A poor water solubility in beverages. This work aimed to develop and characterize lipid nanoparticles, containing vitamin A, for food fortification, assuring its stability and oral bioaccessibility. Lipid nanoparticles optimized for the oral administration of vitamin A using the hot homogenization method. The nanoparticles subjected to conditions used in food processing suffered no changes in their size or vitamin content. In vitro assays simulating gastrointestinal digestion suggested that the nanoparticles are not altered in the stomach, and the biocompatibility of the formulations showed no toxicity in fibroblasts. With the developed nanoparticles 80% of the added vitamin reached the intestine in the digestibility assay, demonstrating suitability as a nanotechnology application in the food research for the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Resende
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia A Costa Lima
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Salette Reis
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
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14
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Badolati I, Sverremark‐Ekström E, van der Heiden M. Th9 cells in allergic diseases: A role for the microbiota? Scand J Immunol 2020; 91:e12857. [PMID: 31811655 PMCID: PMC7154783 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since their discovery about 10 years ago, Th9 cells have been increasingly linked to allergic pathologies. Within this review, we summarize the current knowledge on associations between Th9 cells and allergic diseases and acknowledge Th9 cells as important targets in future treatment of allergic diseases. However, until today, it is not fully understood how these Th9 cell responses are modulated. We describe current literature suggesting that these Th9 cell responses might be stimulated by microbial species such as Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, while on the other hand, microbial and dietary compounds such as retinoic acid (RA), butyrate and vitamin D show suppressive capacity on allergy-related Th9 responses. By reviewing this recent research, we provide new insights into the modulating capacity of the microbiota on Th9 cell responses. Consequently, microbial and dietary factors may be used as innovative tools to target Th9 cells in the treatment of allergic diseases. However, further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms behind these interactions in order to translate this knowledge into clinical allergy settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Badolati
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe Wenner‐Gren InstituteStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Eva Sverremark‐Ekström
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe Wenner‐Gren InstituteStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Marieke van der Heiden
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe Wenner‐Gren InstituteStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
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15
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Retinoic Acid as a Modulator of Proximal-Distal Patterning and Branching Morphogenesis of the Avian Lung. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2019:209-224. [PMID: 31359399 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9585-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid modulates numerous cellular events, namely, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and patterning, hence influencing both embryo development and adult homeostasis. In vitro explant culture is a valuable technique for studying the impact of growth factors and signaling molecules, such as retinoic acid, in organ development since tissue architecture is maintained. This technique allows controlled supplementation of culture medium and straightforward analysis of its effect on morphogenesis. This chapter describes the detailed protocol for culturing embryonic chick lung explants and testing the impact of retinoic acid in branching and patterning, based on morphometric and molecular analysis.
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16
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Fernandes-Silva H, Araújo-Silva H, Correia-Pinto J, Moura RS. Retinoic Acid: A Key Regulator of Lung Development. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010152. [PMID: 31963453 PMCID: PMC7022928 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is a key molecular player in embryogenesis and adult tissue homeostasis. In embryo development, RA plays a crucial role in the formation of different organ systems, namely, the respiratory system. During lung development, there is a spatiotemporal regulation of RA levels that assures the formation of a fully functional organ. RA signaling influences lung specification, branching morphogenesis, and alveolarization by regulating the expression of particular target genes. Moreover, cooperation with other developmental pathways is essential to shape lung organogenesis. This review focuses on the events regulated by retinoic acid during lung developmental phases and pulmonary vascular development; also, it aims to provide a snapshot of RA interplay with other well-known regulators of lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Fernandes-Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (H.F.-S.); (H.A.-S.); (J.C.-P.)
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- PhDOC PhD Program, ICVS/3B’s, School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Henrique Araújo-Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (H.F.-S.); (H.A.-S.); (J.C.-P.)
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jorge Correia-Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (H.F.-S.); (H.A.-S.); (J.C.-P.)
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital of Braga, 4710-243 Braga, Portugal
| | - Rute S Moura
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (H.F.-S.); (H.A.-S.); (J.C.-P.)
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +35-12-5360-4911
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17
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Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA), the bioactive metabolite of vitamin A (VA), has long been recognized as a critical regulator of the development of the respiratory system. During embryogenesis, RA signaling is involved in the development of the trachea, airways, lung, and diaphragm. During postnatal life, RA continues to impact respiratory health. Disruption of RA activity during embryonic development produces dramatic phenotypes in animal models and human diseases, including tracheoesophageal fistula, tracheomalacia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), and lung agenesis or hypoplasia. Several experimental methods have been used to target RA pathways during the formation of the embryonic lung. These have been performed in different animal models using gain- and loss-of-function strategies and dietary, pharmacologic, and genetic approaches that deplete retinoid stores or disrupt retinoid signaling. Experiments utilizing these methods have led to a deeper understanding of RA's role as an important signaling molecule that influences all stages of lung development. Current research is uncovering RA cross talk interactions with other embryonic signaling factors, such as fibroblast growth factors, WNT, and transforming growth factor-beta.
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18
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Schwartz DM, Farley TK, Richoz N, Yao C, Shih HY, Petermann F, Zhang Y, Sun HW, Hayes E, Mikami Y, Jiang K, Davis FP, Kanno Y, Milner JD, Siegel R, Laurence A, Meylan F, O'Shea JJ. Retinoic Acid Receptor Alpha Represses a Th9 Transcriptional and Epigenomic Program to Reduce Allergic Pathology. Immunity 2019; 50:106-120.e10. [PMID: 30650370 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T helper (Th) differentiation is regulated by diverse inputs, including the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA). RA acts through its receptor RARα to repress transcription of inflammatory cytokines, but is also essential for Th-mediated immunity, indicating complex effects of RA on Th specification and the outcome of the immune response. We examined the impact of RA on the genome-wide transcriptional response during Th differentiation to multiple subsets. RA effects were subset-selective and were most significant in Th9 cells. RA globally antagonized Th9-promoting transcription factors and inhibited Th9 differentiation. RA directly targeted the extended Il9 locus and broadly modified the Th9 epigenome through RARα. RA-RARα activity limited murine Th9-associated pulmonary inflammation, and human allergic inflammation was associated with reduced expression of RA target genes. Thus, repression of the Th9 program is a major function of RA-RARα signaling in Th differentiation, arguing for a role for RA in interleukin 9 (IL-9) related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella M Schwartz
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Rockville, MD 20892, USA; Genenetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Taylor K Farley
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Rockville, MD 20892, USA; Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nathan Richoz
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chen Yao
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Han-Yu Shih
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Franziska Petermann
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Genenetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hong-Wei Sun
- Office of Science and Technology, NIAMS, NIH, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Erika Hayes
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yohei Mikami
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kan Jiang
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Fred P Davis
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yuka Kanno
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joshua D Milner
- Genenetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard Siegel
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Arian Laurence
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Françoise Meylan
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - John J O'Shea
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
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19
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Saadeldin IM, Swelum AAA, Elsafadi M, Mahmood A, Yaqoob SH, Alfayez M, Alowaimer AN. Effects of all-trans retinoic acid on the in vitro maturation of camel (Camelus dromedarius) cumulus-oocyte complexes. J Reprod Dev 2019; 65:215-221. [PMID: 30760649 PMCID: PMC6584179 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2018-073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (RA) is a metabolite of vitamin A and has pleiotropic actions on many different biological processes, including cell growth and differentiation, and is involved in different aspects of fertility and developmental biology. In the current study, we investigated the effects of RA on camel (Camelus dromedarius) cumulus-oocyte complex in vitro maturation (IVM). IVM medium was supplemented with 0, 10, 20, and 40 µM RA. Application of 20 µM RA significantly reduced the proportion of degenerated oocytes and significantly improved oocyte meiosis and first polar body extrusion compared to the control and other experimental groups. Retinoic acid significantly reduced the mRNA transcript levels of apoptosis-related genes, including BAX and P53, and reduced the BAX/BCL2 ratio. In addition, RA significantly reduced the expression of the Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) pathway-related transcripts associated with the actin cytoskeleton, ACTA2 and TAGLN; however, RA increased TGFβ expression in cumulus cells. The small molecule SB-431542 inhibits the TGFβ pathway by inhibiting the activity of activin receptor-like kinases (ALK-4, ALK-5, and ALK-7); however, combined supplementation with RA during IVM compensated for the inhibitory effect of SB-431542 on cumulus expansion, oocyte meiosis I, and first polar body extrusion in activated oocytes. The current study shows the beneficial effects of RA on camel oocyte IVM and provides a model to study the multifunctional mechanisms involved in cumulus expansion and oocyte meiosis, particularly those involved in the TGFβ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam M Saadeldin
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ayman Abdel-Aziz Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mona Elsafadi
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer Mahmood
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Hilal Yaqoob
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Musaad Alfayez
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Saudi Society for Camel Studies, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah N Alowaimer
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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20
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Does a carrot a day keep the allergy away? Immunol Lett 2018; 206:54-58. [PMID: 30339818 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin A is an important micronutrient, from plants diet taken up as carotenoids, from animal food sources as retinol. Its active metabolite retinoic acid (RA) binds to nuclear hormone receptors, thereby regulating gene transcription programs in various cells. Adequate nutritional intake of vitamin A is essential for pre- and postnatal development, eyesight and reproduction, and it contributes to the maintenance and regulation of the immune system. Recent molecular studies indicate that lipocalins play an important role in the bioavailability of RA and its immune modulation against Th2 responses. There is emerging evidence that supply with vitamin A determines the susceptibility to allergic diseases: significantly reduced serum vitamin A levels are commonly observed in allergic patients compared to healthy controls. In line, findings from nutritional and clinical trials suggest that sufficient vitamin A supplementation in pregnancy prevents the development of allergic diseases in the offspring, and helps in controlling symptoms in adult asthmatics. Overall, retinoids have a key role in regulating immune homeostasis on mucosal surfaces because they are able to interfere with inflammatory signalling pathways. In this mini-review we will concentrate on the current knowledge about the influence of dietary and supplementary vitamin A on allergic diseases in humans from infancy to adulthood.
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21
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Vitamin A Deficiency and the Lung. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091132. [PMID: 30134568 PMCID: PMC6164133 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A (all-trans-retinol) is a fat-soluble micronutrient which together with its natural derivatives and synthetic analogues constitutes the group of retinoids. They are involved in a wide range of physiological processes such as embryonic development, vision, immunity and cellular differentiation and proliferation. Retinoic acid (RA) is the main active form of vitamin A and multiple genes respond to RA signalling through transcriptional and non-transcriptional mechanisms. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a remarkable public health problem. An adequate vitamin A intake is required in early lung development, alveolar formation, tissue maintenance and regeneration. In fact, chronic VAD has been associated with histopathological changes in the pulmonary epithelial lining that disrupt the normal lung physiology predisposing to severe tissue dysfunction and respiratory diseases. In addition, there are important alterations of the structure and composition of extracellular matrix with thickening of the alveolar basement membrane and ectopic deposition of collagen I. In this review, we show our recent findings on the modification of cell-junction proteins in VAD lungs, summarize up-to-date information related to the effects of chronic VAD in the impairment of lung physiology and pulmonary disease which represent a major global health problem and provide an overview of possible pathways involved.
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22
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Impact of Retinoic Acid on Immune Cells and Inflammatory Diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:3067126. [PMID: 30158832 PMCID: PMC6109577 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3067126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) plays important roles in cell growth, differentiation, organogenesis, and reproduction and a key role in mucosal immune responses. RA promotes dendritic cells to express CD103 and to produce RA, enhances the differentiation of Foxp3+ inducible regulatory T cells, and induces gut-homing specificity in T cells. Although vitamin A is crucial for maintaining homeostasis at the intestinal barrier and equilibrating immunity and tolerance, including gut dysbiosis, retinoids perform a wide variety of functions in many settings, such as the central nervous system, skin aging, allergic airway diseases, cancer prevention and therapy, and metabolic diseases. The mechanism of RA is interesting to explore as both a mucosal adjuvant and a combination therapy with other effective agents. Here, we review the effect of RA on innate and adaptive immunity with a special emphasis on inflammatory status.
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23
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Bai YJ, Dai RJ. Serum levels of vitamin A and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) as reflectors of pulmonary function and quality of life (QOL) in children with stable asthma: A case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e9830. [PMID: 29443744 PMCID: PMC5839812 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to explore the relationship between serum vitamin A and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) levels with pulmonary function and quality of life (QOL) in children with stable asthma. METHODS A total of 117 cases of children with stable asthma were assigned into the case group and 129 healthy children underwent physical examination during the same period into the control group. Electrochemiluminescence was employed to determine serum vitamin A and 25OHD3 levels. The children with stable asthma were further divided into the mild, moderate, and severe groups according to their degree of asthma. A pulmonary function meter was used to assess the pulmonary function indexes: percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 sec/predictive value (FEV1%pred), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 sec/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV). The children's quality (QOL) of life with asthma was evaluated by their activities of daily living (ADLs) and Medical Research Council (MRC) scores. Pearson correlation analysis was applied to analyze the correlations of serum vitamin A and 25OHD3 levels with FEV1%pred, FVC, FEV1/FVC, PEF, MVV, ADL, and MRC. RESULTS Serum vitamin A and 25OHD3 levels were lower in children with stable asthma than those who were in the control group (P < .05). The severe group showed the lowest FEV1%pred, FVC, FEV1/FVC, PEF, MVV, and ADL scores, and the highest MRC score compared to the mild and moderate groups (all P < .05). Serum vitamin A and 25OHD3 levels were positively correlated with pulmonary function and ADL score in children with stable asthma, while serum vitamin A and 25OHD3 levels were negatively correlated with MRC score (all P < .05). In the case group, serum vitamin A and 25OHD3 levels were positively correlated with serum calcium and phosphorus levels (all P < .05). CONCLUSION These findings indicate that increased serum vitamin A and 25OHD3 levels reflect good pulmonary function and good QOL in children with stable asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ru-Jun Dai
- 2nd Department of Pediatric, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, P.R. China
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24
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Pasutto F, Flinter F, Rauch A, Reis A. Novel STRA6 null mutations in the original family described with Matthew-Wood syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 176:134-138. [PMID: 29168296 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pasutto
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frances Flinter
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anita Rauch
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - André Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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25
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Surate Solaligue DE, Rodríguez-Castillo JA, Ahlbrecht K, Morty RE. Recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of late lung development and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L1101-L1153. [PMID: 28971976 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00343.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of lung development is to generate an organ of gas exchange that provides both a thin gas diffusion barrier and a large gas diffusion surface area, which concomitantly generates a steep gas diffusion concentration gradient. As such, the lung is perfectly structured to undertake the function of gas exchange: a large number of small alveoli provide extensive surface area within the limited volume of the lung, and a delicate alveolo-capillary barrier brings circulating blood into close proximity to the inspired air. Efficient movement of inspired air and circulating blood through the conducting airways and conducting vessels, respectively, generates steep oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration gradients across the alveolo-capillary barrier, providing ideal conditions for effective diffusion of both gases during breathing. The development of the gas exchange apparatus of the lung occurs during the second phase of lung development-namely, late lung development-which includes the canalicular, saccular, and alveolar stages of lung development. It is during these stages of lung development that preterm-born infants are delivered, when the lung is not yet competent for effective gas exchange. These infants may develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a syndrome complicated by disturbances to the development of the alveoli and the pulmonary vasculature. It is the objective of this review to update the reader about recent developments that further our understanding of the mechanisms of lung alveolarization and vascularization and the pathogenesis of BPD and other neonatal lung diseases that feature lung hypoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Surate Solaligue
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - José Alberto Rodríguez-Castillo
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Katrin Ahlbrecht
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rory E Morty
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and .,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
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26
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Kardon G, Ackerman KG, McCulley DJ, Shen Y, Wynn J, Shang L, Bogenschutz E, Sun X, Chung WK. Congenital diaphragmatic hernias: from genes to mechanisms to therapies. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:955-970. [PMID: 28768736 PMCID: PMC5560060 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.028365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernias (CDHs) and structural anomalies of the diaphragm are a common class of congenital birth defects that are associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to associated pulmonary hypoplasia, pulmonary hypertension and heart failure. In ∼30% of CDH patients, genomic analyses have identified a range of genetic defects, including chromosomal anomalies, copy number variants and sequence variants. The affected genes identified in CDH patients include transcription factors, such as GATA4, ZFPM2, NR2F2 and WT1, and signaling pathway components, including members of the retinoic acid pathway. Mutations in these genes affect diaphragm development and can have pleiotropic effects on pulmonary and cardiac development. New therapies, including fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion and prenatal transplacental fetal treatments, aim to normalize lung development and pulmonary vascular tone to prevent and treat lung hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension, respectively. Studies of the association between particular genetic mutations and clinical outcomes should allow us to better understand the origin of this birth defect and to improve our ability to predict and identify patients most likely to benefit from specialized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Kardon
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kate G Ackerman
- Departments of Pediatrics (Critical Care) and Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - David J McCulley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Julia Wynn
- Departments of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Linshan Shang
- Departments of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Eric Bogenschutz
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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27
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Ehrhardt H, Zimmer KP. The need for coordination of research activities in pediatric lung diseases. Mol Cell Pediatr 2016; 3:26. [PMID: 27465412 PMCID: PMC4963328 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-016-0060-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Harald Ehrhardt
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Center for Pediatrics and Youth Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Feulgenstr. 12, D-35392, Gießen, Germany.
| | - Klaus-Peter Zimmer
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Center for Pediatrics and Youth Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Feulgenstr. 12, D-35392, Gießen, Germany
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