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Cesanelli L, Venckunas T, Ylaitė B, Streckis V, Kamandulis S, Degens H, Satkunskiene D. Discipline-specific Torque-Velocity Profiles and Musculotendinous Morphology in Athletes. JOURNAL OF MUSCULOSKELETAL & NEURONAL INTERACTIONS 2024; 24:127-138. [PMID: 38825995 PMCID: PMC11145326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare torque-velocity profiles, muscle architecture, tendon dimensions, and bilateral-symmetry between competitive cyclists (CY), competitive runners (RN), ice-hockey players (IH), basketball players (BP), and physically-active individuals (CN) (n=10 for each group). METHODS Vastus lateralis (VL) muscle and patellar tendon (PT) structures were determined with B-mode ultrasonography, and maximal knee extensor isokinetic torque was assessed at three different velocities. RESULTS Optimal torque and velocity were lower in runners than CY, BP and IH (p<0.05). Maximal power was similar between the athlete groups but greater than CN (p<0.05). Furthermore, RN and BP reached their peak-torque at longer muscle lengths compared to IH and CY (p<0.05). RN had the lowest VL muscle thickness and the greatest fascicle length, while CY had the greatest pennation angle (p<0.05). CY had the greatest PT thickness, particularly at the proximal and medial sites, while BP at the distal point (p<0.05), with similar trends observed for PT cross-sectional-area. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that even if power generating capacity is similar between athletic disciplines, there are discipline-specific muscle adaptations, where particularly runners appear to have muscles adapted for speed rather than torque development, while in cyclists, velocity is sacrificed for torque development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Cesanelli
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Tomas Venckunas
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Berta Ylaitė
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Streckis
- Deparment of Coaching Science, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Sigitas Kamandulis
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Hans Degens
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Danguole Satkunskiene
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Martin C, Lieb A, Tokish J, Shanely E, Kluzek S, Collins G, Bullock G. Initial versus Subsequent Injury and Illness and Temporal Trends Among Professional Hockey Players. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2024; 19:215-226. [PMID: 38313661 PMCID: PMC10837818 DOI: 10.26603/001c.92309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Research is limited investigating injuries/illness incidence among National Hockey League (NHL) players. This study sought to establish injury/illness incidence, initial versus subsequent injury risk among NHL players, and determine temporal trends of injury and illness incidence. Hypothesis Variations in injury incidence by body region, and initial versus subsequent injury would be observed among positions. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods Publicly available data were utilized. NHL players 18 years or older between 2007-2008 to 2018-2019 were included. Injury and illness was stratified by position and body segment. Incidence rate (IR), and initial versus subsequent injury and illness risk ratios were calculated. Temporal trends were reported. Results Nine thousand, seven-hundred and thirty four injuries and illnesses were recorded. Centers had the highest overall IR at 15.14 per 1000 athlete game exposures (AGEs) (95%CI:15.12-15.15) and were 1.4 times more likely to sustain a subsequent injury compared to other positions. The groin/hip/thigh was the most commonly injured body region with an IR of 1.14 per 1000 AGEs (95%CI:1.06-1.21), followed by the head/neck (0.72 per 1000 AGEs, 95%CI:0.66-0.78). Combined injury and illness IR peaked in 2009-2010 season at 12.01 (95%CI: 11.22-12.79). The groin/hip/thigh demonstrated peak incidence during the 2007-2008 season (2.53, 95%CI:2.17-2.90); head/neck demonstrated a peak incidence in 2010-2011 season (Overall: 1.03, 95%CI:0.81-1.26). Injuries reported as 'lower body' increased over time. Conclusions Positional differences were observed; centers demonstrated the highest overall IR, and subsequent injury risk. Injury by body region was similar to previous literature. Head/neck and concussion decreased over time supporting rule changes in body checking and visor wear. Clinicians should be aware that 'lower body' injuries increased over time; therefore, injuries to the groin/hip/thigh or knee are likely underreported. Level of Evidence Level 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Martin
- Epidemiology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Kluzek
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis University of Oxford
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford
- University of Nottingham
| | - Gary Collins
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - Garrett Bullock
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis University of Oxford
- School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Wake Forest University
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Cattaneo M, Ramponi C, Thorborg K. What is the Injury Incidence and Profile in Professional Male Ice Hockey? A Systematic Review. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2024; 19:1398-1409. [PMID: 38179586 PMCID: PMC10761628 DOI: 10.26603/001c.90591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Professional male ice hockey is characterized by a congested in-season match schedule and by different scenarios where the whole body is exposed to great internal and external forces. Consequently, injuries occur from head to toe. However, there is a lack of data synthesis regarding the injury incidence and profile in this population. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review to quantify the injury incidence rates in professional male ice hockey. STUDY DESIGN Systematic Review. METHODS The electronic databases PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, ProQuest-Sport medicine & Education Index, and Pro-Quest Dissertation and Thesis were searched utilizing terms related to ice hockey and injuries. Studies were included if they provided the incidence of injury in professional male hockey players and reported injuries in terms of time lost. The modified Newcastle Ottawa Scale for cohort studies and the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology - Sports Injury and Illness Surveillance Statement were used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. RESULTS Eleven studies were included in the review. Match injury incidence ranged from 38 to 88.6 injuries/1000 hours of exposure, whereas training injury incidence varied from 0.4 to 2.6 injuries/1000 hours of exposure. Injuries of traumatic origin accounted for 76% to 96.6% of all injuries, with contusions and lacerations being the most common. Severe injuries accounted for 7.8% - 20% of all injuries. The lower extremities were the most susceptible to injury, comprising 27% to 53.7% of all reported injuries. CONCLUSION Professional male ice hockey players are exposed to a substantial risk of injury during competitions, with lower extremities being the most commonly affected body part. The majority of injuries are traumatic and severe injuries account for a notable portion of overall injury cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cattaneo
- DEASS University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland
- Hockey Club Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Ramponi
- Physiotherapy Università Campus Bio-Medico
- Physiotherapy University of Padua
- Kiné Rehab Center, Treviso, Italy
| | - Kristian Thorborg
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Copenhagen University Hospital
- Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Research-Copenhagen Copenhagen University Hospital
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Höllerer D, Kaiser P, Runer A, Steiner E, Koidl C, Arora R, Schneider F. Injury Incidence, Outcomes, and Return to Competition Times after Sports-Related Concussions during One Professional Ice Hockey Season: A Prospective Cohort Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:3153. [PMID: 38132042 PMCID: PMC10742495 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11243153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to analyze the incidence and characteristics of sports-related concussions (SRCs) for a professional ice hockey team during one regular season in the International Central European Hockey League. BACKGROUND Repeated concussions are a common cause of long periods of absence in team contact sports, with a wide range of potential short- and long-term consequences for the affected athlete. Questions mainly regarding early diagnosis and ideal follow-up treatment remain unanswered, especially regarding the timing of return to sports (RTS). METHOD A prospective data analysis for a professional ice hockey team during a regular season was conducted. Firstly, concussions per 1000 athlete exposure (AE) and average time loss due to SRC were calculated. Secondly, the data from ImPACT Applications were analyzed for those players who were diagnosed with an SRC. RESULTS Five SRCs were evaluated during the regular season, which resulted in 1.35 concussions/1000 AEs, a maximum of 17 missed games, and a median of three games per SRC. The average symptom count was 9.6, with the most common symptoms being headache, sensitivity to light, and dizziness. CONCLUSIONS SRCs sustained in professional ice hockey are a common in-competition injury, while practices play a subsidiary role. The duration of RTS is highly individual and can be associated with symptoms lasting days to months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Höllerer
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Peter Kaiser
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- HC TIWAG Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Armin Runer
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- HC TIWAG Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Sports Orthopaedics, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Christian Koidl
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- HC TIWAG Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rohit Arora
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Friedemann Schneider
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- HC TIWAG Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Owattanapanich N, Schellenberg M, Emigh B, Grigorian A, Martin MJ, Inaba K. Two Minutes for Roughing: A National Analysis of Ice Hockey Injuries from American Trauma Centers. Am Surg 2023; 89:5112-5117. [PMID: 36321315 DOI: 10.1177/00031348221136577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hockey is a high-impact sport that carries a risk of injury. No national-level studies defining the burden of injury in this sport have yet been performed. This study sought to analyze patient demographics, injury types and severity, and outcomes after trauma sustained while playing hockey. METHODS Retrospective analysis of hockey-related injuries was performed using the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) (2007-2018). Patients were identified based on ICD-9 and -10 codes without exclusions. Demographics, clinical/injury data, and outcomes were examined using univariate analysis. Subgroup analysis was performed by patient sex. RESULTS Hockey injuries (n = 306) comprised <1% of the NTDB. Median age was 15 years [IQR 13-25] (range 5-71). Most patients (n = 279, 91%) were male. Lower extremities were the most frequently injured body region (n = 88, 29%). Head injuries occurred in 19% (n = 57). Facial injuries occurred in 6% (n = 17). Tooth loss was infrequent (n = 2, 1%). One (<1%) death occurred after a hockey-related brain injury. Clinical/injury data between male and female hockey players were comparable apart from a significantly higher rate of upper extremity fractures among the female cohort (22% vs 4%, P < .001). CONCLUSION Perceptions that hockey players may frequently sustain head, face, and tooth injuries from collisions, fighting, or stick/puck impacts were not supported by this national-level study, in which lower extremity fractures were the most common injury. While hockey injury prevention equipment has primarily focused on head/face protection (eg, helmets and mouthguards), this analysis suggests increased focus on extremity protective measures is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthida Owattanapanich
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, LAC+USC Medical Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Morgan Schellenberg
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, LAC+USC Medical Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brent Emigh
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, LAC+USC Medical Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Areg Grigorian
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, LAC+USC Medical Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew J Martin
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, LAC+USC Medical Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kenji Inaba
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, LAC+USC Medical Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Edouard P, Reurink G, Mackey AL, Lieber RL, Pizzari T, Järvinen TAH, Gronwald T, Hollander K. Traumatic muscle injury. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2023; 9:56. [PMID: 37857686 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-023-00469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic muscle injury represents a collection of skeletal muscle pathologies caused by trauma to the muscle tissue and is defined as damage to the muscle tissue that can result in a functional deficit. Traumatic muscle injury can affect people across the lifespan and can result from high stresses and strains to skeletal muscle tissue, often due to muscle activation while the muscle is lengthening, resulting in indirect and non-contact muscle injuries (strains or ruptures), or from external impact, resulting in direct muscle injuries (contusion or laceration). At a microscopic level, muscle fibres can repair focal damage but must be completely regenerated after full myofibre necrosis. The diagnosis of muscle injury is based on patient history and physical examination. Imaging may be indicated to eliminate differential diagnoses. The management of muscle injury has changed within the past 5 years from initial rest, immobilization and (over)protection to early activation and progressive loading using an active approach. One challenge of muscle injury management is that numerous medical treatment options, such as medications and injections, are often used or proposed to try to accelerate muscle recovery despite very limited efficacy evidence. Another challenge is the prevention of muscle injury owing to the multifactorial and complex nature of this injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Edouard
- Université Jean Monnet, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, Saint-Etienne, France.
- Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Sports Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Etienne, France.
| | - Gustaaf Reurink
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Academic Center for Evidence-based Sports Medicine (ACES), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- The Sports Physicians Group, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Abigail L Mackey
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Richard L Lieber
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
- Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Hines VA Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Tania Pizzari
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tero A H Järvinen
- Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Thomas Gronwald
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karsten Hollander
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Weith M, Junge A, Rolvien T, Kluge S, Hollander K. Epidemiology of injuries and illnesses in elite wheelchair basketball players over a whole season - a prospective cohort study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:84. [PMID: 37452362 PMCID: PMC10347731 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00692-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheelchair basketball is an adaptation of pedestrian basketball and one of the most popular Paralympic sports worldwide. The epidemiology of health problems in wheelchair basketball has been prospectively studied only during the Paralympic Games, the 2018 World Championships, the 2021 South America Wheelchair Basketball Championship, and one season of two American intercollegiate wheelchair basketball teams. The objective of the study was to prospectively monitor and analyze the prevalence, incidence, burden, and characteristics of injuries and illnesses in a wheelchair basketball league during an entire season for the first time. METHODS All players of the highest German wheelchair basketball league (Bundesliga) were invited to participate in the study. Included players completed the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire once a week during the entire season 2020/21 to report health problems. Exposure was captured by self-reported training time and officially-recorded competition time. RESULTS Sixty of 117 players (51%, 47 male, 13 female) of the national league participated with an average response of 93%. Seventy health problems (5.5/1000 exposure hours [95% CI: 4.9-6.1]) were reported, including 54 injuries and 16 illnesses. Prevalence of health problems was 60% (95% CI: 48-72). Most injuries affected the shoulder (32% of all injuries), cervical spine/neck (17%), and hand (13%). More overuse injuries (2.9/1000 exposure hours [95% CI: 2.5-3.3]) than acute injuries (1.3/1000 exposure hours [95% CI: 1.0-1.6]) occurred. Of all health problems, 53% were associated with time-loss. The incidences of all health problems, illnesses, injuries, and overuse injuries were higher in women than in men. CONCLUSIONS Characteristics and frequency of injuries and illnesses during wheelchair basketball season differed from those during major wheelchair basketball tournaments. The high proportion of overuse injuries and the higher injury rates in women should be regarded in the development of individualized prevention measures. Since results from previous studies during major tournaments are only partially comparable to wheelchair basketball league play, further studies should follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Weith
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg, 20246 Germany
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn, 53127 Germany
| | - Astrid Junge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, Hamburg, 20457 Germany
- Center for Health in Performing Arts, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, Hamburg, 20457 Germany
| | - Tim Rolvien
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg, 20246 Germany
| | - Sascha Kluge
- Zentrum für Rehabilitationsmedizin, BG Klinikum Hamburg, Bergedorfer Straße 10, Hamburg, 21033 Germany
| | - Karsten Hollander
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, Hamburg, 20457 Germany
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Bleakley C, Netterström-Wedin F. Does mechanical loading restore ligament biomechanics after injury? A systematic review of studies using animal models. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:511. [PMID: 37349749 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06653-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical loading is purported to restore ligament biomechanics post-injury. But this is difficult to corroborate in clinical research when key ligament tissue properties (e.g. strength, stiffness), cannot be accurately measured. We reviewed experimental animal models, to evaluate if post-injury loading restores tissue biomechanics more favourably than immobilisation or unloading. Our second objective was to explore if outcomes are moderated by loading parameters (e.g. nature, magnitude, duration, frequency of loading). METHODS Electronic and supplemental searches were performed in April 2021 and updated in May 2023. We included controlled trials using injured animal ligament models, where at least one group was subjected to a mechanical loading intervention postinjury. There were no restrictions on the dose, time of initiation, intensity, or nature of the load. Animals with concomitant fractures or tendon injuries were excluded. Prespecified primary and secondary outcomes were force/stress at ligament failure, stiffness, laxity/deformation. The Systematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation tool was used to assess the risk of bias. RESULTS There were seven eligible studies; all had a high risk of bias. All studies used surgically induced injury to the medial collateral ligament of the rat or rabbit knee. Three studies recorded large effects in favour of ad libitum loading postinjury (vs. unloading), for force at failure and stiffness at 12-week follow up. However, loaded ligaments had greater laxity at initial recruitment (vs. unloaded) at 6 and 12 weeks postinjury. There were trends from two studies that adding structured exercise intervention (short bouts of daily swimming) to ad libitum activity further enhances ligament behaviour under high loads (force at failure, stiffness). Only one study compared different loading parameters (e.g. type, frequency); reporting that an increase in loading duration (from 5 to 15 min/day) had minimal effect on biomechanical outcomes. CONCLUSION There is preliminary evidence that post-injury loading results in stronger, stiffer ligament tissue, but has a negative effect on low load extensibility. Findings are preliminary due to high risk of bias in animal models, and the optimal loading dose for healing ligaments remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Bleakley
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Ulster University, Jordanstown campus, Newtownabbey, UK
| | - Fredh Netterström-Wedin
- Division of Public Health Science, School of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden.
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Zilles G, Grim C, Wegener F, Engelhardt M, Hotfiel T, Hoppe MW. [Groin pain in sports games: a systematic review]. SPORTVERLETZUNG SPORTSCHADEN : ORGAN DER GESELLSCHAFT FUR ORTHOPADISCH-TRAUMATOLOGISCHE SPORTMEDIZIN 2023; 37:18-36. [PMID: 36878218 DOI: 10.1055/a-1912-4642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In sports games, epidemiological data show that groin pain is relatively common and can lead to repeated loss of time. Consequently, it is essential to be aware of the evidence-based prevention strategies. The aim of this systematic review was to examine risk factors and prevention strategies for groin pain and to rank them based on their evidence in sports games. METHODS The review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines, using a PICO-scheme in the PubMed, Web of Science and SPOLIT databases. We included all available intervention and observational studies on the influence of risk factors and prevention strategies on groin pain in sports games. The methodological quality and level of evidence was assessed using the PEDro-Scale and OCEBM model, respectively. Finally, the quantity, quality and level of evidence was used to rank each risk factor for its grade. RESULTS Moderate evidence was found for four risk factors that significantly influence the risk of groin pain: male sex, previous groin pain, hip adductor strength and not participating in the FIFA 11+ Kids. Moreover, moderate evidence was found for the following non-significant risk factors: older age, body height and weight, higher BMI, body fat percentage, playing position, leg dominance, training exposure, reduced hip abduction, adduction, extension, flexion, and internal rotation-ROM, hip flexor strength, hip abductor, adductor, flexor and core strengthening with balance exercises, clinical hip mobility tests and physical capacities. CONCLUSION The identified risk factors can be considered when developing prevention strategies to reduce the risk of groin pain in sports games. Thereby, not only the significant, but also the non-significant risk factors should be considered for prioritisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Zilles
- Bewegungs- und Trainingswissenschaft, Sportwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, GERMANY
| | - Casper Grim
- Osnabrücker Zentrum für Muskuloskelettale Chirurgie, Klinikum Osnabrück, Osnabrück, GERMANY
| | - Florian Wegener
- Bewegungs- und Trainingswissenschaft, Sportwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, GERMANY
| | - Martin Engelhardt
- Osnabrücker Zentrum für Muskuloskelettale Chirurgie, Klinikum Osnabrück, Osnabrück, GERMANY
| | - Thilo Hotfiel
- Osnabrücker Zentrum für Muskuloskelettale Chirurgie, Klinikum Osnabrück, Osnabrück, GERMANY
| | - Matthias Wilhelm Hoppe
- Bewegungs- und Trainingswissenschaft, Sportwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, GERMANY
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Kurz E, Bloch H, Buchholz I, Maier D, Praetorius A, Seyler S, Standtke S, Achenbach L. Assessment of return to play after an acute shoulder injury: protocol for an explorative prospective observational German multicentre study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e067073. [PMID: 36737084 PMCID: PMC9900062 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To date, there is no valid single test or battery of tests for informing return-to-play (RTP) decisions following an acute shoulder injury. The purpose of this exploratory study is to evaluate a diagnostic test battery based on a Delphi consensus at the time of unrestricted return to team training after acute shoulder injury. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Data for this prospective multicentre cohort study are collected at two measurement time points: when the respective physician clears the patient for RTP (t1) and 12 months after RTP (t2). The study participants are 18-35 years old athletes participating at a professional level in the following team sports: handball, basketball, ice hockey, soccer, volleyball and American football. Maximum comparability will be ensured via uninjured matched pair teammates. To assess the subjective assessment of shoulder functioning and the athlete's readiness to RTP, patient-reported outcome measures (Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index, Quick-Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand, Psychological Readiness of Injured Athlete to Return to Sport and Shoulder Instability-Return to Sport after Injury) will be completed. After a medical check-up with a range of motion and anthropometric measurements as well as clinical tests, the participants will perform a structured warm-up protocol. The functional tests comprise handgrip strength, upper quarter Y-balance test, isometric strength, closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test, wall hop test, functional throwing performance index and the unilateral seated shot put test and isokinetic tests. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The results of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and scientific presentations at national and international conferences. Ethical approval was obtained through the Institutional Review Board of Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg (reference number: 2022-016). TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER DRKS00028265.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Kurz
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle-Wittenberg Medizinische Fakultat, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Hendrik Bloch
- Department for Sports Injury Prevention, German Social Accident Insurance VBG, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Ines Buchholz
- Department Insurance | Benefits (Section Planning Control, Quality Assurance, Benefits), German Social Accident Insurance VBG, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Maier
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Leonard Achenbach
- Department of Orthopedics, König-Ludwig-Haus, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Epidemiology of Rink Hockey-Related Injuries. J Sport Rehabil 2023; 32:70-75. [PMID: 35894884 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2021-0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Determining the rate of injuries related to a certain sport is accepted as the primary step toward designing, implementing, and evaluating injury prevention programs. The aim of this study was to examine the injuries sustained by semiprofessional Spanish rink hockey players and to compare data per playing position. DESIGN Observational and retrospective. METHODS Athletes from 21 teams were surveyed via a self-reported questionnaire to screen for incidence, injury burden, location, tissue, and onset of injuries. RESULTS Overall, 101 time loss injuries were reported across 22,241 hours of exposure, giving rise to an incidence rate of 4.5/1000 hours. The main body regions injured were the hip/groin, shoulder, thigh, and head, accounting altogether for 47.5% of all injuries. Musculotendinous injuries were the most frequent, comprising 27.7% of all injuries. Incidence accounted for 3.1/1000 hours during training and 23/1000 hours during games (P < .001). A high number of injuries were caused by contact (46.5%). No differences were found for any of the variables analyzed between outfield players and goalkeepers. CONCLUSION The injury incidence in rink hockey is moderate, occurring mainly due to a contact mechanism. Preventative measurements should be implemented in rink hockey with a special concern for injuries affecting the hip/groin and head.
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Scheidt S, Zapatka J, Freytag RJ, Pohlentz MS, Paci M, Kabir K, Burger C, Cucchi D. The German version of the Nottingham Clavicle Score is a reliable and valid patient-reported outcome measure to evaluate patients with clavicle and acromioclavicular pathologies. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2022; 31:1932-1939. [PMID: 36036271 PMCID: PMC10090004 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-022-07129-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Nottingham Clavicle Score (NCS) is a patient-reported outcome measure developed to evaluate treatment results of clavicle, acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joint pathologies. Valid, reliable and user-friendly translations of outcome measure instruments are needed to allow comparisons of international results. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to translate and adapt the NCS into German and evaluate the psychometric properties of the German version. METHODS The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the NCS were completed using a 'translation-back translation" method and the final version was administered to 105 German-speaking patients. The psychometric properties of this version (NCS-G) were evaluated in terms of feasibility, reliability, validity and sensitivity to change. RESULTS No major differences occurred between the NCS translations into German and back into English, and no content- or linguistic-related difficulties were reported. The Cronbach's alpha for the NCS-G was 0.885, showing optimal internal consistency. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient for test-retest reliability was 0.907 (95% CI 0.844-0.945), with a standard error of measurement of 5.59 points and a minimal detectable change of 15.50 points. The NCS-G showed moderate to strong correlation with all other investigated scales (Spearman correlation coefficient: qDASH: ρ = - 0.751; OSS: ρ = 0.728; Imatani Score: ρ = 0.646; CMS: ρ = 0.621; VAS: ρ = - 0.709). Good sensitivity to change was confirmed by an effect size of 1.17 (95% CI 0.89-1.47) and a standardized response mean of 1.23 (95% CI 0.98-1.45). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that NCS-G is reliable, valid, reproducible and well accepted by patients, showing analogous psychometric properties to the original English version. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Scheidt
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jakob Zapatka
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Richard Julius Freytag
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Malin Sarah Pohlentz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Helios Klinikum Bonn/Rhein-Sieg, Von-Hompesch-Str. 1, 53123, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matteo Paci
- Unit of Functional Rehabilitation, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Via di San Salvi, 12, Firenze, Italy
| | - Koroush Kabir
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.,Centre of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Sport Medicine, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Heusnerstraße 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Christof Burger
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Davide Cucchi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
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Yamaguchi T, Kubota M, Naruse H, Kuwatsuru K, Miyazaki T. Injuries and Illnesses Observed in Athletes from Beginner to Elite Levels at the 18th National Sports Festival for Persons with Disabilities in Japan. Prog Rehabil Med 2021; 6:20210032. [PMID: 34514182 PMCID: PMC8385550 DOI: 10.2490/prm.20210032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives : This study aimed to describe the injuries and illnesses that occurred at the 18th
National Sports Festival for Persons with Disabilities in Japan, which was attended by
more than 3000 athletes from beginner to elite levels. Methods : Records from medical stations set up at the venues for each sport were reviewed. The
incidence rates (IRs) were calculated as the number of medical station visits per 1000
athlete-days. The backgrounds of injuries and illnesses were investigated. Results : In total, 3277 athletes attended the festival, and 134 eligible medical station
visits were analyzed. Overall, 102 athletes complained of injuries. For the whole
schedule of the festival, IRs were 15.5 for injuries and illnesses and 11.8 for injuries
alone. For injuries and illnesses, high IRs were seen in soccer (39.8), basketball
(25.6), and foot baseball (22.4); for injuries alone, high IRs were also seen in soccer
(33.6), basketball (25.6), and foot baseball (16.8). The most frequent symptoms were
internal symptoms (n=32), contusions (n=30), and wounds (n=24). Joint sprains occurred
in various sports, whereas muscle strains happened mainly in disciplines demanding
sprinting or high agility. Of the 55 cases that occurred during events or public
rehearsals, 45 were traumatic, whereas the relation to sports activities was not
described in 51 cases. Of participants with internal symptoms, 11 were suggested to have
viral infections. We identified 21 injuries caused by falls. Conclusions : Minor trauma and viral infection were the most frequently observed symptoms among
injuries and illnesses, respectively. Structured medical records and organized
surveillance systems should be utilized to improve data collection and understand the
onset of injury and illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Yamaguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kubota
- Department of Physical Therapy; Graduate Course of Rehabilitation Science; School of Health Sciences; College of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa; Japan
| | - Hiroaki Naruse
- Division of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | | | - Tsuyoshi Miyazaki
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
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