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Manikandan R, Thomas J. Sustainable Approaches in Green Synthesis of Silica Nanoparticles Using Extracts of Chlorella and Its Application. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-04949-9. [PMID: 38662321 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-04949-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles, also known as SiO2 nanoparticles, have wider applications in biomedical, building, water treatment, agriculture, and food industries. It is used as an anticaking agent in the food industry, used to remove heavy metals from water, and used in cement-based materials. SiO2 nanoparticles synthesized by physical and chemical methods require high energy and use of toxic chemicals which is quite expensive, have a greater impact causing health-related issues, and have environmental side effects. Hence, there is a need to synthesize nanoparticles in an eco-friendly way. The biological or green synthesis method uses microbes, such as bacteria, fungi, algae, and plants for synthesizing nanoparticles. Algae contain natural biochemicals that act as reducing agents. These biomolecules are non-toxic as they are naturally occurring compounds and can be used to fabricate nanoparticles by avoiding the use of toxic chemicals in an eco-friendly method. In this study, silica nanoparticles were synthesized by green synthesis methods using microalgae extract. Further, the green synthesized silica nanoparticles were characterized using ultra violet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy, Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). The antimicrobial activity of the silica nanoparticles against E. coli was studied. This study revealed that the nanoparticles can be synthesized using green synthesis methods with low cost, less toxic chemicals, eco-friendly, and have antimicrobial activity against E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragul Manikandan
- Division of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jibu Thomas
- Division of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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2
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Fan J, Du X, Zhao H, Yao W. Allelochemicals-mediated interaction between algae and bacteria: Direct and indirect contact. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 398:130525. [PMID: 38437966 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites with bioactivity are allelochemicals. This study adopted direct contact (R0) and indirect contact (separated by 0.45 µm membrane, R1-A for algae, R1-S for sludge) to reveal the role of metabolites especially allelochemicals on interaction of bacteria and algae. Direct contact exhibited better nutrients removal than indirect contact, due to less antibacterial allelochemicals and oxidative stress. Bacterial signaling molecules were not detected. The major algae-derived allelochemicals were 13-Docosenamide, 9-Octadecenamide, n-Hexadecanoic acid, erucic acid, octadecanoic acid, β-sitosterol, and E,E,Z-1,3,12-Nonadecatriene-5,14-diol. Furthermore, presence of 13-Docosenamide and 9-Octadecenamide was associated with succession of Flavobacterium and suppression of nitrifying bacteria (Nitrosomonas, Ellin6067, and Nitrospira). Direct contact stimulated denitrifying bacteria Saccharimonadales and algae Scenedesmus, whereas indirect contact is friendly to Dechloromonas, Competibacter, nitrifying bacteria, algae Desmodesmus and Dictyosphaerium. This study highlights the essentiality of cell contact of bacteria-algae in establishing synergy, as cell contact mitigates antagonistic effect induced by metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fan
- College of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Xingyu Du
- College of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Huangbo Zhao
- College of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Weiguo Yao
- Center for commercialization of scientific and technological achievements, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Mohanty SS, Mohanty K. Valorization of Chlorella thermophila biomass cultivated in dairy wastewater for biopesticide production against bacterial rice blight: a circular biorefinery approach. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:644. [PMID: 38097976 PMCID: PMC10722807 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04579-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Biopesticides offer a sustainable and efficient alternative to synthetic pesticides, providing a safer and more eco-friendly solution to pest management. The present work proposes an innovative approach that integrates crop protection and wastewater treatment using thermophilic microalgal strain Chlorella thermophila (CT) cultivated in nutrient-rich dairy wastewater as a growth medium. The microalgae was cultivated mixotrophically and was able to reduce both organic carbon as well as nutrient load of the dairy wastewater efficiently. The integrated circular biorefinery approach combines biomass cultivation, extraction of biopesticide compounds, and conversion to biocrude. The antimicrobial activity of the biopesticidal extracts against Xanthomonas oryzae and Pantoea agglomerans, the causative agent of bacterial rice blight, is assessed through in vitro studies. The biomass extract obtained is able to inhibit the growth of both the above-mentioned plant pathogens successfully. Mass spectroscopy analysis indicates the presence of Neophytadiene that has previously been reported for the inhibition of several pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Several other value-added products such as linoleic acid and nervonic acids were also been detected in the microalgal biomass which have extremely high nutraceutical and medicinal values. Furthermore, the study investigates the potential for co-production of biocrude from the biorefinery process via hydrothermal liquefaction. Overall, the findings of this present work represent an innovative and sustainable approach that combines wastewater treatment and crop protection using microalgal biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Sundar Mohanty
- School of Energy Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kaustubha Mohanty
- School of Energy Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India.
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Younis HM, Hussein HA, Khaphi FL, Saeed ZK. Green biosynthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles using Teak ( Tectona grandis) leaf extract and its anticancer and antimicrobial activity. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21698. [PMID: 38027825 PMCID: PMC10663833 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) utilizing a green path is eco-friendly and profitable compared to traditional physical and chemical techniques. This research conducted a green synthesis of gold NPs (AuNPs) and silver NPs (AgNPs) using an extract of Teak (Tectona grandis) and their anticancer and anti-microbial activities. Various techniques like transmission-electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy, thermal-gravimetric analyses (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to analyze synthesized AuNPs and AgNPs. The effects of different factors like the amount of extract used, solution pH, and contact time were measured to obtain the best possible conditions for synthesizing NPs. The AgNPs showed significant anticancer activity against HepG2 with an IC50 of 6.17 mg/ml compared to Teak extract (>50 mg/ml) and AuNPs (44.1 mg/ml), while AuNPs (6 % Teak extract and 2.9 × 10-3 M HAuCl4) showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli with an inhibition zone of 11 mm, 12 mm, 12.5 mm, and 15.5 mm, respectively as compared to other treatments. These findings confirmed the medical applications of AuNPs and AgNPs and might open new possibilities in this field.
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Hussein HA, Khaphi FL. The Apoptotic Activity of Curcumin Against Oral Cancer Cells Without Affecting Normal Cells in Comparison to Paclitaxel Activity. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:5019-5033. [PMID: 37032374 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04454-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Until now, chemotherapy, which has a series of side effects, has been the most widely employed treatment for different types of cancer. However, bioactive products have been utilized as alternative medicines for tumors due to their bioactivities with low or no side effects in normal cells. This research reported for the first time that curcumin (CUR) and paclitaxel (PTX) have significant anti-cancer activity against normal human gingival fibroblast (HGF) and tongue squamous cell carcinoma fibroblast (TSCCF) cell lines. The results showed that CUR (13.85 µg mL-1) and PTX (8.17 µg mL-1) significantly inhibited TSCCF cell viability, with no significant effect on normal HGF cells. SEM showed morphological changes in cells treated with CUR and PTX, especially with TSCCF cells, compared to HGF normal cells. For TSCCF, the results showed the highest necrosis was achieved with CUR (58.8%) and PTX (39%) as compared to the control (2.99%). For normal HGF cells, the highest early and late apoptosis was achieved with PTX. Further, DCFH-DA analyses showed no significant ROS stimulation in TSCCF and HGF cell lines treated with CUR and PTX. The 1H NMR analysis results show the presence of methoxy and hydroxyl groups and aromatic hydrogens in the CUR structure. In conclusion, the results confirmed that CUR is more specific to the oral cancer cells but not normal cells by inducing apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with decreased TSCCF cell viability, and the cytotoxicity of CUR and PTX is not through the ROS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Ali Hussein
- College of Dentistry, University of Basrah 61004, Basic Science Branch, Al-Bara'iyah Street, Al-Sadir Teaching Hospital, Basrah city, 61001, Basrah, Iraq.
| | - Fatin L Khaphi
- College of Dentistry, University of Basrah 61004, Basic Science Branch, Al-Bara'iyah Street, Al-Sadir Teaching Hospital, Basrah city, 61001, Basrah, Iraq
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Ferdous UT, Nurdin A, Ismail S, Balia Yusof ZN. Evaluation of the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of crude extracts from marine Chlorella sp. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wang D, Unsal T, Kumseranee S, Punpruk S, Saleh MA, Alotaibi MD, Xu D, Gu T. Mitigation of carbon steel biocorrosion using a green biocide enhanced by a nature-mimicking anti-biofilm peptide in a flow loop. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:67. [PMID: 38647577 PMCID: PMC10992070 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00553-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocorrosion, also called microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), is a common operational threat to many industrial processes. It threatens carbon steel, stainless steel and many other metals. In the bioprocessing industry, reactor vessels in biomass processing and bioleaching are prone to MIC. MIC is caused by biofilms. The formation and morphology of biofilms can be impacted by fluid flow. Fluid velocity affects biocide distribution and MIC. Thus, assessing the efficacy of a biocide for the mitigation of MIC under flow condition is desired before a field trial. In this work, a benchtop closed flow loop bioreactor design was used to investigate the biocide mitigation of MIC of C1018 carbon steel at 25 °C for 7 days using enriched artificial seawater. An oilfield biofilm consortium was analyzed using metagenomics. The biofilm consortium was grown anaerobically in the flow loop which had a holding vessel for the culture medium and a chamber to hold C1018 carbon steel coupons. Peptide A (codename) was a chemically synthesized cyclic 14-mer (cys-ser-val-pro-tyr-asp-tyr-asn-trp-tyr-ser-asn-trp-cys) with its core 12-mer sequence originated from a biofilm dispersing protein secreted by a sea anemone which possesses a biofilm-free exterior. It was used as a biocide enhancer. The combination of 50 ppm (w/w) THPS (tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfate) biocide + 100 nM (180 ppb by mass) Peptide A resulted in extra 1-log reduction in the sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) sessile cell count and the acid producing bacteria (APB) sessile cell count compared to 50 ppm THPS alone treatment. Furthermore, with the enhancement of 100 nM Peptide A, extra 44% reduction in weight loss and 36% abatement in corrosion pit depth were achieved compared to 50 ppm THPS alone treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- Shenyang National Lab for Materials Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Tuba Unsal
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Corrosion and Multiphase Technology, Ohio University, Athens, 45701, USA
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Management, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34134, Turkey
| | | | | | - Mazen A Saleh
- Research and Development Center, Saudi Arabian Oil Company, Dhahran, 31311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed D Alotaibi
- Research and Development Center, Saudi Arabian Oil Company, Dhahran, 31311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dake Xu
- Shenyang National Lab for Materials Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Tingyue Gu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Corrosion and Multiphase Technology, Ohio University, Athens, 45701, USA.
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Hussein HA, Kassim MNI, Maulidiani M, Abas F, Abdullah MA. Cytotoxicity and 1H NMR metabolomics analyses of microalgal extracts for synergistic application with Tamoxifen on breast cancer cells with reduced toxicity against Vero cells. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09192. [PMID: 35846482 PMCID: PMC9280575 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the cytotoxic activity of Tamoxifen (TMX), an anti-estrogen drug, with microalgal crude extracts (MCEs) in single and synergistic application (TMX-MCEs) on MCF-7 and 4T1 breast cancer cells, and non-cancerous Vero cells. The MCEs of Nannochloropsis oculata, Tetraselmis suecica and Chlorella sp. from five different solvents (methanol, MET; ethanol, ETH; water, W; chloroform, CHL; and hexane, HEX) were developed. The TMX-MCEs-ETH and W at the 1:2 and 1:3 ratios, attained IC50 of 15.84-29.51 μg/mL against MCF-7; 13.8-31.62 μg/mL against 4T1; and 24.54-85.11 μg/mL against Vero cells. Higher late apoptosis was exhibited against MCF-7 by the TMX-N. oculata-ETH (41.15 %); and by the TMX-T. suecica-ETH (65.69 %) against 4T1 cells. The TMX-T. suecica-ETH also showed higher ADP/ATP ratios, but comparable Caspase activities to control. For Vero cells, overall apoptotic effects were lowered with synergistic application, and only early apoptosis was higher with TMX-T. suecica-ETH but at lower levels (29.84 %). The MCEs-W showed the presence of alanine, oleic acid, linoleic acid, lactic acid, and fumaric acid. Based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the spectral signals for polar solvents such as MET and ETH, were found in the same cluster, while the non-polar solvent CHL was with HEX, suggesting similar chemical profiles clustered for the same polarity. The CHL and HEX were more effective with N. oculata and T. suecica which were of the marine origin, while the ETH and MET were more effective with Chlorella sp., which was of the freshwater origin. The synergistic application of microalgal bioactive compounds with TMX can maintain the cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells whilst reducing the toxicity against non-cancerous Vero cells. These findings will benefit the biopharmaceutical, and functional and healthy food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Ali Hussein
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
- College of Dentistry, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Murni Nur Islamiah Kassim
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - M. Maulidiani
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azmuddin Abdullah
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
- SIBCo Medical and Pharmaceuticals Sdn. Bhd., No. 2, Level 5, Jalan Tengku Ampuan Zabedah, D9/D, Seksyen 9, 40000 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Shaima AF, Mohd Yasin NH, Ibrahim N, Takriff MS, Gunasekaran D, Ismaeel MY. Unveiling antimicrobial activity of microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana (UKM2), Chlorella sp. (UKM8) and Scenedesmus sp. (UKM9). Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:1043-1052. [PMID: 35197773 PMCID: PMC8848016 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae represent promising sources of bioactive compounds for pharmaceutical and industrial applications. The emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria leads to the need to explore new cost-effective, safe, and potent bioactive compounds from the microalgae. This study aimed to investigate the potential of local microalgae for their antimicrobial properties and bioactive compounds. Three local microalgae namely Chlorella sorokiniana (UKM2), Chlorella sp. UKM8, and Scenedesmus sp. UKM9 biomass methanol extracts (ME) were prepared and tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Chlorella sp. UKM8-ME showed the highest antibacterial activity. UKM8-ME minimum inhibitory concentrations were in the range of 0.312 to 6.25 mg/mL. Cytotoxicity evaluation using MTT assay showed that the microalgae methanolic extracts did not exhibit cytotoxicity against Vero-cells. The UKM8-ME was mainly containing 28 compounds from the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. Major compounds of UKM8-ME included phenol (18.5%), hexadecanoic acid (18.25%), phytol (14.43%), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (13.69%), and bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane (7.23%), which have been previously described to possess antimicrobial activity. Hence, Chlorella sp. (UKM8) methanol extracts showed promising antibacterial activity. More comprehensive studies are required to purify these antimicrobial compounds and develop our understanding on their mechanism in UKM8-ME to unleash their specific potential.
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Hassan S, Meenatchi R, Pachillu K, Bansal S, Brindangnanam P, Arockiaraj J, Kiran GS, Selvin J. Identification and characterization of the novel bioactive compounds from microalgae and cyanobacteria for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. J Basic Microbiol 2022; 62:999-1029. [PMID: 35014044 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae and cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are used as food by humans. They have gained a lot of attention in recent years because of their potential applications in biotechnology. Microalgae and cyanobacteria are good sources of many valuable compounds, including important biologically active compounds with antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities. Under optimal growth condition and stress factors, algal biomass produce varieties of potential bioactive compounds. In the current review, bioactive compounds production and their remarkable applications such as pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications along with processes involved in identification and characterization of the novel bioactive compounds are discussed. Comprehensive knowledge about the exploration, extraction, screening, and trading of bioactive products from microalgae and cyanobacteria and their pharmaceutical and other applications will open up new avenues for drug discovery and bioprospecting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saqib Hassan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India.,Division of Non-Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India
| | - Ramu Meenatchi
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kalpana Pachillu
- Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sonia Bansal
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pownraj Brindangnanam
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,Foundation for Aquaculture Innovation and Technology Transfer (FAITT), Thoraipakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - George Seghal Kiran
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Joseph Selvin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
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Michelon W, da Silva MLB, Matthiensen A, Silva E, Pilau EJ, de Oliveira Nunes E, Soares HM. Microalgae produced during phycoremediation of swine wastewater contains effective bacteriostatic compounds against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:131268. [PMID: 34182646 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the antimicrobial effects of microalgae extracts are commonly reported using algae biomass grown in sterile synthetic mineral medium and controlled laboratory conditions. However, variations in environmental conditions and culture medium composition are known to alter microalgae biochemical structure possibly affecting the type and concentrations of bioactive compounds with antimicrobial properties. In this work, solvent extracts of the microalgae Chlorella spp. were tested for antimicrobial effects against gram-positive and multidrug resistant pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus hyicus, Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus suis. Microalgae was cultivated at field scale open pond reactor using raw swine wastewater as growth substrate. Dichloromethane or methanol were used to obtain the microalgae extracts. Characterization of the extracts by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry revealed the presence of 23 phytochemicals with recognized antimicrobial properties. Bacteriostatic activity was observed in plating assays by formation of inhibition zones ranging from 7 to 18 mm in diameter. Only dichloromethane extracts were inhibitory to all three model bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration assessed for dichloromethane extracts were 0.5 mg mL-1 for Staphylococcus hyicus and Enterococcus faecalis and 0.2 mg mL-1 for Streptococcus suis. Bactericidal effects were not observed using solvent-extracts at 2 or 5 mg L-1. To the best of authors knowledge, this is the first report on the antimicrobial effects of Chlorella spp. extracts against Staphylococcus hyicus and Streptococcus suis. Overall, Chlorella spp. grown on swine wastewater contains several phytochemicals that could be further explored for the treatment of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Michelon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-700, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Evandro Silva
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-080, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Jorge Pilau
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-080, Brazil.
| | | | - Hugo Moreira Soares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-700, Brazil.
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Mehariya S, Goswami RK, Karthikeysan OP, Verma P. Microalgae for high-value products: A way towards green nutraceutical and pharmaceutical compounds. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130553. [PMID: 33940454 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae is a renewable bioresource with the potential to replace the conventional fossil-based industrial production of organic chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Moreover, the microalgal biomass contains carotenoids, vitamins, and other biomolecules that are widely used as food supplements. However, the microalgal biomass production, their composition variations, energy-intensive harvesting methods, optimized bio-refinery routes, and lack of techno-economic analysis are the major bottleneck for the life-sized commercialization of this nascent bio-industry. This review discusses the microalgae-derived key bioactive compounds and their applications in different sectors for human health. Furthermore, this review proposes advanced strategies to enhance the productivity of bioactive compounds and highlight the key challenges associated with a safety issue for use of microalgae biomass. It also provides a detailed global scenario and market demand of microalgal bioproducts. In conclusion, this review will provide the concept of microalgal biorefinery to produce bioactive compounds at industrial scale platform for their application in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical sector considering their current and future market trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeet Mehariya
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Real Casa Dell'Annunziata, Via Roma 29, 81031, Aversa, CE, Italy; Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rahul Kumar Goswami
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, 305817, Rajasthan, India
| | - Obulisamy Parthiba Karthikeysan
- Department of Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, USA.
| | - Pradeep Verma
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, 305817, Rajasthan, India.
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Nano/microparticles in conjunction with microalgae extract as novel insecticides against Mealworm beetles, Tenebrio molitor. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17125. [PMID: 34429471 PMCID: PMC8385078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96426-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The intensive use of insecticides in global agricultural production has attracted much attention due to its many adverse effects on human health and the environment. In recent years, the utilization of nanotechnology has emerged as a tool to overcome these adverse effects. The aim of this work was to test different microparticles (zinc oxide (ZnO MPs) and silicon dioxide microparticles (SiO2 MPs)), and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and to study their toxicity on a model organism, Tenebrio molitor. A comprehensive comparative study, which included more than a thousand mealworms divided into nine separate groups, was conducted. In addition to pure nano/microparticle solutions, the effect of particles mixed with the microalgae extract Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was also observed. Pure Ag NPs and SiO2 MPs resulted in larval mortality of more than 70% compared to that of pure ZnO MPs, in which the mortality rate was approximately 33%. A mixture of the algal extract with zinc oxide microparticles resulted in mortality that was double compared to that observed with pure ZnO MPs. In parallel, atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was used to determine the difference in the concentration of trace elements in the bodies of dead and live larvae.
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Novel drug delivery systems based on silver nanoparticles, hyaluronic acid, lipid nanoparticles and liposomes for cancer treatment. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-02018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Hardi EH, Saptiani G, Nugroho RA, Rahman F, Sulistyawati S, Rahayu W, Supriansyah A, Kusuma IW. Boesenbergia pandurata application in Goldfish ( Cyprinus carpio) Feed to Enhancing Fish Growth, Immunity System, and Resistance to Bacterial Infection. F1000Res 2021; 10:766. [PMID: 34950453 PMCID: PMC8667009 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.52889.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: This study investigated how the inclusion of Boesenbergia pandurata extract (BPE) in goldfish feed affects fish growth, immunity, and resistance to infection by Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Methods: Four fish feeds, were prepared by adding BPE at the concentrations of 0 (control), 2, 4, and 6 g kg-1, respectively, and 120 goldfish (Cyprinus carpio; initial weight 5 g) were separated into 12 boxes and fed with specific pellets and examined thrice. The experiment lasted 12 weeks, beginning with the different feeds, fish growth was measured at Weeks 4 and 8 after the feeding period. Moreover, a challenge test with pathogen bacteria to assay disease resistance was administered at Week 8 after the feeding period, and the survival rate and relative percentage of survival were quantified at Week 12. Results: At Week 8, the goldfish that were fed BPE-containing feeds were significantly heavier than the fish that received the control feed (pellet without BPE), and the highest weight gain, reaching 72.44 g, was obtained with Pellet 3; accordingly, the specific growth rate after BPE treatment (5.7%) was higher than that after control treatment. Conversely, the feed conversion ratio in the control group, 2.03, was higher than the ratios in the BPE groups, which were decreased to 0.55-0.90. Lastly, BPE treatment consistently enhanced the immunity parameters of goldfish (relative to control treatment) at weeks 4 and 8, and following BPE treatment, the rate of resistance against bacterial infection, 68.3%-77.0%, was higher than that after control treatment. Conclusions: BPE addition in goldfish feed clearly produces a positive effect by enhancing fish growth, immunity, and resistance to infection by pathogenic bacteria, and 4 g kg-1 is the optimal BPE concentration in feed prepared for goldfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esti Handayani Hardi
- Microbiology environmental Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Mulawarman University, Samarinda/East Kalimantan, Indonesia, 75123, Indonesia
- Research Center of Medicine and Cosmetic from Tropical Rainforest Resources PUI-PT OKTAL, Mulawarman University, Samarinda/East Kalimantan, Indonesia, 75123, Indonesia
| | - Gina Saptiani
- Microbiology environmental Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Mulawarman University, Samarinda/East Kalimantan, Indonesia, 75123, Indonesia
- Research Center of Medicine and Cosmetic from Tropical Rainforest Resources PUI-PT OKTAL, Mulawarman University, Samarinda/East Kalimantan, Indonesia, 75123, Indonesia
| | - Rudi Agung Nugroho
- Research Center of Medicine and Cosmetic from Tropical Rainforest Resources PUI-PT OKTAL, Mulawarman University, Samarinda/East Kalimantan, Indonesia, 75123, Indonesia
- Department of Biology,Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mulawarman University, Samarinda/East Kalimantan, Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - fadlul Rahman
- Microbiology environmental Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Mulawarman University, Samarinda/East Kalimantan, Indonesia, 75123, Indonesia
| | - Sulistyawati Sulistyawati
- Microbiology environmental Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Mulawarman University, Samarinda/East Kalimantan, Indonesia, 75123, Indonesia
| | - Widyaningsih Rahayu
- Microbiology environmental Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Mulawarman University, Samarinda/East Kalimantan, Indonesia, 75123, Indonesia
| | - Ali Supriansyah
- Microbiology environmental Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Mulawarman University, Samarinda/East Kalimantan, Indonesia, 75123, Indonesia
| | - Irawan Wijaya Kusuma
- Research Center of Medicine and Cosmetic from Tropical Rainforest Resources PUI-PT OKTAL, Mulawarman University, Samarinda/East Kalimantan, Indonesia, 75123, Indonesia
- Forestry, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, 75123, Indonesia
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Hardi EH, Saptiani G, Nugroho RA, Rahman F, Sulistyawati S, Rahayu W, Supriansyah A, Kusuma IW. Boesenbergia pandurata application in Goldfish ( Cyprinus carpio) Feed to Enhancing Fish Growth, Immunity System, and Resistance to Bacterial Infection. F1000Res 2021; 10:766. [PMID: 34950453 PMCID: PMC8667009 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.52889.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study investigated how the inclusion of Boesenbergia pandurata extract (BPE) in goldfish feed affects fish growth, immunity, and resistance to infection by Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Methods: Four fish feeds, were prepared by adding BPE at the concentrations of 0 (control), 2, 4, and 6 g kg-1, respectively, and 120 goldfish (Cyprinus carpio; initial weight 5 g) were separated into 12 boxes and fed with specific pellets and examined thrice. The experiment lasted 12 weeks, beginning with the different feeds, fish growth was measured at Weeks 4 and 8 after the feeding period. Moreover, a challenge test with pathogen bacteria to assay disease resistance was administered at Week 8 after the feeding period, and the survival rate and relative percentage of survival were quantified at Week 12. Results: At Week 8, the goldfish that were fed BPE-containing feeds were significantly heavier than the fish that received the control feed (pellet without BPE), and the highest weight gain, reaching 72.44 g, was obtained with Pellet 3; accordingly, the specific growth rate after BPE treatment (5.7%) was higher than that after control treatment. Conversely, the feed conversion ratio in the control group, 2.03, was higher than the ratios in the BPE groups, which were decreased to 0.55-0.90. Lastly, BPE treatment consistently enhanced the immunity parameters of goldfish (relative to control treatment) at weeks 4 and 8, and following BPE treatment, the rate of resistance against bacterial infection, 68.3%-77.0%, was higher than that after control treatment. Conclusions: BPE addition in goldfish feed clearly produces a positive effect by enhancing fish growth, immunity, and resistance to infection by pathogenic bacteria, and 4 g kg-1 is the optimal BPE concentration in feed prepared for goldfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esti Handayani Hardi
- Microbiology environmental Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Mulawarman University, Samarinda/East Kalimantan, Indonesia, 75123, Indonesia
- Research Center of Medicine and Cosmetic from Tropical Rainforest Resources PUI-PT OKTAL, Mulawarman University, Samarinda/East Kalimantan, Indonesia, 75123, Indonesia
| | - Gina Saptiani
- Microbiology environmental Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Mulawarman University, Samarinda/East Kalimantan, Indonesia, 75123, Indonesia
- Research Center of Medicine and Cosmetic from Tropical Rainforest Resources PUI-PT OKTAL, Mulawarman University, Samarinda/East Kalimantan, Indonesia, 75123, Indonesia
| | - Rudi Agung Nugroho
- Research Center of Medicine and Cosmetic from Tropical Rainforest Resources PUI-PT OKTAL, Mulawarman University, Samarinda/East Kalimantan, Indonesia, 75123, Indonesia
- Department of Biology,Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mulawarman University, Samarinda/East Kalimantan, Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - fadlul Rahman
- Microbiology environmental Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Mulawarman University, Samarinda/East Kalimantan, Indonesia, 75123, Indonesia
| | - Sulistyawati Sulistyawati
- Microbiology environmental Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Mulawarman University, Samarinda/East Kalimantan, Indonesia, 75123, Indonesia
| | - Widyaningsih Rahayu
- Microbiology environmental Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Mulawarman University, Samarinda/East Kalimantan, Indonesia, 75123, Indonesia
| | - Ali Supriansyah
- Microbiology environmental Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Mulawarman University, Samarinda/East Kalimantan, Indonesia, 75123, Indonesia
| | - Irawan Wijaya Kusuma
- Research Center of Medicine and Cosmetic from Tropical Rainforest Resources PUI-PT OKTAL, Mulawarman University, Samarinda/East Kalimantan, Indonesia, 75123, Indonesia
- Forestry, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, 75123, Indonesia
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Abdullah MA, Hussein HA. Integrated algal and oil palm biorefinery as a model system for bioenergy co-generation with bioproducts and biopharmaceuticals. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:40. [PMID: 38650258 PMCID: PMC10992906 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00396-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been a greater call for greener and eco-friendly processes and bioproducts to meet the 2030's core agenda on 17 global sustainable development goals. The challenge lies in incorporating systems thinking with a comprehensive worldview as a guiding principle to develop the economy, whilst taking cognisance of the need to safeguard the environment, and to embrace the socio-cultural diversity dimension as an equal component. Any discussion on climate change, destruction of eco-system and habitat for wildlife, poverty and starvation, and the spread of infectious diseases, must be addressed together with the emphasis on the development of cleaner energy, air and water, better management of resources and biodiversity, improved agro-practices for food production and distribution, and affordable health care, as the outcomes and key performance indicators to be evaluated. Strict regulation, monitoring and enforcement to minimize emission, pollution and wastage must also be put in place. CONCLUSION This review article focuses on the research and development efforts to achieve sustainable bioenergy production, environmental remediation, and transformation of agro-materials into value-added bioproducts through the integrated algal and oil palm biorefinery. Recent development in microalgal research with nanotechnology as anti-cancer and antimicrobial agents and for biopharmaceutical applications are discussed. The life-cycle analysis in the context of palm oil mill processes is evaluated. The way forward from this integrated biorefinery concept is to strive for inclusive development strategies, and to address the immediate and pressing problems facing the Planet and the People, whilst still reaping the Profit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Azmuddin Abdullah
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
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Shanab SMM, Partila AM, Ali HEA, Abdullah MA. Impact of gamma-irradiated silver nanoparticles biosynthesized from Pseudomonas aeruginosa on growth, lipid, and carbohydrates of Chlorella vulgaris and Dictyochloropsis splendida. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/16878507.2020.1856599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abir M. Partila
- Department of Radiation Microbiology, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Egypt
| | - Hamdy Elsayed Ahmed Ali
- Department of Radiation Microbiology, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Egypt
| | - Mohd Azmuddin Abdullah
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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