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Daba GM, Elkhateeb WA. Ribosomally synthesized bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria: Simplicity yet having wide potentials - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128325. [PMID: 38007012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriocins are ribosomally made bacterial peptides that have outstanding contributions in the field of food industry, as biopreservatives, and promising potentials in the medical field for improving human and animal health. Bacteriocins have many advantages over antibiotics such as being primary metabolites with relatively simpler biosynthetic mechanisms, which made their bioengineering for activity or specificity improving purposes much easier. Also, bacteriocins are degraded by proteolytic enzymes and do not stay in environment, which reduce chances of developing resistance. Bacteriocins can improve activity of some antibiotics, and some bacteriocins show potency against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Moreover, some potent bacteriocins have antiviral, antifungal, and antiprotozoal (antileishmanial) activities. On the other hand, bacteriocins have been introduced into the treatment of some ulcers and types of cancer. These potentials make bacteriocins attract extra attention as promising biotechnological tool. Hence, the history, characteristics, and classification of bacteriocins are described in this review. Furthermore, the main difference between bacteriocins and other antimicrobial peptides is clarified. Also, bacteriocins biosynthesis and identified modes of action are elucidated. Additionally, current and potential applications of bacteriocins in food and medical fields are highlighted. Finally, future perspectives concerning studying bacteriocins and their applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghoson Mosbah Daba
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical Industries Researches Institute, National Research Centre, El Buhouth St., Egypt.
| | - Waill Ahmed Elkhateeb
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical Industries Researches Institute, National Research Centre, El Buhouth St., Egypt
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2
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Allenspach K, Sung CH, Ceron JJ, Peres Rubio C, Bourgois-Mochel A, Suchodolski JS, Yuan L, Kundu D, Colom Comas J, Rea K, Mochel JP. Effect of the Probiotic Bacillus subtilis DE-CA9 TM on Fecal Scores, Serum Oxidative Stress Markers and Fecal and Serum Metabolome in Healthy Dogs. Vet Sci 2023; 10:566. [PMID: 37756088 PMCID: PMC10537710 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10090566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing interest in the use of Bacillus species as probiotics since their spore-forming ability favors their survival in the acidic gastric environment over other probiotic species. The subsequent germination of B. subtilis to their vegetative form allows for their growth in the small intestine and may increase their beneficial effect on the host. B. subtilis strains have also previously been shown to have beneficial effects in humans and production animals, however, no reports are available so far on their use in companion animals. STUDY DESIGN The goal of this study was therefore to investigate the daily administration of 1 × 109 cfu DE-CA9TM orally per day versus placebo on health parameters, fecal scores, fecal microbiome, fecal metabolomics, as well as serum metabolomics and oxidative stress markers in ten healthy Beagle dogs in a parallel, randomized, prospective, placebo-controlled design over a period of 45 days. RESULTS DE-CA9TM decreased the oxidative status compared to controls for advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMS), suggesting an antioxidant effect of the treatment. Fecal metabolomics revealed a significant reduction in metabolites associated with tryptophan metabolism in the DE-CA9TM-treated group. DE-CA9TM also significantly decreased phenylalanine and homocysteine and increased homoserine and threonine levels. Amino acid metabolism was also affected in the serum metabolome, with increased levels of urea and cadaverine, and reductions in N-acetylornithine in DE-CA9TM compared to controls. Similarly, changes in essential amino acids were observed, with a significant increase in tryptophan and lysine levels and a decrease in homocysteine. An increase in serum guanine and deoxyuridine was also detected, with a decrease in beta-alanine in the animals that ingested DE-CA9TM. CONCLUSIONS Data generated throughout this study suggest that the daily administration of 1 × 109 cfu of DE-CA9TM in healthy Beagle dogs is safe and does not affect markers of general health and fecal scores. Furthermore, DE-CA9TM administration had a potential positive effect on some serum markers of oxidative stress, and protein and lipid metabolism in serum and feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Allenspach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA;
| | - Chi-Hsuan Sung
- The Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.-H.S.); (J.S.S.)
| | - Jose Joaquin Ceron
- Department of Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.J.C.); (C.P.R.); (L.Y.)
| | - Camila Peres Rubio
- Department of Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.J.C.); (C.P.R.); (L.Y.)
| | - Agnes Bourgois-Mochel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA;
| | - Jan S. Suchodolski
- The Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.-H.S.); (J.S.S.)
| | - Lingnan Yuan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.J.C.); (C.P.R.); (L.Y.)
| | - Debosmita Kundu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (D.K.); (J.P.M.)
| | - Joan Colom Comas
- ADM Cork H&W Limited, Bioinnovation Unit, Food Science Building, College Road, University College Cork, T12 Y337 Cork, Ireland; (J.C.C.); (K.R.)
| | - Kieran Rea
- ADM Cork H&W Limited, Bioinnovation Unit, Food Science Building, College Road, University College Cork, T12 Y337 Cork, Ireland; (J.C.C.); (K.R.)
| | - Jonathan P. Mochel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (D.K.); (J.P.M.)
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Calvigioni M, Bertolini A, Codini S, Mazzantini D, Panattoni A, Massimino M, Celandroni F, Zucchi R, Saba A, Ghelardi E. HPLC-MS-MS quantification of short-chain fatty acids actively secreted by probiotic strains. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1124144. [PMID: 36937254 PMCID: PMC10020375 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1124144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the main by-products of microbial fermentations occurring in the human intestine and are directly involved in the host's physiological balance. As impaired gut concentrations of acetic, propionic, and butyric acids are often associated with systemic disorders, the administration of SCFA-producing microorganisms has been suggested as attractive approach to solve symptoms related to SCFA deficiency. Methods In this research, nine probiotic strains (Bacillus clausii NR, OC, SIN, and T, Bacillus coagulans ATCC 7050, Bifidobacterium breve DSM 16604, Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103, and Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745) commonly included in commercial formulations were tested for their ability to secrete SCFAs by using an improved protocol in high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS-MS). Results The developed method was highly sensitive and specific, showing excellent limits of detection and quantification of secreted SCFAs. All tested microorganisms were shown to secrete acetic acid, with only B. clausii and S. boulardii additionally able to produce propionic and butyric acids. Quantitative differences in the secretion of SCFAs were also evidenced. Discussion The experimental approach described in this study may contribute to the characterization of probiotics as SCFA-producing organisms, a crucial stage toward their application to improve SCFA deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Calvigioni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Bertolini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Codini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Diletta Mazzantini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Adelaide Panattoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Massimino
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Celandroni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Riccardo Zucchi
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Saba
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Emilia Ghelardi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Research Center Nutraceuticals and Food for Health–Nutrafood, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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4
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Kesavelu D, Jog P. Current understanding of antibiotic-associated dysbiosis and approaches for its management. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2023; 10:20499361231154443. [PMID: 36860273 PMCID: PMC9969474 DOI: 10.1177/20499361231154443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased exposure to antibiotics during early childhood increases the risk of antibiotic-associated dysbiosis, which is associated with reduced diversity of gut microbial species and abundance of certain taxa, disruption of host immunity, and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant microbes. The disruption of gut microbiota and host immunity in early life is linked to the development of immune-related and metabolic disorders later in life. Antibiotic administration in populations predisposed to gut microbiota dysbiosis, such as newborns, obese children, and children with allergic rhinitis and recurrent infections; changes microbial composition and diversity; exacerbating dysbiosis and resulting in negative health outcomes. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD), Clostridiodes difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD), and Helicobacter pylori infection are all short-term consequences of antibiotic treatment that persist from a few weeks to months. Changes in gut microbiota, which persist even 2 years after antibiotic exposure, and the development of obesity, allergies, and asthma are among the long-term consequences. Probiotic bacteria and dietary supplements can potentially prevent or reverse antibiotic-associated gut microbiota dysbiosis. Probiotics have been demonstrated in clinical studies to help prevent AAD and, to a lesser extent, CDAD, as well as to improve H pylori eradication rates. In the Indian setting, probiotics (Saccharomyces boulardii and Bacillus clausii) have been shown to reduce the duration and frequency of acute diarrhea in children. Antibiotics may exaggerate the consequences of gut microbiota dysbiosis in vulnerable populations already affected by the condition. Therefore, prudent use of antibiotics among neonates and young children is critical to prevent the detrimental effects on gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pramod Jog
- Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital &
Research Centre, Pune, India
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5
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Liu W, Lu NH, Zhou X, Li Y, Xie Y, Zheng L, Zhu W, Xiao Q, Yang N, Zuo K, Xu T, Zhang H. Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum P9 on defecation, quality of life and gut microbiome in individuals with chronic diarrhoea: Protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2023; 32:101085. [PMID: 36865679 PMCID: PMC9970898 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2023.101085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Probiotics may be an ideal choice for these patients, given it can improve the defecation and quality of life of individuals with chronic diarrhoea. However, evidence-based medical research is still limited to support its use as a diarrhoea agent. Method A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial is designed to pinpoint the efficiency and possible action modes of probiotics for chronic diarrhoea. 200 eligible volunteers with chronic diarrhoea are randomly assigned to a probiotic group (orally taking Lactobacillus plantarum p9 probiotics powder) or a placebo group. Except an independent project administrator who will be responsible for unblinding, the other researchers are blinded. Primary outcome is diarrhoea severity score, and secondary outcomes include weekly mean frequency of defecation, weekly mean stool appearance score, weekly mean stool urgency score, emotional state score, gut microbiome, and faecal metabolome. Each outcome measure will be assessed at the timepoints of pre-administration (day 0), administration (day 14 and/or 28), and post-administration (day 42) to identity inter- and intra-groups differences. Adverse events will be recorded to evaluate the safety of L. plantarum p9. Discussion The study protocol will provide high-quality evidence for the use of probiotics as a diarrhoea agent when it is strictly conducted out, providing evidence regarding whether and to what extent L. plantarum p9 can improve the defecation and well-being of individuals with chronic diarrhoea. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) (NO. ChiCTR2000038410). Registered on November 22, 2020, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=56542.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Nong-Hua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Evidence Based Medicine Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Yingmeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Medicines and High-efficiency Energy-saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Longjin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Medicines and High-efficiency Energy-saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Weifeng Zhu
- Evidence Based Medicine Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Qiuping Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Medicines and High-efficiency Energy-saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Ni Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Medicines and High-efficiency Energy-saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Kexuan Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Medicines and High-efficiency Energy-saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Tielong Xu
- Evidence Based Medicine Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
- Corresponding author.
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Koduru L, Lakshmanan M, Lee YQ, Ho PL, Lim PY, Ler WX, Ng SK, Kim D, Park DS, Banu M, Ow DSW, Lee DY. Systematic evaluation of genome-wide metabolic landscapes in lactic acid bacteria reveals diet- and strain-specific probiotic idiosyncrasies. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111735. [PMID: 36476869 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are well known to elicit health benefits in humans, but their functional metabolic landscapes remain unexplored. Here, we analyze differences in growth, intestinal persistence, and postbiotic biosynthesis of six representative LAB and their interactions with 15 gut bacteria under 11 dietary regimes by combining multi-omics and in silico modeling. We confirmed predictions on short-term persistence of LAB and their interactions with commensals using cecal microbiome abundance and spent-medium experiments. Our analyses indicate that probiotic attributes are both diet and species specific and cannot be solely explained using genomics. For example, although both Lacticaseibacillus casei and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum encode similarly sized genomes with diverse capabilities, L. casei exhibits a more desirable phenotype. In addition, "high-fat/low-carb" diets more likely lead to detrimental outcomes for most LAB. Collectively, our results highlight that probiotics are not "one size fits all" health supplements and lay the foundation for personalized probiotic design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokanand Koduru
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Meiyappan Lakshmanan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01, Centros, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Yi Qing Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Pooi-Leng Ho
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01, Centros, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Pei-Yu Lim
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01, Centros, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Wei Xuan Ler
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01, Centros, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Say Kong Ng
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01, Centros, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Dongseok Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo-Sang Park
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Mazlina Banu
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01, Centros, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Dave Siak Wei Ow
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01, Centros, Singapore 138668, Singapore.
| | - Dong-Yup Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Lahiri KR, Singh R, Apte M, Patil M, Taksande A, Varona R, Chatterjee G, Verma M, Brette S, Perez MIII. Efficacy and safety of Bacillus clausii (O/C, N/R, SIN, T) probiotic combined with oral rehydration therapy (ORT) and zinc in acute diarrhea in children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in India. Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines 2022; 8:9. [PMID: 35397572 PMCID: PMC8994895 DOI: 10.1186/s40794-022-00166-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood diarrhea remains a major disease burden, particularly in developing countries, and is a leading cause of death in children aged < 5 years, worldwide. Treatment of acute diarrhea now includes probiotics to potentially reduce the duration and severity of the illness. This phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study assessed the efficacy and safety of four strains (O/C, N/R, SIN, T) of Bacillus clausii probiotic (Enterogermina®) plus oral rehydration therapy (ORT) and zinc, versus placebo plus ORT and zinc, in infants and children in India with acute moderate diarrhea. Methods Patients aged 6 months to 5 years with acute moderate diarrhea (WHO 2005 definition) of < 48 h’ duration were randomly assigned to receive one mini bottle of either polyantibiotic-resistant B. clausii (oral suspension of 2 billion spores per 5 mL bottle) or matching placebo twice daily (morning and evening) for 5 days. Exclusion criteria included known hypersensitivity to B. clausii or excipients in the study treatment, or to other probiotics. Patients were admitted to hospital from Day 1 and discharged ≥6 h after diarrhea resolution, or a maximum of 5 days. The primary endpoint was duration of acute diarrhea from randomization to recovery. Secondary endpoints included frequency of stools, diapers with stools, or dehydration status. Results In total, 457 patients were randomized; 454 were treated. Similar proportions of patients showed recovery from diarrhea over the 120 h after randomization (97.0% in the B. clausii group [n = 227]; 98.0% on placebo [n = 227]). Median time to recovery was also similar: 42.83 (95% CI: 40.90–44.90) hours for B. clausii and 42.13 (95% CI: 39.80–43.87) hours for placebo. However, no statistically significant difference was observed between groups (hazard ratio = 0.93 [95% CI: 0.77–1.13]; p = 0.6968); nor were there statistically significant differences between groups for the secondary endpoints. Treatment with B. clausii was well tolerated with incidence of adverse events (9.7%) similar to that for placebo (12.3%). Conclusions No significant difference in efficacy between B. clausii and placebo was demonstrated. Sample size may have been inadequate to allow detection of a between-group difference in efficacy, given the mild/moderate severity (only ~ 20% of patients had nausea/vomiting or abdominal pains) and short duration of disease among subjects, the relatively late start of treatment (most were already on Day 2 of their disease episode when study treatment started) and the effectiveness of the standard of care with ORT and zinc in both treatment groups. Trial registration CTRI number CTRI/2018/10/016053. Registered on 17 October 2018. EudraCT number 2016-005165-31. Registered 14 May 2020 (retrospectively registered). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40794-022-00166-6.
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8
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Acosta-Rodríguez-Bueno CP, Abreu Y Abreu AT, Guarner F, Guno MJV, Pehlivanoğlu E, Perez M. Bacillus clausii for Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Narrative Literature Review. Adv Ther 2022; 39:4854-4874. [PMID: 36018495 PMCID: PMC9525334 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-022-02285-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is intrinsically linked to human health; disturbances in microbial homeostasis are implicated in both intestinal and extraintestinal disorders. Probiotics are "live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host," and many commercial preparations comprising a diverse range of species are available. While probiotics have been much researched, better understanding of the probiotic effects and applications of species such as Bacillus clausii is warranted. In this narrative literature review, we review the characteristics and mechanisms of action supporting B. clausii as a probiotic and discuss the evidence from clinical studies evaluating B. clausii probiotics for the management of a variety of gastrointestinal disorders and symptoms in children and adults. Finally, we highlight the challenges of future research and the need for more robust and diverse clinical evidence to guide physicians in the clinical application of probiotics for gastrointestinal disorders and other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mary Jean V Guno
- Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health, Pasig City, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Marcos Perez
- Sanofi, Industriepark Höchst, Bldg. K607, Room 5327, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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9
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Wong-Chew RM, de Castro JAA, Morelli L, Perez M, Ozen M. Gut immune homeostasis: the immunomodulatory role of Bacillus clausii, from basic to clinical evidence. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2022; 18:717-729. [PMID: 35674642 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2022.2085559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The gut microbiota affects the development of the gut immune system in early life. Perturbations to microbiota structure and composition during this period can have long-term consequences on the health of the individual, through its effects on the immune system. Research in the last few decades has shown that probiotic administration can reverse these effects in strain- and environment-specific ways. Bacillus clausii (B. clausii) has been in use for many decades as a safe and efficacious probiotic, but its mode of action has not yet been completely elucidated. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discuss how the gut immune system works, the factors that affect its functioning, and the plethora of research highlighting its role in various diseases. We also discuss the known modes of action of Bacillus probiotics, and highlight the preclinical and clinical evidence that reveal how B. clausii acts to bolster gut defense. EXPERT OPINION We anticipate that the treatment and/or prevention of dysbiosis will be central to managing human health and disease in the future. Discovering the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases, infections, allergies, and some cancers will aid our understanding of the key role played by microbial communities in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa María Wong-Chew
- Facultad de Medicina, División de Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Cdmx
| | - Jo-Anne A de Castro
- Department of Pediatrics de la Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute (DLSMHSI), Dasmariñas Cavite, Philippines; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Pamantasan ng Lunsod ng Maynila (PLM), College of Medicine Intramuros, Manila, Philippines
| | - Lorenzo Morelli
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Piacenza - Cremona, Italy
| | | | - Metehan Ozen
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, School of Medicine, Istanbul Turkey
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10
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Current Progress and Future Perspectives on the Use of Bacillus clausii. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061246. [PMID: 35744764 PMCID: PMC9230978 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus clausii is a probiotic that benefits human health. Its key characteristics include the ability to form spores; the resulting tolerance to heat, acid, and salt ensures safe passage through the human gastrointestinal tract with no loss of cells. Although B. clausii has been widely used for many decades, the beneficial properties of other probiotics, such as Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp., are better disseminated in the literature. In this review, we summarize the physiological, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory properties of probiotic B. clausii strains. We also describe findings from studies that have investigated B. clausii probiotics from the perspective of quality and safety. We highlight innovative properties based on biochemical investigations of non-probiotic strains of B. clausii, revealing that B. clausii may have further health benefits in other therapeutic areas.
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11
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Maity C, Bagkar P, Dixit Y, Tiwari A. Alkalihalobacillus clausii
088AE as a functional and medical food ingredient: assessment of
in vitro
protein digestibility and food calorie reduction. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjit Maity
- Advanced Enzyme Technologies Ltd. 5Th Floor, A‐Wing, Sun Magnetica Thane (W) ‐ 400 604 Maharashtra India
| | - Pratik Bagkar
- Advanced Enzyme Technologies Ltd. 5Th Floor, A‐Wing, Sun Magnetica Thane (W) ‐ 400 604 Maharashtra India
| | - Yogini Dixit
- Advanced Enzyme Technologies Ltd. 5Th Floor, A‐Wing, Sun Magnetica Thane (W) ‐ 400 604 Maharashtra India
| | - Amit Tiwari
- Advanced Enzyme Technologies Ltd. 5Th Floor, A‐Wing, Sun Magnetica Thane (W) ‐ 400 604 Maharashtra India
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Bacteremia after Bacillus clausii administration for the treatment of acute diarrhea: A case report. BIOMEDICA : REVISTA DEL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD 2021; 41:13-20. [PMID: 34669274 PMCID: PMC8598109 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.5662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus clausii is a gram-positive rod used as a probiotic to treat diarrhea and the side effects of antibiotics such as pseudomembranous colitis. We report a case of B. clausii bacteremia in a non-immunocompromised patient with active peptic ulcer disease and acute diarrhea. The probiotic was administered during the patient's hospitalization due to diarrhea of infectious origin. B. clausii was identified in the bloodstream of the patient through Matrix- Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) days after her discharge. Given the wide use of probiotics, we alert clinicians to consider this microorganism as a causative agent when signs of systemic infection, metabolic compromise, and hemodynamic instability establish after its administration and no pathogens have been identified that could explain the clinical course.
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Maity C, Gupta AK. Therapeutic efficacy of probiotic Alkalihalobacillus clausii 088AE in antibiotic-associated diarrhea: A randomized controlled trial. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07993. [PMID: 34585011 PMCID: PMC8453216 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of probiotics in gastrointestinal ailments has shown therapeutic effects. The imbalance of the microbiota caused by antibiotic treatment or others has been shown to be restored to normal with probiotic treatment. In this study, a genomically and phenotypically safe probiotic Alkalihalobacillus clausii 088AE has been evaluated for ameliorating antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) in pediatrics (PE, n = 60, 2-10 years), adolescent and adults (AA, n = 60, 11-65 years) through a randomized controlled clinical trial. A. clausii 088AE was administered for seven days (PE, 4 and AA, 6 billion/day) and primary and secondary endpoints were evaluated on different visits. Compared to the respective placebo arms, A. clausii 088AE improved the diarrheal (time to last unformed stool and diarrheal frequency) conditions in children, adolescents and adults. A. clausii 088AE treatment decreased AAD-severity score on visit 5 in both pediatric (0.12 ± 0.33, 12.39 folds), adult and adolescent (0.54 ± 0.36, 2.34 folds) groups compared to those respective placebo arm (p < 0.05). A. clausii 088AE was well tolerated, did not cause significant changes in vital and clinical safety parameters and subjects reported no adverse effects or serious adverse reactions. A. clausii 088AE is safe and therapeutically effective against AAD, reducing onset of diarrhea and related severity symptoms including abdominal discomfort and pain, bloating and flatulence. A. clausii 088AE may be recommended as a live bio-therapeutic agent for improving clinical pathophysiology of gastrointestinal ailments, in particular antibiotic-associated diarrhea and related symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjit Maity
- Probiotics Laboratory, Advanced Enzyme Technologies Ltd., 5Th Floor, A-Wing, Sun Magnetica, LIC Service Road, Louiswadi, Thane (W), 400 604, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anil Kumar Gupta
- Probiotics Laboratory, Advanced Enzyme Technologies Ltd., 5Th Floor, A-Wing, Sun Magnetica, LIC Service Road, Louiswadi, Thane (W), 400 604, Maharashtra, India
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