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Ravichandran NK, Wijesinghe RE, Lee SY, Choi KS, Jeon M, Jung HY, Kim J. Non-Destructive Analysis of the Internal Anatomical Structures of Mosquito Specimens Using Optical Coherence Tomography. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 17:E1897. [PMID: 28817086 PMCID: PMC5580080 DOI: 10.3390/s17081897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The study of mosquitoes and analysis of their behavior are of crucial importance in the on-going efforts to control the alarming increase in mosquito-borne diseases. Furthermore, a non-destructive and real-time imaging technique to study the anatomical features of mosquito specimens can greatly aid the study of mosquitoes. In this study, we demonstrate the three-dimensional imaging capabilities of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for structural analysis of Anopheles sinensis mosquitoes. The anatomical features of An. sinensis head, thorax, and abdominal regions, along with the morphology of internal structures, such as foregut, midgut, and hindgut, were studied using OCT imaging. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional OCT images, used in conjunction with histological images, proved useful for anatomical analysis of mosquito specimens. By presenting this work as an initial study, we demonstrate the applicability of OCT for future mosquito-related entomological research, and also in identifying changes in mosquito anatomical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kumar Ravichandran
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Ruchire Eranga Wijesinghe
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Seung-Yeol Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Kwang Shik Choi
- School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Mansik Jeon
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Hee-Young Jung
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Jeehyun Kim
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea.
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Iwamoto H. The earliest molecular response to stretch of insect flight muscle as revealed by fast X-ray diffraction recording. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42272. [PMID: 28176871 PMCID: PMC5296744 DOI: 10.1038/srep42272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Small insects drive their flight muscle at frequencies up to 1,000 Hz. This remarkable ability owes to the mechanism of stretch activation. However, it remains unknown as to what sarcomeric component senses the stretch and triggers the following force generation. Here we show that the earliest structural change after a step stretch is reflected in the blinking of the 111 and 201 reflections, as observed in the fast X-ray diffraction recording from isolated bumblebee flight muscle fibers. The same signal has also been observed in live bumblebee. We demonstrate that (1) the signal responds almost concomitantly to a quick step stretch, (2) the signal grows with increasing calcium levels as the stretch-activated force does, and (3) a full 3-dimensional model demonstrates that the signal is maximized when objects having a 38.7-nm actin periodicity travel by ~20 nm along the filament axis. This is the expected displacement if myosin heads are loosely associated with actin target zones (where actin monomers are favorably oriented), and are dragged by a 1.3% stretch, which effectively causes stretch-induced activation. These results support and strengthen our proposal that the myosin head itself acts as the stretch sensor, after calcium-induced association with actin in a low-force form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Iwamoto
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
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Fukatsu T. Entomological journals and publishing in Japan. APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY 2016; 51:1-10. [PMID: 26869722 PMCID: PMC4737799 DOI: 10.1007/s13355-015-0386-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Here I present an overview of entomological journals and publishing in Japan, thereby providing a convenient portal to the valuable scientific resources for the world's entomological researchers and scientific communities. Currently, except for several international journals published fully in English such as Applied Entomology and Zoology and Entomological Science, many entomological and entomology-related journals in Japan are not indexed by major scientific databases like Web of Science, and therefore they are neither conveniently recognizable nor accessible for the world's entomological communities. However, I point out that many of the contents of such journals are freely available via Japan's public platforms for electronic scientific literature, Japan Science and Technology Information Aggregator, Electronic (J-stage) or Citation Information by National Institute of Informatics (CiNii). Here I list 32 entomological and entomology-related societies and their 45 journals, the majority of which belong to either the Union of Japanese Societies for Insect Sciences (UJSIS), the Union of the Japanese Societies for Systematic Biology (UJSSB), the Union of Japanese Societies for Natural History (UJSNH), or the Union of Japanese Societies for Biological Science (UJSBS), with their respective URL and open-access availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takema Fukatsu
- />Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-8566 Japan
- />Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
- />Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8572 Japan
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