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Kumari N, Karmakar A, Ganesan SK. Targeting epigenetic modifications as a potential therapeutic option for diabetic retinopathy. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:1933-1947. [PMID: 31531859 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of visual impairment in adults of working age (20-65 years) in developed countries. The metabolic memory phenomena (persistent effect of a glycemic insult even after retrieved) associated with it has increased the risk of developing the complication even after the termination of the glycemic insult. Hence, the need for finding early diagnosis and treatment options has been of great concern. Epigenetic modifications which generally occur during the beginning stages of the disease are responsible for the metabolic memory effect. Therefore, the therapy based on the reversal of the associated epigenetic mechanism can bring new insight in the area of early diagnosis and treatment mechanism. This review discusses the diabetic retinopathy, its pathogenesis, current treatment options, need of finding novel treatment options, and different epigenetic alterations associated with DR. However, the main focus is emphasized on various epigenetic modifications particularly DNA methylation which are responsible for the initiation and progression of diabetic retinopathy and the use of different epigenetic inhibitors as a novel therapeutic option for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Kumari
- Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Structural Biology & Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Aditi Karmakar
- Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Structural Biology & Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Senthil Kumar Ganesan
- Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Structural Biology & Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Suresh PS, Devaraj VC, Srinivas NR, Mullangi R. Review of bioanalytical assays for the quantitation of various HDAC inhibitors such as vorinostat, belinostat, panobinostat, romidepsin and chidamine. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 31. [PMID: 27511598 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDAC inhibitors) are used to treat malignancies such as cutaneous T cell lymphoma and peripheral T cell lymphoma. Only four drugs are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, namely vorinostat, romidepsin, panobinostat and belinostat, while chidamide has been approved in China. There are a number of bioanalytical methods reported for the measurement of HDAC inhibitors in clinical (human plasma and serum) and preclinical (mouse plasma, rat plasma, urine and tissue homogenates, etc.) studies. This review covers various HDAC inhibitors such as vorinostat, romidepsin, panobinostat, belinostat and chidamide. In addition to providing a comprehensive review of the available methods for the above mentioned HDAC inhibitors, it also provides case studies with perspectives for chosen drugs. Based on the review, it is concluded that the published methodologies using either HPLC or LC-MS/MS are well suited for the quantification of HDAC inhibitors in various biological fluids to delineate pharmacokinetic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Suresh
- Jubilant Biosys, 2nd Stage, Bangalore, India
| | - V C Devaraj
- Jubilant Biosys, 2nd Stage, Bangalore, India
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Sincennes MC, Brun CE, Rudnicki MA. Concise Review: Epigenetic Regulation of Myogenesis in Health and Disease. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:282-90. [PMID: 26798058 PMCID: PMC4807671 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review describes the recent findings on epigenetic regulation in satellite stem cells and committed myoblasts. It also addresses the potential of epigenetic drugs, such as histone deacetylase inhibitors, and their molecular mechanism of action in muscle cells. Skeletal muscle regeneration is initiated by satellite cells, a population of adult stem cells that reside in the muscle tissue. The ability of satellite cells to self-renew and to differentiate into the muscle lineage is under transcriptional and epigenetic control. Satellite cells are characterized by an open and permissive chromatin state. The transcription factor Pax7 is necessary for satellite cell function. Pax7 is a nodal factor regulating the expression of genes associated with satellite cell growth and proliferation, while preventing differentiation. Pax7 recruits chromatin modifiers to DNA to induce expression of specific target genes involved in myogenic commitment following asymmetric division of muscle stem cells. Emerging evidence suggests that replacement of canonical histones with histone variants is an important regulatory mechanism controlling the ability of satellite cells and myoblasts to differentiate. Differentiation into the muscle lineage is associated with a global gene repression characterized by a decrease in histone acetylation with an increase in repressive histone marks. However, genes important for differentiation are upregulated by the specific action of histone acetyltransferases and other chromatin modifiers, in combination with several transcription factors, including MyoD and Mef2. Treatment with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors enhances muscle regeneration and is considered as a therapeutic approach in the treatment of muscular dystrophy. This review describes the recent findings on epigenetic regulation in satellite stem cells and committed myoblasts. The potential of epigenetic drugs, such as HDAC inhibitors, as well as their molecular mechanism of action in muscle cells, will be addressed. Significance This review summarizes recent findings concerning the epigenetic regulation of satellite cells in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claude Sincennes
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Caroline E Brun
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael A Rudnicki
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Wang J, Wang Y, Chen X, Zhang PZ, Shi ZT, Wen LT, Qiu JH, Chen FQ. Histone deacetylase inhibitor sodium butyrate attenuates gentamicin-induced hearing loss in vivo. Am J Otolaryngol 2015; 36:242-8. [PMID: 25554003 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition has been shown to protect against gentamicin (GM)-induced hearing loss in vitro, its protective effect has not been proven in vivo. In the present study, the aim was to investigate the protective effect of sodium butyrate (NaB), a specific HDAC inhibitor, on GM-induced ototoxicity in vivo. METHODS Forty 8-week-old albino guinea pigs were divided into two experimental groups. Group 1 (n=10) underwent bilateral ear surgery to place sponges (0.3mm(3)) permeated with NaB (10μl, 100mg/ml) and physiological saline (10μl; control) in the right and left round window niches, respectively. The sponges were left in place for 15days to evaluate the effects of NaB at the applied concentration. Group 2 (n=30) underwent the same bilateral ear surgery described for Group 1, except three days after surgery, the animals received intramuscular GM injections (200mg/kg/day) for 5 consecutive days. Seven days after the final GM injection, the protective effects of NaB were examined. RESULTS After 15days of NaB treatment (10μl, 100mg/ml), an increase in histone acetylation was detected in Corti organ samples. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold shifts and hair cell loss were also reduced in NaB-treated ears after GM administration. Furthermore, GM treatment increased HDAC1 expression in outer hair cells (OHCs) in vivo, and NaB blocked this action. CONCLUSION GM increases HDAC1 expression in OHCs, and NaB is able to block this action. Thus, it appears that the HDAC inhibitor, NaB, attenuates GM-induced hearing loss in guinea pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 17 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, China; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Shanxi, Xi'an, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 17 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 17 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng-zhi Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 17 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Ze-tao Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 17 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Li-ting Wen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 17 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian-hua Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 17 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Fu-quan Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 17 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, China.
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Dearing KR, Weiss GJ. Translating next-generation sequencing from clinical trials to clinical practice for the treatment of advanced cancers. Per Med 2015; 12:155-162. [PMID: 29754537 DOI: 10.2217/pme.14.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is being applied in oncology care to identify specific molecular aberrations of patient's tumors. The use of NGS now allows for sequencing entire human genomes within a reasonable cost and practical time frames for treatment decision making. Further delineation of epigenetics, transcriptomics, metagenomics and NGS at the level of circulating tumor DNA reveal ever increasing complexity to understand these interactions and the roles they play in cancer. With the improvement in understanding the study of proteomics, it has become clear that NGS has room for innovation to someday include sequencing of proteins. Early embarkation of NGS incorporated into clinical trials has begun. Here, we review the feasibility and practicality of translating NGS from clinical trials to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen R Dearing
- Cancer Treatment Centers of America, 14200 Celebrate Life Way, Goodyear, AZ 85338, USA
| | - Glen J Weiss
- Cancer Treatment Centers of America, 14200 Celebrate Life Way, Goodyear, AZ 85338, USA.,CRAB-Clinical Trials Consortium, 1730 Minor Ave., Seattle, WA 98101, USA
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Morschhauser F, Terriou L, Coiffier B, Bachy E, Varga A, Kloos I, Lelièvre H, Sarry AL, Depil S, Ribrag V. Phase 1 study of the oral histone deacetylase inhibitor abexinostat in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, or chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Invest New Drugs 2015; 33:423-31. [PMID: 25600050 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-015-0206-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background We determined the safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and antitumour activity of abexinostat in B-cell lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Patients and methods Thirty-five patients received oral abexinostat 30, 45, or 60 mg/m(2) bid in a 3 + 3 design in three 21-day schedules: 14 days on treatment in schedule 1 (D1-14); 10 days in schedule 2 (D1-5 and D8-12); and 12 days in schedule 3 (D1-4, D8-11, and D15-18). Safety, tumour response, plasma concentration, and histone H3 acetylation were measured. Results Two dose-limiting toxicities occurred in each schedule (one grade 3 febrile neutropenia; five grade 4 thrombocytopenia) at 60 mg/m(2) bid (maximal tolerated dose). The recommended dose was 45 mg/m(2) bid; schedule 1 was considered optimal. Non-haematological drug-related toxicities included grade 1 or 2 diarrhoea (43%), nausea (23%), and vomiting (11%); haematological toxicities included thrombocytopenia (31% grade 3, and 26% grade 4), which remained manageable and reversible on withdrawal. Of 29 evaluable patients, there were 2 complete and 6 partial responses; median duration of response was 14.6 months (range 3-16.5 months) (1 cycle is equivalent to 0.75 months). There was no evidence for nonlinear pharmacokinetics. There was a correlation between dose and histone acetylation. Conclusion Abexinostat has manageable toxicity and induced some durable complete and partial responses in B-cell lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Our results suggest most favourable responses in patients with follicular lymphoma, though further research would be needed to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Morschhauser
- Centre Hospitalier Régional de Lille, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Service des maladies du sang, Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées (GRITA), Université de Lille, Lille, France,
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He H, Liu X, Wang D, Wang Y, Liu L, Zhou H, Luo X, Wang N, Ji B, Luo Y, Zhang T. SAHA inhibits the transcription initiation of HPV18 E6/E7 genes in HeLa cervical cancer cells. Gene 2014; 553:98-104. [PMID: 25300249 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
High risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is a well recognized causative agent of cervical cancer. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) is a potential anti-cervical cancer drug; however, its effect on the expression of HPV E6 and E7 genes remains unclear. Here, we show that, in SAHA treated HeLa cells, HPV18 E6 and E7 mRNA and protein levels were reduced, HPV18 promoter activity was decreased, and the association of RNP II with HPV18 promoter was diminished, suggesting that SAHA inhibited the transcription initiation of HPV18 E6 and E7 genes. In SAHA-treated HeLa, although the level of lysine 9-acetylated histone H3 in the whole cell extracts increased obviously, its enrichment on HPV18 promoter was significantly reduced which is correlated with the down-regulation of HPV E6 and E7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Xuena Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Yijie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Xuegang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Bingyan Ji
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, #388, YuHangTang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Yan Luo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, #388, YuHangTang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
| | - Tongcun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, PR China.
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Tasoulas J, Giaginis C, Patsouris E, Manolis E, Theocharis S. Histone deacetylase inhibitors in oral squamous cell carcinoma treatment. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2014; 24:69-78. [PMID: 25216628 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2014.952368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The involvement of the histone deacetylases (HDACs) family in tumor development and progression is well demonstrated. HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) constitute a novel, heterogeneous family of highly selective anticancer agents that inhibit HDACs and present significant antitumor activity in several human malignancies, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Areas covered: This review summarizes the current research on the anticancer activity of HDACis against OSCC. The review also presents the molecular mechanisms of HDACis action and the existing studies evaluating their utilization in combined therapies of OSCC. Expert opinion: The currently available data support evidence that HDACis may provide new therapeutic options against OSCC, decreasing treatment side effects and allowing a more conservative therapeutic approach. Future research should be focused on in vivo and clinical evaluation of their utilization as combined therapies or monotherapies. Before HDACis can be brought into clinical practice as treatment options for OSCC, further evaluation is needed to determine their optimal dosage, the appropriate duration of treatment and whether they should be used in combination or as stand-alone therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Tasoulas
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, First Department of Pathology , Athens , Greece
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Lee YH, Seo D, Choi KJ, Andersen JB, Won MA, Kitade M, Gómez-Quiroz LE, Judge AD, Marquardt JU, Raggi C, Conner EA, MacLachlan I, Factor VM, Thorgeirsson SS. Antitumor effects in hepatocarcinoma of isoform-selective inhibition of HDAC2. Cancer Res 2014; 74:4752-61. [PMID: 24958469 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) is a chromatin modifier involved in epigenetic regulation of cell cycle, apoptosis, and differentiation that is upregulated commonly in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we show that specific targeting of this HDAC isoform is sufficient to inhibit HCC progression. siRNA-mediated silencing of HDAC inhibited HCC cell growth by blocking cell-cycle progression and inducing apoptosis. These effects were associated with deregulation of HDAC-regulated genes that control cell cycle, apoptosis, and lipid metabolism, specifically, by upregulation of p27 and acetylated p53 and by downregulation of CDK6 and BCL2. We found that HDAC2 silencing in HCC cells also strongly inhibited PPARγ signaling and other regulators of glycolysis (ChREBPα and GLUT4) and lipogenesis (SREBP1C and FAS), eliciting a marked decrease in fat accumulation. Notably, systemic delivery of HDAC2 siRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles was sufficient to blunt the growth of human HCC in a murine xenograft model. Our findings offer preclinical proof-of-concept for HDAC2 blockade as a systemic therapy for liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Han Lee
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland. Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Daekwan Seo
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kyung-Ju Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jesper B Andersen
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Min-Ah Won
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mitsuteru Kitade
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Luis E Gómez-Quiroz
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Adam D Judge
- Tekmira Pharmaceuticals, Corp., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jens U Marquardt
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chiara Raggi
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth A Conner
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ian MacLachlan
- Tekmira Pharmaceuticals, Corp., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Valentina M Factor
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Snorri S Thorgeirsson
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Gao M, Gao L, Tao Y, Hou J, Yang G, Wu X, Xu H, Tompkins VS, Han Y, Wu H, Zhan F, Shi J. Proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib interacts synergistically with histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat in Jurkat T-leukemia cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2014; 46:484-91. [PMID: 24801128 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmu030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the interactions between proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib (CFZ) and histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat in Jurkat T-leukemia cells. Coexposure of cells to minimally lethal concentrations of CFZ with very low concentration of vorinostat resulted in synergistic antiproliferative effects and enhanced apoptosis in Jurkat T-leukemia cells, accompanied with the sharply increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), the striking decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), the increased release of cytochrome c, the enhanced activation of caspase-9 and -3, and the cleavage of PARP. The combined treatment of Jurkat cells pre-treated with ROS scavengers N-acetylcysteine (NAC) significantly blocked the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, suggesting that ROS generation was a former event of the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, NAC also resulted in a marked reduction in apoptotic cells, indicating a critical role for increased ROS generation by combined treatment. In addition, combined treatment arrested the cell cycle in G2-M phase. These results imply that CFZ interacted synergistically with vorinostat in Jurkat T-leukemia cells, which raised the possibility that the combination of carfilzomib with vorinostat may represent a novel strategy in treating T-cell Leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Gao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yi Tao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jun Hou
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xiaosong Wu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Van S Tompkins
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Huiqun Wu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Fenghuang Zhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jumei Shi
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
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Jafary H, Ahmadian S, Soleimani M. Synergistic anticancer activity of valproate combined with nicotinamide enhances anti-proliferation response and apoptosis in MIAPaca2 cells. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:3801-12. [PMID: 24595447 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3246-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase is strongly associated with epigenetic regulation and carcinogenesis, and its inhibitors can induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of the cancer cells. In this study we aimed to examine the antiproliferative effects a combination of the valproate with nicotinamide in MIAPaca2 cell line. We revealed that valproate acted in a synergistic/additive with nicotinamide to inhibit the proliferation and induction of apoptosis in MIAPaca2 cancer cell line. MIAPaca2 was treated with various concentrations of valproate. The MTT assay and colony formation in soft agar indicated that valproate at 0.5 mM, when used alone weakly, suppressed proliferation of cells (37 ± 3.02%) whereas the combination treatment of valproate + nicotinamide significantly suppressed cell proliferation (58 ± 3.5%). The effect of nicotinamide at 25 mM on cell proliferation and cell colonization induced 50% apoptosis of MIAPaca2 cells. To identify the anti-proliferation and apoptotic effects of valproate and nicotinamide we performed flow cytometric and microscopic analyses. The results indicated significant apoptosis induction and nuclear morphological alterations greater than when valproate was used alone. Furthermore, western blot analyses was performed to study the role of acetyl-histone H3 levels, and quantitative RNA expression analyses were performed on expression of thrombospondin (TSP) and maspin genes in MIAPaca2. We found that the combination treatment of valproate + nicotinamide enhanced the expression of maspin and TSP genes and the biological response of the cell line was correlated with the increase of histone H3 acetylation after nicotinamide and valproate application. Together our findings indicate that valproate which act as inhibitor of cell proliferation and inducer of apoptosis in human cancer MIAPaca2 cells when used in combination with nicotinamide makes it a potentially good candidate for new anticancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Jafary
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran
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Epigenetic modifications and diabetic retinopathy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:635284. [PMID: 24286082 PMCID: PMC3826295 DOI: 10.1155/2013/635284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy remains one of the most debilitating chronic complications, but despite extensive research in the field, the exact mechanism(s) responsible for how retina is damaged in diabetes remains ambiguous. Many metabolic pathways have been implicated in its development, and genes associated with these pathways are altered. Diabetic environment also facilitates epigenetics modifications, which can alter the gene expression without permanent changes in DNA sequence. The role of epigenetics in diabetic retinopathy is now an emerging area, and recent work has shown that genes encoding mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (Sod2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) are epigenetically modified, activates of epigenetic modification enzymes, histone lysine demethylase 1 (LSD1), and DNA methyltransferase are increased, and the micro RNAs responsible for regulating nuclear transcriptional factor and VEGF are upregulated. With the growing evidence of epigenetic modifications in diabetic retinopathy, better understanding of these modifications has potential to identify novel targets to inhibit this devastating disease. Fortunately, the inhibitors and mimics targeted towards histone modification, DNA methylation, and miRNAs are now being tried for cancer and other chronic diseases, and better understanding of the role of epigenetics in diabetic retinopathy will open the door for their possible use in combating this blinding disease.
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