1
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Singh A, Fenton CG, Anderssen E, Paulssen RH. Identifying predictive signalling networks for Vedolizumab response in ulcerative colitis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2022; 37:1321-1333. [PMID: 35543875 PMCID: PMC9167201 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-022-04176-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In ulcerative colitis (UC), the molecular mechanisms that drive disease development and patient response to therapy are not well understood. A significant proportion of patients with UC fail to respond adequately to biologic therapy. Therefore, there is an unmet need for biomarkers that can predict patients' responsiveness to the available UC therapies as well as ascertain the most effective individualised therapy. Our study focused on identifying predictive signalling pathways that predict anti-integrin therapy response in patients with UC. METHODS We retrieved and pre-processed two publicly accessible gene expression datasets (GSE73661 and GSE72819) of UC patients treated with anti-integrin therapies: (1) 12 non-IBD controls and 41 UC patients treated with Vedolizumab therapy, and (2) 70 samples with 58 non-responder and 12 responder UC patient samples treated with Etrolizumab therapy without non-IBD controls. We used a diffusion-based signalling model which is mainly focused on the T-cell receptor signalling network. The diffusion model uses network connectivity between receptors and transcription factors. RESULTS The network diffusion scores were able to separate VDZ responder and non-responder patients before treatment better than the original gene expression. On both anti-integrin treatment datasets, the diffusion model demonstrated high predictive performance for discriminating responders from non-responders in comparison with 'nnet'. We have found 48 receptor-TF pairs identified as the best predictors for VDZ therapy response with AUC ≥ 0.76. Among these receptor-TF predictors pairs, FFAR2-NRF1, FFAR2-RELB, FFAR2-EGR1, and FFAR2-NFKB1 are the top best predictors. For Etrolizumab, we have identified 40 best receptor-TF pairs and CD40-NFKB2 as the best predictor receptor-TF pair (AUC = 0.72). We also identified subnetworks that highlight the network interactions, connecting receptors and transcription factors involved in cytokine and fatty acid signalling. The findings suggest that anti-integrin therapy responses in cytokine and fatty acid signalling can stratify UC patient subgroups. CONCLUSIONS We identified signalling pathways that may predict the efficacy of anti-integrin therapy in UC patients and personalised therapy alternatives. Our results may lead to the advancement of a promising clinical decision-making tool for the stratification of UC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrinder Singh
- Clinical Bioinformatics Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Christopher G. Fenton
- Genomics Support Centre Tromso, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Endre Anderssen
- Genomics Support Centre Tromso, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Ruth H. Paulssen
- Clinical Bioinformatics Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Genomics Support Centre Tromso, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
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2
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Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel Protein 2 (VDAC2) and Receptor of Activated Protein C Kinase 1 (RACK1) Act as Functional Receptors for Lymphocystis Disease Virus Infection. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00122-19. [PMID: 30918079 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00122-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In previous research, a 27.8-kDa protein in flounder Paralichthys olivaceus gill (FG) cells was identified as a putative cellular receptor (27.8R), which mediated lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) infection via interaction with a 32-kDa viral attachment protein (VAP) of LCDV, and monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against 27.8R and 32-kDa VAP were developed. In this study, the 27.8R was identified as voltage-dependent anion channel protein 2 (VDAC2) and receptor of activated protein C kinase 1 (RACK1) of flounder. Recombinant VDAC2 (rVDAC2) and RACK1 (rRACK1) were obtained by prokaryotic expression, and rabbit anti-VDAC2/RACK1 polyclonal antibodies were prepared. The rVDAC2, rRACK1, and 27.8-kDa proteins in FG cells were recognized by anti-27.8R MAbs and anti-VDAC2/RACK1 polyclonal antibodies simultaneously. Preincubation of FG cells with anti-VDAC2/RACK1 polyclonal antibodies significantly decreased the percentages of LCDV-infected cells and LCDV copy numbers, blocked virus infection, and delayed the development of cytopathic effect. The mRNA expressions of VDAC2 and RACK1 in FG cells were upregulated to maximum levels 12 h and 48 h after LCDV infection, respectively. VDAC2/RACK1 knockdown through short interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly reduced VDAC2/RACK1 expression and LCDV copy numbers in FG cells compared with negative controls, while VDAC2/RACK1 expression on LCDV-nonpermissive epithelial papillosum cells (EPCs) conferred susceptibility to LCDV infection, indicating the VDAC2 and RACK1 were sufficient to allow LCDV entry and infection. All these results collectively showed that VDAC2 and RACK1 function as receptors for LCDV entry and infection.IMPORTANCE Lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) is the causative agent of lymphocystis disease in fish, which has caused huge economic losses to the aquaculture industry worldwide, but the molecular mechanism underlying the LCDV-host interaction remains unclear. Here, the 27.8-kDa putative cellular receptor for LCDV was identified as voltage-dependent anion channel protein 2 (VDAC2) and receptor of activated protein C kinase 1 (RACK1), and our results revealed that VDAC2 and RACK1 expression was sufficient to allow LCDV entry and that they are functional receptors that initiate LCDV infection for the first time, which leads to a better understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying LCDV infection and virus-host interactions.
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3
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Liang Q, Ou M, Ren Y, Yao Z, Hu R, Li J, Liu Y, Wang W. Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of S- adenosyl- L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) during the pathogenic infection of Litopenaeus vannamei by Vibrio alginolyticus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 88:284-292. [PMID: 30849500 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
SAHH is an enzyme, playing a significant role in the catalyzation of the S-adenosyl homocysteine (SAH) into homocysteine (Hcy) and adenosine (Ado). However, little is known information of the enzyme in crustaceans. In the present study, SAHH cDNA was cloned from Litopenaeus vannamei (LvSAHH). The full length of the LvSAHH was found, containing a 5' UTR of 119 bp, an ORF of 1236 bp and a 3' UTR of 549 bp. The LvSAHH gene encoded a polypeptide of 411 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 45.55 kD and a predicted isoelectronic point (pI) of 5.63. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence showed that LvSAHH has high identity (70 %-82%) with other known species. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that LvSAHH mRNA was broadly expressed in all of the examined tissues, while the highest expression level was observed in muscle, followed by the expression in stomach, gill, pleopod, hepatopancreas, heart, eye and intestine. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that LvSAHH was predominantly localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus. LvSAHH mRNA expression levels in hepatopancreas and gill were significantly up-regulated from 6 to 48 h after V. alginolyticus injection and reached the highest level (15-fold and 8-fold, p < 0.01) at 24 h, respectively. Additionally, the Toll-like receptors (TLR) and interleukins-16 (IL-16) were detected in hepatopancreas and gill of LvSAHH-knockdown SAHH. LvRack1, LvToll1, LvToll2, LvToll3 and LvIL-16 transcripts were decreased significantly in LvSAHH-knockdown shrimp at 24 h post V. alginolyticus stimulation in hepatopancreas and gill. But LvToll3 was no significant difference in gill. In summary, these results indicated that LvSAHH may play a regulatory role in the invertebrate innate immune defense by regulating TLR and IL-16 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- QingJian Liang
- College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China; Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, PR China
| | - MuFei Ou
- College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China; Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, PR China
| | - YingHao Ren
- College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China; Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, PR China
| | - ZeNa Yao
- College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China; Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, PR China
| | - Rui Hu
- College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China; Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, PR China
| | - JieZhen Li
- College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China; Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, PR China
| | - Yuan Liu
- College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China; Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, PR China
| | - Weina Wang
- College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China; Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, PR China.
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4
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RACK1 attenuates RLR antiviral signaling by targeting VISA-TRAF complexes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 508:667-674. [PMID: 30527812 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Virus-induced signaling adaptor (VISA), which mediates the production of type I interferon, is crucial for the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor (RLR) signaling pathway. Upon viral infection, RIG-I recognizes double-stranded viral RNA and interacts with VISA to mediate antiviral innate immunity. However, the mechanisms underlying RIG/VISA-mediated antiviral regulation remain unclear. In this study, we confirmed that receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) interacts with VISA and attenuates the RIG/VISA-mediated antiviral innate immune signaling pathway. Overexpression of RACK1 inhibited the interferon-β (IFN-β) promoter; interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE); nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation; and dimerization of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) mediated by RIG-I, VISA, and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1). A reduction in RACK1 expression level upon small interfering RNA knockdown increased RIG/VISA-mediated antiviral transduction. Additionally, RACK1 disrupted formation of the VISA-tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), VISA-TRAF3, and VISA-TRAF6 complexes during RIG-I/VISA-mediated signal transduction. Additionally, RACK1 enhanced K48-linked ubiquitination of VISA, attenuated its K63-linked ubiquitination, and decreased VISA-mediated antiviral signal transduction. Together, these results indicate that RACK1 interacts with VISA to repress downstream signaling and downregulates virus-induced IFN-β production in the RIG-I/VISA signaling pathway.
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5
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Zhang X, Guo J, Wang H, Zhang C, Shi N, Cai W, Jin T, Lin Z, Ma Y, Yang X, Xia Q, Xue P. Underexpression of Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1 (RACK1) in Leukocytes from Patients with Severe Acute Pancreatitis. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2018; 245:205-215. [PMID: 30047498 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.245.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University
| | - Haoyang Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University
| | - Chenlong Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University
| | - Na Shi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University
| | - Wenhao Cai
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University
| | - Ziqi Lin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University
| | - Yun Ma
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University
| | - Xiaonan Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University
| | - Ping Xue
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University
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6
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Qiu G, Liu J, Cheng Q, Wang Q, Jing Z, Pei Y, Zhao M, Wang J, Guo JY, Zhang J. Impaired Autophagy and Defective T Cell Homeostasis in Mice with T Cell-Specific Deletion of Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1. Front Immunol 2017; 8:575. [PMID: 28572806 PMCID: PMC5435764 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays a central role in maintaining T cell homeostasis. Our previous study has shown that hepatocyte-specific deficiency of receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) leads to lipid accumulation in the liver, accompanied by impaired autophagy, but its in vivo role in T cells remains unclear. Here, we report that mice with T cell-specific deletion of RACK1 exhibit normal intrathymic development of conventional T cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells but reduced numbers of peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Such defects are cell intrinsic with impaired mitochondrial clearance, increased sensitivity to cell death, and decreased proliferation that could be explained by impaired autophagy. Furthermore, RACK1 is essential for invariant natural T cell development. In vivo, T cell-specific loss of RACK1 dampens concanavalin A-induced acute liver injury. Our data suggest that RACK1 is a key regulator of T cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Qiu
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qianqian Cheng
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyang Wang
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaofei Jing
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujun Pei
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jessie Yanxiang Guo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, RBHS-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jiyan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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7
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Campagne C, Reyes-Gomez E, Picco ME, Loiodice S, Salaun P, Ezagal J, Bernex F, Commère PH, Pons S, Esquerre D, Bourneuf E, Estellé J, Maskos U, Lopez-Bergami P, Aubin-Houzelstein G, Panthier JJ, Egidy G. RACK1 cooperates with NRAS Q61K to promote melanoma in vivo. Cell Signal 2017; 36:255-266. [PMID: 28343944 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest skin cancer. RACK1 (Receptor for activated protein kinase C) protein was proposed as a biological marker of melanoma in human and domestic animal species harboring spontaneous melanomas. As a scaffold protein, RACK1 is able to coordinate the interaction of key signaling molecules implicated in both physiological cellular functions and tumorigenesis. A role for RACK1 in rewiring ERK and JNK signaling pathways in melanoma cell lines had been proposed. Here, we used a genetic approach to test this hypothesis in vivo in the mouse. We show that Rack1 knock-down in the mouse melanoma cell line B16 reduces invasiveness and induces cell differentiation. We have developed the first mouse model for RACK1 gain of function, Tyr::Rack1-HA transgenic mice, targeting RACK1 to melanocytes in vivo. RACK1 overexpression was not sufficient to initiate melanomas despite activated ERK and AKT. However, in a context of melanoma predisposition, RACK1 overexpression reduced latency and increased incidence and metastatic rate. In primary melanoma cells from Tyr::Rack1-HA, Tyr::NRasQ61K mice, activated JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) and activated STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) acted as RACK1 oncogenic partners in tumoral progression. A sequential and coordinated activation of ERK, JNK and STAT3 with RACK1 is shown to accelerate aggressive melanoma development in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Campagne
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - E Reyes-Gomez
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Unité d'Embryologie, d'Histologie et d'Anatomie Pathologique, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - M E Picco
- Instituto de Medicina y Biologia Experimental, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Loiodice
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - P Salaun
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - J Ezagal
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - F Bernex
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Unité d'Embryologie, d'Histologie et d'Anatomie Pathologique, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - P H Commère
- Plateforme de Cytométrie, Département d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur, F-75724 Paris, France
| | - S Pons
- Unité Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, UMR 3571, CNRS, Institut Pasteur, F75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - D Esquerre
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - E Bourneuf
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France; LREG, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - J Estellé
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - U Maskos
- Unité Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, UMR 3571, CNRS, Institut Pasteur, F75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - P Lopez-Bergami
- Instituto de Medicina y Biologia Experimental, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnologicos, Ambientales y Diagnostico, Universidad Malmonides, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Aubin-Houzelstein
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - J J Panthier
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; CNRS URM 3738, USC INRA 2026, F-75724, France; Institut Pasteur, Département de Biologie du Développement et Cellules Souches, Génétique fonctionnelle de la Souris, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, Paris F-75724, France
| | - G Egidy
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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8
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Jia Z, Wang M, Wang X, Wang L, Song L. The receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) functions in hematopoiesis through JNK activation in Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 57:252-261. [PMID: 27542616 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) is a WD-domain repeating protein which involves in the mediation of various biological processes, including innate immune response. In the present study, a RACK1 (designed as EsRACK1) gene from Chinese mitten crab E. sinensis was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique. The full-length cDNA sequence of EsRACK1 was of 1117 bp with an open reading frame (ORF) of 957 bp encoding a polypeptide of 318 amino acids containing seven WD repeats. EsRACK1 shared 62%-99% similarities with previously identified RACK1s in amino acid sequence, and it was clustered with the RACK1 from Pacifastacus leniusculus in the phylogenetic tree. The mRNA transcripts of EsRACK1 were constitutively expressed in various tissues with the highest expression level in hepatopancreas. The expression of EsRACK1 mRNA in hemocytes were significantly up-regulated post the stimulations with Vibrio anguillarum and Pichia pastoris. After exposure to CdCl2 and pentachlorophenol, the transcripts of EsRACK1 in hemocytes were up-regulated at the late phase from 12 h. When EsRACK1 was knocked down by dsRNA based RNAi, the total hemocyte counts, new-born hemocytes and phosphorylation of JNK were all significantly decreased. In addition, EsRACK1 transcription and phosphorylation of JNK were both decreased in hematopoietic tissue post Aeromonas hydrophila challenge. All the results suggested that EsRACK1 was involved in the innate immune response of the crab and participated in the production of new-born hemocytes through activation of JNK.
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MESH Headings
- Aeromonas hydrophila/physiology
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Arthropod Proteins/chemistry
- Arthropod Proteins/genetics
- Arthropod Proteins/metabolism
- Base Sequence
- Brachyura/drug effects
- Brachyura/genetics
- Brachyura/immunology
- Brachyura/microbiology
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Hematopoiesis/drug effects
- Herbicides/toxicity
- Immunity, Innate
- Metals, Heavy/toxicity
- Phylogeny
- Pichia/physiology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors for Activated C Kinase
- Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Tissue Distribution
- Up-Regulation
- Vibrio/physiology
- Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiudan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
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9
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Lei J, Li Q, Gao Y, Zhao L, Liu Y. Increased PKCα activity by Rack1 overexpression is responsible for chemotherapy resistance in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia-derived cell line. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33717. [PMID: 27644318 PMCID: PMC5028770 DOI: 10.1038/srep33717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistant mechanisms in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) patients are not clarified. The apoptotic signaling mediated by receptor of activated C kinase 1 (Rack1), protein kinase C (PKC) and FEM1 homolog b (FEM1b) was investigated in two T-ALL-derived cell lines (Jurkat and CCRF-CEM) following treatment with chemotherapy drugs vincristine and prednisone. Serum starvation or chemotherapeutic drugs significantly reduced Rack1 level and PKC activation, while promoted cellular apoptosis in both cell lines. Rack1 overexpression protected T-ALL cell against starvation or chemotherapeutic drug-induced apoptosis. Moreover, Rack1 overexpression reduced the level of cytochrome c and active caspase 3 as well as FEM1b and apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1), and inhibited induction of cellular apoptosis in chemotherapeutic drug-treated Jurkat cell. Interaction of Rack1 and PKCα, not PKCβ, was detected in both cell lines. Of note, Rack1 overexpression abrogated reduction of PKC kinase activity in chemotherapeutic drug-treated T-ALL cell. PKC kinase inhibitor Go6976 or siPKCα inhibited downregulation of FEM1b and/or Apaf-1, and thus increased cellular apoptosis in Rack1-overexpressed T-ALL cell receiving chemotherapeutic drugs. Accordingly, our data provided evidence that increased Rack1-mediated upregulation of PKC kinase activity may be responsible for the development of chemoresistance in T-ALL-derived cell line potentially by reducing FEM1b and Apaf-1 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lei
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, People's Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi, XiAn, PR China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
| | - Yanbo Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
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10
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Qian L, Shi J, Zhang C, Lu J, Lu X, Wu K, Yang C, Yan D, Zhang C, You Q, Liu X. Downregulation of RACK1 is associated with cardiomyocyte apoptosis after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in adult rats. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 52:305-313. [PMID: 26659395 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9981-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) is a multifaceted scaffolding protein that mediates the shuttling of activated protein kinase C (PKC) to cellular membranes. In addition, RACK1 could decrease cell apoptosis in a variety of disease models. However, the function of RACK1 in cardiomyocyte apoptosis after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is unknown. In this study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and subjected to myocardial I/R insult consisting of 30 min left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion followed by reperfusion for 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h. The expression of RACK1 was decreased after myocardial I/R and was associated with cardiomyocyte apoptosis. To further verify the relationship between RACK1 and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, H9c2 cardiomyocytes were cultured under hypoxia for 6 h, then maintained in the regular incubator to reoxygenation. After H9c2 cells were transfected with Flag-RACK1 to overexpress RACK1, RACK1 expression was upregulated in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) 4 h group accompanied with the decrease of cleaved caspase-3 and the increase of Bcl-2 expression. Terminal transferase-mediated biotin dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay showed that RACK1 overexpression inhibited H9c2 cell apoptosis induced by H/R treatment. Our data suggested that RACK1 might suppress cardiomyocyte apoptosis after I/R, providing a novel molecular target for the therapy of ischemia heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Qian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahai Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Vasculocardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoning Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunpeng Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Daliang Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Vasculocardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingsheng You
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Lin W, Zhang Z, Xu Z, Wang B, Li X, Cao H, Wang Y, Zheng SJ. The association of receptor of activated protein kinase C 1(RACK1) with infectious bursal disease virus viral protein VP5 and voltage-dependent anion channel 2 (VDAC2) inhibits apoptosis and enhances viral replication. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:8500-10. [PMID: 25583988 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.585687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an acute, highly contagious, and immunosuppressive avian disease caused by IBD virus (IBDV). Our previous report indicates that IBDV VP5 induces apoptosis via interaction with voltage-dependent anion channel 2 (VDAC2). However, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. We report here that receptor of activated protein kinase C 1 (RACK1) interacts with both VDAC2 and VP5 and that they could form a complex. We found that overexpression of RACK1 inhibited IBDV-induced apoptosis in DF-1 cells and that knockdown of RACK1 by small interfering RNA induced apoptosis associated with activation of caspases 9 and 3 and suppressed IBDV growth. These results indicate that RACK1 plays an antiapoptotic role during IBDV infection via interaction with VDAC2 and VP5, suggesting that VP5 sequesters RACK1 and VDAC2 in the apoptosis-inducing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Lin
- From the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, and College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, and College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhichao Xu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, and College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bin Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, and College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, and College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong Cao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, and College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, and College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shijun J Zheng
- From the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, and College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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12
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González-Calixto C, Cázares-Raga FE, Cortés-Martínez L, Del Angel RM, Medina-Ramírez F, Mosso C, Ocádiz-Ruiz R, Valenzuela JG, Rodríguez MH, Hernández-Hernández FDLC. AealRACK1 expression and localization in response to stress in C6/36 HT mosquito cells. J Proteomics 2014; 119:45-60. [PMID: 25555378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1 (RACK1), a scaffold protein member of the tryptophan-aspartate (WD) repeat family, folds in a seven-bladed β-propeller structure that permits the association of proteins to form active complexes. Mosquitoes of the genus Aedes sp., are vectors of virus producing important diseases such as: dengue, chikungunya and yellow fever. Based on the highly conserved gene sequence of AeaeRACK1 of the mosquito Aedes aegypti we characterized the mRNA and protein of the homologous AealRACK1 from the Ae. albopictus-derived cell line C6/36 HT. Two protein species differing in MW/pI values were observed at 35kDa/8.0 and 36kDa/6.5. The behavior of AealRACK1 was studied inducing stress with serum deprivation and the glucocorticoid dexamethasone. Both stressors induced increase of the expression of AealRACK1 mRNA and proteins. In serum-deprived cells AealRACK1 protein was located cortically near the plasma membrane in contrast to dexamethasone-treated cells where the protein formed a dotted pattern in the cytoplasm. In addition, 33 protein partners were identified by immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. Most of the identified proteins were ribosomal, involved in signaling pathways and stress responses. Our results suggest that AealRACK1 in C6/36 HT cells respond to stress increasing its synthesis and producing phosphorylated activated form. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Insect cells adapt to numerous environmental stressors, including chemicals and invasion of pathogenic microorganisms among others, coordinating cellular and organismal responses. Individual cells sense the environment using receptors that trigger signaling pathways that regulate expression of specific effector proteins and/or cellular responses as movement or secretion. In the coordination of responses to stress, scaffold proteins are pivotal molecules that recruit other proteins forming active complexes. The Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1 (RACK1) is the best studied member of the conserved tryptophan-aspartate (WD) repeat family. RACK1 folds in a seven-bladed β-propeller structure and it could be activated during stress, participating in different signaling pathways. The presence and activities of RACK1 in mosquitoes had not been documented before, in this work the molecule is demonstrated in an Aedes albopictus-derived cell line and its reaction to stress is observed under the effect of serum deprivation and the presence of glucocorticoid analog dexamethasone, a chemical used to cause stress in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia González-Calixto
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional # 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 México D.F., Mexico
| | - Febe E Cázares-Raga
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional # 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 México D.F., Mexico
| | - Leticia Cortés-Martínez
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional # 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 México D.F., Mexico
| | - Rosa María Del Angel
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional # 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 México D.F., Mexico
| | - Fernando Medina-Ramírez
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional # 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 México D.F., Mexico
| | - Clemente Mosso
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional # 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 México D.F., Mexico
| | - Ramón Ocádiz-Ruiz
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional # 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 México D.F., Mexico
| | - Jesús G Valenzuela
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Mario Henry Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Fidel de la Cruz Hernández-Hernández
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional # 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 México D.F., Mexico.
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13
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Luo J, Zuo J, Wu J, Wan P, Kang D, Xiang C, Zhu H, Chen J. In vivo RNAi screen identifies candidate signaling genes required for collective cell migration in Drosophila ovary. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2014; 58:379-89. [PMID: 25528253 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-014-4786-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Collective migration of loosely or closely associated cell groups is prevalent in animal development, physiological events, and cancer metastasis. However, our understanding of the mechanisms of collective cell migration is incomplete. Drosophila border cells provide a powerful in vivo genetic model to study collective migration and identify essential genes for this process. Using border cell-specific RNAi-silencing in Drosophila, we knocked down 360 conserved signaling transduction genes in adult flies to identify essential pathways and genes for border cell migration. We uncovered a plethora of signaling genes, a large proportion of which had not been reported for border cells, including Rack1 (Receptor of activated C kinase) and brk (brinker), mad (mother against dpp), and sax (saxophone), which encode three components of TGF-β signaling. The RNAi knock down phenotype was validated by clonal analysis of Rack1 mutants. Our data suggest that inhibition of Src activity by Rack1 may be important for border cell migration and cluster cohesion maintenance. Lastly, results from our screen not only would shed light on signaling pathways involved in collective migration during embryogenesis and organogenesis in general, but also could help our understanding for the functions of conserved human genes involved in cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Luo
- Model Animal Research Center, and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
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14
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Cloning and characterization of neoplasia-related genes in flat oyster Ostrea edulis. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 23:138-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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Abstract
Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) have long been considered important but unglamorous elements in the production of the protein synthesis machinery of the cell. Recently, however, several independent lines of evidence have indicated that these non-coding RNAs might have crucial roles in controlling cell behaviour, and snoRNA dysfunction could consequently contribute to oncogenesis in previously unsuspected ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwyn T Williams
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Huxley Building, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK.
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16
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Myklebust LM, Akslen LA, Varhaug JE, Lillehaug JR. Receptor for activated protein C kinase 1 (RACK1) is overexpressed in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid 2011; 21:1217-25. [PMID: 22007921 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2010.0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) has been shown to be overexpressed in several types of cancers such as breast, colon, melanomas, and lung. RACK1 is linked to Ras-Raf-mediated signal transduction and transformed foci formation of 3T3 cells in vitro, and since this pathway is central in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) oncogenesis, we hypothesized that RACK1 could play a role in the development or maintenance of PTC. No report on RACK1 expression in thyroid tissue is available; the present study was therefore aimed at identifying possible correlation of RACK1 expression at the mRNA or protein level in normal thyroid tissue compared to PTC. METHODS We used TaqMan quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry to study the RACK1 gene and protein expression in matched tumor and nontumor samples from 59 PTC patients. The tumor samples were divided into two main categories, low-risk (group 1-3) and high-risk (group 4-6), in accordance with both histological classification and clinical appearance. RESULTS RACK1 mRNA and protein levels were found highly overexpressed in tumor samples, whereas Ki-Ras mRNA was found to be relatively unchanged. B-Raf mRNA expression was low and detected only in tumor samples. Sequencing analysis detected no mutations in RACK1 or Ki-Ras, but 62.7% of the patients harbored the B-Raf single-nucleotide substitution T1799A (codon V600E). Phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in tumor cells. Poorly differentiated and undifferentiated PTCs expressed significantly higher RACK1 mRNA levels than well-differentiated PTCs (p<0.017). CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings point to an important role of RACK1 protein in PTC development and progression. Our data also emphasize the importance of assessing protein expression and not only mRNA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line M Myklebust
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Adams DR, Ron D, Kiely PA. RACK1, A multifaceted scaffolding protein: Structure and function. Cell Commun Signal 2011; 9:22. [PMID: 21978545 PMCID: PMC3195729 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-9-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1 (RACK1) is a member of the tryptophan-aspartate repeat (WD-repeat) family of proteins and shares significant homology to the β subunit of G-proteins (Gβ). RACK1 adopts a seven-bladed β-propeller structure which facilitates protein binding. RACK1 has a significant role to play in shuttling proteins around the cell, anchoring proteins at particular locations and in stabilising protein activity. It interacts with the ribosomal machinery, with several cell surface receptors and with proteins in the nucleus. As a result, RACK1 is a key mediator of various pathways and contributes to numerous aspects of cellular function. Here, we discuss RACK1 gene and structure and its role in specific signaling pathways, and address how posttranslational modifications facilitate subcellular location and translocation of RACK1. This review condenses several recent studies suggesting a role for RACK1 in physiological processes such as development, cell migration, central nervous system (CN) function and circadian rhythm as well as reviewing the role of RACK1 in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Adams
- Department of Life Sciences, and Materials and Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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A critical role for non-coding RNA GAS5 in growth arrest and rapamycin inhibition in human T-lymphocytes. Biochem Soc Trans 2011; 39:482-6. [PMID: 21428924 DOI: 10.1042/bst0390482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Non-coding RNA GAS5 (growth arrest-specific transcript 5) is a 5'-TOP (5'-terminal oligopyrimidine tract) RNA, whose translation, and consequently also stability, is controlled by the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway. GAS5 was identified by functional expression cloning and is necessary and sufficient for normal growth arrest in both leukaemic and untransformed human T-lymphocytes. GAS5 is also required for the inhibitory effects of rapamycin and its analogues on T-cells. The striking functional effects of GAS5 may be mediated through the snoRNAs (small nucleolar RNAs) encoded in its introns and/or through the unusual folding of the mRNA itself, which sequesters, and therefore inhibits, the glucocorticoid receptor.
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Courtiade J, Muck A, Svatos A, Heckel DG, Pauchet Y. Comparative proteomic analysis of Helicoverpa armigera cells undergoing apoptosis. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:2633-42. [PMID: 21452889 DOI: 10.1021/pr2001868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is of crucial importance in the life of multicellular organisms. In holometabolous insects, particularly in Lepidoptera, apoptosis is essential in biological processes such as metamorphosis and defense against pathogens. Apoptosis is tightly regulated and involves many proteins, among them caspases, which play a central role. In mammals, almost 300 targets of caspases have been described, and the expression of more than a hundred proteins has been shown to be altered in apoptotic cells. To date, the molecular pathways controlling apoptosis are poorly understood in Lepidoptera. Here, we used a comparative approach aiming to identify candidate proteins potentially implicated in these pathways. We examined changes occurring, in the proteome of a Helicoverpa armigera-derived cell line, upon induction by actinomycin D. We identified 13 proteins for which the relative abundance was significantly altered. Among these, the abundance of procaspase-1 decreased in apoptotic cells, reflecting its processing into the active form. We characterized its properties by heterologous expression and correlated the observed substrate specificity with changes in caspase activity in HaAM1 cells after induction. We also identified three chaperones as well as several putative pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins. Altogether, these data suggest that apoptotic pathways in Lepidoptera share similarities with the ones described in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Courtiade
- Entomology Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Mörbt N, Tomm J, Feltens R, Mögel I, Kalkhof S, Murugesan K, Wirth H, Vogt C, Binder H, Lehmann I, von Bergen M. Chlorinated benzenes cause concomitantly oxidative stress and induction of apoptotic markers in lung epithelial cells (A549) at nonacute toxic concentrations. J Proteome Res 2010; 10:363-78. [PMID: 21171652 DOI: 10.1021/pr1005718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In industrialized countries, people spend more time indoors and are therefore increasingly exposed to volatile organic compounds that are emitted at working places and from consumer products, paintings, and furniture, with chlorobenzene (CB) and 1,2-dichlorobenzene (DCB) being representatives of the halogenated arenes. To unravel the molecular effects of low concentrations typical for indoor and occupational exposure, we exposed human lung epithelial cells to CB and DCB and analyzed the effects on the proteome level by 2-D DIGE, where 860 protein spots were detected. A set of 25 and 30 proteins were found to be significantly altered due to exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of 10(-2) g/m(3) of CB or 10(-3) g/m(3) of DCB (2.2 and 0.17 ppm), respectively. The most enriched pathways were cell death signaling, oxidative stress response, protein quality control, and metabolism. The involvement of oxidative stress was validated by ROS measurement. Among the regulated proteins, 28, for example, voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2, PDCD6IP protein, heat shock protein beta-1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, nucleophosmin, seryl-tRNA synthetase, prohibitin, and protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1, could be correlated with the molecular pathway of cell death signaling. Caspase 3 activation by cleavage was confirmed for both CB and DCB by immunoblotting. Treatment with CB or DCB also caused differential protein phosphorylation, for example, at the proteins HNRNP C1/C2, serine-threonine receptor associated protein, and transaldolase 1. Compared to previous results, where cells were exposed to styrene, for the chlorinated aromatic substances besides oxidative stress, apoptosis was found as the predominant cellular response mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Mörbt
- Department of Proteomics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
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Pickard MR, Edwards SE, Cooper CS, Williams GT. Apoptosis regulators Fau and Bcl-G are down-regulated in prostate cancer. Prostate 2010; 70:1513-23. [PMID: 20687224 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular control of cell death through apoptosis is compromised in prostate cancer cells, resulting in inappropriate cell survival and resistance to cytotoxic therapy. Reduced expression of the functionally connected apoptosis-regulators and candidate tumor suppressors Fau and Bcl-G has recently been implicated in oncogenesis in other tissues. The present study examines the hypothesis that reduced expression of these genes may be involved in prostate cancer. METHODS Fau and Bcl-G mRNA levels were determined by real time RT-PCR in two independent prostate tissue collections. In experiments in vitro, Fau and Bcl-G levels in prostate cancer cell lines were reduced using RNA interference and the effects on sensitivity to UVC irradiation were determined. RESULTS Fau and Bcl-G mRNA levels were both lower in prostate cancer tissue than in normal prostate and Benign Prostate Hyperplasia. Active down-regulation of Fau and Bcl-G expression in vitro resulted in decreased sensitivity to UVC-induced cytotoxicity. Simultaneous down-regulation of Fau and Bcl-G produced a decrease in sensitivity which was similar to either gene alone. CONCLUSIONS Fau and Bcl-G mRNA levels are both decreased in prostate cancer. In prostate cancer cell lines in vitro such down-regulation results in reduced sensitivity to UVC-induced cytotoxicity, consistent with the putative roles of these genes as candidate prostate tumor suppressors. The absence of an additive effect when Fau and Bcl-G were down-regulated simultaneously is consistent with the two genes acting in the same apoptosis pathway, for example, with the pro-apoptotic effects of Fau being mediated through modulation of Bcl-G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Pickard
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, UK
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22
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Wu Y, Wang Y, Sun Y, Zhang L, Wang D, Ren F, Chang D, Chang Z, Jia B. RACK1 promotes Bax oligomerization and dissociates the interaction of Bax and Bcl-XL. Cell Signal 2010; 22:1495-501. [PMID: 20541605 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2010.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bax, a member of Bcl-2 family, plays an essential role in apoptotic pathways induced by a number of apoptotic stimulus. In a search for new potential binding partners of Bax, we identified the receptor for activated C-kinase 1 (RACK1) by a yeast two-hybrid assay. We demonstrated that RACK1 interacts with Bax through its BH3 domain both in vitro and in vivo. Using immunostaining and immunoprecipitation experiments, we found that RACK1 colocalizes with Bax oligomers and promotes Bax oligomerization both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we observed that RACK1 also interacts with Bcl-XL, an anti-apoptotic protein associated with Bax. Interestingly, the Bcl-XL/Bax interaction is decreased when RACK1 is overexpressed, but is increased when RACK1 is depleted, suggesting RACK1 disrupts the association of Bax and Bcl-XL. In addition, we found that overexpression of RACK1 promotes UV-induced apoptosis, while knocking down RACK1 inhibits the effects. Together, these results indicate that RACK1 promotes apoptosis by promoting Bax oligomerization and dissociating the complex of Bax and Bcl-XL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyuan Wu
- School of Medicine, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing (100084), China
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23
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De Toni-Costes F, Despeaux M, Bertrand J, Bourogaa E, Ysebaert L, Payrastre B, Racaud-Sultan C. A New alpha5beta1 integrin-dependent survival pathway through GSK3beta activation in leukemic cells. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9807. [PMID: 20352103 PMCID: PMC2843713 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cell survival mediated by integrin engagement has been implicated in cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance. We have recently demonstrated that the activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSK3β) is a new pathway supporting the chemoresistance of leukemic cells adhered to fibronectin. Methodology and Principal Findings We show here that in conditions of serum starvation, the fibronectin receptor α5β1 integrin, but not α4β1, induced activation of GSK3β through Ser-9 dephosphorylation in adherent U937 cells. The GSK3β-dependent survival pathway occurred in adherent leukemic cells from patients but not in the HL-60 and KG1 cell lines. In adhesion, activated GSK3β was found in the cytosol/plasma membrane compartment and was co-immunoprecipitated with α5 integrin, the phosphatase PP2A and the scaffolding protein RACK1. PP2A and its regulatory subunit B' regulated the Ser-9 phosphorylation of GSK3β. In adherent leukemic cells, α5β1 integrin but not α4β1 upregulated the resistance to TNFα-induced apoptosis. Both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways were under the control of α5β1 and GSK3β. Conclusions and Significance Our data show that, upon serum starvation, α5β1 integrin engagement could regulate specific pro-survival functions through the activation of GSK3β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne De Toni-Costes
- Unité 563, Institut National des Sciences et de la Recherche Médicale, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Mathieu Despeaux
- Unité 563, Institut National des Sciences et de la Recherche Médicale, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Jessica Bertrand
- Unité 563, Institut National des Sciences et de la Recherche Médicale, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Ezzeddine Bourogaa
- Unité 563, Institut National des Sciences et de la Recherche Médicale, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Loïc Ysebaert
- Unité 563, Institut National des Sciences et de la Recherche Médicale, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Service d'Hématologie, Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Payrastre
- Unité 563, Institut National des Sciences et de la Recherche Médicale, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Racaud-Sultan
- Unité 563, Institut National des Sciences et de la Recherche Médicale, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France
- * E-mail:
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Apraiz I, Cajaraville MP, Cristobal S. Peroxisomal proteomics: biomonitoring in mussels after the Prestige's oil spill. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2009; 58:1815-1826. [PMID: 19732914 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Revised: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisomal proteomics was applied to assess possible biological effects after the Prestige's oil spill. Mussels were sampled in July 2004 and 2005 in four stations in the NW (closest to the spill) and NE coasts of the Iberian Peninsula. Principal components analysis (PCA) suggested differences in protein expression among stations and sampling years. Several proteins were putatively identified by mass spectrometry and immunolocalization. PC1 separated the NW stations in 2004 from the rest of the stations and sampling years mainly due to up-regulation of peroxisomal beta-oxidation proteins and PMP70. PC3 separated the NE stations, based on up-regulation of the antioxidant enzyme catalase in 2004 compared to 2005. PC4 separated the stations in the NE and the NW. This work shows that environmental proteomics, together with multivariate data analysis, could provide information to interpret the effects of oil spills at cellular level in mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itxaso Apraiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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Inayat-Hussain SH, Wong LT, Chan KM, Rajab NF, Din LB, Harun R, Kizilors A, Saxena N, Mourtada-Maarabouni M, Farzaneh F, Williams GT. RACK-1 overexpression protects against goniothalamin-induced cell death. Toxicol Lett 2009; 191:118-22. [PMID: 19698770 PMCID: PMC2845802 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Revised: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 08/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Goniothalamin, a styryllactone, has been shown to induce cytotoxicity via apoptosis in several tumor cell lines. In this study, we have examined the potential role of several genes, which were stably transfected into T-cell lines and which regulate apoptosis in different ways, on goniothalamin-induced cell death. Overexpression of full-length receptor for activated protein C-kinase 1 (RACK-1) and pc3n3, which up-regulates endogenous RACK-1, in both Jurkat and W7.2 T cells resulted in inhibition of goniothalamin-induced cell death as assessed by MTT and clonogenic assays. However, overexpression of rFau (antisense sequence to Finkel-Biskis-Reilly murine sarcoma virus-associated ubiquitously expressed gene) in W7.2 cells did not confer resistance to goniothalamin-induced cell death. Etoposide, a clinically used cytotoxic agent, was equipotent in causing cytotoxicity in all the stable transfectants. Assessment of DNA damage by Comet assay revealed goniothalamin-induced DNA strand breaks as early as 1 h in vector control but this effect was inhibited in RACK-1 and pc3n3 stably transfected W7.2 cells. This data demonstrate that RACK-1 plays a crucial role in regulating cell death signalling pathways induced by goniothalamin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Inayat-Hussain
- Toxicology and Biocompatibility Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
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26
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GAS5, a non-protein-coding RNA, controls apoptosis and is downregulated in breast cancer. Oncogene 2008; 28:195-208. [PMID: 18836484 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 617] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Effective control of both cell survival and cell proliferation is critical to the prevention of oncogenesis and to successful cancer therapy. Using functional expression cloning, we have identified GAS5 (growth arrest-specific transcript 5) as critical to the control of mammalian apoptosis and cell population growth. GAS5 transcripts are subject to complex post-transcriptional processing and some, but not all, GAS5 transcripts sensitize mammalian cells to apoptosis inducers. We have found that, in some cell lines, GAS5 expression induces growth arrest and apoptosis independently of other stimuli. GAS5 transcript levels were significantly reduced in breast cancer samples relative to adjacent unaffected normal breast epithelial tissues. The GAS5 gene has no significant protein-coding potential but expression encodes small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) in its introns. Taken together with the recent demonstration of tumor suppressor characteristics in the related snoRNA U50, our observations suggest that such snoRNAs form a novel family of genes controlling oncogenesis and sensitivity to therapy in cancer.
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27
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Zhang W, Cheng GZ, Gong J, Hermanto U, Zong CS, Chan J, Cheng JQ, Wang LH. RACK1 and CIS mediate the degradation of BimEL in cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:16416-26. [PMID: 18420585 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m802360200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
RACK1 is a 7-WD motif-containing protein with numerous downstream effectors regulating various cellular functions. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified dynein light chain 1 as a novel interacting partner of RACK1. Additionally, we demonstrated that RACK1 formed a complex with DLC1 and Bim, specifically BimEL, in the presence of apoptotic agents. Upon paclitaxel treatment, RACK1, DLC1, and CIS mediated the degradation of BimEL through the ElonginB/C-Cullin2-CIS ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase complex. We further showed that RACK1 conferred paclitaxel resistance to breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we observed an inverse correlation between CIS and BimEL levels in both ovarian and breast cancer cell lines and specimens. Our study suggests a role of RACK1 in protecting cancer cells from apoptosis by regulating the degradation of BimEL, which together with CIS could play an important role of drug resistance in chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhou Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
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28
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Kadrmas JL, Smith MA, Pronovost SM, Beckerle MC. Characterization of RACK1 function in Drosophila development. Dev Dyn 2007; 236:2207-15. [PMID: 17584887 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1 (RACK1) is a cytoplasmic molecular scaffolding protein. Many diverse protein-binding partners involved in key signaling pathways are reported to bind to RACK1, suggesting a role for RACK1 in signal integration. However, because loss-of-function phenotypes for RACK1 in an intact organism have not yet been reported, our current understanding of RACK1 is limited. Using Drosophila melanogaster, we show that RACK1 is expressed at all developmental stages and in many tissues, with specific enrichment in the ovary. By characterizing an allelic series of RACK1 mutants, we demonstrate that RACK1 is essential at multiple steps of Drosophila development, particularly in oogenesis, where somatic RACK1 is required for proper germ-line function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie L Kadrmas
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
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29
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O'Donovan HC, Kiely PA, O'Connor R. Effects of RACK1 on cell migration and IGF-I signalling in cardiomyoctes are not dependent on an association with the IGF-IR. Cell Signal 2007; 19:2588-95. [PMID: 17900863 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2007.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2007] [Accepted: 08/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
RACK1 can act as a scaffolding protein to integrate IGF-IR and integrin signalling in transformed cells but its actions in regulating IGF-IR signalling in non-transformed cells are less well understood. Here, we investigated the function of RACK1 in the non-transformed cardiomyocyte cell line H9c2. Overexpression of RACK1 in H9c2 cells was sufficient to increase cell size, increase adhesion to collagen 1, enhance protection from hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death, and increase cell migration. However, cell proliferation was decreased in these cells. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated suppression of RACK1 in H9c2 cells resulted in decreased cell adhesion and migration, but had no effect on cell proliferation or size. Increased basal and IGF-I-mediated Erk phosphorylation was observed in RACK1-overexpressing H9c2 cells. Interestingly, contrary to observations in transformed cells, RACK1 was not observed to interact with the IGF-IR in H9c2 cells. Also in contrast to observations in transformed cells, IGF-I promoted recruitment of Src to RACK1 as well as recruitment of PKCalpha, and PKCepsilon to RACK1. Overall, the data indicate that in H9c2 cells RACK1 can influence cell size, cell survival, adhesion, migration, but its responses to IGF-I are independent of an association with the IGF-IR. Thus, the composition of the RACK1 scaffolding complex and its effects on IGF-I signalling may be different in transformed and non-transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen C O'Donovan
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, BioSciences Institute, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
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30
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Siah A, Masson R, Loup B, Bultelle F, Pellerin J, Leboulenger F, Danger JM. Receptor activated C kinase is down-regulated in the male gonad of the marine bivalve mollusc Mya arenaria exposed to tributyltin (TBT). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2007; 83:295-305. [PMID: 17582516 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2007] [Revised: 05/06/2007] [Accepted: 05/08/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating the molecular mechanisms by which tributyltin (TBT) impairs the reproductive processes in the marine bivalve Mya arenaria. The suppression polymerase chain reaction subtractive hybridization (SSH) method was used to identify differentially expressed transcripts in the gonads of adult M. arenaria 72 h after a single injection of 160 ng TBT in the adductor muscle. Subtractive cDNA libraries comprising 322 clones were obtained. These clones were sequenced and corresponded to 55 female and 26 single male non-redundant cDNAs. Following similarity searches in genome databases, some of the transcripts could be assigned to cellular functions including mitochondrial respiration, structural proteins, structure of cytoskeleton, nucleic acid regulation, general metabolism and signal transduction. Among the potentially differentially regulated transcripts, Receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) represented 6% of the total down-regulated clones in males and the corresponding protein exhibited a high degree of similarity (80%) with the human polypeptide. The RACK1 cDNA from M. arenaria consists of 1085 bp, encoding a 318 deduced polypeptide which contains five internal tryptophan-aspartate (WD) repeats, six putative PKC phosphorylation sites, one tyrosine kinase site, four putative N-myristoylation sites as well as a transmembrane segment spanning amino acid 228-251. A significant down-regulation (by approximately 30% (p<0.05)) of RACK1 expression in male gonads exposed to TBT was confirmed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Transcript levels of RACK1 were higher in the female gonads than in the mantle, gills and male gonads. Gene expression as detected by in situ hybridization was strong in mature oocytes comparatively to primary germ cells. RACK1 may be a useful biomarker for TBT exposure in the reproductive system of bivalve molluscs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Siah
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, University of Le Havrse, 25 rue P. Lebon, BP 540, 76058 Le Havre Cedex, France
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