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Marešová L, Moos M, Opekar S, Kazek M, Eichler C, Šimek P. A validated HPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of ecdysteroid hormones in subminimal amounts of biological material. J Lipid Res 2024:100640. [PMID: 39244035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Ecdysteroids represent a large class of polyhydroxylated steroids which, due to their anabolic properties, are marketed as dietary supplements. Some ecdysteroids also act as important hormones in arthropods, where they regulate molting, development, and reproduction and many of these insects are miniature organisms that contain submicroliter levels of circulating biofluids Analysis of ecdysteroids is further complicated by their very low abundance, large fluctuations during development, and difficult access to a pooled sample, which is important for quantitative measurements. In this work, we propose a new method that overcomes the described difficulties and allows validated quantification of four ecdysteroids in minimal amounts of biological material. After methanolic extraction, detectability of the ecdysteroids is increased 16- to 20-fold by conversion to their 14,15-anhydrooximes. These are further purified by pipette tip solid phase extraction (PT-SPE) on a three-layer sorbent and subjected to HPLC-MS/MS analysis. Full validation was achieved using hemolymph from larvae of the firebug Pyrrhocoris apterus as a blank matrix and by the determination of ecdysteroids in a single Drosophila larva. The LLOQs for the four target ecdysteroids (20-hydroxyecdysone, ecdysone, makisterone A, and 2-deoxyecdysone) were 0.01; 0.1; 0.05; 0.025 pg·mL-1 (20; 200; 100; 50 fmol·mL-1) respectively, with very good accuracy, precision (RSD < 15%) and recoveries (96% - 119.9%).The general suitability of the new method was demonstrated by quantification of ecdysteroids in various biological materials including human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Marešová
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 16628, Prague
| | - Martin Moos
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Opekar
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Michalina Kazek
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Clemens Eichler
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šimek
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South Bohemia, J. Boreckého 1167/27, 370 11 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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Franco RR, Franco RM, Justino AB, Borges ALS, Bittar VP, Saito N, Saraiva AL, Júnior NN, Otoni WC, Espindola FS. Phytochemical composition of aerial parts and roots of Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen and anticholinesterase, antioxidant, and antiglycation activities. PROTOPLASMA 2024; 261:609-624. [PMID: 38200344 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01916-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The Pfaffia glomerata, a plant popularly called Brazilian ginseng, is widely used in Brazil for the treatment of various pathologies, including those associated with the Central Nervous System. 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), a phytosteroid present in this plant, can promote adaptogenic effects in the organism, providing greater body resistance to stressors. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition and the anticholinesterase, antioxidant, and antiglycation effects of extracts and fractions of aerial parts and roots of P. glomerata, also analyzing their possible cytotoxic effects. The fractions were obtained by partitioning methanol extracts from the aerial part and roots of P. glomerata with hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. The samples were initially tested in anticholinesterase, antioxidant, and antiglycation assays, and the most promising samples were submitted for cytotoxicity and chromatographic analyses. Mass spectrometry and chromatography methods revealed that 20E was the main compound in the dichloromethane fractions, there being 35% more 20E in the aerial part (APD) than in the roots (RD). Added to the higher concentration of 20E, the APD fraction also presented more promising results than the RD fraction in anticholinesterase and antioxidant analyses, indicating that their effects may be related to the concentration of 20E. These same fractions showed no hemolytic effects but were cytotoxic in high concentrations. These new findings contribute to scientific information about P. glomerata and open more perspectives for the understanding of its therapeutic properties, allowing the association of biological activity with the presence of 20E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Rodrigues Franco
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Acre, S/N, Bloco 2E/237, Uberlândia, MG, CEP 38405-319, 38408-100, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Catalão, Catalão, GO, 75706-881, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Martins Franco
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Acre, S/N, Bloco 2E/237, Uberlândia, MG, CEP 38405-319, 38408-100, Brazil
| | - Allisson Benatti Justino
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Acre, S/N, Bloco 2E/237, Uberlândia, MG, CEP 38405-319, 38408-100, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Silva Borges
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Acre, S/N, Bloco 2E/237, Uberlândia, MG, CEP 38405-319, 38408-100, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Prado Bittar
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Acre, S/N, Bloco 2E/237, Uberlândia, MG, CEP 38405-319, 38408-100, Brazil
| | - Natieli Saito
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Acre, S/N, Bloco 2E/237, Uberlândia, MG, CEP 38405-319, 38408-100, Brazil
| | - André Lopes Saraiva
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Acre, S/N, Bloco 2E/237, Uberlândia, MG, CEP 38405-319, 38408-100, Brazil
| | - Nilson Nicolau Júnior
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Acre, S/N, Bloco 2E/237, Uberlândia, MG, CEP 38405-319, 38408-100, Brazil
| | - Wagner Campos Otoni
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos/BIOAGRO, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Foued Salmen Espindola
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Acre, S/N, Bloco 2E/237, Uberlândia, MG, CEP 38405-319, 38408-100, Brazil.
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3
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Wei Y, Sun Y, Jia S, Yan P, Xiong C, Qi M, Wang C, Du Z, Jiang H. Identification of endogenous carbonyl steroids in human serum by chemical derivatization, hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and the quantitative structure-retention relationship. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1226:123776. [PMID: 37311272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Steroids are tetracyclic aliphatic compounds, and most of them contain carbonyl groups. The disordered homeostasis of steroids is closely related to the occurrence and progression of various diseases. Due to high structural similarity, low concentrations in vivo, poor ionization efficiency, and interference from endogenous substances, it is very challenging to comprehensively and unambiguously identify endogenous steroids in biological matrix. Herein, an integrated strategy was developed for the characterization of endogenous steroids in serum based on chemical derivatization, ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole Exactive mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS), hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange, and a quantitative structure-retention relationship (QSRR) model. To enhance the mass spectrometry (MS) response of carbonyl steroids, the ketonic carbonyl group was derivatized by Girard T (GT). Firstly, the fragmentation rules of derivatized carbonyl steroid standards by GT were summarized. Then, carbonyl steroids in serum were derivatized by GT and identified based on the fragmentation rules or by comparing retention time and MS/MS spectra with those of standards. H/D exchange MS was utilized to distinguish derivatized steroid isomers for the first time. Finally, a QSRR model was constructed to predict the retention time of the unknown steroid derivatives. With this strategy, 93 carbonyl steroids were identified from human serum, and 30 of them were determined to be dicarbonyl steroids by the charge number of characteristic ions and the number of exchangeable hrdrogen or comparing with standards. The QSRR model built by the machine learning algorithms has an excellent regression correlation, thus the accurate structures of 14 carbonyl steroids were determined, among which three steroids were reported for the first time in human serum. This study provides a new analytical method for the comprehensive and reliable identification of carbonyl steroids in biological matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyu Wei
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shuailong Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410028, China
| | - Chaomei Xiong
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Meiling Qi
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhifeng Du
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Hongliang Jiang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Kijewska M, Zawadzka M, Stefanowicz P. High-Temperature, Solid-Phase Reaction of α-Amino Groups in Peptides with Lactose and Glucose: An Alternative Mechanism Leading to an α-Ketoacyl Derivative. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:5796-5803. [PMID: 37000938 PMCID: PMC10103172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of proteins with reducing sugars results in the formation of Amadori products, which involves the N-terminal group and/or ε-amino group of the lysine side chain. However, less attention has been given to the reactivity of the N-terminus of a peptide chain under similar conditions. In our work, we focused on the reaction of the α-amino group of peptides in the presence of a reducing sugar, specifically lactose. We optimized the reaction conditions of model peptides with lactose in the solid phase and showed that temperatures above 120 °C lead to the deamination of the N-terminal amino acid moiety, ultimately resulting in α-ketoacids. We carried out detailed studies to confirm the structure of the deaminated product using analytical methods such as ESI-MS and LC-MS/MS, as well as chemical methods that involved the reduction of the carbonyl group combined with isotopic exchange and the reactivity of the carbonyl group with the hydroxylamine derivative. The structure of the reaction product was also confirmed by chemical synthesis. We suggested plausible mechanisms for the formation of the deaminated product and considered the probable path of its formation. Our aim was to determine whether the reaction proceeds according to the Strecker-based mechanism and direct imine isomerization by carrying out reactions of model peptides in the presence of lactose under aerobic and anaerobic conditions and comparing the results obtained.
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Abe A, Maekawa M, Sato T, Sato Y, Kumondai M, Takahashi H, Kikuchi M, Higaki K, Ogura J, Mano N. Metabolic Alteration Analysis of Steroid Hormones in Niemann-Pick Disease Type C Model Cell Using Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084459. [PMID: 35457276 PMCID: PMC9025463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann–Pick disease type C (NPC) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by a functional deficiency of cholesterol-transporting proteins in lysosomes, and exhibits various clinical symptoms. Since mitochondrial dysfunction in NPC has recently been reported, cholesterol catabolism to steroid hormones may consequently be impaired. In this study, we developed a comprehensive steroid hormone analysis method using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) and applied it to analyze changes in steroid hormone concentrations in NPC model cells. We investigated the analytical conditions for simultaneous LC–MS/MS analysis, which could be readily separated from each other and showed good reproducibility. The NPC phenotype was verified as an NPC model with mitochondrial abnormalities using filipin staining and organelle morphology observations. Steroid hormones in the cell suspension and cell culture medium were also analyzed. Steroid hormone analysis indicated that the levels of six steroid hormones were significantly decreased in the NPC model cell and culture medium compared to those in the wild-type cell and culture medium. These results indicate that some steroid hormones change during NPC pathophysiology and this change is accompanied by mitochondrial abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Abe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (A.A.); (M.K.); (N.M.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (T.S.); (Y.S.); (M.K.); (H.T.); (J.O.)
| | - Masamitsu Maekawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (A.A.); (M.K.); (N.M.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (T.S.); (Y.S.); (M.K.); (H.T.); (J.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-22-717-7541
| | - Toshihiro Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (T.S.); (Y.S.); (M.K.); (H.T.); (J.O.)
| | - Yu Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (T.S.); (Y.S.); (M.K.); (H.T.); (J.O.)
| | - Masaki Kumondai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (T.S.); (Y.S.); (M.K.); (H.T.); (J.O.)
| | - Hayato Takahashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (T.S.); (Y.S.); (M.K.); (H.T.); (J.O.)
| | - Masafumi Kikuchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (A.A.); (M.K.); (N.M.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (T.S.); (Y.S.); (M.K.); (H.T.); (J.O.)
| | - Katsumi Higaki
- Division of Functional Genomics, Research Centre for Bioscience and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8503, Japan;
| | - Jiro Ogura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (T.S.); (Y.S.); (M.K.); (H.T.); (J.O.)
| | - Nariyasu Mano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (A.A.); (M.K.); (N.M.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (T.S.); (Y.S.); (M.K.); (H.T.); (J.O.)
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6
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Mannochio-Russo H, de Almeida RF, Nunes WDG, Bueno PCP, Caraballo-Rodríguez AM, Bauermeister A, Dorrestein PC, Bolzani VS. Untargeted Metabolomics Sheds Light on the Diversity of Major Classes of Secondary Metabolites in the Malpighiaceae Botanical Family. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:854842. [PMID: 35498703 PMCID: PMC9047359 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.854842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural products produced by plants are one of the most investigated natural sources, which substantially contributed to the development of the natural products field. Even though these compounds are widely explored, the literature still lacks comprehensive investigations aiming to explore the evolution of secondary metabolites produced by plants, especially if classical methodologies are employed. The development of sensitive hyphenated techniques and computational tools for data processing has enabled the study of large datasets, being valuable assets for chemosystematic studies. Here, we describe a strategy for chemotaxonomic investigations using the Malpighiaceae botanical family as a model. Our workflow was based on MS/MS untargeted metabolomics, spectral searches, and recently described in silico classification tools, which were mapped into the latest molecular phylogeny accepted for this family. The metabolomic analysis revealed that different ionization modes and extraction protocols significantly impacted the chemical profiles, influencing the chemotaxonomic results. Spectral searches within public databases revealed several clades or genera-specific molecular families, being potential chemical markers for these taxa, while the in silico classification tools were able to expand the Malpighiaceae chemical space. The classes putatively annotated were used for ancestral character reconstructions, which recovered several classes of metabolites as homoplasies (i.e., non-exclusive) or synapomorphies (i.e., exclusive) for all sampled clades and genera. Our workflow combines several approaches to perform a comprehensive evolutionary chemical study. We expect it to be used on further chemotaxonomic investigations to expand chemical knowledge and reveal biological insights for compounds classes in different biological groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Mannochio-Russo
- NuBBE, Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Rafael F. de Almeida
- Royal Botanical Gardens Kew, Science, Ecosystem Stewardship, Diversity and Livelihoods, Richmond, United Kingdom
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lamol Lab, Feira de Santana State University (UEFS), Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - Wilhan D. G. Nunes
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rondônia (IFRO), Ji-Paraná, Brazil
| | - Paula C. P. Bueno
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL), Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Andrés M. Caraballo-Rodríguez
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Anelize Bauermeister
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Pieter C. Dorrestein
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Vanderlan S. Bolzani
- NuBBE, Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
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Kijewska M, Koch T, Waliczek M, Konieczny A, Stefanowicz P, Szewczuk Z. Selective ESI-MS detection of carbonyl containing compounds by aminooxyacetic acid immobilized on a resin. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1176:338767. [PMID: 34399903 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
There are numerous examples of bioactive compounds containing carbonyl groups including modified proteins with oxidation of side chain of amino acid residues to aldehyde/ketone groups which are frequently considered as markers of oxidative stress. The carbonyl unit can be also distinguished as a substructure in many illegal drugs including anabolic steroids as well as cations derivatives. Based on chemoselective formation of oximes by solid phase immobilized hydroxylamine derivatives we proposed the protocol for derivatization and selective detection of carbonylated compounds in human serum albumin hydrolysate as a complex peptide mixture and of testosterone in urine samples. This allowed for the removal of the matrix and the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the derivatized analyte by LC-MS/MS (or LC-MRM). Herein we report the preparation and chemical characterization of a novel, ChemMatrix - based resin functionalized with aminooxyacetic acid (AOA). The hydroxylamine moiety in this resin is combined with a peptide linker (GRG) containing an arginine residue to enhance the ionization efficiency. Application of an isotopically labeled carbonylated peptide ((H-Leu-Val-Thr(O)-Asp-Leu-Thr-Lys [13C6,15N2]-OH and testosterone-d3 allowed us to carry out quantitative analyses of detected compounds. Our method is general and may be applied for analysis of carbonylated compounds in biological samples. Our method based on application of functionalized resin allowed to quantify the level of free testosterone in small sample (0.5 mL) of urine, while the non-derivatized testosterone from urine sample was not detected during direct LC-MRM analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kijewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Koch
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mateusz Waliczek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Konieczny
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Stefanowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Szewczuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
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8
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Rapid Determination of Endogenous 20-Hydroxyecdysone in Plants on MALDI-TOF/TOF Mass Spectrometry via Chemical Labeling Based on Boronate Affinity. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-021-00179-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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9
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Faletrov YV, Gilep KA, Falchevskaya AS, Horetski MS, Panada JV, Andrievskaya EV, Rudaya EV, Frolova NS, Brzostek A, Plocinska R, Shkumatov VM. In Silico Modeling of Isoniazid-Steroid Conjugates Interactions with Mycobacterial Cytochromes P450 and Their Bioconversion in Vitro by the Cells. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW), SUPPLEMENT SERIES B: BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990750821020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Zaikin VG, Borisov RS. Options of the Main Derivatization Approaches for Analytical ESI and MALDI Mass Spectrometry. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1287-1342. [PMID: 33557614 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1873100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The inclusion of preliminary chemical labeling (derivatization) in the analysis process by such powerful and widespread methods as electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) is a popular and widely used methodological approach. This is due to the need to remove some fundamental limitations inherent in these powerful analytic methods. Although a number of special reviews has been published discussing the utilization of derivatization approaches, the purpose of the present critical review is to comprehensively summarize, characterize and evaluate most of the previously developed and practically applied, as well as recently proposed representative derivatization reagents for ESI-MS and MALDI-MS platforms in their mostly sensitive positive ion mode and frequently hyphenated with separation techniques. The review is focused on the use of preliminary chemical labeling to facilitate the detection, identification, structure elucidation, quantification, profiling or MS imaging of compounds within complex matrices. Two main derivatization approaches, namely the introduction of permanent charge-fixed or highly proton affinitive residues into analytes are critically evaluated. In situ charge-generation, charge-switch and charge-transfer derivatizations are considered separately. The potential of using reactive matrices in MALDI-MS and chemical labeling in MS-based omics sciences is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir G Zaikin
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Roman S Borisov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
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11
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Song Z, Gao H, Xie W, Sun Q, Liang K, Li Y. Quantitative MALDI-MS assay of steroid hormones in plasma based on hydroxylamine derivatization. Anal Biochem 2020; 616:114089. [PMID: 33359147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.114089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Measuring the concentrations of steroid hormones in plasma is critical for understanding their role in various vital physiological processes. The detection of underivatized steroid hormones in biofluids through mass spectrometry (MS) is typically hindered by low ionization efficiency. We described a novel matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-MS (MALDI-MS) approach based on hydroxylamine derivatization (HA-D) to analyze low-concentration steroid hormones in plasma. The ketonic carbonyl group containing steroid hormones could be derivatized using HA to form oxime derivatives, which considerably enhanced the MS sensitivity for detecting steroid hormones. By using the optimized conditions, estrone (E1), testosterone (T), and progesterone (Prog), could be simultaneously quantified in plasma with a limit of detection (LOD) from 0.019 to 0.031 nM, recoveries from 86% to 108%, and coefficient of variation (CV%) from 4.59% to 11.90%. HA-D/MALDI-MS exhibited higher sensitivity than those using Girard T (GT). To establish potential utility of our method, we characterized fatty liver patient plasmas to demonstrate that the HA-D/MALDI-MS procedure could generate quantitative results comparable to the current clinical liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem MS (LC-ESI MS/MS) method. This approach facilitates the rapid and accurate characterization of plasma hormones, and renders the MALDI-MS approach for steroid hormones more adaptable for clinical research and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijing Song
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huanyu Gao
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wenchun Xie
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qing Sun
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Kai Liang
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, China.
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12
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Faletrov YV, Gilep KA, Falchevskaya AS, Horetski MS, Panada JV, Andrievskaya EV, Rudaya EV, Frolova NS, Brzostek A, Plocinska R, Shkumatov VM. [In silico modeling of izoniazid-steroid conjugates interactions with cytochromes P450 of mycobacteria and their bioconversion in vitro by the cells]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2020; 66:378-385. [PMID: 33140731 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20206605378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Molecular docking of four hydrazones of isoniazid with steroids (dehydroepiandrosterone, pregnenolone, 16α,17α-epoxypregnenolone, cholestenone) - IDHEA, IPRE, IEP5, ICHN, to mycobacterial cytochromes P450 was performed. The in silico study has shown than these hydrazones can be effectively bound to CYP121, CYP124, CYP125, CYP126A1, CYP130, and CYP51 with binding energy ranged from -9 kcal/mol to -12 kcal/mol. Calculations also demonstrated enhancement of passive lipid bilayer permeability with respect to isoniazid. In vitro IDHEA, IPRE, IEPR were found to undergo bioconversion into their 3-keto-4-en derivatives. This suggests their ability to penetrate into M. tuberculosis H37Rv cells. The results of this study are important in the context of understanding of specificity of binding of synthetic steroid derivatives to mycobacterial CYPs and indicate the possibility of using the steroid compounds studied by us as new ligands for these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y V Faletrov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus; Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - K A Gilep
- Faculty of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - A S Falchevskaya
- Faculty of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - M S Horetski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus; Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - J V Panada
- Faculty of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus; Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - E V Andrievskaya
- Faculty of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - E V Rudaya
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - N S Frolova
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - A Brzostek
- Institute for Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - R Plocinska
- Institute for Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - V M Shkumatov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus; Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
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13
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Igarashi F, Ogihara MH, Iga M, Kataoka H. Cholesterol internalization and metabolism in insect prothoracic gland, a steroidogenic organ, via lipoproteins. Steroids 2018; 134:110-116. [PMID: 29410082 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Dietary sterols including cholesterol and phytosterols are essential substrates for insect steroid hormone (ecdysteroid) synthesis in the prothoracic glands (PGs). In the silkworm Bombyx mori, one of the model species of insects, the steroidogenesis has been well demonstrated that cholesterol biotransformation into ecdysone in the PG cells. Because insects lack the ability to synthesize cellular sterol de novo, lipoprotein, lipophorin (Lp), has been thought to be the major cholesterol supply source; however, details of cholesterol behavior from Lp to the PG cells has not been analyzed till date. In this report, we developed Lp incorporation method using labeled cholesterols such as 22-NBD-cholesterol and cholesterol-25,26,26,26,27,27,27-d7 (cholesterol-d7), and analyzed the internalization and metabolism of cholesterol in PGs in vitro using the silkworm Bombyx mori. The internalization of cholesterol was visualized using 22-NBD-cholesterol. PGs showed an enriched cellular 22-NBD-cholesterol signal, which dissociated from the Lp localizing at the close area of cell membrane. The distribution pattern observed in the PGs was different from other tissues such as the brain, fat body, and Malpighian tubules, suggesting that the internalization of cholesterol in the PGs was distinct from other tissues. The metabolism of cholesterol was traced using LC-MS/MS methods to detect cholesterol-d7, 7-dehydrocholesterol-d7 (an expected intermediate metabolite), and the final product ecdysone-d6. 7-Dehydrocholesterol-d7 and ecdysone-d6 were detected in the PG culture incubated with labeled Lp, showing that the cholesterol of Lp was utilized for ecdysone synthesis in the PGs. Our results reveal the distinct behavior of cholesterol in the PGs, with the first direct evidence of biochemical fate of lipoprotein cholesterol in insect steroidogenic organ. This will aid in the understanding of the involvement of lipoprotein cholesterol in steroid hormone synthesis in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Igarashi
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, Chiba-Pref. 277-8562, Japan
| | - Mari H Ogihara
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, Chiba-Pref. 277-8562, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Iga
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, Chiba-Pref. 277-8562, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kataoka
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, Chiba-Pref. 277-8562, Japan.
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14
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Chen LS, Singh RJ. Niche point-of-care endocrine testing - Reviews of intraoperative parathyroid hormone and cortisol monitoring. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2018; 55:115-128. [PMID: 29357735 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2018.1425975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care (POC) testing, which provides quick test results in near-patient settings with easy-to-use devices, has grown continually in recent decades. Among near-patient and on-site tests, rapid intraoperative and intra-procedural assays are used to quickly deliver critical information and thereby improve patient outcomes. Rapid intraoperative parathyroid hormone (ioPTH) monitoring measures postoperative reduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH) to predict surgical outcome in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, and therefore contributes to the change of parathyroidectomy to a minimally invasive procedure. In this review, recent progress in applying ioPTH monitoring to patients with secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism and other testing areas is discussed. In-suite cortisol monitoring facilitates the use of adrenal vein sampling (AVS) for the differential diagnosis of primary aldosteronism and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-independent Cushing syndrome. In clinical and psychological research settings, POC testing is also useful for rapidly assessing cortisol in plasma and saliva samples as a biomarker of stress. Careful resource utilization and coordination among stakeholders help to determine the best approach for implementing cost-effective POC testing. Technical advances in integrating appropriate biosensors with microfluidics-based devices hold promise for future real-time POC cortisol monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Sheng Chen
- a Bureau of Laboratories , Michigan Department of Health and Human Services , Lansing , MI , USA
| | - Ravinder J Singh
- b Laboratory Medicine and Pathology , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
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15
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16
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Griffiths WJ, Abdel-Khalik J, Crick PJ, Yutuc E, Wang Y. New methods for analysis of oxysterols and related compounds by LC-MS. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 162:4-26. [PMID: 26639636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxysterols are oxygenated forms of cholesterol or its precursors. They are formed enzymatically and via reactive oxygen species. Oxysterols are intermediates in bile acid and steroid hormone biosynthetic pathways and are also bioactive molecules in their own right, being ligands to nuclear receptors and also regulators of the processing of steroid regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) to their active forms as transcription factors regulating cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis. Oxysterols are implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple disease states ranging from atherosclerosis and cancer to multiple sclerosis and other neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Analysis of oxysterols is challenging on account of their low abundance in biological systems in comparison to cholesterol, and due to the propensity of cholesterol to undergo oxidation in air to generate oxysterols with the same structures as those present endogenously. In this article we review the mass spectrometry-based methods for oxysterol analysis paying particular attention to analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Griffiths
- College of Medicine, Grove Building, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - Jonas Abdel-Khalik
- College of Medicine, Grove Building, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Peter J Crick
- College of Medicine, Grove Building, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Eylan Yutuc
- College of Medicine, Grove Building, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Yuqin Wang
- College of Medicine, Grove Building, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
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17
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Bilgin M, Born P, Fezza F, Heimes M, Mastrangelo N, Wagner N, Schultz C, Maccarrone M, Eaton S, Nadler A, Wilm M, Shevchenko A. Lipid Discovery by Combinatorial Screening and Untargeted LC-MS/MS. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27920. [PMID: 27312775 PMCID: PMC4911551 DOI: 10.1038/srep27920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a method for the systematic identification of picogram quantities of new lipids in total extracts of tissues and fluids. It relies on the modularity of lipid structures and applies all-ions fragmentation LC-MS/MS and Arcadiate software to recognize individual modules originating from the same lipid precursor of known or assumed structure. In this way it alleviates the need to recognize and fragment very low abundant precursors of novel molecules in complex lipid extracts. In a single analysis of rat kidney extract the method identified 58 known and discovered 74 novel endogenous endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-related molecules, including a novel class of N-acylaspartates that inhibit Hedgehog signaling while having no impact on endocannabinoid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesut Bilgin
- Max Planck Institute for Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraβe 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Petra Born
- Max Planck Institute for Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraβe 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Filomena Fezza
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University of Rome, via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.,European Center for Brain Research/Fondazione Santa Lucia, via del Fosso di Fiorano 65, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Michael Heimes
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolina Mastrangelo
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome
| | - Nicolai Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraβe 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Schultz
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- European Center for Brain Research/Fondazione Santa Lucia, via del Fosso di Fiorano 65, 00143 Rome, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome
| | - Suzanne Eaton
- Max Planck Institute for Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraβe 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - André Nadler
- Max Planck Institute for Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraβe 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Wilm
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, 4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrej Shevchenko
- Max Planck Institute for Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraβe 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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18
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Venne P, Yargeau V, Segura PA. Quantification of ecdysteroids and retinoic acids in whole daphnids by liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1438:57-64. [PMID: 26898150 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of ecdysteroids and retinoic acids at picograms per individual is typically achieved with radioimmunoassay methods. However, those methods cannot identify individual types of ecdysteroids or provide an absolute concentration, which poses problems for comparative assays such as the metabolic profiling approach for toxicity testing. The method described in the present paper, based on liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, was developed to allow the quantification in whole daphnids extracts of ecdysteroids (20-hydroxyecdysone, ecdysone, ponasterone A) and retinoic acid (sum of isomers). This approach avoids having to perform the difficult task of sampling the haemolymph on small organism (<5mm). Recoveries, evaluated at three concentrations in matrix blank fortified samples, ranged from 83 to 119% for ecdysteroids and from 144 to 155% for retinoic acids. Precision (2.4-14.2%) and accuracy (-41.7 to 14.5%) were reproducible and stable over three quality control concentrations. The described liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method achieved quantification limits ranging from 210 to 380 pg mL(-1) for ecdysteroids and 5 ng mL(-1) for retinoic acids in spiked matrix blanks. 20-hydroxyecdysone was quantified in Daphnia magna adults (19 ± 8 pg ind(-1)) and juveniles (3.6 ± 1.0 pg ind(-1)), but was below the limit of quantification in neonates (≈ 0.19 pg ind(-1)). Ecdysone was also detected in adult specimens (≈ 1.8 pg ind(-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Venne
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1 K 2R1, Canada
| | - Viviane Yargeau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Pedro A Segura
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1 K 2R1, Canada.
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19
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Zhou Y, Liu Y, Yang B, Jiang Y, Wang X, Liu C, Niu F, Kuang H. Girard reagent purification coupled with hollow-fiber-based stirring liquid microextraction followed by HPLC with diode array detection for determination of naphthoquinones in Qing Long Yi. ANALYTICAL METHODS 2016; 8:2613-2619. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ay02993g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Naphthoquinones all with carbonyl groups may react with the Girard reagent to form a water-soluble substance called hydrazone. These denatured naphthoquinones can recover lipid solubility transferred to the organic liquid layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhou
- College of Pharmacy
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin 150040
- China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- College of Pharmacy
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin 150040
- China
| | - Bingyou Yang
- College of Pharmacy
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin 150040
- China
| | - Yanqiu Jiang
- College of Pharmacy
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin 150040
- China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- College of Adult Education
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin 150040
- China
| | - Chenggang Liu
- Institute of Basic Medicine
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin 150040
- China
| | - Feng Niu
- Quality Management Department
- Harbin Pharmaceutical Group Sixth Pharm Factory
- Harbin 150056
- China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- College of Pharmacy
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin 150040
- China
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20
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Abstract
Sensitive and reliable analysis of endogenous compounds is critically important for many physiological and pathological studies. Methods based on LC–MS have progressed to become the method of choice for analyzing endogenous compounds. However, the analysis can be challenging due to various factors, including inherent low concentrations in biological samples, low ionization efficiency, undesirable chromatographic behavior and interferences of complex biological. The integration of chemical derivatization with LC–MS could enhance its capabilities in sensitivity and selectivity, and extend its application to a wider range of analytes. In this article, we will review the derivatization strategies in the LC–MS analysis of various endogenous compounds, and provide applications highlighting the impact of these important techniques in the evaluation of pathological events.
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21
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Lavrynenko O, Rodenfels J, Carvalho M, Dye NA, Lafont R, Eaton S, Shevchenko A. The ecdysteroidome of Drosophila: influence of diet and development. Development 2015; 142:3758-68. [PMID: 26395481 DOI: 10.1242/dev.124982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ecdysteroids are the hormones regulating development, physiology and fertility in arthropods, which synthesize them exclusively from dietary sterols. But how dietary sterol diversity influences the ecdysteroid profile, how animals ensure the production of desired hormones and whether there are functional differences between different ecdysteroids produced in vivo remains unknown. This is because currently there is no analytical technology for unbiased, comprehensive and quantitative assessment of the full complement of endogenous ecdysteroids. We developed a new LC-MS/MS method to screen the entire chemical space of ecdysteroid-related structures and to quantify known and newly discovered hormones and their catabolites. We quantified the ecdysteroidome in Drosophila melanogaster and investigated how the ecdysteroid profile varies with diet and development. We show that Drosophila can produce four different classes of ecdysteroids, which are obligatorily derived from four types of dietary sterol precursors. Drosophila makes makisterone A from plant sterols and epi-makisterone A from ergosterol, the major yeast sterol. However, they prefer to selectively utilize scarce ergosterol precursors to make a novel hormone 24,28-dehydromakisterone A and trace cholesterol to synthesize 20-hydroxyecdysone. Interestingly, epi-makisterone A supports only larval development, whereas all other ecdysteroids allow full adult development. We suggest that evolutionary pressure against producing epi-C-24 ecdysteroids might explain selective utilization of ergosterol precursors and the puzzling preference for cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Lavrynenko
- Max Planck Institute for Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Jonathan Rodenfels
- Max Planck Institute for Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Maria Carvalho
- Max Planck Institute for Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Natalie A Dye
- Max Planck Institute for Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Rene Lafont
- Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris 06, IBPS-BIOSIPE, 7 Quai Saint Bernard, Case Courrier 29, Paris Cedex 05 75252, France
| | - Suzanne Eaton
- Max Planck Institute for Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Andrej Shevchenko
- Max Planck Institute for Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, Dresden 01307, Germany
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