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Chen K, Alexander LE, Mahgoub U, Okazaki Y, Higashi Y, Perera AM, Showman LJ, Loneman D, Dennison TS, Lopez M, Claussen R, Peddicord L, Saito K, Lauter N, Dorman KS, Nikolau BJ, Yandeau-Nelson MD. Dynamic relationships among pathways producing hydrocarbons and fatty acids of maize silk cuticular waxes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:2234-2255. [PMID: 38537616 PMCID: PMC11213258 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
The hydrophobic cuticle is the first line of defense between aerial portions of plants and the external environment. On maize (Zea mays L.) silks, the cuticular cutin matrix is infused with cuticular waxes, consisting of a homologous series of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), aldehydes, and hydrocarbons. Together with VLC fatty-acyl-CoAs (VLCFA-CoAs), these metabolites serve as precursors, intermediates, and end-products of the cuticular wax biosynthetic pathway. To deconvolute the potentially confounding impacts of the change in silk microenvironment and silk development on this pathway, we profiled cuticular waxes on the silks of the inbreds B73 and Mo17, and their reciprocal hybrids. Multivariate interrogation of these metabolite abundance data demonstrates that VLCFA-CoAs and total free VLCFAs are positively correlated with the cuticular wax metabolome, and this metabolome is primarily affected by changes in the silk microenvironment and plant genotype. Moreover, the genotype effect on the pathway explains the increased accumulation of cuticular hydrocarbons with a concomitant reduction in cuticular VLCFA accumulation on B73 silks, suggesting that the conversion of VLCFA-CoAs to hydrocarbons is more effective in B73 than Mo17. Statistical modeling of the ratios between cuticular hydrocarbons and cuticular VLCFAs reveals a significant role of precursor chain length in determining this ratio. This study establishes the complexity of the product-precursor relationships within the silk cuticular wax-producing network by dissecting both the impact of genotype and the allocation of VLCFA-CoA precursors to different biological processes and demonstrates that longer chain VLCFA-CoAs are preferentially utilized for hydrocarbon biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keting Chen
- Department of Genetics, Development & Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Bioinformatics & Computational Biology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Liza E Alexander
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Umnia Mahgoub
- Department of Genetics, Development & Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Yozo Okazaki
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Higashi
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ann M Perera
- W.M. Keck Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Lucas J Showman
- W.M. Keck Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Derek Loneman
- Department of Genetics, Development & Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Tesia S Dennison
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Interdepartmental Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Miriam Lopez
- Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Reid Claussen
- Department of Genetics, Development & Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Layton Peddicord
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Interdepartmental Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Kazuki Saito
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Nick Lauter
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Interdepartmental Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Karin S Dorman
- Department of Genetics, Development & Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Bioinformatics & Computational Biology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Basil J Nikolau
- Bioinformatics & Computational Biology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Interdepartmental Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Center for Metabolic Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Marna D Yandeau-Nelson
- Department of Genetics, Development & Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Bioinformatics & Computational Biology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Interdepartmental Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Center for Metabolic Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Shi M, Tang C, Wu JX, Ji BW, Gong BM, Wu XH, Wang X. Mass Spectrometry Detects Sphingolipid Metabolites for Discovery of New Strategy for Cancer Therapy from the Aspect of Programmed Cell Death. Metabolites 2023; 13:867. [PMID: 37512574 PMCID: PMC10384871 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids, a type of bioactive lipid, play crucial roles within cells, serving as integral components of membranes and exhibiting strong signaling properties that have potential therapeutic implications in anti-cancer treatments. However, due to the diverse group of lipids and intricate mechanisms, sphingolipids still face challenges in enhancing the efficacy of different therapy approaches. In recent decades, mass spectrometry has made significant advancements in uncovering sphingolipid biomarkers and elucidating their impact on cancer development, progression, and resistance. Primary sphingolipids, such as ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate, exhibit contrasting roles in regulating cancer cell death and survival. The evasion of cell death is a characteristic hallmark of cancer cells, leading to treatment failure and a poor prognosis. The escape initiates with long-established apoptosis and extends to other programmed cell death (PCD) forms when patients experience chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and/or immunotherapy. Gradually, supportive evidence has uncovered the fundamental molecular mechanisms underlying various forms of PCD leading to the development of innovative molecular, genetic, and pharmacological tools that specifically target sphingolipid signaling nodes. In this study, we provide a comprehensive overview of the sphingolipid biomarkers revealed through mass spectrometry in recent decades, as well as an in-depth analysis of the six main forms of PCD (apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis) in aspects of tumorigenesis, metastasis, and tumor response to treatments. We review the corresponding small-molecule compounds associated with these processes and their potential implications in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and National Center for International Research of Development and Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Chao Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jia-Xing Wu
- SINO-SWISS Institute of Advanced Technology, School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Bao-Wei Ji
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bao-Ming Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and National Center for International Research of Development and Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and National Center for International Research of Development and Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and National Center for International Research of Development and Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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3
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Sphingosine-1 Phosphate Lyase Regulates Sensitivity of Pancreatic Beta-Cells to Lipotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910893. [PMID: 34639233 PMCID: PMC8509761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) have been related to pancreatic beta-cell failure in type 2 diabetes (T2DM), though the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. FFAs have been shown to dysregulate formation of bioactive sphingolipids, such as ceramides and sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P) in beta-cells. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of sphingosine-1 phosphate lyase (SPL), a key enzyme of the sphingolipid pathway that catalyzes an irreversible degradation of S1P, in the sensitivity of beta-cells to lipotoxicity. To validate the role of SPL in lipotoxicity, we modulated SPL expression in rat INS1E cells and in human EndoC-βH1 beta-cells. SPL overexpression in INS1E cells (INS1E-SPL), which are characterized by a moderate basal expression level of SPL, resulted in an acceleration of palmitate-mediated cell viability loss, proliferation inhibition and induction of oxidative stress. SPL overexpression affected the mRNA expression of ER stress markers and mitochondrial chaperones. In contrast to control cells, in INS1E-SPL cells no protective effect of oleate was detected. Moreover, Plin2 expression and lipid droplet formation were strongly reduced in OA-treated INS1E-SPL cells. Silencing of SPL in human EndoC-βH1 beta-cells, which are characterized by a significantly higher SPL expression as compared to rodent beta-cells, resulted in prevention of FFA-mediated caspase-3/7 activation. Our findings indicate that an adequate control of S1P degradation by SPL might be crucially involved in the susceptibility of pancreatic beta-cells to lipotoxicity.
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Cholico GN, Fling RR, Zacharewski NA, Fader KA, Nault R, Zacharewski TR. Thioesterase induction by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin results in a futile cycle that inhibits hepatic β-oxidation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15689. [PMID: 34344994 PMCID: PMC8333094 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95214-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a persistent environmental contaminant, induces steatosis by increasing hepatic uptake of dietary and mobilized peripheral fats, inhibiting lipoprotein export, and repressing β-oxidation. In this study, the mechanism of β-oxidation inhibition was investigated by testing the hypothesis that TCDD dose-dependently repressed straight-chain fatty acid oxidation gene expression in mice following oral gavage every 4 days for 28 days. Untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed a dose-dependent decrease in hepatic acyl-CoA levels, while octenoyl-CoA and dicarboxylic acid levels increased. TCDD also dose-dependently repressed the hepatic gene expression associated with triacylglycerol and cholesterol ester hydrolysis, fatty acid binding proteins, fatty acid activation, and 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolysis while inducing acyl-CoA hydrolysis. Moreover, octenoyl-CoA blocked the hydration of crotonyl-CoA suggesting short chain enoyl-CoA hydratase (ECHS1) activity was inhibited. Collectively, the integration of metabolomics and RNA-seq data suggested TCDD induced a futile cycle of fatty acid activation and acyl-CoA hydrolysis resulting in incomplete β-oxidation, and the accumulation octenoyl-CoA levels that inhibited the activity of short chain enoyl-CoA hydratase (ECHS1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovan N Cholico
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Biochemistry Building, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Russell R Fling
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Nicholas A Zacharewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Biochemistry Building, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Kelly A Fader
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Biochemistry Building, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Rance Nault
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Biochemistry Building, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Timothy R Zacharewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Biochemistry Building, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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5
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Haslam RP, Larson TR. Techniques for the Measurement of Molecular Species of Acyl-CoA in Plants and Microalgae. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2295:203-218. [PMID: 34047979 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1362-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The acyl-CoA pool is pivotal in cellular metabolism. The ability to provide reliable estimates of acyl-CoA abundance and distribution between molecular species in plant tissues and microalgae is essential to our understanding of lipid metabolism and acyl exchange. Acyl-CoAs are typically found in low abundance and require specific methods for extraction, separation and detection. Here we describe methods for acyl-CoA extraction and measurement in plant tissues and microalgae, with a focus on liquid chromatography hyphenated to detection techniques including ultraviolet (UV), fluorescence and mass spectrometry (MS). We address the resolution of isobaric species and the selection of columns needed to achieve this, including the analysis of branched chain acyl-CoA thioesters. For MS analyses, we describe diagnostic ions for the identification of acyl-CoA species and how these can be used for both discovery of new species (data dependent acquisition) and routine quantitation (triple quadrupole MS with multiple reaction monitoring).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Haslam
- Department of Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK.
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6
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Billey E, Magneschi L, Leterme S, Bedhomme M, Andres-Robin A, Poulet L, Michaud M, Finazzi G, Dumas R, Crouzy S, Laueffer F, Fourage L, Rébeillé F, Amato A, Collin S, Jouhet J, Maréchal E. Characterization of the Bubblegum acyl-CoA synthetase of Microchloropsis gaditana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:815-835. [PMID: 33793914 PMCID: PMC8133546 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic pathways of glycerolipids are well described in cells containing chloroplasts limited by a two-membrane envelope but not in cells containing plastids limited by four membranes, including heterokonts. Fatty acids (FAs) produced in the plastid, palmitic and palmitoleic acids (16:0 and 16:1), are used in the cytosol for the synthesis of glycerolipids via various routes, requiring multiple acyl-Coenzyme A (CoA) synthetases (ACS). Here, we characterized an ACS of the Bubblegum subfamily in the photosynthetic eukaryote Microchloropsis gaditana, an oleaginous heterokont used for the production of lipids for multiple applications. Genome engineering with TALE-N allowed the generation of MgACSBG point mutations, but no knockout was obtained. Point mutations triggered an overall decrease of 16:1 in lipids, a specific increase of unsaturated 18-carbon acyls in phosphatidylcholine and decrease of 20-carbon acyls in the betaine lipid diacylglyceryl-trimethyl-homoserine. The profile of acyl-CoAs highlighted a decrease in 16:1-CoA and 18:3-CoA. Structural modeling supported that mutations affect accessibility of FA to the MgACSBG reaction site. Expression in yeast defective in acyl-CoA biosynthesis further confirmed that point mutations affect ACSBG activity. Altogether, this study supports a critical role of heterokont MgACSBG in the production of 16:1-CoA and 18:3-CoA. In M. gaditana mutants, the excess saturated and monounsaturated FAs were diverted to triacylglycerol, thus suggesting strategies to improve the oil content in this microalga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Billey
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Total Raffinage-Chimie, Tour Coupole, 2 Place Jean Millier, 92078 Paris La Défense, France
| | - Leonardo Magneschi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Sébastien Leterme
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Mariette Bedhomme
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Total Raffinage-Chimie, Tour Coupole, 2 Place Jean Millier, 92078 Paris La Défense, France
| | - Amélie Andres-Robin
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Laurent Poulet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Morgane Michaud
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Renaud Dumas
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Serge Crouzy
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Unité mixte de Recherche 5249 CNRS–CEA–Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Frédéric Laueffer
- Total Raffinage-Chimie, Tour Coupole, 2 Place Jean Millier, 92078 Paris La Défense, France
| | - Laurent Fourage
- Total Raffinage-Chimie, Tour Coupole, 2 Place Jean Millier, 92078 Paris La Défense, France
| | - Fabrice Rébeillé
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Alberto Amato
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Séverine Collin
- Total Raffinage-Chimie, Tour Coupole, 2 Place Jean Millier, 92078 Paris La Défense, France
| | - Juliette Jouhet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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7
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Li P, Gawaz M, Chatterjee M, Lämmerhofer M. Targeted Profiling of Short-, Medium-, and Long-Chain Fatty Acyl-Coenzyme As in Biological Samples by Phosphate Methylation Coupled to Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:4342-4350. [PMID: 33620217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acyl-coenzyme As (acyl-CoAs) are of central importance in lipid metabolism pathways. Short-chain acyl-CoAs are usually part of metabolomics, and medium- to (very) long-chain acyl-CoAs are focus of lipidomics studies. However, owing to the specific complex and amphiphilic nature contributed by fatty acyl chains and hydrophilic CoA moiety, lipidomic analysis of acyl-CoAs is still challenging, especially in terms of sample preparation and chromatographic coverage. In this work, we propose a derivatization strategy of acyl-CoAs based on phosphate methylation. After derivatization, full coverage (from free CoA to C25:0-CoA) and good peak shape in liquid chromatography were achieved. At the same time, analyte loss due to the high affinity of phosphate groups to glass and metallic surfaces was resolved, which is beneficial for routine analysis in large-scale lipidomics studies. A sample preparation method based on mixed-mode SPE was developed to optimize extraction recoveries and allow optimal integration of the derivatization process in the analytical workflow. LC-MS/MS was performed with targeted data acquisition by SRM transitions, which were constructed based on similar fragmentation rules observed for all methylated acyl-CoAs. To achieve accurate quantification, uniformly 13C-labeled metabolite extract from yeast cells was taken as internal standards. Odd-chain and stable isotope-labeled acyl-CoAs were used as surrogate calibrants in the same matrix. LOQs were between 16.9 nM (short-chain acyl-CoAs) and 4.2 nM (very-long-chain acyl-CoAs). This method was validated in cultured cells and was applied in HeLa cells and human platelets of coronary artery disease patients. It revealed distinct acyl-CoA profiles in HeLa cells and platelets. The results showed that this method can effectively detect acyl-CoAs in biological samples. Considering their central importance in many de novo lipid biosynthesis and remodeling processes, this targeted method offers a valid foundation for future lipidomics analysis of acyl-CoA profiles in biological samples, particularly those concerning metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Madhumita Chatterjee
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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8
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Zhao X, Wu G, Zhang W, Dong M, Xia Y. Resolving Modifications on Sphingoid Base and N-Acyl Chain of Sphingomyelin Lipids in Complex Lipid Extracts. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14775-14782. [PMID: 33052665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sphingomyelins (SMs) are an essential class of lipids widely existing in different organisms. The sphingoid base and N-acyl chain are two building blocks which can undergo different types of modifications during lipogenesis, including desaturation, hydroxylation, and methyl branching. Current lipidomic analysis methods cannot provide detailed information on these structural motifs. Herein, we developed a tandem mass spectrometric method by harnessing radical-directed dissociation (RDD) from collision-induced dissociation (CID) of the bicarbonate anion adduct of SM ([M + HCO3]-). A major RDD channel produced a high-abundance fragment carrying the intact N-acyl chain, termed as "N-acyl fragment", allowing the assignment of the sphingoid base/N-acyl composition and relative quantitation of compositional isomers of SM at high sensitivity. RDD also produced intrachain fragments in lower abundances, which helped localization of methyl branching and hydroxylation in SM. The acetone Paternò-Büchi (PB) reaction was found to be capable of derivatizing the Δ4 carbon-carbon double bond (C═C) in sphingosine (SPH) base and producing C═C diagnostic ions upon CID, albeit at much lower efficiencies than those of the isolated C═C in alkyl chains. A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry workflow was developed by incorporating MS2 CID of SM via [M + HCO3]- and PB-MS2 CID. The capability of profiling SM with detailed structural information was demonstrated by analyzing complex lipid extracts from porcine brain and Caenorhabditis elegans. These results provided visualization of the sphingoid base/N-acyl compositional isomers of SM lipids and revealed large structural diversity from each sample. These included identification of the sphingadiene base [d18:1(Δ4,14)], C═C location isomers in N-acyls, C-2 hydroxylation of N-acyls, and iso-methyl branched SPH base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gang Wu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wenpeng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mengqiu Dong
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yu Xia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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9
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Wang HYJ, Hsu FF. Revelation of Acyl Double Bond Positions on Fatty Acyl Coenzyme A Esters by MALDI/TOF Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:1047-1057. [PMID: 32167298 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.9b00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acyl coenzyme A esters (FA-CoAs) are important crossroad intermediates in lipid catabolism and anabolism, and the structures are complicated. Several mass spectrometric approaches have been previously described to elucidate their structures. However, a direct mass spectrometric approach toward a complete identification of the molecule, including the location of unsaturated bond(s) in the fatty acid chain has not been reported. In this study, we applied a simple MALDI/TOF mass spectrometric method to a near-complete characterization of long-chain FA-CoAs, including the location(s) of the double bond in the fatty acyl chain, and the common structural features that recognize FA-CoAs. Negative ion mass spectra of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated FA-CoAs were acquired with a MALDI/TOF mass spectrometer using 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid as the matrix and ionized with a laser fluence two folds of the threshold to induce the in-source fragmentation (ISF) of the analytes. The resulting ISF spectra contained fragment ions arising from specific cleavages of the C-C bond immediate adjacent to the acyl double-bond. This structural feature affords locating the double-bond position(s) of the fatty acyl substituent. Thereby, positional isomer such as 18:3(n - 3) and 18:3(n - 6) FA-CoA can be differentiated without applying tandem mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hay-Yan J Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Fong-Fu Hsu
- Mass Spectrometry Resource, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine Box 8127, 660 S Euclid Ave., St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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10
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Amiruddin N, Chan PL, Azizi N, Morris PE, Chan KL, Ong PW, Rosli R, Masura SS, Murphy DJ, Sambanthamurthi R, Haslam RP, Chye ML, Harwood JL, Low ETL. Characterization of Oil Palm Acyl-CoA-Binding Proteins and Correlation of Their Gene Expression with Oil Synthesis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:735-747. [PMID: 31883014 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs) are involved in binding and trafficking acyl-CoA esters in eukaryotic cells. ACBPs contain a well-conserved acyl-CoA-binding domain. Their various functions have been characterized in the model plant Arabidopsis and, to a lesser extent, in rice. In this study, genome-wide detection and expression analysis of ACBPs were performed on Elaeis guineensis (oil palm), the most important oil crop in the world. Seven E. guineensis ACBPs were identified and classified into four groups according to their deduced amino acid domain organization. Phylogenetic analysis showed conservation of this family with other higher plants. All seven EgACBPs were expressed in most tissues while their differential expression suggests various functions in specific tissues. For example, EgACBP3 had high expression in inflorescences and stalks while EgACBP1 showed strong expression in leaves. Because of the importance of E. guineensis as an oil crop, expression of EgACBPs was specifically examined during fruit development. EgACBP3 showed high expression throughout mesocarp development, while EgACBP1 had enhanced expression during rapid oil synthesis. In endosperm, both EgACBP1 and EgACBP3 exhibited increased expression during seed development. These results provide important information for further investigations on the biological functions of EgACBPs in various tissues and, in particular, their roles in oil synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadzirah Amiruddin
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor 43000, Malaysia
| | - Pek-Lan Chan
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor 43000, Malaysia
| | - Norazah Azizi
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor 43000, Malaysia
| | - Priscilla Elizabeth Morris
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor 43000, Malaysia
| | - Kuang-Lim Chan
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor 43000, Malaysia
| | - Pei Wen Ong
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor 43000, Malaysia
| | - Rozana Rosli
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor 43000, Malaysia
| | - Subhi Siti Masura
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor 43000, Malaysia
| | - Denis J Murphy
- School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, Pontypridd CF37 1DL, UK
| | - Ravigadevi Sambanthamurthi
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor 43000, Malaysia
| | - Richard P Haslam
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Mee-Len Chye
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, University of Cardiff, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Eng-Ti Leslie Low
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor 43000, Malaysia
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11
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Makarova M, Peter M, Balogh G, Glatz A, MacRae JI, Lopez Mora N, Booth P, Makeyev E, Vigh L, Oliferenko S. Delineating the Rules for Structural Adaptation of Membrane-Associated Proteins to Evolutionary Changes in Membrane Lipidome. Curr Biol 2020; 30:367-380.e8. [PMID: 31956022 PMCID: PMC6997885 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Membrane function is fundamental to life. Each species explores membrane lipid diversity within a genetically predefined range of possibilities. How membrane lipid composition in turn defines the functional space available for evolution of membrane-centered processes remains largely unknown. We address this fundamental question using related fission yeasts Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Schizosaccharomyces japonicus. We show that, unlike S. pombe that generates membranes where both glycerophospholipid acyl tails are predominantly 16-18 carbons long, S. japonicus synthesizes unusual "asymmetrical" glycerophospholipids where the tails differ in length by 6-8 carbons. This results in stiffer bilayers with distinct lipid packing properties. Retroengineered S. pombe synthesizing the S.-japonicus-type phospholipids exhibits unfolded protein response and downregulates secretion. Importantly, our protein sequence comparisons and domain swap experiments support the hypothesis that transmembrane helices co-evolve with membranes, suggesting that, on the evolutionary scale, changes in membrane lipid composition may necessitate extensive adaptation of the membrane-associated proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Makarova
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Maria Peter
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Gabor Balogh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Attila Glatz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - James I MacRae
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Nestor Lopez Mora
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Britannia House, London SE1 1DB, UK
| | - Paula Booth
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Britannia House, London SE1 1DB, UK
| | - Eugene Makeyev
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Laszlo Vigh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Snezhana Oliferenko
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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Talamonti E, Sasso V, To H, Haslam RP, Napier JA, Ulfhake B, Pernold K, Asadi A, Hessa T, Jacobsson A, Chiurchiù V, Viscomi MT. Impairment of DHA synthesis alters the expression of neuronal plasticity markers and the brain inflammatory status in mice. FASEB J 2020; 34:2024-2040. [PMID: 31909582 PMCID: PMC7384056 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901890rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a ω-3 fatty acid typically obtained from the diet or endogenously synthesized through the action of elongases (ELOVLs) and desaturases. DHA is a key central nervous system constituent and the precursor of several molecules that regulate the resolution of inflammation. In the present study, we questioned whether the impaired synthesis of DHA affected neural plasticity and inflammatory status in the adult brain. To address this question, we investigated neural and inflammatory markers from mice deficient for ELOVL2 (Elovl2-/- ), the key enzyme in DHA synthesis. From our findings, Elovl2-/- mice showed an altered expression of markers involved in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory formation such as Egr-1, Arc1, and BDNF specifically in the cerebral cortex, impacting behavioral functions only marginally. In parallel, we also found that DHA-deficient mice were characterized by an increased expression of pro-inflammatory molecules, namely TNF, IL-1β, iNOS, caspase-1 as well as the activation and morphologic changes of microglia in the absence of any brain injury or disease. Reintroducing DHA in the diet of Elovl2-/- mice reversed such alterations in brain plasticity and inflammation. Hence, impairment of systemic DHA synthesis can modify the brain inflammatory and neural plasticity status, supporting the view that DHA is an essential fatty acid with an important role in keeping inflammation within its physiologic boundary and in shaping neuronal functions in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Talamonti
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe Wenner‐Gren InstituteStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Valeria Sasso
- Laboratory of Experimental NeurorehabilitationIRCCS Santa Lucia FoundationRomeItaly
| | - Hoi To
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | | | | | - Brun Ulfhake
- Department of NeuroscienceKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Karin Pernold
- Department of NeuroscienceKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Abolfazl Asadi
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe Wenner‐Gren InstituteStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Tara Hessa
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Anders Jacobsson
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe Wenner‐Gren InstituteStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Valerio Chiurchiù
- Department of MedicineCampus Bio‐Medico University of RomeRomeItaly
- Laboratory of Resolution of NeuroinflammationIRCCS Santa Lucia FoundationRomeItaly
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13
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Goldenberg JR, Carley AN, Ji R, Zhang X, Fasano M, Schulze PC, Lewandowski ED. Preservation of Acyl Coenzyme A Attenuates Pathological and Metabolic Cardiac Remodeling Through Selective Lipid Trafficking. Circulation 2019; 139:2765-2777. [PMID: 30909726 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.039610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic remodeling in heart failure contributes to dysfunctional lipid trafficking and lipotoxicity. Acyl coenzyme A synthetase-1 (ACSL1) facilitates long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) uptake and activation with coenzyme A (CoA), mediating the fate of LCFA. The authors tested whether cardiac ACSL1 overexpression aids LCFA oxidation and reduces lipotoxicity under pathological stress of transverse aortic constriction (TAC). METHODS Mice with cardiac restricted ACSL1 overexpression (MHC-ACSL1) underwent TAC or sham surgery followed by serial in vivo echocardiography for 14 weeks. At the decompensated stage of hypertrophy, isolated hearts were perfused with 13C LCFA during dynamic-mode 13C nuclear magnetic resonance followed by in vitro nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry analysis to assess intramyocardial lipid trafficking. In parallel, acyl CoA was measured in tissue obtained from heart failure patients pre- and postleft ventricular device implantation plus matched controls. RESULTS TAC-induced cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction was mitigated in MHC-ACSL1 hearts compared with nontransgenic hearts. At 14 weeks, TAC increased heart weight to tibia length by 46% in nontransgenic mice, but only 26% in MHC-ACSL1 mice, whereas ACSL1 mice retained greater ejection fraction (ACSL1 TAC: 65.8±7.5%; nontransgenic TAC: 45.9±7.3) and improvement in diastolic E/E'. Functional improvements were mediated by ACSL1 changes to cardiac LCFA trafficking. ACSL1 accelerated LCFA uptake, preventing C16 acyl CoA loss post-TAC. Long-chain acyl CoA was similarly reduced in human failing myocardium and restored to control levels by mechanical unloading. ACSL1 trafficked LCFA into ceramides without normalizing the reduced triglyceride storage in TAC. ACSL1 prevented de novo synthesis of cardiotoxic C16- and C24-, and C24:1 ceramides and increased potentially cardioprotective C20- and C22-ceramides post-TAC. ACLS1 overexpression activated AMP activated protein kinase at baseline, but during TAC, prevented the reduced LCFA oxidation in hypertrophic hearts and normalized energy state (phosphocreatine:ATP) and consequently, AMP activated protein kinase activation. CONCLUSIONS This is the first demonstration of reduced acyl CoA in failing hearts of humans and mice, and suggests possible mechanisms for maintaining mitochondrial oxidative energy metabolism by restoring long-chain acyl CoA through ASCL1 activation and mechanical unloading. By mitigating cardiac lipotoxicity, via redirected LCFA trafficking to ceramides, and restoring acyl CoA, ACSL1 delayed progressive cardiac remodeling and failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Goldenberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago (J.R.G., E.D.L.)
| | - Andrew N Carley
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University (A.N.C., M.F., E.D.L.), Columbus.,Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center (A.N.C., M.F., E.D.L.), Columbus
| | - Ruiping Ji
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (R.J., X.Z., P.C.S.)
| | - Xiaokan Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (R.J., X.Z., P.C.S.)
| | - Matt Fasano
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University (A.N.C., M.F., E.D.L.), Columbus.,Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center (A.N.C., M.F., E.D.L.), Columbus
| | - P Christian Schulze
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (R.J., X.Z., P.C.S.).,Department of Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany (P.C.S.)
| | - E Douglas Lewandowski
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago (J.R.G., E.D.L.).,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University (A.N.C., M.F., E.D.L.), Columbus.,Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center (A.N.C., M.F., E.D.L.), Columbus
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14
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Clugston RD, Gao MA, Blaner WS. The Hepatic Lipidome: A Gateway to Understanding the Pathogenes is of Alcohol-Induced Fatty Liver. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2019; 10:195-206. [PMID: 26278391 DOI: 10.2174/1874467208666150817111419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption can lead to the development of alcoholic fatty liver disease. The underlying pathogenic mechanisms however, have not been fully elucidated. Here, we review the current state of the art regarding the application of lipidomics to study alcohol's effect on hepatic lipids. It is clear that alcohol has a profound effect on the hepatic lipidome, with documented changes in the major lipid categories (i.e. fatty acyls, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, sterol lipids and prenol lipids). Alcohol's most striking effect is the marked change in the hepatic fatty acyl pool. This effect includes increased levels of 18-carbon fatty acyl chains incorporated into multiple lipid species, as well as a general shift toward increased unsaturation of fatty acyl moieties. In addition to our literature review, we also make several recommendations to consider when designing lipidomic studies into alcohol's effects. These recommendations include integration of lipidomic data with other measures of lipid metabolism, inclusion of multiple experimental time points, and presentation of quantitative data. We believe rigorous analysis of the hepatic lipidome can yield new insight into the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced fatty liver. While the existing literature has been largely descriptive, the field is poised to apply lipidomics to yield a new level of understanding on alcohol's effects on hepatic lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin D Clugston
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7. Canada
| | - Madeleine A Gao
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032. United States
| | - William S Blaner
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032. United States
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15
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Rengel R, Smith RT, Haslam RP, Sayanova O, Vila M, León R. Overexpression of acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) enhances the biosynthesis of neutral lipids and starch in the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Abrankó L, Williamson G, Gardner S, Kerimi A. Comprehensive quantitative analysis of fatty-acyl-Coenzyme A species in biological samples by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry harmonizing hydrophilic interaction and reversed phase chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1534:111-122. [PMID: 29290399 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acyl-Coenzyme A species (acyl-CoAs) are key biomarkers in studies focusing on cellular energy metabolism. Existing analytical approaches are unable to simultaneously detect the full range of short-, medium-, and long-chain acyl-CoAs, while chromatographic limitations encountered in the analysis of limited amounts of biological samples are an often overlooked problem. We report the systematic development of a UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS method which incorporates reversed phase (RP) and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) separations in series, in an automated mode. The protocol outlined encompasses quantification of acyl-CoAs of varying hydrophobicity from C2 to C20 with recoveries in the range of 90-111 % and limit of detection (LOD) 1-5 fmol, which is substantially lower than previously published methods. We demonstrate that the poor chromatographic performance and signal losses in MS detection, typically observed for phosphorylated organic molecules, can be avoided by the incorporation of a 0.1% phosphoric acid wash step between injections. The methodological approach presented here permits a highly reliable, sensitive and precise analysis of small amounts of tissues and cell samples as demonstrated in mouse liver, human hepatic (HepG2) and skeletal muscle (LHCNM2) cells. The considerable improvements discussed pave the way for acyl-CoAs to be incorporated in routine targeted lipid biomarker profile studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Abrankó
- University of Leeds, School of Food Science and Nutrition, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Gary Williamson
- University of Leeds, School of Food Science and Nutrition, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Samantha Gardner
- University of Leeds, School of Food Science and Nutrition, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Asimina Kerimi
- University of Leeds, School of Food Science and Nutrition, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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17
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Woodfield HK, Cazenave-Gassiot A, Haslam RP, Guschina IA, Wenk MR, Harwood JL. Using lipidomics to reveal details of lipid accumulation in developing seeds from oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1863:339-348. [PMID: 29275220 PMCID: PMC5791847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
With dwindling available agricultural land, concurrent with increased demand for oil, there is much current interest in raising oil crop productivity. We have been addressing this issue by studying the regulation of oil accumulation in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L). As part of this research we have carried out a detailed lipidomic analysis of developing seeds. The molecular species distribution in individual lipid classes revealed quite distinct patterns and showed where metabolic connections were important. As the seeds developed, the molecular species distributions changed, especially in the period of early (20 days after flowering, DAF) to mid phase (27DAF) of oil accumulation. The patterns of molecular species of diacylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and acyl-CoAs were used to predict the possible relative contributions of diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) and phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase to triacylglycerol production. Our calculations suggest that DGAT may hold a more important role in influencing the molecular composition of TAG. Enzyme selectivity had an important influence on the final molecular species patterns. Our data contribute significantly to our understanding of lipid accumulation in the world's third most important oil crop. Lipidomic analysis of developing rapeseed seeds is reported Results show distinct differences between lipid classes Changes in molecular species distributions were found during development The data were used to evaluate the contribution of different synthetic pathways
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amaury Cazenave-Gassiot
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117587, Singapore; Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Richard P Haslam
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | | | - Markus R Wenk
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117587, Singapore; Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
| | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
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18
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Ruiz‐Lopez N, Broughton R, Usher S, Salas JJ, Haslam RP, Napier JA, Beaudoin F. Tailoring the composition of novel wax esters in the seeds of transgenic Camelina sativa through systematic metabolic engineering. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 15:837-849. [PMID: 27990737 PMCID: PMC5466440 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The functional characterization of wax biosynthetic enzymes in transgenic plants has opened the possibility of producing tailored wax esters (WEs) in the seeds of a suitable host crop. In this study, in addition to systematically evaluating a panel of WE biosynthetic activities, we have also modulated the acyl-CoA substrate pool, through the co-expression of acyl-ACP thioesterases, to direct the accumulation of medium-chain fatty acids. Using this combinatorial approach, we determined the additive contribution of both the varied acyl-CoA pool and biosynthetic enzyme substrate specificity to the accumulation of non-native WEs in the seeds of transgenic Camelina plants. A total of fourteen constructs were prepared containing selected FAR and WS genes in combination with an acyl-ACP thioesterase. All enzyme combinations led to the successful production of wax esters, of differing compositions. The impact of acyl-CoA thioesterase expression on wax ester accumulation varied depending on the substrate specificity of the WS. Hence, co-expression of acyl-ACP thioesterases with Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus WS and Marinobacter aquaeolei FAR resulted in the production of WEs with reduced chain lengths, whereas the co-expression of the same acyl-ACP thioesterases in combination with Mus musculus WS and M. aquaeolei FAR had little impact on the overall final wax composition. This was despite substantial remodelling of the acyl-CoA pool, suggesting that these substrates were not efficiently incorporated into WEs. These results indicate that modification of the substrate pool requires careful selection of the WS and FAR activities for the successful high accumulation of these novel wax ester species in Camelina seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Ruiz‐Lopez
- IHSM‐UMA‐CSICUniversidad de MálagaMálagaSpain
- Department of Biological ChemistryRothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertsUK
| | - Richard Broughton
- Department of Biological ChemistryRothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertsUK
| | - Sarah Usher
- Department of Biological ChemistryRothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertsUK
| | | | - Richard P. Haslam
- Department of Biological ChemistryRothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertsUK
| | | | - Frédéric Beaudoin
- Department of Biological ChemistryRothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertsUK
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19
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Kostidis S, Addie RD, Morreau H, Mayboroda OA, Giera M. Quantitative NMR analysis of intra- and extracellular metabolism of mammalian cells: A tutorial. Anal Chim Acta 2017. [PMID: 28622799 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics analysis of body fluids as well as cells is depended on many factors. While several well-accepted standard operating procedures for the analysis of body fluids are available, the NMR based quantitative analysis of cellular metabolites is less well standardized. Experimental designs depend on the cell type, the quenching protocol and the applied post-acquisition workflow. Here, we provide a tutorial for the quantitative description of the metabolic phenotype of mammalian cells using NMR spectroscopy. We discuss all key steps of the process, starting from the selection of the appropriate culture medium, quenching techniques to arrest metabolism in a reproducible manner, the extraction of the intracellular components and the profiling of the culture medium. NMR data acquisition and methods for both qualitative and quantitative analysis are also provided. The suggested methods cover experiments for adherent cells and cells in suspension. We ultimately describe the application of the discussed workflow to a thyroid cancer cell line. Although this tutorial focuses on mammalian cells, the given guidelines and procedures may be adjusted for the analysis of other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarantos Kostidis
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Ruben D Addie
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Morreau
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Oleg A Mayboroda
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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20
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Degraeve-Guilbault C, Bréhélin C, Haslam R, Sayanova O, Marie-Luce G, Jouhet J, Corellou F. Glycerolipid Characterization and Nutrient Deprivation-Associated Changes in the Green Picoalga Ostreococcus tauri. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:2060-2080. [PMID: 28235892 PMCID: PMC5373045 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The picoalga Ostreococcus tauri is a minimal photosynthetic eukaryote that has been used as a model system. O. tauri is known to efficiently produce docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). We provide a comprehensive study of the glycerolipidome of O. tauri and validate this species as model for related picoeukaryotes. O. tauri lipids displayed unique features that combined traits from the green and the chromalveolate lineages. The betaine lipid diacylglyceryl-hydroxymethyl-trimethyl-β-alanine and phosphatidyldimethylpropanethiol, both hallmarks of chromalveolates, were identified as presumed extraplastidial lipids. DHA was confined to these lipids, while plastidial lipids of prokaryotic type were characterized by the overwhelming presence of ω-3 C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs), 18:5 being restricted to galactolipids. C16:4, an FA typical of green microalgae galactolipids, also was a major component of O. tauri extraplastidial lipids, while the 16:4-coenzyme A (CoA) species was not detected. Triacylglycerols (TAGs) displayed the complete panel of FAs, and many species exhibited combinations of FAs diagnostic for plastidial and extraplastidial lipids. Importantly, under nutrient deprivation, 16:4 and ω-3 C18 polyunsaturated FAs accumulated into de novo synthesized TAGs while DHA-TAG species remained rather stable, indicating an increased contribution of FAs of plastidial origin to TAG synthesis. Nutrient deprivation further severely down-regulated the conversion of 18:3 to 18:4, resulting in obvious inversion of the 18:3/18:4 ratio in plastidial lipids, TAGs, as well as acyl-CoAs. The fine-tuned and dynamic regulation of the 18:3/18:4 ratio suggested an important physiological role of these FAs in photosynthetic membranes. Acyl position in structural and storage lipids together with acyl-CoA analysis further help to determine mechanisms possibly involved in glycerolipid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Degraeve-Guilbault
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Bordeaux BP81, F-33882 Villenave D'Ornon, France (C.D.-G., C.B., G.M.-L., F.C.)
- Rothamsted Research, Biological, Chemistry, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (R.H., O.S.); and
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Grenoble Alpes, BIG, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France (J.J.)
| | - Claire Bréhélin
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Bordeaux BP81, F-33882 Villenave D'Ornon, France (C.D.-G., C.B., G.M.-L., F.C.)
- Rothamsted Research, Biological, Chemistry, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (R.H., O.S.); and
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Grenoble Alpes, BIG, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France (J.J.)
| | - Richard Haslam
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Bordeaux BP81, F-33882 Villenave D'Ornon, France (C.D.-G., C.B., G.M.-L., F.C.)
- Rothamsted Research, Biological, Chemistry, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (R.H., O.S.); and
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Grenoble Alpes, BIG, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France (J.J.)
| | - Olga Sayanova
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Bordeaux BP81, F-33882 Villenave D'Ornon, France (C.D.-G., C.B., G.M.-L., F.C.)
- Rothamsted Research, Biological, Chemistry, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (R.H., O.S.); and
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Grenoble Alpes, BIG, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France (J.J.)
| | - Glawdys Marie-Luce
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Bordeaux BP81, F-33882 Villenave D'Ornon, France (C.D.-G., C.B., G.M.-L., F.C.)
- Rothamsted Research, Biological, Chemistry, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (R.H., O.S.); and
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Grenoble Alpes, BIG, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France (J.J.)
| | - Juliette Jouhet
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Bordeaux BP81, F-33882 Villenave D'Ornon, France (C.D.-G., C.B., G.M.-L., F.C.)
- Rothamsted Research, Biological, Chemistry, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (R.H., O.S.); and
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Grenoble Alpes, BIG, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France (J.J.)
| | - Florence Corellou
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Bordeaux BP81, F-33882 Villenave D'Ornon, France (C.D.-G., C.B., G.M.-L., F.C.);
- Rothamsted Research, Biological, Chemistry, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (R.H., O.S.); and
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Grenoble Alpes, BIG, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France (J.J.)
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21
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Morin-Rivron D, Christinat N, Masoodi M. Lipidomics analysis of long-chain fatty acyl-coenzyme As in liver, brain, muscle and adipose tissue by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:344-350. [PMID: 27870154 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Long-chain fatty acyl-coenzyme As (FA-CoAs) are important bioactive molecules, playing key roles in biosynthesis of fatty acids, membrane trafficking and signal transduction. Development of sensitive analytical methods for profiling theses lipid species in various tissues is critical to understand their biological activity. A high-pressure liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method has been developed for the quantitative analysis and screening of long-chain FACoAs in liver, brain, muscle and adipose tissue. METHODS The sample preparation method consists of tissue homogenization, extraction with organic solvent and reconstitution in an ammonium hydroxide buffer. Extracts are separated by liquid chromatography (LC) on a reversed-phase column and detected by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) in positive mode. An additional neutral loss scan allows for untargeted FA-CoAs screening. RESULTS Extraction was optimized for low sample load (10 mg) of four tissue types (liver, brain, muscle and adipose tissue) with recoveries between 60-140% depending on the analyte and tissue type. Targeted quantification was validated for ten FA-CoAs in the range 0.1-500 ng/mL with accuracies between 85-120%. CONCLUSIONS We have developed and validated a LC/MS/MS method for the quantifications and screening of long-chain FA-CoAs in four different types of mammalian tissue. The extraction method is straightforward and long-chain FA-CoA species can be quantified using only minimum amount of tissue. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Morin-Rivron
- Lipid Biology, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, Bâtiment H, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Christinat
- Lipid Biology, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, Bâtiment H, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Mojgan Masoodi
- Lipid Biology, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, Bâtiment H, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
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22
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Molecular basis of fatty acid selectivity in the zDHHC family of S-acyltransferases revealed by click chemistry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E1365-E1374. [PMID: 28167757 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1612254114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
S-acylation is a major posttranslational modification, catalyzed by the zinc finger DHHC domain containing (zDHHC) enzyme family. S-acylated proteins can be modified by different fatty acids; however, very little is known about how zDHHC enzymes contribute to acyl chain heterogeneity. Here, we used fatty acid-azide/alkyne labeling of mammalian cells, showing their transformation into acyl-CoAs and subsequent click chemistry-based detection, to demonstrate that zDHHC enzymes have marked differences in their fatty acid selectivity. This difference in selectivity was apparent even for highly related enzymes, such as zDHHC3 and zDHHC7, which displayed a marked difference in their ability to use C18:0 acyl-CoA as a substrate. Furthermore, we identified isoleucine-182 in transmembrane domain 3 of zDHHC3 as a key determinant in limiting the use of longer chain acyl-CoAs by this enzyme. This study uncovered differences in the fatty acid selectivity profiles of cellular zDHHC enzymes and mapped molecular determinants governing this selectivity.
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23
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Yang X, Ma Y, Li N, Cai H, Bartlett MG. Development of a Method for the Determination of Acyl-CoA Compounds by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry to Probe the Metabolism of Fatty Acids. Anal Chem 2017; 89:813-821. [PMID: 27990799 PMCID: PMC5679003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Acyl-Coenzyme As (acyl-CoAs) are a group of activated fatty acid molecules participating in multiple cellular processes including lipid synthesis, oxidative metabolism of fatty acids to produce ATP, transcriptional regulation, and protein post-translational modification. Quantification of cellular acyl-CoAs is challenging due to their instability in aqueous solutions and lack of blank matrices. Here we demonstrate an LC-MS/MS analytical method which allows for absolute quantitation with broad coverage of cellular acyl-CoAs. This assay was applied to profile endogenous acyl-CoAs under the challenge of a variety of dietary fatty acids in prostate and hepatic cells. Additionally, this approach allowed for detection of multiple fatty acid metabolic processes including the biogenesis of acyl-CoAs, and their elongation, degradation, and desaturation. Hierarchical clustering in the remodeling of acyl-CoA profiles revealed a fatty-acid-specific pattern across all tested cell lines, which provides a valuable reference for making predictions in other cell models. Individual acyl-CoAs were identified which were altered differentially by exogenous fatty acids in divergent tumorigenicity states of cells. These findings demonstrate the power of acyl-CoA profiling toward understanding the mechanisms for the progression of tumors or other diseases in response to fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangkun Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 W. Green Street, Athens, Georgia, 30602, United States
| | - Yongjie Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 W. Green Street, Athens, Georgia, 30602, United States
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Houjian Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 W. Green Street, Athens, Georgia, 30602, United States
| | - Michael G. Bartlett
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 W. Green Street, Athens, Georgia, 30602, United States
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24
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Goosen R, Strauss E. Simultaneous quantification of coenzyme A and its salvage pathway intermediates in in vitro and whole cell-sourced samples. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00192d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A method for the quantitative analysis of CoA and its thiolated precursors was developed, addressing the analytical shortcomings of previous methods. Its utility was showcased by analysis ofin vitroenzyme reactions and samples extracted from various bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Goosen
- Department of Biochemistry
- Stellenbosch University
- Stellenbosch
- South Africa
| | - E. Strauss
- Department of Biochemistry
- Stellenbosch University
- Stellenbosch
- South Africa
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25
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Zhou Y, Hölzl G, Vom Dorp K, Peisker H, Melzer M, Frentzen M, Dörmann P. Identification and characterization of a plastidial phosphatidylglycerophosphate phosphatase in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 89:221-234. [PMID: 27614107 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) is the only phospholipid in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts of plants, and it is also found in extraplastidial membranes including mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. Previous studies showed that lack of PG in the pgp1-2 mutant of Arabidopsis deficient in phosphatidylglycerophosphate (PGP) synthase strongly affects thylakoid biogenesis and photosynthetic activity. In the present study, the gene encoding the enzyme for the second step of PG synthesis, PGP phosphatase, was isolated based on sequence similarity to the yeast GEP4 and Chlamydomonas PGPP1 genes. The Arabidopsis AtPGPP1 protein localizes to chloroplasts and harbors PGP phosphatase activity with alkaline pH optimum and divalent cation requirement. Arabidopsis pgpp1-1 mutant plants contain reduced amounts of chlorophyll, but photosynthetic quantum yield remains unchanged. The absolute content of plastidial PG (34:4; total number of acyl carbons:number of double bonds) is reduced by about 1/3, demonstrating that AtPGPP1 is involved in the synthesis of plastidial PG. PGP 34:3, PGP 34:2 and PGP 34:1 lacking 16:1 accumulate in pgpp1-1, indicating that the desaturation of 16:0 to 16:1 by the FAD4 desaturase in the chloroplasts only occurs after PGP dephosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Strasse 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Georg Hölzl
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Strasse 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Vom Dorp
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Strasse 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Helga Peisker
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Strasse 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Melzer
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Margrit Frentzen
- Botany, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Dörmann
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Strasse 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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26
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Popko J, Herrfurth C, Feussner K, Ischebeck T, Iven T, Haslam R, Hamilton M, Sayanova O, Napier J, Khozin-Goldberg I, Feussner I. Metabolome Analysis Reveals Betaine Lipids as Major Source for Triglyceride Formation, and the Accumulation of Sedoheptulose during Nitrogen-Starvation of Phaeodactylum tricornutum. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164673. [PMID: 27736949 PMCID: PMC5063337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleaginous microalgae are considered as a promising resource for the production of biofuels. Especially diatoms arouse interest as biofuel producers since they are most productive in carbon fixation and very flexible to environmental changes in the nature. Naturally, triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in algae only occurs under stress conditions like nitrogen-limitation. We focused on Phaeodactylum strain Pt4 (UTEX 646), because of its ability to grow in medium with low salinity and therefore being suited when saline water is less available or for wastewater cultivation strategies. Our data show an increase in neutral lipids during nitrogen-depletion and predominantly 16:0 and 16:1(n-7) accumulated in the TAG fraction. The molecular species composition of TAG suggests a remodeling primarily from the betaine lipid diacylglyceroltrimethylhomoserine (DGTS), but a contribution of the chloroplast galactolipid monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) cannot be excluded. Interestingly, the acyl-CoA pool is rich in 20:5(n-3) and 22:6(n-3) in all analyzed conditions, but these fatty acids are almost excluded from TAG. Other metabolites most obviously depleted under nitrogen-starvation were amino acids, lyso-phospholipids and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, whereas sulfur-containing metabolites as dimethylsulfoniopropionate, dimethylsulfoniobutyrate and methylsulfate as well as short acyl chain carnitines, propanoyl-carnitine and butanoyl-carnitine increased upon nitrogen-starvation. Moreover, the Calvin cycle may be de-regulated since sedoheptulose accumulated after nitrogen-depletion. Together the data provide now the basis for new strategies to improve lipid production and storage in Phaeodactylum strain Pt4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Popko
- Georg-August-University, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herrfurth
- Georg-August-University, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kirstin Feussner
- Georg-August-University, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Georg-August-University, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tim Iven
- Georg-August-University, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Richard Haslam
- Rothamsted Research, Biological Chemistry, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Hamilton
- Rothamsted Research, Biological Chemistry, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Olga Sayanova
- Rothamsted Research, Biological Chemistry, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Napier
- Rothamsted Research, Biological Chemistry, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Inna Khozin-Goldberg
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 8499000, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Georg-August-University, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Georg-August-University, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Department of Plant Biochemistry, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Georg-August-University, International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion (ICASEC), Department of Plant Biochemistry, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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27
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Morineau C, Gissot L, Bellec Y, Hematy K, Tellier F, Renne C, Haslam R, Beaudoin F, Napier J, Faure JD. Dual Fatty Acid Elongase Complex Interactions in Arabidopsis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160631. [PMID: 27583779 PMCID: PMC5008698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are involved in plant development and particularly in several cellular processes such as membrane trafficking, cell division and cell differentiation. However, the precise role of VLCFAs in these different cellular processes is still poorly understood in plants. In order to identify new factors associated with the biosynthesis or function of VLCFAs, a yeast multicopy suppressor screen was carried out in a yeast mutant strain defective for fatty acid elongation. Loss of function of the elongase 3 hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase PHS1 in yeast and PASTICCINO2 in plants prevents growth and induces cytokinesis defects. PROTEIN TYROSIN PHOSPHATASE-LIKE (PTPLA) previously characterized as an inactive dehydratase was able to restore yeast phs1 growth and VLCFAs elongation but not the plant pas2-1 defects. PTPLA interacted with elongase subunits in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and its absence induced the accumulation of 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA as expected from a dehydratase involved in fatty acid (FA) elongation. However, loss of PTPLA function increased VLCFA levels, an effect that was dependent on the presence of PAS2 indicating that PTPLA activity repressed FA elongation. The two dehydratases have specific expression profiles in the root with PAS2, mostly restricted to the endodermis, while PTPLA was confined in the vascular tissue and pericycle cells. Comparative ectopic expression of PTPLA and PAS2 in their respective domains confirmed the existence of two independent elongase complexes based on PAS2 or PTPLA dehydratase that are functionally interacting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Morineau
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
- Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Lionel Gissot
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Yannick Bellec
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Kian Hematy
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Frédérique Tellier
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Charlotte Renne
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Richard Haslam
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Frédéric Beaudoin
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Johnathan Napier
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Denis Faure
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
- * E-mail:
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28
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Cabruja M, Lyonnet BB, Millán G, Gramajo H, Gago G. Analysis of coenzyme A activated compounds in actinomycetes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:7239-48. [PMID: 27270600 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7635-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Acyl-CoAs are crucial compounds involved in essential metabolic pathways such as the Krebs cycle and lipid, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolisms, and they are also key signal molecules involved in the transcriptional regulation of lipid biosynthesis in many organisms. In this study, we took advantage of the high selectivity of mass spectrometry and developed an ion-pairing reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (IP-RP-HPLC/ESI-HRMS) method to carry on a comprehensive analytical determination of the wide range of fatty acyl-CoAs present in actinomycetes. The advantage of using a QTOF spectrometer resides in the excellent mass accuracy over a wide dynamic range and measurements of the true isotope pattern that can be used for molecular formula elucidation of unknown analytes. As a proof of concept, we used this assay to determine the composition of the fatty acyl-CoA pools in Mycobacterium, Streptomyces, and Corynebacterium species, revealing an extraordinary difference in fatty acyl-CoA amounts and species distribution between the three genera and between the two species of mycobacteria analyzed, including the presence of different chain-length carboxy-acyl-CoAs, key substrates of mycolic acid biosynthesis. The method was also used to analyze the impact of two fatty acid synthase inhibitors on the acyl-CoA profile of Mycobacterium smegmatis, which showed some unexpected low levels of C24 acyl-CoAs in the isoniazid-treated cells. This robust, sensitive, and reliable method should be broadly applicable in the studies of the wide range of bacteria metabolisms in which acyl-CoA molecules participate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Cabruja
- Laboratory of Physiology and Genetics of Actinomycetes, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, (2000), Argentina
| | - Bernardo Bazet Lyonnet
- Laboratory of Physiology and Genetics of Actinomycetes, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, (2000), Argentina
| | - Gustavo Millán
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Centro Científico Tecnológico Rosario, CONICET, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Hugo Gramajo
- Laboratory of Physiology and Genetics of Actinomycetes, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, (2000), Argentina.
| | - Gabriela Gago
- Laboratory of Physiology and Genetics of Actinomycetes, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, (2000), Argentina.
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Worth AJ, Marchione DM, Parry RC, Wang Q, Gillespie KP, Saillant NN, Sims C, Mesaros C, Snyder NW, Blair IA. LC-MS Analysis of Human Platelets as a Platform for Studying Mitochondrial Metabolism. J Vis Exp 2016:e53941. [PMID: 27077278 DOI: 10.3791/53941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Perturbed mitochondrial metabolism has received renewed interest as playing a causative role in a range of diseases. Probing alterations to metabolic pathways requires a model in which external factors can be well controlled, allowing for reproducible and meaningful results. Many studies employ transformed cellular models for these purposes; however, metabolic reprogramming that occurs in many cancer cell lines may introduce confounding variables. For this reason primary cells are desirable, though attaining adequate biomass for metabolic studies can be challenging. Here we show that human platelets can be utilized as a platform to carry out metabolic studies in combination with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. This approach is amenable to relative quantification and isotopic labeling to probe the activity of specific metabolic pathways. Availability of platelets from individual donors or from blood banks makes this model system applicable to clinical studies and feasible to scale up. Here we utilize isolated platelets to confirm previously identified compensatory metabolic shifts in response to the complex I inhibitor rotenone. More specifically, a decrease in glycolysis is accompanied by an increase in fatty acid oxidation to maintain acetyl-CoA levels. Our results show that platelets can be used as an easily accessible and medically relevant model to probe the effects of xenobiotics on cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Worth
- Center for Cancer Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania; Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Dylan M Marchione
- Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania; Penn SRP and Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Robert C Parry
- Center for Cancer Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania; Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania; Penn SRP and Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Kevin P Gillespie
- Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania; Penn SRP and Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Noelle N Saillant
- Division of Traumatology, Department of Surgery, Critical Care and Acute Care Surgery, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Carrie Sims
- Division of Traumatology, Department of Surgery, Critical Care and Acute Care Surgery, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Clementina Mesaros
- Center for Cancer Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania; Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania
| | | | - Ian A Blair
- Center for Cancer Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania; Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania;
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Ziv C, Malitsky S, Othman A, Ben-Dor S, Wei Y, Zheng S, Aharoni A, Hornemann T, Vardi A. Viral serine palmitoyltransferase induces metabolic switch in sphingolipid biosynthesis and is required for infection of a marine alga. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E1907-16. [PMID: 26984500 PMCID: PMC4822627 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1523168113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine viruses are the most abundant biological entities in the oceans shaping community structure and nutrient cycling. The interaction between the bloom-forming alga Emiliania huxleyi and its specific large dsDNA virus (EhV) is a major factor determining the fate of carbon in the ocean, thus serving as a key host-pathogen model system. The EhV genome encodes for a set of genes involved in the de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis, not reported in any viral genome to date. We combined detailed lipidomic and biochemical analyses to characterize the functional role of this virus-encoded pathway during lytic viral infection. We identified a major metabolic shift, mediated by differential substrate specificity of virus-encoded serine palmitoyltransferase, a key enzyme of sphingolipid biosynthesis. Consequently, unique viral glycosphingolipids, composed of unusual hydroxylated C17 sphingoid bases (t17:0) were highly enriched in the infected cells, and their synthesis was found to be essential for viral assembly. These findings uncover the biochemical bases of the virus-induced metabolic rewiring of the host sphingolipid biosynthesis during the chemical "arms race" in the ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmit Ziv
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sergey Malitsky
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Alaa Othman
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Biological Services Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yu Wei
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shuning Zheng
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Thorsten Hornemann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Assaf Vardi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;
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31
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Goldenberg JR, Wang X, Lewandowski ED. Acyl CoA synthetase-1 links facilitated long chain fatty acid uptake to intracellular metabolic trafficking differently in hearts of male versus female mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 94:1-9. [PMID: 26995156 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Acyl CoA synthetase-1 (ACSL1) is localized at intracellular membranes, notably the mitochondrial membrane. ACSL1 and female sex are suggested to indirectly facilitate lipid availability to the heart and other organs. However, such mechanisms in intact, functioning myocardium remain unexplored, and roles of ACSL1 and sex in the uptake and trafficking of fats are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To determine the potential for ACSL1 and sex-dependent differences in metabolic trapping and trafficking effects of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) within cardiomyocytes of intact hearts. METHODS AND RESULTS (13)C NMR of intact, beating mouse hearts, supplied (13)C palmitate, revealed 44% faster trans-sarcolemmal uptake of LCFA in male hearts overexpressing ACSL1 (MHC-ACSL1) than in non-transgenic (NTG) males (p<0.05). Acyl CoA content was elevated by ACSL1 overexpression, 404% in males and 164% in female, relative to NTG. Despite similar ACSL1 content, NTG females displayed faster LCFA uptake kinetics compared to NTG males, which was reversed by ovariectomy. NTG female LCFA uptake rates were similar to those in ACSL1 males and ACSL1 females. ACSL1 and female sex hormones both accelerated LCFA uptake without affecting triglyceride content or turnover. ACSL1 hearts contained elevated ceramide, particularly C22 ceramide in both sexes and specifically, C24 in males. ACSL1 also induced lower content of fatty acid transporter-6 (FATP6) indicating cooperative regulation with ACSL1. Surprisingly, ACSL1 overexpression did not increase mitochondrial oxidation of exogenous palmitate, which actually dropped in female ACSL1 hearts. CONCLUSIONS ACSL1-mediated metabolic trapping of exogenous LCFA accelerates LCFA uptake rates, albeit to a lesser extent in females, which distinctly affects LCFA trafficking to acyl intermediates but not triglyceride storage or mitochondrial oxidation and is affected by female sex hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Goldenberg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, 909 South Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, 835 South Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Xuerong Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, 909 South Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - E Douglas Lewandowski
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, 909 South Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, 835 South Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 6400 Sanger Road, Orlando, FL 32827, USA.
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LC-quadrupole/Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry enables stable isotope-resolved simultaneous quantification and ¹³C-isotopic labeling of acyl-coenzyme A thioesters. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:3651-8. [PMID: 26968563 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9448-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Acyl-coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) thioesters are evolutionarily conserved, compartmentalized, and energetically activated substrates for biochemical reactions. The ubiquitous involvement of acyl-CoA thioesters in metabolism, including the tricarboxylic acid cycle, fatty acid metabolism, amino acid degradation, and cholesterol metabolism highlights the broad applicability of applied measurements of acyl-CoA thioesters. However, quantitation of acyl-CoA levels provides only one dimension of metabolic information and a more complete description of metabolism requires the relative contribution of different precursors to individual substrates and pathways. Using two distinct stable isotope labeling approaches, acyl-CoA thioesters can be labeled with either a fixed [(13)C3(15)N1] label derived from pantothenate into the CoA moiety or via variable [(13)C] labeling into the acyl chain from metabolic precursors. Liquid chromatography-hybrid quadrupole/Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry using parallel reaction monitoring, but not single ion monitoring, allowed the simultaneous quantitation of acyl-CoA thioesters by stable isotope dilution using the [(13)C3(15)N1] label and measurement of the incorporation of labeled carbon atoms derived from [(13)C6]-glucose, [(13)C5(15)N2]-glutamine, and [(13)C3]-propionate. As a proof of principle, we applied this method to human B cell lymphoma (WSU-DLCL2) cells in culture to precisely describe the relative pool size and enrichment of isotopic tracers into acetyl-, succinyl-, and propionyl-CoA. This method will allow highly precise, multiplexed, and stable isotope-resolved determination of metabolism to refine metabolic models, characterize novel metabolism, and test modulators of metabolic pathways involving acyl-CoA thioesters.
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33
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Akagi S, Kono N, Ariyama H, Shindou H, Shimizu T, Arai H. Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 protects against cytotoxicity induced by polyunsaturated fatty acids. FASEB J 2016; 30:2027-39. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sosuke Akagi
- Department of Health ChemistryGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Nozomu Kono
- Department of Health ChemistryGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Ariyama
- Department of Health ChemistryGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Hideo Shindou
- Department of Lipid SignalingResearch InstituteNational Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development‐Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (AMED‐CREST)TokyoJapan
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipid SignalingResearch InstituteNational Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of LipidomicsGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Arai
- Department of Health ChemistryGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development‐Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (AMED‐CREST)TokyoJapan
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Gosejacob D, Jäger PS, Vom Dorp K, Frejno M, Carstensen AC, Köhnke M, Degen J, Dörmann P, Hoch M. Ceramide Synthase 5 Is Essential to Maintain C16:0-Ceramide Pools and Contributes to the Development of Diet-induced Obesity. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:6989-7003. [PMID: 26853464 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.691212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceramides are bioactive sphingolipids, which are composed of sphingoid bases carrying acyl chains of various lengths. Ceramides are synthesized by a family of six ceramide synthases (CerS) in mammals, which produce ceramides with differentN-linked acyl chains. Increased ceramide levels are known to contribute to the development of obesity and insulin resistance. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the ceramide acylation pattern is of particular importance for an organism to maintain energy homeostasis. However, which of theCerSfamily members are involved in this process is not yet completely known. Using newly developedCerS5knock-out mice, we show here thatCerS5is essential to maintain cellular C16:0sphingolipid pools in lung, spleen, muscle, liver, and white adipose tissue. Glycerophospholipid levels inCerS5-deficient mice were not altered. We found a strong impact of CerS5-dependent ceramide synthesis in white adipose tissue after high fat diet feeding. In skeletal muscle, liver, and spleen, C16:0-ceramide levels were altered independent of feeding conditions. The loss ofCerS5is associated with reduced weight gain and improved systemic health, including maintenance of glucose homeostasis and reduced white adipose tissue inflammation after high fat diet challenge. Our findings indicate that reduction of endogenous C16:0-ceramide by genetic inhibition ofCerS5is sufficient to ameliorate obesity and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Gosejacob
- From the LIMES-Institute, Program Unit Development, Genetics and Molecular Physiology, Molecular Developmental Biology, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Strasse 31 and
| | - Philipp S Jäger
- From the LIMES-Institute, Program Unit Development, Genetics and Molecular Physiology, Molecular Developmental Biology, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Strasse 31 and
| | - Katharina Vom Dorp
- IMBIO, Molecular Biotechnology, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Str. 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Frejno
- From the LIMES-Institute, Program Unit Development, Genetics and Molecular Physiology, Molecular Developmental Biology, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Strasse 31 and
| | - Anne C Carstensen
- From the LIMES-Institute, Program Unit Development, Genetics and Molecular Physiology, Molecular Developmental Biology, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Strasse 31 and
| | - Monika Köhnke
- From the LIMES-Institute, Program Unit Development, Genetics and Molecular Physiology, Molecular Developmental Biology, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Strasse 31 and
| | - Joachim Degen
- From the LIMES-Institute, Program Unit Development, Genetics and Molecular Physiology, Molecular Developmental Biology, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Strasse 31 and
| | - Peter Dörmann
- IMBIO, Molecular Biotechnology, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Str. 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Hoch
- From the LIMES-Institute, Program Unit Development, Genetics and Molecular Physiology, Molecular Developmental Biology, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Strasse 31 and
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35
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Hématy K, Bellec Y, Podicheti R, Bouteiller N, Anne P, Morineau C, Haslam RP, Beaudoin F, Napier JA, Mockaitis K, Gagliardi D, Vaucheret H, Lange H, Faure JD. The Zinc-Finger Protein SOP1 Is Required for a Subset of the Nuclear Exosome Functions in Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005817. [PMID: 26828932 PMCID: PMC4735120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Correct gene expression requires tight RNA quality control both at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Using a splicing-defective allele of PASTICCINO2 (PAS2), a gene essential for plant development, we isolated suppressor mutations modifying pas2-1 mRNA profiles and restoring wild-type growth. Three suppressor of pas2 (sop) mutations modified the degradation of mis-spliced pas2-1 mRNA species, allowing the synthesis of a functional protein. Cloning of the suppressor mutations identified the core subunit of the exosome SOP2/RRP4, the exosome nucleoplasmic cofactor SOP3/HEN2 and a novel zinc-finger protein SOP1 that colocalizes with HEN2 in nucleoplasmic foci. The three SOP proteins counteract post-transcriptional (trans)gene silencing (PTGS), which suggests that they all act in RNA quality control. In addition, sop1 mutants accumulate some, but not all of the misprocessed mRNAs and other types of RNAs that are observed in exosome mutants. Taken together, our data show that SOP1 is a new component of nuclear RNA surveillance that is required for the degradation of a specific subset of nuclear exosome targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kian Hématy
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Yannick Bellec
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Ram Podicheti
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
- School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Nathalie Bouteiller
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Pauline Anne
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
- Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Céline Morineau
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
- Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Richard P. Haslam
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Frederic Beaudoin
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Johnathan A. Napier
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Keithanne Mockaitis
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
- Pervasive Technology Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Dominique Gagliardi
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UPR 2357, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hervé Vaucheret
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Heike Lange
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UPR 2357, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Denis Faure
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
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36
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Meï CE, Cussac M, Haslam RP, Beaudoin F, Wong YS, Maréchal E, Rébeillé F. C1 Metabolism Inhibition and Nitrogen Deprivation Trigger Triacylglycerol Accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana Cell Cultures and Highlight a Role of NPC in Phosphatidylcholine-to-Triacylglycerol Pathway. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:2014. [PMID: 28101097 PMCID: PMC5209388 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.02014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation often occurs in growth limiting conditions such as nutrient deprivations. We analyzed and compared the lipid contents of Arabidopsis cells grown under two conditions that inhibited growth as a way to study interactions between membrane and storage lipids. In order to inhibit C1 metabolism, the first condition utilized methotrexate (MTX), a drug that inhibits methyl transfer reactions and potentially reduces Pi-choline synthesis, the polar head of phosphatidylcholine (PC). MTX-treated cells displayed a 10- to 15-fold increase in TAG compared to that found in control cells. This corresponded to a net increase of lipids as the total amount of membrane glycerolipids was minimally affected. Under this condition, PC homeostasis appeared tightly regulated and not strictly dependent on the rate of Pi-choline synthesis. The second condition we investigated involved nitrogen deprivation. Here, we observed a 40-fold increase of TAG. In these cells, the overall lipid content remained unchanged, but membrane lipids decreased by a factor of two suggesting a reduction of the membrane network and a rerouting of membrane lipids to storage lipids. Under all conditions, fatty acid (FA) analyses showed that the FA composition of TAG was comparable to that in PC, but different from that in acyl-CoA, suggesting that TAG accumulation involved PC-derived DAG moieties. In agreement, analyses by qPCR of genes coding for TAG synthesis showed a strong increase of non-specific phospholipase C (NPC) expressions, and experiments using labeled (fluorescent) PC indicated higher rates of PC-to-TAG conversion under both situations. These results highlight a role for NPC in plant cell oil production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coline E. Meï
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, UMR 5168 CNRS – CEA – INRA – Université Grenoble Alpes, Bioscience and Biotechnologies Institute of GrenobleCEA-Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Mathilde Cussac
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, UMR 5168 CNRS – CEA – INRA – Université Grenoble Alpes, Bioscience and Biotechnologies Institute of GrenobleCEA-Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Richard P. Haslam
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted ResearchHarpenden, UK
| | - Frédéric Beaudoin
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted ResearchHarpenden, UK
| | - Yung-Sing Wong
- Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire, UMR 5063 CNRS – Université Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, UMR 5168 CNRS – CEA – INRA – Université Grenoble Alpes, Bioscience and Biotechnologies Institute of GrenobleCEA-Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Fabrice Rébeillé
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, UMR 5168 CNRS – CEA – INRA – Université Grenoble Alpes, Bioscience and Biotechnologies Institute of GrenobleCEA-Grenoble, Grenoble, France
- *Correspondence: Fabrice Rébeillé,
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Cajka T, Fiehn O. Toward Merging Untargeted and Targeted Methods in Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics and Lipidomics. Anal Chem 2015; 88:524-45. [PMID: 26637011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 533] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Cajka
- UC Davis Genome Center-Metabolomics, University of California Davis , 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- UC Davis Genome Center-Metabolomics, University of California Davis , 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, California 95616, United States.,King Abdulaziz University , Faculty of Science, Biochemistry Department, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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38
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Ruiz-Lopez N, Haslam RP, Usher S, Napier JA, Sayanova O. An alternative pathway for the effective production of the omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturates EPA and ETA in transgenic oilseeds. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 13:1264-75. [PMID: 25640865 PMCID: PMC4973703 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and accumulation of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in transgenic Camelina sativa is demonstrated using the so-called alternative pathway. This aerobic pathway is found in a small number of taxonomically unrelated unicellular organisms and utilizes a C18 Δ9-elongase to generate C20 PUFAs. Here, we evaluated four different combinations of seed-specific transgene-derived activities to systematically determine the potential of this pathway to direct the synthesis of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in transgenic plants. The accumulation of EPA and the related omega-3 LC-PUFA eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA) was observed up to 26.4% of total seed fatty acids, of which ETA was 9.5%. Seed oils such as these not only represent an additional source of EPA, but also an entirely new source of the bona fide fish oil ETA. Detailed lipidomic analysis of the alternative pathway in Camelina revealed that the acyl-substrate preferences of the different activities in the pathway can still generate a substrate-dichotomy bottleneck, largely due to inefficient acyl-exchange from phospholipids into the acyl-CoA pool. However, significant levels of EPA and ETA were detected in the triacylglycerols of transgenic seeds, confirming the channelling of these fatty acids into this storage lipid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Ruiz-Lopez
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Richard P Haslam
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Sarah Usher
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Johnathan A Napier
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Olga Sayanova
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
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39
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Methods for measuring CoA and CoA derivatives in biological samples. Biochem Soc Trans 2015; 42:1107-11. [PMID: 25110010 DOI: 10.1042/bst20140123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
CoA (coenzyme A) is a ubiquitous and essential cofactor that acts as an acyl group carrier in biochemical reactions. Apart from participating in numerous metabolic pathways as substrates and intermediates, CoA and a number of its thioester derivatives, such as acetyl-CoA, can also directly regulate the activity of proteins by allosteric mechanisms and by affecting protein acetylation reactions. Cellular levels of CoA and CoA thioesters change under various physiological and pathological conditions. Defective CoA biosynthesis is implicated in NBIA (neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation). However, the exact role of CoA in the pathogenesis of NBIA is not well understood. Accurate and reliable assays for measuring CoA species in biological samples are essential for studying the roles of CoA and CoA derivatives in health and disease. The present mini-review discusses methods that are commonly used to measure CoA species in biological samples.
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Kim HK, Shin MS, Youn BS, Kang GM, Gil SY, Lee CH, Choi JH, Lim HS, Yoo HJ, Kim MS. Regulation of energy balance by the hypothalamic lipoprotein lipase regulator Angptl3. Diabetes 2015; 64:1142-53. [PMID: 25338813 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypothalamic lipid sensing is important for the maintenance of energy balance. Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (Angptl3) critically regulates the clearance of circulating lipids by inhibiting lipoprotein lipase (LPL). The current study demonstrated that Angptl3 is highly expressed in the neurons of the mediobasal hypothalamus, an important area in brain lipid sensing. Suppression of hypothalamic Angptl3 increased food intake but reduced energy expenditure and fat oxidation, thereby promoting weight gain. Consistently, intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of Angptl3 caused the opposite metabolic changes, supporting an important role for hypothalamic Angptl3 in the control of energy balance. Notably, ICV Angptl3 significantly stimulated hypothalamic LPL activity. Moreover, coadministration of the LPL inhibitor apolipoprotein C3 antagonized the effects of Angptl3 on energy metabolism, indicating that LPL activation is critical for the central metabolic actions of Angptl3. Increased LPL activity is expected to promote lipid uptake by hypothalamic neurons, leading to enhanced brain lipid sensing. Indeed, ICV injection of Angptl3 increased long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) and LCFA-CoA levels in the hypothalamus. Furthermore, inhibitors of hypothalamic lipid-sensing pathways prevented Angptl3-induced anorexia and weight loss. These findings identify Angptl3 as a novel regulator of the hypothalamic lipid-sensing pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Kyong Kim
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, ASAN Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Seon Shin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Youn
- Department of Anatomy, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil Myoung Kang
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, ASAN Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Gil
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, ASAN Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hee Lee
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, ASAN Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Han Choi
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, ASAN Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Sun Lim
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, ASAN Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Yoo
- Biomedical Research Center, ASAN Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seon Kim
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, ASAN Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Haslam TM, Haslam R, Thoraval D, Pascal S, Delude C, Domergue F, Fernández AM, Beaudoin F, Napier JA, Kunst L, Joubès J. ECERIFERUM2-LIKE proteins have unique biochemical and physiological functions in very-long-chain fatty acid elongation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 167:682-92. [PMID: 25596184 PMCID: PMC4348766 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.253195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The extension of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) for the synthesis of specialized apoplastic lipids requires unique biochemical machinery. Condensing enzymes catalyze the first reaction in fatty acid elongation and determine the chain length of fatty acids accepted and produced by the fatty acid elongation complex. Although necessary for the elongation of all VLCFAs, known condensing enzymes cannot efficiently synthesize VLCFAs longer than 28 carbons, despite the prevalence of C28 to C34 acyl lipids in cuticular wax and the pollen coat. The eceriferum2 (cer2) mutant of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) was previously shown to have a specific deficiency in cuticular waxes longer than 28 carbons, and heterologous expression of CER2 in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) demonstrated that it can modify the acyl chain length produced by a condensing enzyme from 28 to 30 carbon atoms. Here, we report the physiological functions and biochemical specificities of the CER2 homologs CER2-LIKE1 and CER2-LIKE2 by mutant analysis and heterologous expression in yeast. We demonstrate that all three CER2-LIKEs function with the same small subset of condensing enzymes, and that they have different effects on the substrate specificity of the same condensing enzyme. Finally, we show that the changes in acyl chain length caused by each CER2-LIKE protein are of substantial importance for cuticle formation and pollen coat function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegan M Haslam
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4 (T.M.H., A.M.F., L.K.);Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (R.H., F.B., J.A.N.);Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (D.T., S.P., C.D., F.D., J.J.); andCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (D.T., S.P., C.D., F.D., J.J.)
| | - Richard Haslam
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4 (T.M.H., A.M.F., L.K.);Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (R.H., F.B., J.A.N.);Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (D.T., S.P., C.D., F.D., J.J.); andCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (D.T., S.P., C.D., F.D., J.J.)
| | - Didier Thoraval
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4 (T.M.H., A.M.F., L.K.);Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (R.H., F.B., J.A.N.);Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (D.T., S.P., C.D., F.D., J.J.); andCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (D.T., S.P., C.D., F.D., J.J.)
| | - Stéphanie Pascal
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4 (T.M.H., A.M.F., L.K.);Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (R.H., F.B., J.A.N.);Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (D.T., S.P., C.D., F.D., J.J.); andCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (D.T., S.P., C.D., F.D., J.J.)
| | - Camille Delude
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4 (T.M.H., A.M.F., L.K.);Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (R.H., F.B., J.A.N.);Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (D.T., S.P., C.D., F.D., J.J.); andCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (D.T., S.P., C.D., F.D., J.J.)
| | - Frédéric Domergue
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4 (T.M.H., A.M.F., L.K.);Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (R.H., F.B., J.A.N.);Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (D.T., S.P., C.D., F.D., J.J.); andCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (D.T., S.P., C.D., F.D., J.J.)
| | - Aurora Mañas Fernández
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4 (T.M.H., A.M.F., L.K.);Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (R.H., F.B., J.A.N.);Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (D.T., S.P., C.D., F.D., J.J.); andCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (D.T., S.P., C.D., F.D., J.J.)
| | - Frédéric Beaudoin
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4 (T.M.H., A.M.F., L.K.);Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (R.H., F.B., J.A.N.);Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (D.T., S.P., C.D., F.D., J.J.); andCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (D.T., S.P., C.D., F.D., J.J.)
| | - Johnathan A Napier
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4 (T.M.H., A.M.F., L.K.);Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (R.H., F.B., J.A.N.);Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (D.T., S.P., C.D., F.D., J.J.); andCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (D.T., S.P., C.D., F.D., J.J.)
| | - Ljerka Kunst
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4 (T.M.H., A.M.F., L.K.);Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (R.H., F.B., J.A.N.);Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (D.T., S.P., C.D., F.D., J.J.); andCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (D.T., S.P., C.D., F.D., J.J.)
| | - Jérôme Joubès
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4 (T.M.H., A.M.F., L.K.);Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (R.H., F.B., J.A.N.);Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (D.T., S.P., C.D., F.D., J.J.); andCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (D.T., S.P., C.D., F.D., J.J.)
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Snyder NW, Tombline G, Worth AJ, Parry RC, Silvers JA, Gillespie KP, Basu SS, Millen J, Goldfarb DS, Blair IA. Production of stable isotope-labeled acyl-coenzyme A thioesters by yeast stable isotope labeling by essential nutrients in cell culture. Anal Biochem 2015; 474:59-65. [PMID: 25572876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) thioesters are key metabolites in numerous anabolic and catabolic pathways, including fatty acid biosynthesis and β-oxidation, the Krebs cycle, and cholesterol and isoprenoid biosynthesis. Stable isotope dilution-based methodology is the "gold standard" for quantitative analyses by mass spectrometry. However, chemical synthesis of families of stable isotope-labeled metabolites such as acyl-CoA thioesters is impractical. Previously, we biosynthetically generated a library of stable isotope internal standard analogs of acyl-CoA thioesters by exploiting the essential requirement in mammals and insects for pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) as a metabolic precursor for the CoA backbone. By replacing pantothenic acid in the cell medium with commercially available [(13)C3(15)N1]-pantothenic acid, mammalian cells exclusively incorporated [(13)C3(15)N1]-pantothenate into the biosynthesis of acyl-CoA and acyl-CoA thioesters. We have now developed a much more efficient method for generating stable isotope-labeled CoA and acyl-CoAs from [(13)C3(15)N1]-pantothenate using stable isotope labeling by essential nutrients in cell culture (SILEC) in Pan6-deficient yeast cells. Efficiency and consistency of labeling were also increased, likely due to the stringently defined and reproducible conditions used for yeast culture. The yeast SILEC method greatly enhances the ease of use and accessibility of labeled CoA thioesters and also provides proof of concept for generating other labeled metabolites in yeast mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel W Snyder
- Penn SRP Center and Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gregory Tombline
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Andrew J Worth
- Penn SRP Center and Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert C Parry
- Penn SRP Center and Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jacob A Silvers
- Penn SRP Center and Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kevin P Gillespie
- Penn SRP Center and Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sankha S Basu
- Penn SRP Center and Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan Millen
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - David S Goldfarb
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Ian A Blair
- Penn SRP Center and Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Arabidopsis cytosolic acyl-CoA-binding proteins ACBP4, ACBP5 and ACBP6 have overlapping but distinct roles in seed development. Biosci Rep 2014; 34:e00165. [PMID: 25423293 PMCID: PMC4274664 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20140139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cytosolic ACBPs (acyl-CoA-binding proteins) bind acyl-CoA esters and maintain a cytosolic acyl-CoA pool, but the thermodynamics of their protein–lipid interactions and physiological relevance in plants are not well understood. Arabidopsis has three cytosolic ACBPs which have been identified as AtACBP4, AtACBP5 and AtACBP6, and microarray data indicated that all of them are expressed in seeds; AtACBP4 is expressed in early embryogenesis, whereas AtACBP5 is expressed later. ITC (isothermal titration calorimetry) in combination with transgenic Arabidopsis lines were used to investigate the roles of these three ACBPs from Arabidopsis thaliana. The dissociation constants, stoichiometry and enthalpy change of AtACBP interactions with various acyl-CoA esters were determined using ITC. Strong binding of recombinant (r) AtACBP6 with long-chain acyl-CoA (C16- to C18-CoA) esters was observed with dissociation constants in the nanomolar range. However, the affinity of rAtACBP4 and rAtACBP5 to these acyl-CoA esters was much weaker (dissociation constants in the micromolar range), suggesting that they interact with acyl-CoA esters differently from rAtACBP6. When transgenic Arabidopsis expressing AtACBP6pro::GUS was generated, strong GUS (β-glucuronidase) expression in cotyledonary-staged embryos and seedlings prompted us to measure the acyl-CoA contents of the acbp6 mutant. This mutant accumulated higher levels of C18:1-CoA and C18:1- and C18:2-CoAs in cotyledonary-staged embryos and seedlings, respectively, in comparison with the wild type. The acbp4acbp5acbp6 mutant showed the lightest seed weight and highest sensitivity to abscisic acid during germination, suggesting their physiological functions in seeds. The binding affinities of the three Arabidopsis cytosolic ACBPs (AtACBP4, AtACBP5 and AtACBP6) with acyl-CoA esters were investigated by ITC. When the biological significance of these AtACBPs was analysed using mutants, results indicated their overlapping functions in seed acyl-lipid metabolism.
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Purves RW, Ambrose SJ, Clark SM, Stout JM, Page JE. Separation of isomeric short-chain acyl-CoAs in plant matrices using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 980:1-7. [PMID: 25553535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Acyl coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) thioesters are important intermediates in cellular metabolism and being able to distinguish among them is critical to fully understanding metabolic pathways in plants. Although significant advances have been made in the identification and quantification of acyl-CoAs using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), separation of isomeric species such as isobutyryl- and n-butyrl-CoA has remained elusive. Here we report an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-MS/MS method for quantifying short-chain acyl-CoAs including isomeric species n-butyryl-CoA and isobutyryl-CoA as well as n-valeryl-CoA and isovaleryl-CoA. The method was applied to the analysis of extracts of hop (Humulus lupulus) and provided strong evidence for the existence of an additional structural isomer of valeryl-CoA, 2-methylbutyryl-CoA, as well as an unexpected isomer of hexanoyl-CoA. The results showed differences in the acyl-CoA composition among varieties of Humulus lupulus, both in glandular trichomes and cone tissues. When compared with the analysis of hemp (Cannabis sativa) extracts, the contribution of isobutyryl-CoAs in hop was greater as would be expected based on the downstream polyketide products. Surprisingly, branched chain valeryl-CoAs (isovaleryl-CoA and 2-methylbutyryl-CoA) were the dominant form of valeryl-CoAs in both hop and hemp. The capability to separate these isomeric forms will help to understand biochemical pathways leading to specialized metabolites in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy W Purves
- Plant Sciences Department, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5A8; National Research Council of Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 0W9.
| | - Stephen J Ambrose
- National Research Council of Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 0W9
| | - Shawn M Clark
- National Research Council of Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 0W9; Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5E2
| | - Jake M Stout
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - Jonathan E Page
- National Research Council of Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 0W9; Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5E2; Department of Botany, The University of British Columbia, #3529-6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
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Gao H, Feng XJ, Li ZM, Li M, Gao S, He YH, Wang JJ, Zeng SY, Liu XP, Huang XY, Chen SR, Liu PQ. Downregulation of adipose triglyceride lipase promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by triggering the accumulation of ceramides. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 565:76-88. [PMID: 25436917 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), the rate-limiting enzyme of triglyceride (TG) hydrolysis, plays an important role in TG metabolism. ATGL knockout mice suffer from TG accumulation and die from heart failure. However, the mechanisms underlying cardiac hypertrophy caused by ATGL dysfunction remain unknown. In this study, we found that ATGL expression declined in pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy in vivo and phenylephrine (PE)-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro. ATGL knockdown led to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, while ATGL overexpression prevented PE-induced hypertrophy. In addition, ATGL downregulation increased but ATGL overexpression reduced the contents of ceramide, which has been proved to be closely associated with cardiac hypertrophy. Moreover, the accumulation of ceramide was due to elevation of free fatty acids in ATGL-knockdown cardiomyocytes, which could be explained by the reduced activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α leading to imbalance of fatty acid uptake and oxidation. These observations suggest that downregulation of ATGL causes the decreased PPARα activity which results in the imbalance of FA uptake and oxidation, elevating intracellular FFA contents to promote the accumulation of ceramides, and finally inducing cardiac hypertrophy. Upregulation of ATGL could be a strategy for ameliorating lipotoxic damage in cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, PR China
| | - Xiao-jun Feng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhuo-ming Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Si Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yan-hong He
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiao-jiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Si-yu Zeng
- Pharmaceutical Department, The Second's People Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xue-ping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiao-yang Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shao-rui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Pei-qing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Hsiao AS, Haslam RP, Michaelson LV, Liao P, Napier JA, Chye ML. Gene expression in plant lipid metabolism in Arabidopsis seedlings. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107372. [PMID: 25264899 PMCID: PMC4180049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Events in plant lipid metabolism are important during seedling establishment. As it has not been experimentally verified whether lipid metabolism in 2- and 5-day-old Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings is diurnally-controlled, quantitative real-time PCR analysis was used to investigate the expression of target genes in acyl-lipid transfer, β-oxidation and triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis and hydrolysis in wild-type Arabidopsis WS and Col-0. In both WS and Col-0, ACYL-COA-BINDING PROTEIN3 (ACBP3), DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE1 (DGAT1) and DGAT3 showed diurnal control in 2- and 5-day-old seedlings. Also, COMATOSE (CTS) was diurnally regulated in 2-day-old seedlings and LONG-CHAIN ACYL-COA SYNTHETASE6 (LACS6) in 5-day-old seedlings in both WS and Col-0. Subsequently, the effect of CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1 (CCA1) and LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY) from the core clock system was examined using the cca1lhy mutant and CCA1-overexpressing (CCA1-OX) lines versus wild-type WS and Col-0, respectively. Results revealed differential gene expression in lipid metabolism between 2- and 5-day-old mutant and wild-type WS seedlings, as well as between CCA1-OX and wild-type Col-0. Of the ACBPs, ACBP3 displayed the most significant changes between cca1lhy and WS and between CCA1-OX and Col-0, consistent with previous reports that ACBP3 is greatly affected by light/dark cycling. Evidence of oil body retention in 4- and 5-day-old seedlings of the cca1lhy mutant in comparison to WS indicated the effect of cca1lhy on storage lipid reserve mobilization. Lipid profiling revealed differences in primary lipid metabolism, namely in TAG, fatty acid methyl ester and acyl-CoA contents amongst cca1lhy, CCA1-OX, and wild-type seedlings. Taken together, this study demonstrates that lipid metabolism is subject to diurnal regulation in the early stages of seedling development in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Shan Hsiao
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Richard P. Haslam
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Louise V. Michaelson
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Pan Liao
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Johnathan A. Napier
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Mee-Len Chye
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
- * E-mail:
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Snyder NW, Basu SS, Zhou Z, Worth AJ, Blair IA. Stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of cellular and tissue medium- and long-chain acyl-coenzyme A thioesters. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:1840-1848. [PMID: 25559454 PMCID: PMC4286313 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Acyl-Coenzyme A (CoA) thioesters are the principal form of activated carboxylates in cells and tissues. They are employed as acyl carriers that facilitate the transfer of acyl groups to lipids and proteins. Quantification of medium- and long-chain acyl-CoAs represents a significant bioanalytical challenge because of their instability. METHODS Stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography/selected reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (LC/SRM-MS) provides the most specific and sensitive method for the analysis of CoA species. However, relevant heavy isotope standards are not available and they are challenging to prepare by chemical synthesis. Stable isotope labeling by essential nutrients in cell culture (SILEC), developed originally for the preparation of stable isotope labeled short-chain acyl-CoA thioester standards, has now been extended to medium-chain and long-chain acyl-CoAs and used for LC/SRM-MS analyses. RESULTS Customized SILEC standards with >98% isotopic purity were prepared using mouse Hepa 1c1c7 cells cultured in pantothenic-free media fortified with [(13) C3 (15) N1 ]-pantothenic acid and selected fatty acids. A SILEC standard in combination with LC/SRM-MS was employed to quantify cellular concentrations of arachidonoyl-CoA (a representative long-chain acyl-CoA) in two human colon cancer cell lines. A panel of SILEC standards was also employed in combination LC/SRM-MS to quantify medium- and long-chain acyl-CoAs in mouse liver. CONCLUSIONS This new SILEC-based method in combination with LC/SRM-MS will make it possible to rigorously quantify medium- and long-chain acyl-CoAs in cells and tissues. The method will facilitate studies of medium- and long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies as well as studies on the role of medium- and long-chain acyl-CoAs in cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ian A. Blair
- Correspondence to Ian A. Blair, PhD, Center for Cancer Pharmacology, 854 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Blvd, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104-6160, USA. Phone: 215-573-9880, Fax: 215-573-9889,
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Human platelets as a platform to monitor metabolic biomarkers using stable isotopes and LC-MS. Bioanalysis 2014; 5:3009-21. [PMID: 24320127 DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracellular metabolites such as CoA thioesters are modulated in a number of clinical settings. Their accurate measurement from surrogate tissues such as platelets may provide additional information to current serum and urinary biomarkers. METHODS Freshly isolated platelets from healthy volunteers were treated with rotenone, propionate or isotopically labeled metabolic tracers. Using a recently developed LC-MS-based methodology, absolute changes in short-chain acyl-CoA thioesters were monitored, as well as relative metabolic labeling using isotopomer distribution analysis. RESULTS Consistent with in vitro experiments, isolated platelets treated with rotenone showed decreased intracellular succinyl-CoA and increased β-hydroxybutyryl-CoA, while propionate treatment resulted in increased propionyl-CoA. In addition, isotopomers of the CoAs were readily detected in platelets treated with the [(13)C]- or [(13)C(15)N]-labeled metabolic precursors. CONCLUSION Here, we show that human platelets can provide a powerful ex vivo challenge platform with potential clinical diagnostic and biomarker discovery applications.
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Klaus C, Kaemmerer E, Reinartz A, Schneider U, Plum P, Jeon MK, Hose J, Hartmann F, Schnölzer M, Wagner N, Kopitz J, Gassler N. TP53 status regulates ACSL5-induced expression of mitochondrial mortalin in enterocytes and colorectal adenocarcinomas. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 357:267-78. [PMID: 24770931 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1826-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Acyl-CoA synthetase 5 (ACSL5), a mitochondrially localized enzyme, catalyzes the synthesis of long-chain fatty acid thioesters and is physiologically involved in pro-apoptotic sensing of enterocytes. The aim of the present study is to identify an ACSL5-dependent regulation of mitochondrially expressed proteins and the characterization of related pathways in normal and diseased human intestinal mucosa. Proteomics of isolated mitochondria from ACSL5 transfectants and CaCo2 controls were performed. ACSL5-dependent protein synthesis was verified with quantitative reverse transcription plus the polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, short-interfering-RNA-mediated gene silencing and additional cell culture experiments. Lipid changes were analyzed with tandem mass spectrometry. ACSL5-related pathways were characterized in normal mucosa and sporadic adenocarcinomas of the human intestine. In CaCo2 cells transfected with ACSL5, mortalin (HSPA9) was about two-fold increased in mitochondria, whereas cytoplasmic mortalin levels were unchanged. Disturbance of acyl-CoA/sphingolipid metabolism, induced by ACSL5 over-expression, was characterized as crucial. ACSL5-related over-expression of mitochondrial mortalin was found in HEK293 and Lovo (wild-type TP53 [tumor protein p53]) and CaCo2 (p53-negative; TP53 mutated) cells but not in Colo320DM cells (mutated TP53). In normal human intestinal mucosa, an increasing gradient of both ACSL5 and mortalin from bottom to top was observed, whereas p53 (wild-type TP53) decreased. In sporadic intestinal adenocarcinomas with strong p53 immunostaining (mutated TP53), ACSL5-related mortalin expression was heterogeneous. ACSL5-induced mitochondrial mortalin expression is assumed to be a stress response to ACSL5-related changes in lipid metabolism and is regulated by the TP53 status. Uncoupling of ACSL5 and mitochondrial mortalin by mutated TP53 could be important in colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Klaus
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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The utilization of the acyl-CoA and the involvement PDAT and DGAT in the biosynthesis of erucic acid-rich triacylglycerols in Crambe seed oil. Lipids 2014; 49:327-33. [PMID: 24578031 PMCID: PMC3964307 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-014-3886-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The triacylglycerol of Crambe abyssinica seeds consist of 95 % very long chain (>18 carbon) fatty acids (86 % erucic acid; 22:1∆13) in the sn-1 and sn-3 positions. This would suggest that C. abyssinica triacylglycerols are not formed by the action of the phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT), but are rather the results of acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) activity. However, measurements of PDAT and DGAT activities in microsomal membranes showed that C. abyssinica has significant PDAT activity, corresponding to about 10 % of the DGAT activity during periods of rapid seed oil accumulation. The specific activity of DGAT for erucoyl-CoA had doubled at 19 days after flowering compared to earlier developmental stages, and was, at that stage, the preferred acyl donor, whereas the activities for 16:0-CoA and 18:1-CoA remained constant. This indicates that an expression of an isoform of DGAT with high specificity for erucoyl-CoA is induced at the onset of rapid erucic acid and oil accumulation in the C. abyssinica seeds. Analysis of the composition of the acyl-CoA pool during different stages of seed development showed that the percentage of erucoyl groups in acyl-CoA was much higher than in complex lipids at all stages of seed development except in the desiccation phase. These results are in accordance with published results showing that the rate limiting step in erucic acid accumulation in C. abyssinica oil is the utilization of erucoyl-CoA by the acyltransferases in the glycerol-3-phosphate pathway.
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