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Fu M, He R, Zhang Z, Ma F, Shen L, Zhang Y, Duan M, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhu L, He J. Multinomial machine learning identifies independent biomarkers by integrated metabolic analysis of acute coronary syndrome. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20535. [PMID: 37996510 PMCID: PMC10667512 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47783-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A multi-class classification model for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains to be constructed based on multi-fluid metabolomics. Major confounders may exert spurious effects on the relationship between metabolism and ACS. The study aims to identify an independent biomarker panel for the multiclassification of HC, UA, and AMI by integrating serum and urinary metabolomics. We performed a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based metabolomics study on 300 serum and urine samples from 44 patients with unstable angina (UA), 77 with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and 29 healthy controls (HC). Multinomial machine learning approaches, including multinomial adaptive least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and random forest (RF), and assessment of the confounders were applied to integrate a multi-class classification biomarker panel for HC, UA and AMI. Different metabolic landscapes were portrayed during the transition from HC to UA and then to AMI. Glycerophospholipid metabolism and arginine biosynthesis were predominant during the progression from HC to UA and then to AMI. The multiclass metabolic diagnostic model (MDM) dependent on ACS, including 2-ketobutyric acid, LysoPC(18:2(9Z,12Z)), argininosuccinic acid, and cyclic GMP, demarcated HC, UA, and AMI, providing a C-index of 0.84 (HC vs. UA), 0.98 (HC vs. AMI), and 0.89 (UA vs. AMI). The diagnostic value of MDM largely derives from the contribution of 2-ketobutyric acid, and LysoPC(18:2(9Z,12Z)) in serum. Higher 2-ketobutyric acid and cyclic GMP levels were positively correlated with ACS risk and atherosclerosis plaque burden, while LysoPC(18:2(9Z,12Z)) and argininosuccinic acid showed the reverse relationship. An independent multiclass biomarker panel for HC, UA, and AMI was constructed using the multinomial machine learning methods based on serum and urinary metabolite signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijiao Fu
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Ruhua He
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Zhihan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, 723200, Shanxi, China
| | - Fuqing Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Ningxia, Shizuishan, 753000, Ningxia, China
| | - Libo Shen
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Mingyu Duan
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yameng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Radiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Radiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Jun He
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
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Moon B, Yang S, Moon H, Lee J, Park D. After cell death: the molecular machinery of efferocytosis. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1644-1651. [PMID: 37612408 PMCID: PMC10474042 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells constituting a multicellular organism die in a variety of ways throughout life, and most of them die via apoptosis under normal conditions. The occurrence of apoptosis is especially prevalent during development and in tissues with a high cellular turnover rate, such as the thymus and bone marrow. Interestingly, although the number of apoptotic cells produced daily is known to be innumerable in a healthy adult human body, apoptotic cells are rarely observed. This absence is due to the existence of a cellular process called efferocytosis that efficiently clears apoptotic cells. Studies over the past decades have focused on how phagocytes are able to remove apoptotic cells specifically, swiftly, and continuously, resulting in defined molecular and cellular events. In this review, we will discuss the current understanding of the clearance of apoptotic cells at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeongjin Moon
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
- Cell Mechanobiology Laboratory, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Susumin Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
- Cell Mechanobiology Laboratory, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Hyunji Moon
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
- Cell Mechanobiology Laboratory, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Juyeon Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
- Cell Mechanobiology Laboratory, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Daeho Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
- Cell Mechanobiology Laboratory, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
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Wang Y, Chang C, Tian S, Wang J, Gai X, Zhou Q, Chen Y, Gao X, Sun Y, Liang Y. Differences in the lipid metabolism profile and clinical characteristics between eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1204985. [PMID: 37503537 PMCID: PMC10369057 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1204985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate the differences in serum lipid metabolite profiles and their relationship with clinical characteristics between patients with eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic AECOPD. Methods: A total of 71 AECOPD patients were enrolled. Eosinophilic AECOPD was defined as blood EOS% ≥ 2% (n = 23), while non-eosinophilic AECOPD, as blood EOS< 2% (n = 48). Clinical data were collected, and serum lipid metabolism profiles were detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The XCMS software package was used to pre-process the raw data, and then, lipid metabolite identification was achieved through a spectral match using LipidBlast library. Differences in lipid profiles and clinical features between eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic groups were analyzed by generalized linear regression. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was applied to screen the most characteristic lipid markers for the eosinophilic phenotype. Results: Eosinophilic AECOPD patients had less hypercapnic respiratory failures, less ICU admissions, a shorter length of stay in the hospital, and a lower fibrinogen level. In the lipid metabolism profiles, 32 significantly different lipid metabolites were screened through a t-test adjusted by using FDR (FDR-adjusted p < 0.05 and VIP> 1). Nine differential lipid metabolites were found to be associated with the three clinical features, namely, hypercapnia respiratory failure, ICU admission, and fibrinogen in further integration analysis. The species of triacylglycerol (TAG), phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and diacylglyceryl trimethylhomoserine (DGTS) were high in these eosinophilic AECOPD. The LASSO was applied, and three lipid metabolites were retained, namely, LPC (16:0), TAG (17:0/17:2/17:2), and LPC (20:2). The logistic regression model was fitted using these three markers, and the area under the ROC curve of the model was 0.834 (95% CI: 0.740-0.929). Conclusion: Patients with eosinophilic AECOPD had a unique lipid metabolism status. Species of TAGs and LPCs were significantly increased in this phenotype and were associated with better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Chang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Sifan Tian
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qiqiang Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yahong Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongchang Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Enzymatic synthesis of mono- and disubstituted phospholipids by direct condensation of oleic acid and glycerophosphocholine with immobilized lipases and phospholipase. Food Chem 2022; 401:134109. [PMID: 36115228 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lysophospholipids which contain polyunsaturated fatty acids play a key role in food and cosmetic industries because of their bioactivity. Therefore, the formation of mono- and disubstituted phospholipids is quite interesting as they could be used for the formation of different natural liposomes. Using immobilized derivatives of lipases and phospholipases, the esterification of oleic acid with glycerophosphocholine (GPC) has been studied. Thus, derivatives were quite active in completely anhydrous media and in solvent-free reaction systems where the reaction takes place. CALB biocatalyst was able to successfully form oleoyl-LPC at 60 °C in the presence of 30 % butanone, where the synthesis rate was 100 times higher than in the absence of solvents at 40 °C. On the other hand, the best synthesis rate for dioleoyl-PC was achieved with immobilized Lecitase in a solvent-free process at 60 °C, an 83 % synthesis yield was achieved with an initial synthesis rate of 4.32 mg/mL × h × g.
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Untargeted lipidomics reveals the antifungal mechanism of essential oils nanoemulsion against Penicillium digitatum. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Chen G, Guo L, Zhao X, Ren Y, Chen H, Liu J, Jiang J, Liu P, Liu X, Hu B, Wang N, Peng H, Xu G, Tao H. Serum Metabonomics Reveals Risk Factors in Different Periods of Cerebral Infarction in Humans. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:784288. [PMID: 35242810 PMCID: PMC8887861 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.784288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of key metabolite variations and their biological mechanisms in cerebral infarction (CI) have increased our understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease. However, how metabolite variations in different periods of CI influence these biological processes and whether key metabolites from different periods may better predict disease progression are still unknown. We performed a systematic investigation using the metabonomics method. Various metabolites in different pathways were investigated by serum metabolic profiling of 143 patients diagnosed with CI and 59 healthy controls. Phe-Phe, carnitine C18:1, palmitic acid, cis-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid, palmitoleic acid, 1-linoleoyl-rac-glycerol, MAG 18:1, MAG 20:3, phosphoric acid, 5α-dihydrotestosterone, Ca, K, and GGT were the major components in the early period of CI. GCDCA, glycocholate, PC 36:5, LPC 18:2, and PA showed obvious changes in the intermediate time. In contrast, trans-vaccenic acid, linolenic acid, linoleic acid, all-cis-4,7,10,13,16-docosapentaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, DHA, FFA 18:1, FFA 18:2, FFA 18:3, FFA 20:4, FFA 22:6, PC 34:1, PC 36:3, PC 38:4, ALP, and Crea displayed changes in the later time. More importantly, we found that phenylalanine metabolism, medium-chain acylcarnitines, long-chain acylcarnitines, choline, DHEA, LPC 18:0, LPC 18:1, FFA 18:0, FFA 22:4, TG, ALB, IDBIL, and DBIL played vital roles in the development of different periods of CI. Increased phenylacetyl-L-glutamine was detected and may be a biomarker for CI. It was of great significance that we identified key metabolic pathways and risk metabolites in different periods of CI different from those previously reported. Specific data are detailed in the Conclusion section. In addition, we also explored metabolite differences of CI patients complicated with high blood glucose compared with healthy controls. Further work in this area may inform personalized treatment approaches in clinical practice for CI by experimentally elucidating the pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyou Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Anesthesia, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xinjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yachao Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Hongyang Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Jincheng Liu
- Academic Affairs Office, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Jiaqi Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Peijia Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Bo Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Na Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Haisheng Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Guowang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Haiquan Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Cerebrovascular Diseases Department, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
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Kleetz J, Vasilopoulos G, Czolkoss S, Aktas M, Narberhaus F. Recombinant and endogenous ways to produce methylated phospholipids in Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:8837-8851. [PMID: 34709431 PMCID: PMC8590670 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11654-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is the daily workhorse in molecular biology research labs and an important platform microorganism in white biotechnology. Its cytoplasmic membrane is primarily composed of the phospholipids phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and cardiolipin (CL). As in most other bacteria, the typical eukaryotic phosphatidylcholine (PC) is not a regular component of the E. coli membrane. PC is known to act as a substrate in various metabolic or catabolic reactions, to affect protein folding and membrane insertion, and to activate proteins that originate from eukaryotic environments. Options to manipulate the E. coli membrane to include non-native lipids such as PC might make it an even more powerful and versatile tool for biotechnology and protein biochemistry. This article outlines different strategies how E. coli can be engineered to produce PC and other methylated PE derivatives. Several of these approaches rely on the ectopic expression of genes from natural PC-producing organisms. These include PC synthases, lysolipid acyltransferases, and several phospholipid N-methyltransferases with diverse substrate and product preferences. In addition, we show that E. coli has the capacity to produce PC by its own enzyme repertoire provided that appropriate precursors are supplied. Screening of the E. coli Keio knockout collection revealed the lysophospholipid transporter LplT to be responsible for the uptake of lyso-PC, which is then further acylated to PC by the acyltransferase-acyl carrier protein synthetase Aas. Overall, our study shows that the membrane composition of the most routinely used model bacterium can readily be tailored on demand.Key points• Escherichia coli can be engineered to produce non-native methylated PE derivatives.• These lipids can be produced by foreign and endogenous proteins.• Modification of E. coli membrane offers potential for biotechnology and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kleetz
- Microbial Biology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Georgios Vasilopoulos
- Microbial Biology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Simon Czolkoss
- Microbial Biology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Meriyem Aktas
- Microbial Biology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Franz Narberhaus
- Microbial Biology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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Putta P, Smith AH, Chaudhuri P, Guardia-Wolff R, Rosenbaum MA, Graham LM. Activation of the cytosolic calcium-independent phospholipase A 2 β isoform contributes to TRPC6 externalization via release of arachidonic acid. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101180. [PMID: 34509476 PMCID: PMC8498464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During vascular interventions, oxidized low-density lipoprotein and lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) accumulate at the site of arterial injury, inhibiting endothelial cell (EC) migration and arterial healing. LysoPC activates canonical transient receptor potential 6 (TRPC6) channels, leading to a prolonged increase in intracellular calcium ion concentration that inhibits EC migration. However, an initial increase in intracellular calcium ion concentration is required to activate TRPC6, and this mechanism remains elusive. We hypothesized that lysoPC activates the lipid-cleaving enzyme phospholipase A2 (PLA2), which releases arachidonic acid (AA) from the cellular membrane to open arachidonate-regulated calcium channels, allowing calcium influx that promotes externalization and activation of TRPC6 channels. The focus of this study was to identify the roles of calcium-dependent and/or calcium-independent PLA2 in lysoPC-induced TRPC6 externalization. We show that lysoPC induced PLA2 enzymatic activity and caused AA release in bovine aortic ECs. To identify the specific subgroup and the isoform(s) of PLA2 involved in lysoPC-induced TRPC6 activation, transient knockdown studies were performed in the human endothelial cell line EA.hy926 using siRNA to inhibit the expression of genes encoding cPLA2α, cPLA2γ, iPLA2β, or iPLA2γ. Downregulation of the β isoform of iPLA2 blocked lysoPC-induced release of AA from EC membranes and TRPC6 externalization, as well as preserved EC migration in the presence of lysoPC. We propose that blocking TRPC6 activation and promoting endothelial healing could improve the outcomes for patients undergoing cardiovascular interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Putta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
| | - Andrew H Smith
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Pinaki Chaudhuri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rocio Guardia-Wolff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael A Rosenbaum
- Surgical Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Linda M Graham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Vascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Gai X, Guo C, Zhang L, Zhang L, Abulikemu M, Wang J, Zhou Q, Chen Y, Sun Y, Chang C. Serum Glycerophospholipid Profile in Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Physiol 2021; 12:646010. [PMID: 33658945 PMCID: PMC7917046 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.646010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that glycerophospholipids are involved in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study adopted targeted metabolomic analysis to investigate the changes in serum glycerophospholipids in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and their differential expression in patients with different inflammatory subtypes. Patients with AECOPD admitted between January 2015 and December 2017 were enrolled, and their clinical data were collected. The patients' gender, age, body mass index, and lung function were recorded. Routine blood and induced sputum tests were performed. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect the serum glycerophospholipid metabolic profiles and to analyze the metabolic profile changes between the acute exacerbation and recovery stages as well as the differences between different inflammatory subtypes. A total of 58 patients were hospitalized for AECOPD, including 49 male patients with a mean age of 74.8 ± 10.0 years. In the metabolic profiles, the expression of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) 18:3, lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) 16:1, and phosphatidylinositol (PI) 32:1 was significantly reduced in the acute exacerbation stage compared to the recovery stage (P < 0.05). The three glycerophospholipids were used to plot the receiver operating characteristic curves to predict the acute exacerbation/recovery stage, and the areas under the curves were all above 70%. There were no differential metabolites between the two groups of patients with blood eosinophil percentage (EOS%) ≥2% and <2% at exacerbation. The expression of LPC 18:3, LPE 16:1, and PI 32:1 was significantly reduced in the acute exacerbation stage compared to the recovery stage in the inflammatory subtype with blood EOS <2% (P < 0.05). Abnormalities in the metabolism of glycerophospholipids may be involved in the onset of AECOPD, especially in the non-eosinophilic subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Gai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglin Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lijiao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mairipaiti Abulikemu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qingtao Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yahong Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongchang Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Chang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Xia F, Liu C, Wan JB. Characterization of the cold and hot natures of raw and processed Rehmanniae Radix by integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 74:153071. [PMID: 31537418 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The processing of Chinese materia medica (CMM) is one of the characteristics and advantages of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Occasionally, the processing of CMM might reverse the cold/hot nature of CMM. For example, the nature of raw Rehmanniae Radix (RR) is cool, while the processed Rehmanniae Radix (PR) by steaming is hot. Because the cold/hot nature of CMM is defined by the body's response to CMMs, a metabolomics approach, allowing the monitoring of the fluctuation of endogenous metabolites related to an exogenous stimulus, might be an ideal tool to uncover the cold/hot nature of different forms of Rehmanniae Radix. PURPOSE An integrated strategy combining metabolomics and network pharmacology was applied to illuminate the different natures of raw and processed Rehmanniae Radix. STUDY DESIGN Mice were orally administered RR and PR once daily for ten days. The entire metabolic changes in the plasma of mice were profiled by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-TOF MS). Furthermore, network pharmacology analysis was performed to identify the underlying targets related to iridoids that significantly changed during the processing. RESULTS The metabolomics analysis results demonstrated a clear separation of the metabolic phenotypes among the control, RR and two PR groups in both the positive and negative modes. Nine lysophosphatidylcholines (LysoPCs), LysoPC (16:0), LysoPC (18:2), LysoPC (18:1), LysoPC (22:6), LysoPC (20:2), LysoPC (18:0), LysoPC (16:1), LysoPC (20:4) and LysoPC (20:5), that decreased in the RR-treated group, but increased in the PR-treated group, were identified to be potential biomarkers related to the natures of RR and PR. The network pharmacology results indicated that four iridoids in Rehmanniae Radix, 8-epiloganic acid, 6-O-p-coumaroyl ajugol, 6-O-p-hydroxybenzoyl ajugol and ajugol, might play important roles in the different natures of raw and processed Rehmanniae Radix. CONCLUSIONS There might be a strong connection between the cold/hot nature of different forms of Rehmanniae Radix and LysoPC metabolism. This study offers new insight into the cold/hot nature of Rehmanniae Radix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangbo Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Conghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China; College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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11
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Knuplez E, Marsche G. An Updated Review of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Plasma Lysophosphatidylcholines in the Vascular System. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4501. [PMID: 32599910 PMCID: PMC7350010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylcholines are a group of bioactive lipids heavily investigated in the context of inflammation and atherosclerosis development. While present in plasma during physiological conditions, their concentration can drastically increase in certain inflammatory states. Lysophosphatidylcholines are widely regarded as potent pro-inflammatory and deleterious mediators, but an increasing number of more recent studies show multiple beneficial properties under various pathological conditions. Many of the discrepancies in the published studies are due to the investigation of different species or mixtures of lysophatidylcholines and the use of supra-physiological concentrations in the absence of serum or other carrier proteins. Furthermore, interpretation of the results is complicated by the rapid metabolism of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) in cells and tissues to pro-inflammatory lysophosphatidic acid. Interestingly, most of the recent studies, in contrast to older studies, found lower LPC plasma levels associated with unfavorable disease outcomes. Being the most abundant lysophospholipid in plasma, it is of utmost importance to understand its physiological functions and shed light on the discordant literature connected to its research. LPCs should be recognized as important homeostatic mediators involved in all stages of vascular inflammation. In this review, we want to point out potential pro- and anti-inflammatory activities of lysophospholipids in the vascular system and highlight recent discoveries about the effect of lysophosphatidylcholines on immune cells at the endothelial vascular interface. We will also look at their potential clinical application as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Knuplez
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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12
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Liu P, Zhu W, Chen C, Yan B, Zhu L, Chen X, Peng C. The mechanisms of lysophosphatidylcholine in the development of diseases. Life Sci 2020; 247:117443. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Gonzalez-Freire M, Moaddel R, Sun K, Fabbri E, Zhang P, Khadeer M, Salem N, Ferrucci L, Semba RD. Targeted Metabolomics Shows Low Plasma Lysophosphatidylcholine 18:2 Predicts Greater Decline of Gait Speed in Older Adults: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 74:62-67. [PMID: 29788121 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gait speed is an important measure of lower extremity physical performance in older adults and is predictive of disability and mortality. The biological pathways involved in the decline of lower extremity physical performance are not well understood. We used a targeted metabolomics approach to identify plasma metabolites predictive of change in gait speed over time. Methods Gait speed was measured at baseline and over median follow-up of 50.5 months in 504 adults, aged ≥50 years, who had two or more study visits in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). Plasma metabolites were measured using targeted mass spectrometry (AbsoluteIDQ p180 Kit, Biocrates). Results Of 148 plasma metabolites (amino acids, biogenic amines, hexoses, glycerophospholipids) measured, eight were significantly associated with gait speed at baseline, independent of age and sex: hexoses (r = -0.148, p < .001), [sphingomyelin (SM) 16:1 (r = -0.091, p = .0009), SM 18:0 (r = -0.085, p = .002), SM 18:1 (r = -0.128, p < .0001], phosphatidylcholine aa 32:3 (r = -0.088, p = .001), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) 17:0 (r = 0.083, p = .003), LPC 18:1 (r = 0.089, p = .001), and LPC 18:2 (r = 0.104, p < .0001). Adjusting for baseline age, sex, and chronic diseases, baseline plasma LPC 18:2 was an independent predictor of the rate of change of gait speed over subsequent follow-up (p = .003). No other plasma metabolites were significantly associated longitudinal changes of gait speed over time. Conclusions Low plasma LPC 18:2, which has previously been shown to predict impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, and memory impairment, is an independent predictor of decline in gait speed in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gonzalez-Freire
- Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ruin Moaddel
- Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kai Sun
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elisa Fabbri
- Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pingbo Zhang
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mohammed Khadeer
- Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Richard D Semba
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Voices from the dead: The complex vocabulary and intricate grammar of dead cells. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2019; 116:1-90. [PMID: 31036289 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Of the roughly one million cells per second dying throughout the body, the vast majority dies by apoptosis, the predominant form of regulated cell death in higher organisms. Long regarded as mere waste, apoptotic cells are now recognized as playing a prominent and active role in homeostatic maintenance, especially resolution of inflammation, and in the sculpting of tissues during development. The activities associated with apoptotic cells are continually expanding, with more recent studies demonstrating their ability to modulate such vital functions as proliferation, survival, differentiation, metabolism, migration, and angiogenesis. In each case, the role of apoptotic cells is active, exerting their effects via new activities acquired during the apoptotic program. Moreover, the capacity to recognize and respond to apoptotic cells is not limited to professional phagocytes. Most, if not all, cells receive and integrate an array of signals from cells dying in their vicinity. These signals comprise a form of biochemical communication. As reviewed in this chapter, this communication is remarkably sophisticated; each of its three critical steps-encoding, transmission, and decoding of the apoptotic cell's "message"-is endowed with exquisite robustness. Together, the abundance and intricacy of the variables at each step comprise the vocabulary and grammar of the language by which dead cells achieve their post-mortem voice. The combinatorial complexity of the resulting communication network permits dying cells, through the signals they emit and the responses those signals elicit, to partake of an expanded role in homeostasis, acting as both sentinels of environmental change and agents of adaptation.
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15
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Lin Y, Deepak RNVK, Zheng JZ, Fan H, Zheng L. A dual substrate-accessing mechanism of a major facilitator superfamily protein facilitates lysophospholipid flipping across the cell membrane. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:19919-19931. [PMID: 30373772 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophospholipid transporter (LplT) is a member of the major facilitator superfamily present in many Gram-negative bacteria. LplT catalyzes flipping of lysophospholipids (LPLs) across the bacterial inner membrane, playing an important role in bacterial membrane homeostasis. We previously reported that LplT promotes both uptake of exogenous LPLs and intramembranous LPL flipping across the bilayer. To gain mechanistic insight into this dual LPL-flipping activity, here we implemented a combination of computational approaches and LPL transport analyses to study LPL binding of and translocation by LplT. Our results suggest that LplT translocates LPLs through an elongated cavity exhibiting an extremely asymmetric polarity. We found that two D(E)N motifs form a head group-binding site, in which the carboxylate group of Asp-30 is important for LPL head group recognition. Substitutions of residues in the head group-binding site disrupted both LPL uptake and flipping activities. However, alteration of hydrophobic residues on the interface between the N- and C-terminal domains impaired LPL flipping specifically, resulting in LPLs accumulation in the membrane, but LPL uptake remained active. These results suggest a dual substrate-accessing mechanism, in which LplT recruits LPLs to its substrate-binding site via two routes, either from its extracellular entry or through a membrane-embedded groove between transmembrane helices, and then moves them toward the inner membrane leaflet. This LPL-flipping mechanism is likely conserved in many bacterial species, and our findings illustrate how LplT adjusts the major facilitator superfamily translocation pathway to perform its versatile lipid homeostatic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Lin
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Membrane Biology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston Texas 77030
| | - R N V Krishna Deepak
- the Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138671 Singapore, and
| | - Jonathan Zixiang Zheng
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Membrane Biology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston Texas 77030
| | - Hao Fan
- the Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138671 Singapore, and .,the Department of Biological Sciences (DBS), National University of Singapore, 117558 Singapore, and Center for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, 169857 Singapore
| | - Lei Zheng
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Membrane Biology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston Texas 77030,
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Yang H, Suh DH, Kim DH, Jung ES, Liu KH, Lee CH, Park CY. Metabolomic and lipidomic analysis of the effect of pioglitazone on hepatic steatosis in a rat model of obese Type 2 diabetes. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:3610-3625. [PMID: 29968381 PMCID: PMC6086983 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Thiazolidinediones, acting as PPAR-γ ligands, reduce hepatic steatosis in humans and animals. However, the underlying mechanism of this action remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in hepatic metabolites and lipids in response to treatment with the thiazolidinedione pioglitazone in an animal model of obese Type 2 diabetes. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats were orally administered either vehicle (control) or pioglitazone (30 mg·kg-1 ) and fed a high-fat diet (60% kcal fat) for 12 weeks. Hepatic metabolites were analysed via metabolomic and lipidomic analyses. Gene expression and PLA2 activity were analysed in livers from pioglitazone-treated and control rats. KEY RESULTS OLETF rats that received pioglitazone showed decreased fat accumulation and improvement of lipid profiles in the liver compared to control rats. Pioglitazone treatment significantly altered levels of hepatic metabolites, including free fatty acids, lysophosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylcholines, in the liver. In addition, pioglitazone significantly reduced the expression of genes involved in hepatic de novo lipogenesis and fatty acid uptake and transport, whereas genes related to fatty acid oxidation were up-regulated. Gene expression and enzyme activity of PLA2 , which hydrolyzes phosphatidylcholines to release lysophosphatidylcholines and free fatty acids, were significantly decreased in the livers of pioglitazone-treated rats compared to control rats. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results present evidence for the ameliorative effect of pioglitazone on hepatic steatosis, largely due to the regulation of lipid metabolism, including fatty acids, lysophosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylcholines and related gene-expression patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyekyung Yang
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Ho Suh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae Hee Kim
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Sung Jung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Choong Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheol-Young Park
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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17
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2- OMe -lysophosphatidylcholine analogues are GPR119 ligands and activate insulin secretion from βTC-3 pancreatic cells: Evaluation of structure-dependent biological activity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:91-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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18
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Innate immunity and metabolomic responses in dairy cows challenged intramammarily with lipopolysaccharide after subacute ruminal acidosis. Animal 2018; 12:2551-2560. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731118000411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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19
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Riederer M, Lechleitner M, Köfeler H, Frank S. Reduced expression of adipose triglyceride lipase decreases arachidonic acid release and prostacyclin secretion in human aortic endothelial cells. Arch Physiol Biochem 2017; 123:249-253. [PMID: 28368219 PMCID: PMC5942144 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1309052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial cells represent an important source of arachidonic acid (AA)-derived mediators involved in the generation of anti- or proatherogenic environments. Evidence emerged (in mast cells), that in addition to phospholipases, neutral lipid hydrolases as adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) also participate in this process. OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of ATGL on AA-release from cellular phospholipids (PL) and on prostacyclin secretion in human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC). METHODS AND RESULTS siRNA-mediated silencing of ATGL promoted lipid droplet formation and TG accumulation in HAEC (nile red stain). ATGL knockdown decreased the basal and A23187 (calcium ionophore)-induced release of 14C-AA from (14C-AA-labeled) HAEC. In A23187-stimulated ATGL silenced cells, this was accompanied by a decreased content of 14C-AA in cellular PL and a decreased secretion of prostacyclin (determined by 6-keto PGF1α EIA). CONCLUSIONS In vascular endothelial cells, the efficiency of stimulus-induced AA release and prostacyclin secretion is dependent on ATGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Riederer
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria
- CONTACT Monika Riederer
| | - Margarete Lechleitner
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Köfeler
- Center for Medical Research, Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Saša Frank
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Graz, Austria
- Saša FrankInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University Graz, Harrachgasse 21/III, 8010Graz, Austria
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Mnasri T, Ergan F, Herault J, Pencreac'h G. Lipase-catalyzed Synthesis of Oleoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine by Direct Esterification in Solvent-free Medium without Water Removal. J Oleo Sci 2017; 66:1009-1016. [PMID: 28794312 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess17046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the synthesis of oleoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine by lipase-catalyzed esterification of glycerophosphocholine (GPC) and free oleic acid in a reaction medium without solvent is presented. The complete solubilisation of GPC, which is a crucial issue in non-polar liquids such as melted free fatty acids, was reached by heating the GPC/oleic acid mixture at high temperature during a short time. The immobilized lipase from Rhizomucor miehei (Lipozyme RM-IM) was shown to catalyze the reaction more efficiently than the immobilized lipases from Thermomyces lanuginosus (Lipozyme TL-IM) and Candida antarctica (Novozym 435). The condition reactions leading to the highest yield were as follows: substrate ratio: 1/20 (GPC/oleic acid); amount of catalyst: 10% (w/w of substrates); temperature: 50°C. Under these conditions, a yield of 75% of oleoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine was achieved in 24 h under stirring and almost no dioleoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine was produced. Unlike other studies dealing with the esterification of GPC with free fatty acids, the removal of the water produced while the reaction proceeds was not necessary to reach high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Mnasri
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (EA 2160), IUT de Laval, Université du Maine
| | - Françoise Ergan
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (EA 2160), IUT de Laval, Université du Maine
| | - Josiane Herault
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (EA 2160), IUT de Laval, Université du Maine
| | - Gaëlle Pencreac'h
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (EA 2160), IUT de Laval, Université du Maine
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21
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Ward-Caviness CK, Xu T, Aspelund T, Thorand B, Montrone C, Meisinger C, Dunger-Kaltenbach I, Zierer A, Yu Z, Helgadottir IR, Harris TB, Launer LJ, Ganna A, Lind L, Eiriksdottir G, Waldenberger M, Prehn C, Suhre K, Illig T, Adamski J, Ruepp A, Koenig W, Gudnason V, Emilsson V, Wang-Sattler R, Peters A. Improvement of myocardial infarction risk prediction via inflammation-associated metabolite biomarkers. Heart 2017; 103:1278-1285. [PMID: 28255100 PMCID: PMC5871235 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2016-310789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The comprehensive assaying of low-molecular-weight compounds, for example, metabolomics, provides a unique tool to uncover novel biomarkers and understand pathways underlying myocardial infarction (MI). We used a targeted metabolomics approach to identify biomarkers for MI and evaluate their involvement in the pathogenesis of MI. METHODS AND RESULTS Using three independent, prospective cohorts (KORA S4, KORA S2 and AGES-REFINE), totalling 2257 participants without a history of MI at baseline, we identified metabolites associated with incident MI (266 cases). We also investigated the association between the metabolites and high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) to understand the relation between these metabolites and systemic inflammation. Out of 140 metabolites, 16 were nominally associated (p<0.05) with incident MI in KORA S4. Three metabolites, arginine and two lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC 17:0 and LPC 18:2), were selected as biomarkers via a backward stepwise selection procedure in the KORA S4 and were significant (p<0.0003) in a meta-analysis comprising all three studies including KORA S2 and AGES-REFINE. Furthermore, these three metabolites increased the predictive value of the Framingham risk score, increasing the area under the receiver operating characteristic score in KORA S4 (from 0.70 to 0.78, p=0.001) and AGES-REFINE study (from 0.70 to 0.76, p=0.02), but was not observed in KORA S2. The metabolite biomarkers attenuated the association between hsCRP and MI, indicating a potential link to systemic inflammatory processes. CONCLUSIONS We identified three metabolite biomarkers, which in combination increase the predictive value of the Framingham risk score. The attenuation of the hsCRP-MI association by these three metabolites indicates a potential link to systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tao Xu
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thor Aspelund
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Centre for Public Health, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Barbara Thorand
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Corinna Montrone
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Astrid Zierer
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Zhonghao Yu
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Ganna
- Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Illig
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Andreas Ruepp
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- Deutsches Herzzentrum, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munchen, Germany
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Valur Emilsson
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Rui Wang-Sattler
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munchen, Germany
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Pickens CA, Vazquez AI, Jones AD, Fenton JI. Obesity, adipokines, and C-peptide are associated with distinct plasma phospholipid profiles in adult males, an untargeted lipidomic approach. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6335. [PMID: 28740130 PMCID: PMC5524758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05785-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with dysregulated lipid metabolism and adipokine secretion. Our group has previously reported obesity and adipokines are associated with % total fatty acid (FA) differences in plasma phospholipids. The objective of our current study was to identify in which complex lipid species (i.e., phosphatidylcholine, sphingolipids, etc) these FA differences occur. Plasma lipidomic profiling (n = 126, >95% Caucasian, 48–65 years) was performed using chromatographic separation and high resolution tandem mass spectrometry. The responses used in the statistical analyses were body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), serum adipokines, cytokines, and a glycemic marker. High-dimensional statistical analyses were performed, all models were adjusted for age and smoking, and p-values were adjusted for false discovery. In Bayesian models, the lipidomic profiles (over 1,700 lipids) accounted for >60% of the inter-individual variation of BMI, WC, and leptin in our population. Across statistical analyses, we report 51 individual plasma lipids were significantly associated with obesity. Obesity was inversely associated lysophospholipids and ether linked phosphatidylcholines. In addition, we identify several unreported lipids associated with obesity that are not present in lipid databases. Taken together, these results provide new insights into the underlying biology associated with obesity and reveal new potential pathways for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Austin Pickens
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, 469 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Ana I Vazquez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, 909 Fee Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - A Daniel Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jenifer I Fenton
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, 469 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Chen Y, Wen S, Jiang M, Zhu Y, Ding L, Shi H, Dong P, Yang J, Yang Y. Atherosclerotic dyslipidemia revealed by plasma lipidomics on ApoE −/− mice fed a high-fat diet. Atherosclerosis 2017; 262:78-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Campos-Mota GP, Navia-Pelaez JM, Araujo-Souza JC, Stergiopulos N, Capettini LSA. Role of ERK1/2 activation and nNOS uncoupling on endothelial dysfunction induced by lysophosphatidylcholine. Atherosclerosis 2016; 258:108-118. [PMID: 28235709 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) - a main component of oxidized LDL - is involved in endothelial dysfunction that precedes atherosclerosis, with an increased superoxide anions and a reduced NO production via endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) uncoupling. However, there is no evidence about the mechanisms involved in neuronal NOS (nNOS) uncoupling. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is related to the control of NO production and inflammatory gene transcription activation in atherosclerosis. Our aim was to investigate the role of nNOS/ERK1/2 pathway on endothelial dysfunction induced by LPC, in mouse aorta and human endothelial cells. METHODS Thoracic aorta from wild type mice was used to perform vascular reactivity studies in the presence or absence of LPC. Human endothelial cells were used to investigate the effect of LPC on expression of nNOS and his products NO and H2O2. RESULTS LPC reduced acetylcholine (ACh)-induced vasodilation in mouse aorta (EmaxCT/LPC = ∼95 ± 2/62 ± 3%, p = 0.0004) and increased phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction (EmaxCT/LPC = ∼4 ± 0,1/6 ± 0,1 mN/mm, p = 0.0002), with a reduction in NO (fluorescence intensityCT/LPC = 91 ± 3/62±2 × 103, p = 0.0002) and H2O2 (fluorescence intensityCT/LPC = ∼16 ± 0,8/10 ± 0,7 × 103, p = 0.0041) production evocated by ACh. An inhibition of nNOS by TRIM (EmaxCT/CT+TRIM = ∼93 ± 1/43 ± 3%, p = 0,0048; EmaxLPC/LPC+TRIM = ∼62 ± 3/65 ± 3%) or H2O2 degradation by catalase (EmaxCT/CT+cat = ∼93 ± 1/46 ± 2%, p < 0,001; EmaxLPC/LPC+cat = ∼62,8 ± 3,2/60,5 ± 4,7%) reduced the relaxation in the control but not in LPC group. PD98059, an ERK1/2 inhibitor, abolished the increase in vasoconstriction in LPC-treated vessels (EmaxLPC/LPC+PD = ∼6 ± 0,1/3 ± 0,1 mN/mm, p = 0.0001). LPC also reduced the dimer/monomer proportion and increased nNOSser852 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS LPC induced nNOS uncoupling and nNOSSer852 phosphorylation, reduced NO and H2O2 production and improved superoxide production by modulating ERK1/2 activity in human and murine endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianne P Campos-Mota
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Navia-Pelaez
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jessica Cristina Araujo-Souza
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nikos Stergiopulos
- Laboratory of Hemodynamics and Cardiovascular Technology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, BM 5128 Station 17, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luciano S A Capettini
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Klingler C, Zhao X, Adhikary T, Li J, Xu G, Häring HU, Schleicher E, Lehmann R, Weigert C. Lysophosphatidylcholines activate PPARδ and protect human skeletal muscle cells from lipotoxicity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1980-1992. [PMID: 27697477 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics studies of human plasma demonstrate a correlation of lower plasma lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC) concentrations with insulin resistance, obesity, and inflammation. This relationship is not unraveled on a molecular level. Here we investigated the effects of the abundant LPC(16:0) and LPC(18:1) on human skeletal muscle cells differentiated to myotubes. Transcriptome analysis of human myotubes treated with 10μM LPC for 24h revealed enrichment of up-regulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) target transcripts, including ANGPTL4, PDK4, PLIN2, and CPT1A. The increase in both PDK4 and ANGPTL4 RNA expression was abolished in the presence of either PPARδ antagonist GSK0660 or GSK3787. The induction of PDK4 by LPCs was blocked with siRNA against PPARD. The activation of PPARδ transcriptional activity by LPC was shown as PPARδ-dependent luciferase reporter gene expression and enhanced DNA binding of the PPARδ/RXR dimer. On a functional level, further results show that the LPC-mediated activation of PPARδ can reduce fatty acid-induced inflammation and ER stress in human skeletal muscle cells. The protective effect of LPC was prevented in the presence of the PPARδ antagonist GSK0660. Taking together, LPCs can activate PPARδ, which is consistent with the association of high plasma LPC levels and PPARδ-dependent anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Klingler
- Division of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, University Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Xinjie Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Till Adhikary
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 3, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jia Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Division of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, University Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Erwin Schleicher
- Division of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, University Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rainer Lehmann
- Division of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, University Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cora Weigert
- Division of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, University Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany.
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Specific enrichment of 2-arachidonoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine in carotid atheroma plaque from type 2 diabetic patients. Atherosclerosis 2016; 251:339-347. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Do not let death do us part: 'find-me' signals in communication between dying cells and the phagocytes. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:979-89. [PMID: 26891690 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The turnover and clearance of cells is an essential process that is part of many physiological and pathological processes. Improper or deficient clearance of apoptotic cells can lead to excessive inflammation and autoimmune disease. The steps involved in cell clearance include: migration of the phagocyte toward the proximity of the dying cells, specific recognition and internalization of the dying cell, and degradation of the corpse. The ability of phagocytes to recognize and react to dying cells to perform efficient and immunologically silent engulfment has been well-characterized in vitro and in vivo. However, how apoptotic cells themselves initiate the corpse removal and also influence the cells within the neighboring environment during clearance was less understood. Recent exciting observations suggest that apoptotic cells can attract phagocytes through the regulated release of 'find-me' signals. More recent studies also suggest that these find-me signals can have additional roles outside of phagocyte attraction to help orchestrate engulfment. This review will discuss our current understanding of the different find-me signals released by apoptotic cells, how they may be relevant in vivo, and their additional roles in facilitating engulfment.
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Wang Y, Zhou S, Wang M, Liu S, Hu Y, He C, Li P, Wan JB. UHPLC/Q-TOFMS-based metabolomics for the characterization of cold and hot properties of Chinese materia medica. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 179:234-242. [PMID: 26747020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The cold/hot property of Chinese materia medica (CMM) and the application of its corresponding knowledge in the diagnosis, differentiation and treatment of diseases have been considered to be the extremely important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). As highly abstracted TCM theory, the cold/hot property of CMMs is still not fully understood and remains to be elucidated by systems biology approach. The cold and hot properties of CMM are mainly defined by the response of the body to a given CMM. Metabolomics is a promising systems biology method to profile entire endogenous metabolites and monitor their fluctuations related to an exogenous stimulus. Thus, a metabolomics approach was applied to characterize the cold and hot properties of CMMs. MATERIAL AND METHODS Mice were intragastrically administered three selected cold property CMMs (i.e., Rheum palmatum L., radix et rhizoma; Coptis chinensis Franch, rhizome and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, radix) and three hot property CMMs (i.e., Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J. Presl, cortex; Zingiber officinale Roscoe, rhizoma and Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth., fructus) once daily for one week. The comprehensive metabolome changes in the plasma of mice after treatment with cold or hot property CMMs were characterized by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS), and the potential biomarkers related to cold and hot properties of CMM were explored. RESULTS Metabolites perturbation in plasma occurs after treatment with cold CMMs and hot CMMs in mice, and 15 and 16 differential biomarkers were identified to be associated with the cold and hot properties of CMMs, respectively. Among them, LPC (18:0), LPC (18:1), LPC (20:4) and LPC (20:5) showed decreased trends in the cold property CMM treated groups, but increased in the hot property CMM treated groups. CONCLUSIONS There is a strong connection between the cold/hot property of CMMs and lysophosphatidylcholines metabolism. This study offers new insight into CMM properties and their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China
| | - Shujun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China
| | - Shuying Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
| | - Yuanjia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China
| | - Chengwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China.
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The impact of chronic stress on the rat brain lipidome. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:80-8. [PMID: 25754084 PMCID: PMC4565780 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress is a major risk factor for several human disorders that affect modern societies. The brain is a key target of chronic stress. In fact, there is growing evidence indicating that exposure to stress affects learning and memory, decision making and emotional responses, and may even predispose for pathological processes, such as Alzheimer's disease and depression. Lipids are a major constituent of the brain and specifically signaling lipids have been shown to regulate brain function. Here, we used a mass spectrometry-based lipidomic approach to evaluate the impact of a chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) paradigm on the rat brain in a region-specific manner. We found that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) was the area with the highest degree of changes induced by chronic stress. Although the hippocampus presented relevant lipidomic changes, the amygdala and, to a greater extent, the cerebellum presented few lipid changes upon chronic stress exposure. The sphingolipid and phospholipid metabolism were profoundly affected, showing an increase in ceramide (Cer) and a decrease in sphingomyelin (SM) and dihydrosphingomyelin (dhSM) levels, and a decrease in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and ether phosphatidylcholine (PCe) and increase in lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) levels, respectively. Furthermore, the fatty-acyl profile of phospholipids and diacylglycerol revealed that chronic stressed rats had higher 38 carbon(38C)-lipid levels in the hippocampus and reduced 36C-lipid levels in the PFC. Finally, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) levels in the PFC were found to be correlated with blood corticosterone (CORT) levels. In summary, lipidomic profiling of the effect of chronic stress allowed the identification of dysregulated lipid pathways, revealing putative targets for pharmacological intervention that may potentially be used to modulate stress-induced deficits.
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Paoletti L, Domizi P, Marcucci H, Montaner A, Krapf D, Salvador G, Banchio C. Lysophosphatidylcholine Drives Neuroblast Cell Fate. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:6316-6331. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Increasing plasma lysophosphatidylcholine levels in patients with regular dextran sulfate lipoprotein apheresis. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2015; 18:170-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2015.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lysophosphatidylcholine exacerbates Leishmania major-dendritic cell infection through interleukin-10 and a burst in arginase1 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activities. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 25:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Oleoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine limits endothelial nitric oxide bioavailability by induction of reactive oxygen species. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113443. [PMID: 25419657 PMCID: PMC4242637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously we reported modulation of endothelial prostacyclin and interleukin-8 production, cyclooxygenase-2 expression and vasorelaxation by oleoyl- lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC 18:1). In the present study, we examined the impact of this LPC on nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability in vascular endothelial EA.hy926 cells. Basal NO formation in these cells was decreased by LPC 18:1. This was accompanied with a partial disruption of the active endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)- dimer, leading to eNOS uncoupling and increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The LPC 18:1-induced ROS formation was attenuated by the superoxide scavenger Tiron, as well as by the pharmacological inhibitors of eNOS, NADPH oxidases, flavin-containing enzymes and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Intracellular ROS-formation was most prominent in mitochondria, less pronounced in cytosol and undetectable in endoplasmic reticulum. Importantly, Tiron completely prevented the LPC 18:1-induced decrease in NO bioavailability in EA.hy926 cells. The importance of the discovered findings for more in vivo like situations was analyzed by organ bath experiments in mouse aortic rings. LPC 18:1 attenuated the acetylcholine-induced, endothelium dependent vasorelaxation and massively decreased NO bioavailability. We conclude that LPC 18:1 induces eNOS uncoupling and unspecific superoxide production. This results in NO scavenging by ROS, a limited endothelial NO bioavailability and impaired vascular function.
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Gazos-Lopes F, Oliveira MM, Hoelz LVB, Vieira DP, Marques AF, Nakayasu ES, Gomes MT, Salloum NG, Pascutti PG, Souto-Padrón T, Monteiro RQ, Lopes AH, Almeida IC. Structural and functional analysis of a platelet-activating lysophosphatidylcholine of Trypanosoma cruzi. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3077. [PMID: 25101628 PMCID: PMC4125143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of the life-threatening Chagas disease, in which increased platelet aggregation related to myocarditis is observed. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent intercellular lipid mediator and second messenger that exerts its activity through a PAF-specific receptor (PAFR). Previous data from our group suggested that T. cruzi synthesizes a phospholipid with PAF-like activity. The structure of T. cruzi PAF-like molecule, however, remains elusive. Methodology/Principal findings Here, we have purified and structurally characterized the putative T. cruzi PAF-like molecule by electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). Our ESI-MS/MS data demonstrated that the T. cruzi PAF-like molecule is actually a lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), namely sn-1 C18:1(delta 9)-LPC. Similar to PAF, the platelet-aggregating activity of C18:1-LPC was abrogated by the PAFR antagonist, WEB 2086. Other major LPC species, i.e., C16:0-, C18:0-, and C18:2-LPC, were also characterized in all T. cruzi stages. These LPC species, however, failed to induce platelet aggregation. Quantification of T. cruzi LPC species by ESI-MS revealed that intracellular amastigote and trypomastigote forms have much higher levels of C18:1-LPC than epimastigote and metacyclic trypomastigote forms. C18:1-LPC was also found to be secreted by the parasite in extracellular vesicles (EV) and an EV-free fraction. A three-dimensional model of PAFR was constructed and a molecular docking study was performed to predict the interactions between the PAFR model and PAF, and each LPC species. Molecular docking data suggested that, contrary to other LPC species analyzed, C18:1-LPC is predicted to interact with the PAFR model in a fashion similar to PAF. Conclusions/Significance Taken together, our data indicate that T. cruzi synthesizes a bioactive C18:1-LPC, which aggregates platelets via PAFR. We propose that C18:1-LPC might be an important lipid mediator in the progression of Chagas disease and its biosynthesis could eventually be exploited as a potential target for new therapeutic interventions. Chagas disease, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, was exclusively confined to Latin America but it has recently spread to other regions of the world. Chagas disease affects 8–10 million people and kills thousands of them every year. Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is a major bioactive phospholipid of human plasma low-density lipoproteins (LDL). Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a phospholipid similar to LPC and a potent intercellular mediator. Both PAF and LPC have been reported to act on mammalian cells through PAF receptor (PAFR). Previous data from our group suggested that T. cruzi produces a phospholipid with PAF activity. Here, we describe the structural and functional analysis of different species of LPC from T. cruzi, including a LPC with a fatty acid chain of 18 carbon atoms and one double bond (C18:1-LPC). We also show that C18:1-LPC is able to induce rabbit platelet aggregation, which is abrogated by a PAFR antagonist. In addition, a three-dimensional model of human PAFR was constructed. Contrary to other T. cruzi LPC molecules, C18:1-LPC is predicted to interact with the PAFR model in a fashion similar to PAF. Further studies are needed to validate the biosynthesis of T. cruzi C18:1-LPC as a potential drug target in Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Gazos-Lopes
- The Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mauricio M. Oliveira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco I, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucas V. B. Hoelz
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco G, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Danielle P. Vieira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco I, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre F. Marques
- The Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas, United States of America
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ernesto S. Nakayasu
- The Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Marta T. Gomes
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco I, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco H, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nasim G. Salloum
- The Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Pedro G. Pascutti
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco G, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thaïs Souto-Padrón
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco I, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Robson Q. Monteiro
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco H, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Angela H. Lopes
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco I, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail: (AHL); (ICA)
| | - Igor C. Almeida
- The Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AHL); (ICA)
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Dudzik D, Zorawski M, Skotnicki M, Zarzycki W, Kozlowska G, Bibik-Malinowska K, Vallejo M, García A, Barbas C, Ramos MP. Metabolic fingerprint of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. J Proteomics 2014; 103:57-71. [PMID: 24698665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Gestational Diabetes (GDM) is causing severe short- and long-term complications for mother, fetus or neonate. As yet, the metabolic alterations that are specific for the development of GDM have not been fully determined, which also precludes the early diagnosis and prognosis of this pathology. In this pilot study, we determine the metabolic fingerprint, using a multiplatform LC-QTOF/MS, GC-Q/MS and CE-TOF/MS system, of plasma and urine samples of 20 women with GDM and 20 with normal glucose tolerance in the second trimester of pregnancy. Plasma fingerprints allowed for the discrimination of GDM pregnant women from controls. In particular, lysoglycerophospholipids showed a close association with the glycemic state of the women. In addition, we identified some metabolites with a strong discriminative power, such as LPE(20:1), (20:2), (22:4); LPC(18:2), (20:4), (20:5); LPI(18:2), (20:4); LPS(20:0) and LPA(18:2), as well as taurine-bile acids and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid derivatives. Finally, we provide evidence for the implication of these compounds in metabolic routes, indicative of low-grade inflammation and altered redox-balance, that may be related with the specific pathophysiological context of the genesis of GDM. This highlights their potential use as prognostic markers for the identification of women at risk to develop severe glucose intolerance during pregnancy. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is increasing worldwide and, although diabetes usually remits after pregnancy, women with GDM have a high risk of developing postpartum type 2-diabetes, particularly when accompanied by obesity. Therefore, understanding the pathophysiology of GDM, as well as the identification of potentially modifiable risk factors and early diagnostic markers for GDM are relevant issues. In the present study, we devised a multiplatform metabolic fingerprinting approach to obtain a comprehensive picture of the early metabolic alternations that occur in GDM, and may reflect on the specific pathophysiological context of the disease. Future studies at later stages of gestation will allow us to validate the discriminant power of the identified metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Dudzik
- CEMBIO (Center for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marcin Zorawski
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Mariusz Skotnicki
- Clinical Department of Perinatology, Public Clinic Hospital, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Wieslaw Zarzycki
- Clinical Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Diseases, Public Clinic Hospital, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Gabryela Kozlowska
- Clinical Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Diseases, Public Clinic Hospital, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bibik-Malinowska
- Clinical Department of Perinatology, Public Clinic Hospital, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - María Vallejo
- CEMBIO (Center for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonia García
- CEMBIO (Center for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Barbas
- CEMBIO (Center for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Pilar Ramos
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain.
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Lee SJ, Yi T, Ahn SH, Lim DK, Hong JY, Cho YK, Lim J, Song SU, Kwon SW. Senescing Human Bone-Marrow-Derived Clonal Mesenchymal Stem Cells Have Altered Lysophospholipid Composition and Functionality. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:1438-49. [DOI: 10.1021/pr400990k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seul Ji Lee
- College
of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanangno, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151742, Korea
| | - TacGhee Yi
- HomeoTherapy, Co. Ltd., 3ga, Sinheung-dong, Incheon 400-711, Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Ahn
- Department
of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Kyu Lim
- College
of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanangno, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151742, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Hong
- College
of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanangno, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151742, Korea
| | - Yun Kyoung Cho
- HomeoTherapy, Co. Ltd., 3ga, Sinheung-dong, Incheon 400-711, Korea
| | - Johan Lim
- Department
of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun U. Song
- HomeoTherapy, Co. Ltd., 3ga, Sinheung-dong, Incheon 400-711, Korea
| | - Sung Won Kwon
- College
of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanangno, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151742, Korea
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Rao SP, Riederer M, Lechleitner M, Hermansson M, Desoye G, Hallström S, Graier WF, Frank S. Acyl chain-dependent effect of lysophosphatidylcholine on endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65155. [PMID: 23741477 PMCID: PMC3669280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously we identified palmitoyl-, oleoyl-, linoleoyl-, and arachidonoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC 16:0, 18:1, 18:2 and 20:4) as the most prominent LPC species generated by endothelial lipase (EL). In the present study, we examined the impact of those LPC on acetylcholine (ACh)- induced vascular relaxation. All tested LPC attenuated ACh-induced relaxation, measured ex vivo, using mouse aortic rings and wire myography. The rank order of potency was as follows: 18:2>20:4>16:0>18:1. The attenuating effect of LPC 16:0 on relaxation was augmented by indomethacin-mediated cyclooxygenase (COX)-inhibition and CAY10441, a prostacyclin (PGI2)- receptor (IP) antagonist. Relaxation attenuated by LPC 20:4 and 18:2 was improved by indomethacin and SQ29548, a thromboxane A2 (TXA2)- receptor antagonist. The effect of LPC 20:4 could also be improved by TXA2- and PGI2-synthase inhibitors. As determined by EIA assays, the tested LPC promoted secretion of PGI2, TXA2, PGF2α, and PGE2, however, with markedly different potencies. LPC 16:0 was the most potent inducer of superoxide anion production by mouse aortic rings, followed by LPC 18:2, 20:4 and 18:1, respectively. The strong antioxidant tempol recovered relaxation impairment caused by LPC 18:2, 18:1 and 20:4, but not by LPC 16:0. The tested LPC attenuate ACh-induced relaxation through induction of proconstricting prostanoids and superoxide anions. The potency of attenuating relaxation and the relative contribution of underlying mechanisms are strongly related to LPC acyl-chain length and degree of saturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailaja P. Rao
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Riederer
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
- University of Applied Sciences, Biomedical Science, Graz, Austria
| | - Margarete Lechleitner
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Hermansson
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gernot Desoye
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Seth Hallström
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Center of Physiological Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F. Graier
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Saša Frank
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Wuhanqimuge, Itakura A, Matsuki Y, Tanaka M, Arioka M. Lysophosphatidylcholine enhances NGF-induced MAPK and Akt signals through the extracellular domain of TrkA in PC12 cells. FEBS Open Bio 2013; 3:243-51. [PMID: 23772401 PMCID: PMC3678299 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is one of the major lysophospholipids mainly generated by phospholipase A2 (PLA2)-mediated hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC). We previously found that LPC displays neurotrophin-like activity in the rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells and in cerebellar granule neurons, but the molecular mechanism remains unclear. We report here that LPC specifically enhances nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced signals in PC12 cells. When PC12 cells were treated with NGF, MAPK was phosphorylated, but this phosphorylation was significantly elevated when LPC was added together. In accordance, NGF-induced expression of immediate early genes, c-fos and NGF-IA, was upregulated by LPC. Phosphorylation of the upstream components, MEK and NGF receptor TrkA, was also promoted by LPC, which was in line with increased phosphorylation of Akt. In contrast, LPC did not enhance epidermal growth factor (EGF)-, basic fibroblast growth factor-, or insulin-like growth factor-1-induced signals. Studies using TrkA/EGF receptor chimeras demonstrated that the extracellular domain, but not the transmembrane or intracellular domains, of TrkA is responsible for the effect of LPC. Exogenously-added secretory PLA2 (sPLA2) enhanced NGF-induced MAPK phosphorylation at a comparable level to LPC, suggesting that LPC generated in situ by sPLA2-mediated hydrolysis of membrane PC stimulated NGF-TrkA signal. Taken together, these results indicate a specific role and function of LPC on NGF-TrkA signaling pathway. LPC potentiates NGF-induced MAPK and Akt phosphorylation in PC12 cells. LPC enhances NGF-induced MEK and TrkA phosphorylation. LPC does not affect the signals of EGF, FGF, and IGF-1. The effect of LPC requires the extracellular domain of TrkA. sPLA2 also potentiates NGF-induced MAPK phosphorylation.
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Key Words
- Akt
- BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor
- CGNs, cerebellar granule neurons
- DMEM, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- EGFP, enhanced green fluorescent protein
- EGFR, EGF receptor
- GPCR, G protein-coupled receptors
- IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1
- LPA, lysophosphatidic acid
- LPC, lysophosphatidylcholine
- LPE, lysophosphatidylethanolamine
- LPS, lysophosphatidylserine
- Lysophosphatidylcholine
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MEK, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase
- Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)
- NGF, nerve growth factor
- Nerve growth factor
- PC, phosphatidylcholine
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- PLA2, phospholipase A2
- RT-PCR, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- TTBS, Tris-buffered saline containing 0.01% Tween 20
- TrkA
- bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor
- sPLA2, secretory PLA2
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuhanqimuge
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Grzelczyk A, Gendaszewska-Darmach E. Novel bioactive glycerol-based lysophospholipids: new data -- new insight into their function. Biochimie 2012; 95:667-79. [PMID: 23089136 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Based on the results of research conducted over last two decades, lysophospholipids (LPLs) were observed to be not only structural components of cellular membranes but also biologically active molecules influencing a broad variety of processes such as carcinogenesis, neurogenesis, immunity, vascular development or regulation of metabolic diseases. With a growing interest in the involvement of extracellular lysophospholipids in both normal physiology and pathology, it has become evident that those small molecules may have therapeutic potential. While lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) have been studied in detail, other LPLs such as lysophosphatidylglycerol (LPG), lysophosphatidylserine (LPS), lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) or even lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) have not been elucidated to such a high degree. Although information concerning the latter LPLs is sparse as compared to LPA and S1P, within the last couple of years much progress has been made. Recently published data suggest that these compounds may regulate fundamental cellular activities by modulating multiple molecular targets, e.g. by binding to specific receptors and/or altering the structure and fluidity of lipid rafts. Therefore, the present review is devoted to novel bioactive glycerol-based lysophospholipids and recent findings concerning their functions and possible signaling pathways regulating physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Grzelczyk
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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40
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Brkić L, Riederer M, Graier WF, Malli R, Frank S. Acyl chain-dependent effect of lysophosphatidylcholine on cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression in endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis 2012; 224:348-54. [PMID: 22901457 PMCID: PMC3465554 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective Previously we identified palmitoyl-, oleoyl- linoleoyl-, and arachidonoyl-lysophosph-atidylcholine (LPC 16:0, 18:1, 18:2 and 20:4) as the most prominent LPC species generated by endothelial lipase (EL). In the present study, we examined the capacity of those LPC to modulate expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in vascular endothelial cells. Methods & results LPC 16:0 and 20:4 promoted both COX-2 mRNA- and protein synthesis with different potencies and kinetics. While LPC 18:1 induced a weak and transient increase in COX-2 mRNA, but not protein, LPC 18:2 increased COX-2 protein, without impacting mRNA. Chelation of intracellular Ca2+ and inhibition of p38 MAPK markedly attenuated 16:0 LPC- and 20:4 LPC- elicited induction of COX-2 expression, whereas inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) attenuated only the effect of 16:0 LPC. LPC 16:0 and 20:4 differed markedly in their potencies to increase cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and in the kinetics of p38 MAPK activation. While the effects of 16:0 and 20:4 LPC on COX-2 expression were profoundly sensitive to silencing of either c-Jun or p65 (NF-κB), respectively, silencing of cyclic AMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) attenuated markedly the effect of both LPC. Conclusion Our results indicate that the tested LPC species are capable of inducing COX-2 expression, whereby the efficacy and the relative contribution of underlying signaling mechanisms markedly differ, due to the length and degree of saturation of LPC acyl chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lada Brkić
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Harrachgasse 21/III, Medical University Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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41
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Crnkovic S, Riederer M, Lechleitner M, Hallström S, Malli R, Graier WF, Lindenmann J, Popper H, Olschewski H, Olschewski A, Frank S. Docosahexaenoic acid-induced unfolded protein response, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells are triggered by Ca²⁺-dependent induction of oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:1786-95. [PMID: 22391221 PMCID: PMC3482662 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells is a characteristic of pathological vascular remodeling and represents a significant therapeutic challenge in several cardiovascular diseases. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a member of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, was shown to inhibit proliferation of numerous cell types, implicating several different mechanisms. In this study we examined the molecular events underlying the inhibitory effects of DHA on proliferation of primary human smooth muscle cells isolated from small pulmonary artery (hPASMCs). DHA concentration-dependently inhibited hPASMC proliferation, induced G1 cell cycle arrest, and decreased cyclin D1 protein expression. DHA activated the unfolded protein response (UPR), evidenced by increased mRNA expression of HSPA5, increased phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α, and splicing of X-box binding protein 1. DHA altered cellular lipid composition and led to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. DHA-induced ROS were dependent on both intracellular Ca(2+) release and entry of extracellular Ca(2+). Overall cellular ROS and mitochondrial ROS were decreased by RU360, a specific inhibitor of mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake. DHA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction was evidenced by decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased cellular ATP content. DHA triggered apoptosis as found by increased numbers of cleaved caspase-3- and TUNEL-positive cells. The free radical scavenger Tempol counteracted DHA-induced ROS, cell cycle arrest, induction of UPR, and apoptosis. We conclude that Ca(2+)-dependent oxidative stress is the central and initial event responsible for induction of UPR, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in DHA-treated hPASMCs.
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Key Words
- atf6, activating transcription factor 6
- dha, docosahexaenoic acid
- δψm, mitochondrial membrane potential
- eif2α, eukaryotic initiation factor 2α
- er, endoplasmic reticulum
- fcs, fetal calf serum
- hpasmc, human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell
- hspa5, heat shock 70-kda protein 5
- ire1α, inositol-requiring enzyme 1α
- n-3 pufa, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid
- perk, protein kinase rna-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase
- pc, phosphatidylcholine
- pe, phosphatidylethanolamine
- ptp, permeability transition pore
- ros, reactive oxygen species
- tg, triglyceride
- upr, unfolded protein response
- xbp-1, x-box binding protein 1
- oxidative stress
- unfolded protein response
- n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid
- apoptosis
- mitochondria
- cell cycle
- free radicals
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Affiliation(s)
- Slaven Crnkovic
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine, Austria
- University Clinic for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Austria
| | - Monika Riederer
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine, Austria
| | - Margarete Lechleitner
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine, Austria
| | - Seth Hallström
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Center for Physiological Medicine, Austria
| | - Roland Malli
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F. Graier
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine, Austria
| | - Jörg Lindenmann
- University Clinic for Surgery, Clinical Department of Thorax and Hyperbaric Surgery, Austria
| | - Helmut Popper
- Institute of Pathology, Division of Pulmonology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Horst Olschewski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Olschewski
- University Clinic for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Austria
| | - Saša Frank
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine, Austria
- Corresponding author. Fax: + 43 316 380 9615.
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Hung ND, Sok DE, Kim MR. Prevention of 1-palmitoyl lysophosphatidylcholine-induced inflammation by polyunsaturated acyl lysophosphatidylcholine. Inflamm Res 2012; 61:473-83. [PMID: 22252240 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-012-0434-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the inflammation induced by saturated acyl lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) in vivo and to investigate whether it could be attenuated by the action of polyunsaturated acyl lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs), which are known as anti-inflammatory lipid mediators. METHODS First, saturated acyl LPC was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) to mice and the inflammatory profile was extensively characterized. Subsequently, the preventive effect of polyunsaturated acyl LPCs, i.p. administered 30 min after saturated acyl LPC, was evaluated by measuring indices of inflammation such as leukocyte migration, plasma leakage, and eicosanoid or cytokine formation by light microscopy, Evans blue dye as indicator, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. RESULTS Saturated acyl LPCs as LPC16:0 (100 mg/kg, i.p.) proved to be an effective inflammation inducer which causes a significant increase in plasma leakage, leukocyte migration into peritoneum and elevation of pro-inflammatory mediators. Interestingly, LPC20:4 and LPC22:6 (50 and 150 μg/kg) significantly nullified LPC16:0-induced inflammation. The anti-inflammatory effects of LPC20:4 and LPC22:6 were related to down-regulation of leukocyte extravasation, plasma leakage, and formation of pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-5, IL-6, NO, 12-HETE and PGE(2)) stimulated by LPC16:0, and up-regulation of anti-inflammatory mediators (IL-4 and IL-10). CONCLUSION These results indicated that the pro-inflammatory activity of saturated acyl LPCs could be antagonized by the actions of polyunsaturated acyl LPCs, anti-inflammatory lipid mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Dang Hung
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-Gu, Gungdong, Daejeon, Korea.
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Riederer M, Lechleitner M, Hrzenjak A, Koefeler H, Desoye G, Heinemann A, Frank S. Endothelial lipase (EL) and EL-generated lysophosphatidylcholines promote IL-8 expression in endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis 2010; 214:338-44. [PMID: 21130993 PMCID: PMC3034026 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previously we identified palmitoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC 16:0), as well as linoleoyl-, arachidonoyl- and oleoyl-LPC (LPC 18:2, 20:4 and 18:1) as the most prominent LPC species generated by the action of endothelial lipase (EL) on high-density lipoprotein (HDL). In the present study, the impact of EL and EL-generated LPC on interleukin-8 (IL-8) synthesis was examined in vitro in primary human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) and in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of the catalytically active EL, but not its inactive mutant, increased endothelial synthesis of IL-8 mRNA and protein in a time- and HDL-concentration-dependent manner. While LPC 18:2 was inactive, LPC 16:0, 18:1 and 20:4 promoted IL-8 mRNA- and protein-synthesis, differing in potencies and kinetics. The effects of all tested LPC on IL-8 synthesis were completely abrogated by addition of BSA and chelation of intracellular Ca(2+). Underlying signaling pathways also included NFkB, p38-MAPK, ERK, PKC and PKA. In mice, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of EL caused an elevation in the plasma levels of MIP-2 (murine IL-8 analogue) accompanied by a markedly increased plasma LPC/PC ratio. Intravenously injected LPC also raised MIP-2 plasma concentration, however to a lesser extent than EL overexpression. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that EL and EL-generated LPC, except of LPC 18:2, promote endothelial IL-8 synthesis, with different efficacy and kinetics, related to acyl-chain length and degree of saturation. Accordingly, due to its capacity to modulate the availability of the pro-inflammatory and pro-adhesive chemokine IL-8, EL should be considered an important player in the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Riederer
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Harrachgasse 21/III, Medical University Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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