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Pei P, Guo W, Qi M, Jiang J, Feng S, Luo SZ, Chen L. Identification of low-abundance proteins in the royal jelly using the Osborne classification method. J Proteomics 2024; 306:105266. [PMID: 39053808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2024.105266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Royal jelly (RJ) is recognized as healthy food, with a high content of proteins. These proteins play important roles in honeybee caste and human health, but the proteomic analysis of low-abundance proteins in RJ has long been a challenge. Herein, we used the Osborne classification method to separate the RJ proteins of Xinjiang black bees into various fractions. The globulin, ethanol-soluble protein, and glutelin fractions were further separated by SDS-PAGE, and proteomic analysis was carried out by LC-MS/MS and searched against the UniProt database. A total of 23 secretory proteins were identified by proteomic analysis, in which 7 proteins were identified for the first time in RJ. The Osborne classification method combining one-dimensional gel electrophoresis-based proteomic analysis allows the identification of low-abundance proteins in the RJ and greatly extends the knowledge about the components and functions of RJ proteins. The raw data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD023315. SIGNIFICANCE: This study makes an important contribution to the research of the components and functions of low-abundance royal jelly proteins for the following reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenxu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mingxue Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jianhui Jiang
- Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Resources Utilization in South Xinjiang of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China.
| | - Shan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, The Biomedical Research Core Facility, Center for Research Equipment and Facilities, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Shi-Zhong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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2
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Simon MJ, Logan T, DeVos SL, Di Paolo G. Lysosomal functions of progranulin and implications for treatment of frontotemporal dementia. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:324-339. [PMID: 36244875 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Loss-of-function heterozygous mutations in GRN, the gene encoding progranulin (PGRN), were identified in patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) almost two decades ago and are generally linked to reduced PGRN protein expression levels. Although initial characterization of PGRN function primarily focused on its role in extracellular signaling as a secreted protein, more recent studies revealed critical roles of PGRN in regulating lysosome function, including proteolysis and lipid degradation, consistent with its lysosomal localization. Emerging from these studies is the notion that PGRN regulates glucocerebrosidase activity via direct chaperone activities and via interaction with prosaposin (i.e., a key regulator of lysosomal sphingolipid-metabolizing enzymes), as well as with the anionic phospholipid bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate. This emerging lysosomal biology of PGRN identified novel and promising opportunities in therapeutic discovery as well as biomarker development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Todd Logan
- Denali Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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3
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Pepe G, Capocci L, Marracino F, Realini N, Lenzi P, Martinello K, Bovier TF, Bichell TJ, Scarselli P, Di Cicco C, Bowman AB, Digilio FA, Fucile S, Fornai F, Armirotti A, Parlato R, Di Pardo A, Maglione V. Treatment with THI, an inhibitor of sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase, modulates glycosphingolipid metabolism and results therapeutically effective in experimental models of Huntington's disease. Mol Ther 2023; 31:282-299. [PMID: 36116006 PMCID: PMC9840122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder with no effective cure currently available. Over the past few years our research has shown that alterations in sphingolipid metabolism represent a critical determinant in HD pathogenesis. In particular, aberrant metabolism of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) has been reported in multiple disease settings, including human postmortem brains from HD patients. In this study, we investigate the potential therapeutic effect of the inhibition of S1P degradative enzyme SGPL1, by the chronic administration of the 2-acetyl-5-tetrahydroxybutyl imidazole (THI) inhibitor. We show that THI mitigated motor dysfunctions in both mouse and fly models of HD. The compound evoked the activation of pro-survival pathways, normalized levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, preserved white matter integrity, and stimulated synaptic functions in HD mice. Metabolically, THI restored normal levels of hexosylceramides and stimulated the autophagic and lysosomal machinery, facilitating the reduction of nuclear inclusions of both wild-type and mutant huntingtin proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Natalia Realini
- Analytical Chemistry Lab, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Lenzi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Tiziana Francesca Bovier
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), UOS Naples-CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; Department of Pediatrics Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Center for Host-Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York 10032, NY, USA
| | - Terry Jo Bichell
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | | | | | - Aaron B Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2051, USA
| | - Filomena A Digilio
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), UOS Naples-CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio Fucile
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS) 86077, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza Rome University, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Francesco Fornai
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS) 86077, Italy; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Armirotti
- Analytical Chemistry Lab, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Rosanna Parlato
- Division for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany
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4
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The Consequences of GBA Deficiency in the Autophagy-Lysosome System in Parkinson's Disease Associated with GBA. Cells 2023; 12:cells12010191. [PMID: 36611984 PMCID: PMC9818455 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
GBA gene variants were the first genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease. GBA encodes the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GBA), which is involved in sphingolipid metabolism. GBA exhibits a complex physiological function that includes not only the degradation of its substrate glucosylceramide but also the metabolism of other sphingolipids and additional lipids such as cholesterol, particularly when glucocerebrosidase activity is deficient. In the context of Parkinson's disease associated with GBA, the loss of GBA activity has been associated with the accumulation of α-synuclein species. In recent years, several hypotheses have proposed alternative and complementary pathological mechanisms to explain why lysosomal enzyme mutations lead to α-synuclein accumulation and become important risk factors in Parkinson's disease etiology. Classically, loss of GBA activity has been linked to a dysfunctional autophagy-lysosome system and to a subsequent decrease in autophagy-dependent α-synuclein turnover; however, several other pathological mechanisms underlying GBA-associated parkinsonism have been proposed. This review summarizes and discusses the different hypotheses with a special focus on autophagy-dependent mechanisms, as well as autophagy-independent mechanisms, where the role of other players such as sphingolipids, cholesterol and other GBA-related proteins make important contributions to Parkinson's disease pathogenesis.
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Sandhoff R, Sandhoff K. Neuronal Ganglioside and Glycosphingolipid (GSL) Metabolism and Disease : Cascades of Secondary Metabolic Errors Can Generate Complex Pathologies (in LSDs). ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 29:333-390. [PMID: 36255681 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12390-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are a diverse group of membrane components occurring mainly on the surfaces of mammalian cells. They and their metabolites have a role in intercellular communication, serving as versatile biochemical signals (Kaltner et al, Biochem J 476(18):2623-2655, 2019) and in many cellular pathways. Anionic GSLs, the sialic acid containing gangliosides (GGs), are essential constituents of neuronal cell surfaces, whereas anionic sulfatides are key components of myelin and myelin forming oligodendrocytes. The stepwise biosynthetic pathways of GSLs occur at and lead along the membranes of organellar surfaces of the secretory pathway. After formation of the hydrophobic ceramide membrane anchor of GSLs at the ER, membrane-spanning glycosyltransferases (GTs) of the Golgi and Trans-Golgi network generate cell type-specific GSL patterns for cellular surfaces. GSLs of the cellular plasma membrane can reach intra-lysosomal, i.e. luminal, vesicles (ILVs) by endocytic pathways for degradation. Soluble glycoproteins, the glycosidases, lipid binding and transfer proteins and acid ceramidase are needed for the lysosomal catabolism of GSLs at ILV-membrane surfaces. Inherited mutations triggering a functional loss of glycosylated lysosomal hydrolases and lipid binding proteins involved in GSL degradation cause a primary lysosomal accumulation of their non-degradable GSL substrates in lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs). Lipid binding proteins, the SAPs, and the various lipids of the ILV-membranes regulate GSL catabolism, but also primary storage compounds such as sphingomyelin (SM), cholesterol (Chol.), or chondroitin sulfate can effectively inhibit catabolic lysosomal pathways of GSLs. This causes cascades of metabolic errors, accumulating secondary lysosomal GSL- and GG- storage that can trigger a complex pathology (Breiden and Sandhoff, Int J Mol Sci 21(7):2566, 2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Sandhoff
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Konrad Sandhoff
- LIMES, c/o Kekule-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Dardis A, Michelakakis H, Rozenfeld P, Fumic K, Wagner J, Pavan E, Fuller M, Revel-Vilk S, Hughes D, Cox T, Aerts J. Patient centered guidelines for the laboratory diagnosis of Gaucher disease type 1. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:442. [PMID: 36544230 PMCID: PMC9768924 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02573-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder due to the deficient activity of the acid beta-glucosidase (GCase) enzyme, resulting in the progressive lysosomal accumulation of glucosylceramide (GlcCer) and its deacylated derivate, glucosylsphingosine (GlcSph). GCase is encoded by the GBA1 gene, located on chromosome 1q21 16 kb upstream from a highly homologous pseudogene. To date, more than 400 GBA1 pathogenic variants have been reported, many of them derived from recombination events between the gene and the pseudogene. In the last years, the increased access to new technologies has led to an exponential growth in the number of diagnostic laboratories offering GD testing. However, both biochemical and genetic diagnosis of GD are challenging and to date no specific evidence-based guidelines for the laboratory diagnosis of GD have been published. The objective of the guidelines presented here is to provide evidence-based recommendations for the technical implementation and interpretation of biochemical and genetic testing for the diagnosis of GD to ensure a timely and accurate diagnosis for patients with GD worldwide. The guidelines have been developed by members of the Diagnostic Working group of the International Working Group of Gaucher Disease (IWGGD), a non-profit network established to promote clinical and basic research into GD for the ultimate purpose of improving the lives of patients with this disease. One of the goals of the IWGGD is to support equitable access to diagnosis of GD and to standardize procedures to ensure an accurate diagnosis. Therefore, a guideline development group consisting of biochemists and geneticists working in the field of GD diagnosis was established and a list of topics to be discussed was selected. In these guidelines, twenty recommendations are provided based on information gathered through a systematic review of the literature and two different diagnostic algorithms are presented, considering the geographical differences in the access to diagnostic services. Besides, several gaps in the current diagnostic workflow were identified and actions to fulfill them were taken within the IWGGD. We believe that the implementation of recommendations provided in these guidelines will promote an equitable, timely and accurate diagnosis for patients with GD worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dardis
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Disease, University Hospital of Udine, P.Le Santa Maria Della Misericordia 15, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - H Michelakakis
- Department of Enzymology and Cellular Function, Institute of Child Health, Athens, Greece
| | - P Rozenfeld
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos Y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), UNLP, CONICET, Asociado CIC PBA, La Plata, Argentina
| | - K Fumic
- Department for Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb and School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - J Wagner
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University, Osijek, Croatia
- International Gaucher Alliance, Dursley, UK
| | - E Pavan
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Disease, University Hospital of Udine, P.Le Santa Maria Della Misericordia 15, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - M Fuller
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology at Women's and Children's Hospital and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - S Revel-Vilk
- Gaucher Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - D Hughes
- Lysosomal Storage Disorders Unit, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust and University College London, London, UK
| | - T Cox
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Aerts
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden, The Netherlands
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7
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Papandreou A, Doykov I, Spiewak J, Komarov N, Habermann S, Kurian MA, Mills PB, Mills K, Gissen P, Heywood WE. Niemann-Pick type C disease as proof-of-concept for intelligent biomarker panel selection in neurometabolic disorders. Dev Med Child Neurol 2022; 64:1539-1546. [PMID: 35833379 PMCID: PMC9796541 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AIM Using Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPC) as a paradigm, we aimed to improve biomarker discovery in patients with neurometabolic disorders. METHOD Using a multiplexed liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry dried bloodspot assay, we developed a selective intelligent biomarker panel to monitor known biomarkers N-palmitoyl-O-phosphocholineserine and 3β,5α,6β-trihydroxy-cholanoyl-glycine as well as compounds predicted to be affected in NPC pathology. We applied this panel to a clinically relevant paediatric patient cohort (n = 75; 35 males, 40 females; mean age 7 years 6 months, range 4 days-19 years 8 months) presenting with neurodevelopmental and/or neurodegenerative pathology, similar to that observed in NPC. RESULTS The panel had a far superior performance compared with individual biomarkers. Namely, NPC-related established biomarkers used individually had 91% to 97% specificity but the combined panel had 100% specificity. Moreover, multivariate analysis revealed long-chain isoforms of glucosylceramide were elevated and very specific for patients with NPC. INTERPRETATION Despite advancements in next-generation sequencing and precision medicine, neurological non-enzymatic disorders remain difficult to diagnose and lack robust biomarkers or routine functional testing for genetic variants of unknown significance. Biomarker panels may have better diagnostic accuracy than individual biomarkers in neurometabolic disorders, hence they can facilitate more prompt disease identification and implementation of emerging targeted, disease-specific therapies. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Intelligent biomarker panel design can help expedite diagnosis in neurometabolic disorders. In Niemann-Pick type C disease, such a panel performed better than individual biomarkers. Biomarker panels are easy to implement and widely applicable to neurometabolic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Papandreou
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for ChildrenLondonUK
| | - Ivan Doykov
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Justyna Spiewak
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Nikita Komarov
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Manju A. Kurian
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for ChildrenLondonUK
| | - Philippa B. Mills
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Kevin Mills
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Paul Gissen
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Hospital for ChildrenLondonUK
| | - Wendy E. Heywood
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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8
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Gaudioso Á, Silva TP, Ledesma MD. Models to study basic and applied aspects of lysosomal storage disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 190:114532. [PMID: 36122863 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The lack of available treatments and fatal outcome in most lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) have spurred research on pathological mechanisms and novel therapies in recent years. In this effort, experimental methodology in cellular and animal models have been developed, with aims to address major challenges in many LSDs such as patient-to-patient variability and brain condition. These techniques and models have advanced knowledge not only of LSDs but also for other lysosomal disorders and have provided fundamental insights into the biological roles of lysosomes. They can also serve to assess the efficacy of classical therapies and modern drug delivery systems. Here, we summarize the techniques and models used in LSD research, which include both established and recently developed in vitro methods, with general utility or specifically addressing lysosomal features. We also review animal models of LSDs together with cutting-edge technology that may reduce the need for animals in the study of these devastating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Gaudioso
- Centro Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa P Silva
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
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9
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Lansbury P. The Sphingolipids Clearly Play a Role in Parkinson's Disease, but Nature Has Made it Complicated. Mov Disord 2022; 37:1985-1989. [PMID: 36087026 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lansbury
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Grabowski GA, Mistry PK. Therapies for lysosomal storage diseases: Principles, practice, and prospects for refinements based on evolving science. Mol Genet Metab 2022; 137:81-91. [PMID: 35933791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Grabowski
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, United States of America; Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America.
| | - Pramod K Mistry
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, New Haven, CT, United States of America
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11
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Rogers MA, Chang CCY, Maue RA, Melton EM, Peden AA, Garver WS, Lee J, Schroen P, Huang M, Chang TY. Acat1/Soat1 knockout extends the mutant Npc1 mouse lifespan and ameliorates functional deficiencies in multiple organelles of mutant cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2201646119. [PMID: 35507892 PMCID: PMC9170141 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2201646119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple membrane organelles require cholesterol for proper function within cells. The Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) proteins export cholesterol from endosomes to other membrane compartments, including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), plasma membrane (PM), trans-Golgi network (TGN), and mitochondria, to meet their cholesterol requirements. Defects in NPC cause malfunctions in multiple membrane organelles and lead to an incurable neurological disorder. Acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1), a resident enzyme in the ER, converts cholesterol to cholesteryl esters for storage. In mutant NPC cells, cholesterol storage still occurs in an NPC-independent manner. Here we report the interesting finding that in a mutant Npc1 mouse (Npc1nmf), Acat1 gene (Soat1) knockout delayed the onset of weight loss, motor impairment, and Purkinje neuron death. It also improved hepatosplenic pathology and prolonged lifespan by 34%. In mutant NPC1 fibroblasts, ACAT1 blockade (A1B) increased cholesterol content associated with TGN-rich membranes and mitochondria, while decreased cholesterol content associated with late endosomes. A1B also restored proper localization of syntaxin 6 and golgin 97 (key proteins in membrane trafficking at TGN) and improved the levels of cathepsin D (a key protease in lysosome and requires Golgi/endosome transport for maturation) and ABCA1 (a key protein controlling cholesterol release at PM). This work supports the hypothesis that diverting cholesterol from storage can benefit multiple diseases that involve cholesterol deficiencies in cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximillian A. Rogers
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Catherine C. Y. Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Robert A. Maue
- Department of Biology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Elaina M. Melton
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Andrew A. Peden
- Department of Biomedical Science, Centre for Membrane Interactions and Dynamics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - William S. Garver
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Junghoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Peter Schroen
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Mitchell Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Ta-Yuan Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
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12
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Logan T, Simon MJ, Rana A, Cherf GM, Srivastava A, Davis SS, Low RLY, Chiu CL, Fang M, Huang F, Bhalla A, Llapashtica C, Prorok R, Pizzo ME, Calvert MEK, Sun EW, Hsiao-Nakamoto J, Rajendra Y, Lexa KW, Srivastava DB, van Lengerich B, Wang J, Robles-Colmenares Y, Kim DJ, Duque J, Lenser M, Earr TK, Nguyen H, Chau R, Tsogtbaatar B, Ravi R, Skuja LL, Solanoy H, Rosen HJ, Boeve BF, Boxer AL, Heuer HW, Dennis MS, Kariolis MS, Monroe KM, Przybyla L, Sanchez PE, Meisner R, Diaz D, Henne KR, Watts RJ, Henry AG, Gunasekaran K, Astarita G, Suh JH, Lewcock JW, DeVos SL, Di Paolo G. Rescue of a lysosomal storage disorder caused by Grn loss of function with a brain penetrant progranulin biologic. Cell 2021; 184:4651-4668.e25. [PMID: 34450028 PMCID: PMC8489356 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
GRN mutations cause frontotemporal dementia (GRN-FTD) due to deficiency in progranulin (PGRN), a lysosomal and secreted protein with unclear function. Here, we found that Grn-/- mice exhibit a global deficiency in bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP), an endolysosomal phospholipid we identified as a pH-dependent PGRN interactor as well as a redox-sensitive enhancer of lysosomal proteolysis and lipolysis. Grn-/- brains also showed an age-dependent, secondary storage of glucocerebrosidase substrate glucosylsphingosine. We investigated a protein replacement strategy by engineering protein transport vehicle (PTV):PGRN-a recombinant protein linking PGRN to a modified Fc domain that binds human transferrin receptor for enhanced CNS biodistribution. PTV:PGRN rescued various Grn-/- phenotypes in primary murine macrophages and human iPSC-derived microglia, including oxidative stress, lysosomal dysfunction, and endomembrane damage. Peripherally delivered PTV:PGRN corrected levels of BMP, glucosylsphingosine, and disease pathology in Grn-/- CNS, including microgliosis, lipofuscinosis, and neuronal damage. PTV:PGRN thus represents a potential biotherapeutic for GRN-FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Logan
- Denali Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Anil Rana
- Denali Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Chi-Lu Chiu
- Denali Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Meng Fang
- Denali Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fen Huang
- Denali Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Akhil Bhalla
- Denali Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Junhua Wang
- Denali Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Do Jin Kim
- Denali Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Duque
- Denali Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Hoang Nguyen
- Denali Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Roni Chau
- Denali Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Ritesh Ravi
- Denali Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Howard J Rosen
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; On behalf of the ALLFTD investigators
| | - Bradley F Boeve
- On behalf of the ALLFTD investigators; Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Adam L Boxer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; On behalf of the ALLFTD investigators
| | - Hilary W Heuer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; On behalf of the ALLFTD investigators
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rene Meisner
- Denali Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dolores Diaz
- Denali Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kirk R Henne
- Denali Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ryan J Watts
- Denali Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Astarita
- Denali Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jung H Suh
- Denali Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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13
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Breiden B, Sandhoff K. Acid Sphingomyelinase, a Lysosomal and Secretory Phospholipase C, Is Key for Cellular Phospholipid Catabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9001. [PMID: 34445706 PMCID: PMC8396676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we present the main features of human acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), its biosynthesis, processing and intracellular trafficking, its structure, its broad substrate specificity, and the proposed mode of action at the surface of the phospholipid substrate carrying intraendolysosomal luminal vesicles. In addition, we discuss the complex regulation of its phospholipid cleaving activity by membrane lipids and lipid-binding proteins. The majority of the literature implies that ASM hydrolyses solely sphingomyelin to generate ceramide and ignores its ability to degrade further substrates. Indeed, more than twenty different phospholipids are cleaved by ASM in vitro, including some minor but functionally important phospholipids such as the growth factor ceramide-1-phosphate and the unique lysosomal lysolipid bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate. The inherited ASM deficiency, Niemann-Pick disease type A and B, impairs mainly, but not only, cellular sphingomyelin catabolism, causing a progressive sphingomyelin accumulation, which furthermore triggers a secondary accumulation of lipids (cholesterol, glucosylceramide, GM2) by inhibiting their turnover in late endosomes and lysosomes. However, ASM appears to be involved in a variety of major cellular functions with a regulatory significance for an increasing number of metabolic disorders. The biochemical characteristics of ASM, their potential effect on cellular lipid turnover, as well as a potential impact on physiological processes will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Konrad Sandhoff
- Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry Unit, LIMES Institute, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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14
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Tegeder I, Kögel D. When lipid homeostasis runs havoc: Lipotoxicity links lysosomal dysfunction to autophagy. Matrix Biol 2021; 100-101:99-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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The interplay between Glucocerebrosidase, α-synuclein and lipids in human models of Parkinson's disease. Biophys Chem 2020; 273:106534. [PMID: 33832803 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2020.106534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the gene GBA, encoding glucocerebrosidase (GCase), are the highest genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). GCase is a lysosomal glycoprotein responsible for the hydrolysis of glucosylceramide into glucose and ceramide. Mutations in GBA cause a decrease in GCase activity, stability and protein levels which in turn lead to the accumulation of GCase lipid substrates as well as α-synuclein (αS) in vitro and in vivo. αS is the main constituent of Lewy bodies found in the brain of PD patients and an increase in its levels was found to be associated with a decrease in GCase activity/protein levels in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we describe the reported biophysical and biochemical changes that GBA mutations can induce in GCase activity and stability as well as the current overview of the levels of GCase protein/activity, αS and lipids measured in patient-derived samples including post-mortem brains, stem cell-derived neurons, cerebrospinal fluid, blood and fibroblasts as well as in SH-SY5Y cells. In particular, we report how the levels of αS and lipids are affected by/correlated to significant changes in GCase activity/protein levels and which cellular pathways are activated or disrupted by these changes in each model. Finally, we review the current strategies used to revert the changes in the levels of GCase activity/protein, αS and lipids in the context of PD.
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16
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Effect of Expression of Human Glucosylceramidase 2 Isoforms on Lipid Profiles in COS-7 Cells. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10120488. [PMID: 33261081 PMCID: PMC7761373 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10120488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucosylceramide (GlcCer) is a major membrane lipid and the precursor of gangliosides. GlcCer is mainly degraded by two enzymes, lysosomal acid β-glucosidase (GBA) and nonlysosomal β-glucosidase (GBA2), which may have different isoforms because of alternative splicing. To understand which GBA2 isoforms are active and how they affect glycosphingolipid levels in cells, we expressed nine human GBA2 isoforms in COS-7 cells, confirmed their expression by qRT-PCR and Western blotting, and assayed their activity to hydrolyze 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (4MUG) in cell extracts. Human GBA2 isoform 1 showed high activity, while the other isoforms had activity similar to the background. Comparison of sphingolipid levels by ultra-high resolution/accurate mass spectrometry (UHRAMS) analysis showed that isoform 1 overexpression increased ceramide and decreased hexosylceramide levels. Comparison of ratios of glucosylceramides to the corresponding ceramides in the extracts indicated that GBA2 isoform 1 has broad specificity for the lipid component of glucosylceramide, suggesting that only one GBA2 isoform 1 is active and affects sphingolipid levels in the cell. Our study provides new insights into how increased breakdown of GlcCer affects cellular lipid metabolic networks.
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17
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Breiden B, Sandhoff K. Mechanism of Secondary Ganglioside and Lipid Accumulation in Lysosomal Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072566. [PMID: 32272755 PMCID: PMC7178057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gangliosidoses are caused by monogenic defects of a specific hydrolase or an ancillary sphingolipid activator protein essential for a specific step in the catabolism of gangliosides. Such defects in lysosomal function cause a primary accumulation of multiple undegradable gangliosides and glycosphingolipids. In reality, however, predominantly small gangliosides also accumulate in many lysosomal diseases as secondary storage material without any known defect in their catabolic pathway. In recent reconstitution experiments, we identified primary storage materials like sphingomyelin, cholesterol, lysosphingolipids, and chondroitin sulfate as strong inhibitors of sphingolipid activator proteins (like GM2 activator protein, saposin A and B), essential for the catabolism of many gangliosides and glycosphingolipids, as well as inhibitors of specific catabolic steps in lysosomal ganglioside catabolism and cholesterol turnover. In particular, they trigger a secondary accumulation of ganglioside GM2, glucosylceramide and cholesterol in Niemann–Pick disease type A and B, and of GM2 and glucosylceramide in Niemann–Pick disease type C. Chondroitin sulfate effectively inhibits GM2 catabolism in mucopolysaccharidoses like Hurler, Hunter, Sanfilippo, and Sly syndrome and causes a secondary neuronal ganglioside GM2 accumulation, triggering neurodegeneration. Secondary ganglioside and lipid accumulation is furthermore known in many more lysosomal storage diseases, so far without known molecular basis.
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18
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Autophagy lysosomal pathway dysfunction in Parkinson's disease; evidence from human genetics. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 73:60-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Anheuser S, Breiden B, Sandhoff K. Ganglioside GM2 catabolism is inhibited by storage compounds of mucopolysaccharidoses and by cationic amphiphilic drugs. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 128:75-83. [PMID: 31097363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The catabolism of ganglioside GM2 is dependent on the lysosomal enzyme β-hexosaminidase A and a supporting lipid transfer protein, the GM2 activator protein. A genetically based disturbance of GM2 catabolism, leads to several subtypes of the GM2 gangliosidosis: Tay-Sachs disease, Sandhoff disease, the AB-variant and the B1-variant, all of them having GM2 as major lysosomal storage compound. Further on it is known that the gangliosides GM2 and GM3 accumulate as secondary storage compounds in mucopolysaccharidoses, especially in Hunter disease, Hurler disease, Sanfilippo disease and Sly syndrome, with chondroitin sulfate as primary storage compound. The exact mechanism of ganglioside accumulation in mucopolysaccaridoses is still a matter of debate. Here, we show that chondroitin sulfate strongly inhibits the catabolism of membrane-bound GM2 by β-hexosaminidase A in presence of GM2 activator protein in vitro already at low micromolar concentrations. In contrast, hyaluronan, the major storage compound in mucopolysaccharidosis IX, a milder disease without secondary ganglioside accumulation, is a less effective inhibitor. On the other hand, hydrolysis of micellar-bound GM2 by β-hexosaminidase A without the assistance of GM2AP was not impeded by chondroitin sulfate implicating that the inhibition of GM2 hydrolysis by chondroitin sulfate is most likely based on an interaction with GM2AP, the GM2AP-GM2 complex or the GM2-carrying membranes. We also studied the influence of some cationic amphiphilic drugs (desipramine, chlorpromazine, imipramine and chloroquine), provoking drug induced phospholipidosis and found that all of them inhibited the hydrolysis of GM2 massively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susi Anheuser
- LIMES Institute, Membrane Biology & Lipid Biochemistry Unit, c/o Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernadette Breiden
- LIMES Institute, Membrane Biology & Lipid Biochemistry Unit, c/o Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Konrad Sandhoff
- LIMES Institute, Membrane Biology & Lipid Biochemistry Unit, c/o Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
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20
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Breiden B, Sandhoff K. Emerging mechanisms of drug-induced phospholipidosis. Biol Chem 2019; 401:31-46. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Drug-induced phospholipidosis is a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by excessive accumulation of phospholipids. Its cellular mechanism is still not well understood, but it is known that cationic amphiphilic drugs can induce it. These drugs have a hydrophilic amine head group that can be protonated in the endolysosomal compartment. As cationic amphiphiles, they are trapped in lysosomes, where they interfere with negatively charged intralysosomal vesicles, the major platforms of cellular sphingolipid degradation. Metabolic principles observed in sphingolipid and phospholipid catabolism and inherited sphingolipidoses are of great importance for lysosomal function and physiological lipid turnover at large. Therefore, we also propose intralysosomal vesicles as major platforms for degradation of lipids and phospholipids reaching them by intracellular pathways like autophagy and endocytosis. Phospholipids are catabolized as components of vesicle surfaces by protonated, positively charged phospholipases, electrostatically attracted to the negatively charged vesicles. Model experiments suggest that progressively accumulating cationic amphiphilic drugs inserting into the vesicle membrane with their hydrophobic molecular moieties disturb and attenuate the main mechanism of lipid degradation as discussed here. By compensating the negative surface charge, cationic enzymes are released from the surface of vesicles and proteolytically degraded, triggering a progressive lipid storage and the formation of inactive lamellar bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Breiden
- LIMES Institut , Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry Unit, c/o Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie , Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Konrad Sandhoff
- LIMES Institut , Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry Unit, c/o Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie , Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
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21
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Abstract
Glycosphingolipids are cell-type-specific components of the outer leaflet of mammalian plasma membranes. Gangliosides, sialic acid–containing glycosphingolipids, are especially enriched on neuronal surfaces. As amphi-philic molecules, they comprise a hydrophilic oligosaccharide chain attached to a hydrophobic membrane anchor, ceramide. Whereas glycosphingolipid formation is catalyzed by membrane-bound enzymes along the secretory pathway, degradation takes place at the surface of intralysosomal vesicles of late endosomes and lysosomes catalyzed in a stepwise fashion by soluble hydrolases and assisted by small lipid-binding glycoproteins. Inherited defects of lysosomal hydrolases or lipid-binding proteins cause the accumulation of undegradable material in lysosomal storage diseases (GM1 and GM2 gangliosidosis; Fabry, Gaucher, and Krabbe diseases; and metachromatic leukodystrophy). The catabolic processes are strongly modified by the lipid composition of the substrate-carrying membranes, and the pathological accumulation of primary storage compounds can trigger an accumulation of secondary storage compounds (e.g., small glycosphingolipids and cholesterol in Niemann-Pick disease).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Breiden
- LIMES Institute, Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry Unit, Universität Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany;,
| | - Konrad Sandhoff
- LIMES Institute, Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry Unit, Universität Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany;,
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22
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Anheuser S, Breiden B, Sandhoff K. Membrane lipids and their degradation compounds control GM2 catabolism at intralysosomal luminal vesicles. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1099-1111. [PMID: 30988135 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m092551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The catabolism of ganglioside GM2 is dependent on three gene products. Mutations in any of these genes result in a different type of GM2 gangliosidosis (Tay-Sachs disease, Sandhoff disease, and the B1 and AB variants of GM2 gangliosidosis), with GM2 as the major lysosomal storage compound. GM2 is also a secondary storage compound in lysosomal storage diseases such as Niemann-Pick disease types A-C, with primary storage of SM in type A and cholesterol in types B and C, respectively. The reconstitution of GM2 catabolism at liposomal surfaces carrying GM2 revealed that incorporating lipids into the GM2-carrying membrane such as cholesterol, SM, sphingosine, and sphinganine inhibits GM2 hydrolysis by β-hexosaminidase A assisted by GM2 activator protein, while anionic lipids, ceramide, fatty acids, lysophosphatidylcholine, and diacylglycerol stimulate GM2 catabolism. In contrast, the hydrolysis of the synthetic, water-soluble substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl-6-sulfo-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranoside was neither significantly affected by membrane lipids such as ceramide or SM nor stimulated by anionic lipids such as bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate added as liposomes, detergent micelles, or lipid aggregates. Moreover, hydrolysis-inhibiting lipids also had an inhibiting effect on the solubilization and mobilization of membrane-bound lipids by the GM2 activator protein, while the stimulating lipids enhanced lipid mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susi Anheuser
- Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry Unit, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernadette Breiden
- Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry Unit, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Konrad Sandhoff
- Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry Unit, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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23
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Sandhoff R, Sandhoff K. Emerging concepts of ganglioside metabolism. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3835-3864. [PMID: 29802621 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Gangliosides (GGs) are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids (GSLs) and major membrane components enriched on cellular surfaces. Biosynthesis of mammalian GGs starts at the cytosolic leaflet of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes with the formation of their hydrophobic ceramide anchors. After intracellular ceramide transfer to Golgi and trans-Golgi network (TGN) membranes, anabolism of GGs, as well as of other GSLs, is catalyzed by membrane-spanning glycosyltransferases (GTs) along the secretory pathway. Combined activity of only a few promiscuous GTs allows for the formation of cell-type-specific glycolipid patterns. Following an exocytotic vesicle flow to the cellular plasma membranes, GGs can be modified by metabolic reactions at or near the cellular surface. For degradation, GGs are endocytosed to reach late endosomes and lysosomes. Whereas membrane-spanning enzymes of the secretory pathway catalyze GSL and GG formation, a cooperation of soluble glycosidases, lipases and lipid-binding cofactors, namely the sphingolipid activator proteins (SAPs), act as the main players of GG and GSL catabolism at intralysosomal luminal vesicles (ILVs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Sandhoff
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group (G131), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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24
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Ververs FA, Kalkhoven E, Van't Land B, Boes M, Schipper HS. Immunometabolic Activation of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1192. [PMID: 29892305 PMCID: PMC5985373 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are lipid-reactive T cells with profound immunomodulatory potential. They are unique in their restriction to lipid antigens presented in CD1d molecules, which underlies their role in lipid-driven disorders such as obesity and atherosclerosis. In this review, we discuss the contribution of iNKT cell activation to immunometabolic disease, metabolic programming of lipid antigen presentation, and immunometabolic activation of iNKT cells. First, we outline the role of iNKT cells in immunometabolic disease. Second, we discuss the effects of cellular metabolism on lipid antigen processing and presentation to iNKT cells. The synthesis and processing of glycolipids and other potential endogenous lipid antigens depends on metabolic demand and may steer iNKT cells toward adopting a Th1 or Th2 signature. Third, external signals such as toll-like receptor ligands, adipokines, and cytokines modulate antigen presentation and subsequent iNKT cell responses. Finally, we will discuss the relevance of metabolic programming of iNKT cells in human disease, focusing on their role in disorders such as obesity and atherosclerosis. The critical response to metabolic changes places iNKT cells at the helm of immunometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca A Ververs
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Eric Kalkhoven
- Department of Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Belinda Van't Land
- Department of Immunology, Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marianne Boes
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Henk S Schipper
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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25
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Chen Y, Sud N, Hettinghouse A, Liu CJ. Molecular regulations and therapeutic targets of Gaucher disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 41:65-74. [PMID: 29699937 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is the most common lysosomal storage disease caused by deficiency of beta-glucocerebrosidase (GCase) resulting in lysosomal accumulation of its glycolipid substrate glucosylceramide. The activity of GCase depends on many factors such as proper folding and lysosomal localization, which are influenced by mutations in GCase encoding gene, and regulated by various GCase-binding partners including Saposin C, progranulin and heat shock proteins. In addition, proinflammatory molecules also contribute to pathogenicity of GD. In this review, we summarize the molecules that are known to be important for the pathogenesis of GD, particularly those modulating GCase lysosomal appearance and activity. In addition, small molecules that inhibit inflammatory mediators, calcium ion channels and other factors associated with GD are also described. Discovery and characterization of novel molecules that impact GD are not only important for deciphering the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease, but they also provide new targets for drug development to treat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY 10003, USA; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Neetu Sud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Aubryanna Hettinghouse
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Chuan-Ju Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY 10003, USA; Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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26
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Schröder SP, Wu L, Artola M, Hansen T, Offen WA, Ferraz MJ, Li KY, Aerts JMFG, van der Marel GA, Codée JDC, Davies GJ, Overkleeft HS. Gluco-1 H-imidazole: A New Class of Azole-Type β-Glucosidase Inhibitor. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:5045-5048. [PMID: 29601200 PMCID: PMC5942873 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Gluco-azoles competitively inhibit glucosidases by transition-state mimicry and their ability to interact with catalytic acid residues in glucosidase active sites. We noted that no azole-type inhibitors described, to date, possess a protic nitrogen characteristic for 1 H-imidazoles. Here, we present gluco-1 H-imidazole, a gluco-azole bearing a 1 H-imidazole fused to a glucopyranose-configured cyclitol core, and three close analogues as new glucosidase inhibitors. All compounds inhibit human retaining β-glucosidase, GBA1, with the most potent ones inhibiting this enzyme (deficient in Gaucher disease) on a par with glucoimidazole. None inhibit glucosylceramide synthase, cytosolic β-glucosidase GBA2 or α-glucosidase GAA. Structural, physical and computational studies provide first insights into the binding mode of this conceptually new class of retaining β-glucosidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, York Structural Biology Laboratory , University of York , Heslington, York YO10 5DD , United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Wendy A Offen
- Department of Chemistry, York Structural Biology Laboratory , University of York , Heslington, York YO10 5DD , United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gideon J Davies
- Department of Chemistry, York Structural Biology Laboratory , University of York , Heslington, York YO10 5DD , United Kingdom
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Sandhoff R, Schulze H, Sandhoff K. Ganglioside Metabolism in Health and Disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 156:1-62. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
Gangliosides are sialic acid containing glycosphingolipids, which are abundant in mammalian brain tissue. Several fatal human diseases are caused by defects in glycolipid metabolism. Defects in their degradation lead to an accumulation of metabolites upstream of the defective reactions, whereas defects in their biosynthesis lead to diverse problems in a large number of organs.Gangliosides are primarily positioned with their ceramide anchor in the neuronal plasma membrane and the glycan head group exposed on the cell surface. Their biosynthesis starts in the endoplasmic reticulum with the formation of the ceramide anchor, followed by sequential glycosylation reactions, mainly at the luminal surface of Golgi and TGN membranes, a combinatorial process, which is catalyzed by often promiscuous membrane-bound glycosyltransferases.Thereafter, the gangliosides are transported to the plasma membrane by exocytotic membrane flow. After endocytosis, they are degraded within the endolysosomal compartments by a complex machinery of degrading enzymes, lipid-binding activator proteins, and negatively charged lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Breiden
- LIMES Institute, Membrane Biology & Lipid Biochemistry Unit, Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Konrad Sandhoff
- LIMES Institute, Membrane Biology & Lipid Biochemistry Unit, Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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van Smeden J, Dijkhoff IM, Helder RWJ, Al-Khakany H, Boer DEC, Schreuder A, Kallemeijn WW, Absalah S, Overkleeft HS, Aerts JMFG, Bouwstra JA. In situ visualization of glucocerebrosidase in human skin tissue: zymography versus activity-based probe labeling. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:2299-2309. [PMID: 29025868 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m079376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal β-glucocerebrosidase (GBA1), an acid β-glucosidase normally located in lysosomes, converts (glucosyl)ceramides into ceramides, which is crucial to generate an optimal barrier function of the outermost skin layer, the stratum corneum (SC). Here we report on two developed in situ methods to localize active GBA in human epidermis: i) an optimized zymography method that is less labor intensive and visualizes enzymatic activity with higher resolution than currently reported methods using either substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucopyranoside or resorufin-β-D-glucopyranoside; and ii) a novel technique to visualize active GBA1 molecules by their specific labeling with a fluorescent activity-based probe (ABP), MDW941. The latter method pro-ved to be more robust and sensitive, provided higher resolution microscopic images, and was less prone to sample preparation effects. Moreover, in contrast to the zymography substrates that react with various β-glucosidases, MDW941 specifically labeled GBA1. We demonstrate that active GBA1 in the epidermis is primarily located in the extracellular lipid matrix at the interface of the viable epidermis and the lower layers of the SC. With ABP-labeling, we observed reduced GBA1 activity in 3D-cultured skin models when supplemented with the reversible inhibitor, isofagomine, irrespective of GBA expression. This inhibition affected the SC ceramide composition: MS analysis revealed an inhibitor-dependent increase in the glucosylceramide:ceramide ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen van Smeden
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Irini M Dijkhoff
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Richard W J Helder
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hanin Al-Khakany
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne E C Boer
- Medical Biochemistry Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Schreuder
- Medical Biochemistry Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter W Kallemeijn
- Medical Biochemistry Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Samira Absalah
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Herman S Overkleeft
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes M F G Aerts
- Medical Biochemistry Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joke A Bouwstra
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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A novel function for glucocerebrosidase as a regulator of sterylglucoside metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2507-2514. [PMID: 28596107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sterols are major cell membrane lipids, and in many organisms they are modified with glucose to generate sterylglucosides. Glucosylation dramatically changes the functional properties of sterols. The formation of sterylglucosides from sterols in plants, fungi, and bacteria uses UDP-glucose as a glucose donor. By contrast, sterylglucoside biosynthesis in mammals is catalyzed by the transglucosylation activity of glucocerebrosidases, with glucosylceramide acting as the glucose donor. Recent success in isolation and structural determination of sterylglucosides in the vertebrate central nervous system shows that transglucosylation also occurs in vivo. These analyses also revealed that sterylglucoside aglycons are composed of several cholesterol-related metabolites, including a plant-type sitosteryl. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review, we discuss the biological functions and metabolism of sterylglucosides. We also summarize new findings from studies on the metabolism of vertebrate sterylglucosides and review the circumstances underlying the recent discovery of sterylglucosides in vertebrate brain. Finally, we discuss the role of sterylglucosides in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders such as Gaucher disease and Parkinson's disease. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The biological significance of UDP-glucose-independent sterol glucosylation is still unknown, but it is plausible that glucosylation may provide sterols with novel biological functions. Even though sterol glucosylation is a simple reaction, it can dramatically change the physical properties of sterols. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Sterylglucosides may play roles in various physiological processes and in the pathogenesis of different diseases. Arriving at a better understanding of them at the organ and cellular level may open up new approaches to developing therapeutics for a variety of diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Neuro-glycoscience, edited by Kenji Kadomatsu and Hiroshi Kitagawa.
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