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Xu S, Wu S, Zhang M, Xie J, Lin M, Jin L, Zhang J, Wang Y, Fan M, Fang Z, Li W, Ouyang C, Kwon D, Que N, Li Z, Mao J, Chen H, Harris J, Wu X, Wu J, Yin H, Chan WC, Horne D, Huang W. Pharmacological profiling of a berbamine derivative for lymphoma treatment. Blood Adv 2024; 8:309-323. [PMID: 37967356 PMCID: PMC10824694 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II γ (CAMKIIγ) has been identified as a potential target for treating cancer. Based on our previous study of berbamine (BBM) as a CAMKIIγ inhibitor, we have synthesized a new BBM derivative termed PA4. Compared with BBM, PA4 showed improved potency and specificity and was more cytotoxic against lymphoma and leukemia than against other types of cancer. In addition to indirectly targeting c-Myc protein stability, we demonstrated that its cytotoxic effects were also mediated via increased reactive oxygen species production in lymphoma cells. PA4 significantly impeded tumor growth in vivo in a xenograft T-cell lymphoma mouse model. Pharmacokinetics studies demonstrated quick absorption into plasma after oral administration, with a maximum concentration of 1680 ± 479 ng/mL at 5.33 ± 2.31 hours. The calculated oral absolute bioavailability was 34.1%. Toxicity assessment of PA4 showed that the therapeutic window used in our experiments was safe for future development. Given its efficacy, safety, and favorable pharmacokinetic profile, PA4 is a potential lead candidate for treating lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senlin Xu
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program and Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolic Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Shunquan Wu
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program and Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolic Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian, China
| | - Mingfeng Zhang
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program and Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolic Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Min Lin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Lihua Jin
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program and Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolic Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangmeng Wang
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program and Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolic Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Mingjie Fan
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program and Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolic Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Zhipeng Fang
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program and Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolic Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Weini Li
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program and Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolic Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Ching Ouyang
- Integrative Genomic Core, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - David Kwon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Natalie Que
- Eugene and Ruth Roberts Summer Student Academy, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Zhirou Li
- School of AI and Advanced Computing, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinge Mao
- School of AI and Advanced Computing, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haonan Chen
- Eugene and Ruth Roberts Summer Student Academy, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Josephine Harris
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program and Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolic Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Integrative Genomic Core, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Jun Wu
- Animal Tumor Model Core, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Hongwei Yin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Wing C. Chan
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - David Horne
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Wendong Huang
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program and Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolic Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
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Skarke C, Lordan R, Barekat K, Naik A, Mathew D, Ohtani T, Greenplate AR, Grant GR, Lahens NF, Gouma S, Troisi E, Sengupta A, Weljie AM, Meng W, Luning Prak ET, Lundgreen K, Bates P, Meng H, FitzGerald GA. Modulation of the Immune Response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccination by Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 386:198-204. [PMID: 37105582 PMCID: PMC10353078 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence is scarce to guide the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to mitigate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine-related adverse effects, given the possibility of blunting the desired immune response. In this pilot study, we deeply phenotyped a small number of volunteers who did or did not take NSAIDs concomitant with SARS-CoV-2 immunizations to seek initial information on the immune response. A SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-specific receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG antibody response and efficacy in the evoked neutralization titers were evident irrespective of concomitant NSAID consumption. Given the sample size, only a large and consistent signal of immunomodulation would have been detectable, and this was not apparent. However, the information gathered may inform the design of a definitive clinical trial. Here we report a series of divergent omics signals that invites additional hypotheses testing. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The impact of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the immune response elicited by repeat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunizations was profiled by immunophenotypic, proteomic, and metabolomic approaches in a clinical pilot study of small sample size. A SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-specific immune response was evident irrespective of concomitant NSAID consumption. The information gathered may inform the design of a definitive clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Skarke
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (C.S., R.L., K.B., A.N., G.R.G., N.F.L., A.S., A.M.W., H.M., G.A.F.), Department of Medicine (C.S., G.A.F.), Institute for Immunology (D.M., T.O., A.R.G.), Immune Health (A.R.G.), Department of Microbiology (S.G., E.T., A.S., K.L., P.B.), Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics (A.M.W.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (W.M., E.T.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ronan Lordan
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (C.S., R.L., K.B., A.N., G.R.G., N.F.L., A.S., A.M.W., H.M., G.A.F.), Department of Medicine (C.S., G.A.F.), Institute for Immunology (D.M., T.O., A.R.G.), Immune Health (A.R.G.), Department of Microbiology (S.G., E.T., A.S., K.L., P.B.), Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics (A.M.W.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (W.M., E.T.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kayla Barekat
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (C.S., R.L., K.B., A.N., G.R.G., N.F.L., A.S., A.M.W., H.M., G.A.F.), Department of Medicine (C.S., G.A.F.), Institute for Immunology (D.M., T.O., A.R.G.), Immune Health (A.R.G.), Department of Microbiology (S.G., E.T., A.S., K.L., P.B.), Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics (A.M.W.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (W.M., E.T.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amruta Naik
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (C.S., R.L., K.B., A.N., G.R.G., N.F.L., A.S., A.M.W., H.M., G.A.F.), Department of Medicine (C.S., G.A.F.), Institute for Immunology (D.M., T.O., A.R.G.), Immune Health (A.R.G.), Department of Microbiology (S.G., E.T., A.S., K.L., P.B.), Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics (A.M.W.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (W.M., E.T.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Divij Mathew
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (C.S., R.L., K.B., A.N., G.R.G., N.F.L., A.S., A.M.W., H.M., G.A.F.), Department of Medicine (C.S., G.A.F.), Institute for Immunology (D.M., T.O., A.R.G.), Immune Health (A.R.G.), Department of Microbiology (S.G., E.T., A.S., K.L., P.B.), Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics (A.M.W.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (W.M., E.T.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Takuya Ohtani
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (C.S., R.L., K.B., A.N., G.R.G., N.F.L., A.S., A.M.W., H.M., G.A.F.), Department of Medicine (C.S., G.A.F.), Institute for Immunology (D.M., T.O., A.R.G.), Immune Health (A.R.G.), Department of Microbiology (S.G., E.T., A.S., K.L., P.B.), Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics (A.M.W.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (W.M., E.T.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Allison R Greenplate
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (C.S., R.L., K.B., A.N., G.R.G., N.F.L., A.S., A.M.W., H.M., G.A.F.), Department of Medicine (C.S., G.A.F.), Institute for Immunology (D.M., T.O., A.R.G.), Immune Health (A.R.G.), Department of Microbiology (S.G., E.T., A.S., K.L., P.B.), Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics (A.M.W.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (W.M., E.T.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gregory R Grant
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (C.S., R.L., K.B., A.N., G.R.G., N.F.L., A.S., A.M.W., H.M., G.A.F.), Department of Medicine (C.S., G.A.F.), Institute for Immunology (D.M., T.O., A.R.G.), Immune Health (A.R.G.), Department of Microbiology (S.G., E.T., A.S., K.L., P.B.), Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics (A.M.W.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (W.M., E.T.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicholas F Lahens
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (C.S., R.L., K.B., A.N., G.R.G., N.F.L., A.S., A.M.W., H.M., G.A.F.), Department of Medicine (C.S., G.A.F.), Institute for Immunology (D.M., T.O., A.R.G.), Immune Health (A.R.G.), Department of Microbiology (S.G., E.T., A.S., K.L., P.B.), Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics (A.M.W.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (W.M., E.T.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sigrid Gouma
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (C.S., R.L., K.B., A.N., G.R.G., N.F.L., A.S., A.M.W., H.M., G.A.F.), Department of Medicine (C.S., G.A.F.), Institute for Immunology (D.M., T.O., A.R.G.), Immune Health (A.R.G.), Department of Microbiology (S.G., E.T., A.S., K.L., P.B.), Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics (A.M.W.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (W.M., E.T.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Elizabeth Troisi
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (C.S., R.L., K.B., A.N., G.R.G., N.F.L., A.S., A.M.W., H.M., G.A.F.), Department of Medicine (C.S., G.A.F.), Institute for Immunology (D.M., T.O., A.R.G.), Immune Health (A.R.G.), Department of Microbiology (S.G., E.T., A.S., K.L., P.B.), Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics (A.M.W.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (W.M., E.T.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Arjun Sengupta
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (C.S., R.L., K.B., A.N., G.R.G., N.F.L., A.S., A.M.W., H.M., G.A.F.), Department of Medicine (C.S., G.A.F.), Institute for Immunology (D.M., T.O., A.R.G.), Immune Health (A.R.G.), Department of Microbiology (S.G., E.T., A.S., K.L., P.B.), Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics (A.M.W.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (W.M., E.T.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Aalim M Weljie
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (C.S., R.L., K.B., A.N., G.R.G., N.F.L., A.S., A.M.W., H.M., G.A.F.), Department of Medicine (C.S., G.A.F.), Institute for Immunology (D.M., T.O., A.R.G.), Immune Health (A.R.G.), Department of Microbiology (S.G., E.T., A.S., K.L., P.B.), Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics (A.M.W.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (W.M., E.T.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Wenzhao Meng
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (C.S., R.L., K.B., A.N., G.R.G., N.F.L., A.S., A.M.W., H.M., G.A.F.), Department of Medicine (C.S., G.A.F.), Institute for Immunology (D.M., T.O., A.R.G.), Immune Health (A.R.G.), Department of Microbiology (S.G., E.T., A.S., K.L., P.B.), Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics (A.M.W.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (W.M., E.T.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eline T Luning Prak
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (C.S., R.L., K.B., A.N., G.R.G., N.F.L., A.S., A.M.W., H.M., G.A.F.), Department of Medicine (C.S., G.A.F.), Institute for Immunology (D.M., T.O., A.R.G.), Immune Health (A.R.G.), Department of Microbiology (S.G., E.T., A.S., K.L., P.B.), Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics (A.M.W.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (W.M., E.T.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kendall Lundgreen
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (C.S., R.L., K.B., A.N., G.R.G., N.F.L., A.S., A.M.W., H.M., G.A.F.), Department of Medicine (C.S., G.A.F.), Institute for Immunology (D.M., T.O., A.R.G.), Immune Health (A.R.G.), Department of Microbiology (S.G., E.T., A.S., K.L., P.B.), Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics (A.M.W.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (W.M., E.T.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Paul Bates
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (C.S., R.L., K.B., A.N., G.R.G., N.F.L., A.S., A.M.W., H.M., G.A.F.), Department of Medicine (C.S., G.A.F.), Institute for Immunology (D.M., T.O., A.R.G.), Immune Health (A.R.G.), Department of Microbiology (S.G., E.T., A.S., K.L., P.B.), Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics (A.M.W.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (W.M., E.T.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hu Meng
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (C.S., R.L., K.B., A.N., G.R.G., N.F.L., A.S., A.M.W., H.M., G.A.F.), Department of Medicine (C.S., G.A.F.), Institute for Immunology (D.M., T.O., A.R.G.), Immune Health (A.R.G.), Department of Microbiology (S.G., E.T., A.S., K.L., P.B.), Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics (A.M.W.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (W.M., E.T.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Garret A FitzGerald
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (C.S., R.L., K.B., A.N., G.R.G., N.F.L., A.S., A.M.W., H.M., G.A.F.), Department of Medicine (C.S., G.A.F.), Institute for Immunology (D.M., T.O., A.R.G.), Immune Health (A.R.G.), Department of Microbiology (S.G., E.T., A.S., K.L., P.B.), Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics (A.M.W.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (W.M., E.T.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Ren JL, Dong H, Han Y, Yang L, Zhang AH, Sun H, Li Y, Yan G, Wang XJ. Network pharmacology combined with metabolomics approach to investigate the protective role and detoxification mechanism of Yunnan Baiyao formulation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 77:153266. [PMID: 32629383 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yunnan Baiyao (YNBY) is a traditional Chinese medicine formulae, which has the functions of hemostasis, activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis, anti-inflammation, etc. Although the presence of Caowu (CW, Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix), the detoxification mechanism of YNBY is still unclear. PURPOSE In current study, network pharmacology, toxicological methods and metabolomics technique were applied to explore YNBY in attenuating toxicity of CW. METHODS Prediction of targets and pathways of CW were carried out by commonly used network pharmacological method. Simultaneously, SD rats were orally administrated with CW, processed CW (ZCW), YNBY, and YNBY which lack of CW (QCW) for 15 days. Tissue samples were observed with histopathology. Urine samples were analyzed with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to screen differential metabolites and related metabolic pathways associated with toxicity of CW. Furthermore, by comparing the changes of the metabolite contents, focused the attenuated metabolic pathway. Finally, the network pharmacological and experimental data were integrated to investigate detoxification mechanism of YNBY. RESULTS A total of 44 potential toxicity biomarkers were identified and 14 related pathways were involved in the toxicity of CW. Furthermore, 5 core toxicity biomarkers (2-keto-6-acetamidocaproate, γ-glutamylleucine, prostaglandin E3, 4-hydroxy-5-(3'-hydroxyphenyl)-valeric acid-3'-O-sulphate, and 3,4-dihydroxy- phenylglycol O-sulfate) were regulated to normal condition in YNBY group. Lysine degradation was locked as the core metabolic pathway of detoxification of YNBY. Integrating the predicted results of network pharmacology, ACHE, SLC6A3, SLC6A4 might be the target of protective role of other herbs in YNBY. CONCLUSION Network pharmacology combined with metabolomics exhibited a powerful mean to investigate the herbal toxicity and probed into the detoxification mechanism of formulae, which contributes to its safety evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ling Ren
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hui Dong
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ying Han
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Le Yang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ai-Hua Zhang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hui Sun
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yue Li
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Guangli Yan
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xi-Jun Wang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China.
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