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de Medina P, Ayadi S, Diallo K, Buñay J, Pucheu L, Soulès R, Record M, Brillouet S, Vija L, Courbon F, Silvente-Poirot S, Poirot M. The Cholesterol-5,6-Epoxide Hydrolase: A Metabolic Checkpoint in Several Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1440:149-161. [PMID: 38036879 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol-5,6-epoxides (5,6-ECs) are oxysterols (OS) that have been linked to several pathologies including cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. 5,6-ECs can be produced from cholesterol by several mechanisms including reactive oxygen species, lipoperoxidation, and cytochrome P450 enzymes. 5,6-ECs exist as two different diastereoisomers: 5,6α-EC and 5,6β-EC with different metabolic fates. They can be produced as a mixture or as single products of epoxidation. The epoxide ring of 5,6α-EC and 5,6β-EC is very stable and 5,6-ECs are prone to hydration by the cholesterol-5,6-epoxide hydrolase (ChEH) to give cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol, which can be further oxidized into oncosterone. 5,6α-EC is prone to chemical and enzymatic conjugation reactions leading to bioactive compounds such as dendrogenins, highlighting the existence of a new metabolic branch on the cholesterol pathway centered on 5,6α-EC. We will summarize in this chapter current knowledge on this pathway which is controlled by the ChEH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe de Medina
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Silia Ayadi
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Khadijetou Diallo
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Julio Buñay
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Laly Pucheu
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Regis Soulès
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Michel Record
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Severine Brillouet
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse - Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Lavinia Vija
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Department of Medical Imaging, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse - Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Frederic Courbon
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Department of Medical Imaging, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse - Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Silvente-Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marc Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France.
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France.
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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Ben Hassen C, Goupille C, Vigor C, Durand T, Guéraud F, Silvente-Poirot S, Poirot M, Frank PG. Is cholesterol a risk factor for breast cancer incidence and outcome? J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 232:106346. [PMID: 37321513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol plays important roles in many physiological processes, including cell membrane structure and function, hormone synthesis, and the regulation of cellular homeostasis. The role of cholesterol in breast cancer is complex, and some studies have suggested that elevated cholesterol levels may be associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer, while others have found no significant association. On the other hand, other studies have shown that, for total cholesterol and plasma HDL-associated cholesterol levels, there was inverse association with breast cancer risk. One possible mechanism by which cholesterol may contribute to breast cancer risk is as a key precursor of estrogen. Other potential mechanisms by which cholesterol may contribute to breast cancer risk include its role in inflammation and oxidative stress, which have been linked to cancer progression. Cholesterol has also been shown to play a role in signaling pathways regulating the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. In addition, recent studies have shown that cholesterol metabolism can generate tumor promoters such as cholesteryl esters, oncosterone, 27-hydroxycholesterol but also tumor suppressor metabolites such as dendrogenin A. This review summarizes some of the most important clinical studies that have evaluated the role of cholesterol or its derivatives in breast cancer. It also addresses the role of cholesterol and its derivatives at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Goupille
- INSERM N2C UMR1069, University of Tours, 37032 Tours, France; Department of Gynecology, CHRU Hôpital Bretonneau, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France
| | - Claire Vigor
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 CEDEX 5 Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 CEDEX 5 Montpellier, France
| | - Françoise Guéraud
- INRAE, Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Silvente-Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV:"Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, France
| | - Marc Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV:"Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, France
| | - Philippe G Frank
- INSERM N2C UMR1069, University of Tours, 37032 Tours, France; SGS Health and Nutrition, Saint Benoît, France.
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Ayyagari VN, Li M, Diaz-Sylvester P, Groesch K, Wilson T, Pasman Z, Shah EM, Braundmeier-Fleming A, Brard L. Evaluation of sterol‑o‑acyl transferase 1 and cholesterol ester levels in plasma, peritoneal fluid and tumor tissue of patients with endometrial cancer: A pilot study. Oncol Lett 2023; 25:231. [PMID: 37153054 PMCID: PMC10157603 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most prevalent gynecological malignancy. Abnormal accumulation of sterol-O-acyl transferase 1 (SOAT1) and SOAT1-mediated cholesterol ester (CE) contributes to cancer progression in various malignancies, including ovarian cancer. Therefore, it was hypothesized that similar molecular changes may occur in EC. The present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and/or prognostic potential of SOAT1 and CE in EC by: i) Determining SOAT1 and CE levels in plasma, peritoneal fluid and endometrial tissue from patients with EC and control subjects; ii) performing receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to determine diagnostic performance; iii) comparing SOAT1 and CE expression to that of the tumor proliferation marker Ki67; and iv) assessing the association between SOAT1 expression and survival. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the levels of SOAT1 protein in tissue, plasma and peritoneal fluid. The mRNA and protein expression levels of SOAT1 and Ki67 in tissues were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively. CE levels were determined colorimetrically in plasma and peritoneal fluid. SOAT1-associated survival data from the cBioPortal cancer genomics database were used to assess prognostic relevance. The results revealed that SOAT1 and CE levels were significantly elevated in tumor tissue and peritoneal fluid samples collected from the EC group. By contrast, the plasma levels of SOAT1 and CE in the EC and control groups were similar. Significant positive associations between CE and SOAT1, SOAT1/CE and Ki67, and SOAT1/CE and poor overall survival in patients with EC suggested that SOAT1/CE may be associated with malignancy, aggressiveness and poor prognosis. In conclusion, SOAT1 and CE may serve as potential biomarkers for prognosis and target-specific treatment of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayalakshmi N. Ayyagari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
- Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
- Correspondence to: Dr Vijayalakshmi N. Ayyagari, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 801 N. Rutledge Steet, Springfield, IL 62702, USA, E-mail:
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
| | - Paula Diaz-Sylvester
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
- Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
- Center for Clinical Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
| | - Kathleen Groesch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
- Center for Clinical Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
| | - Teresa Wilson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
- Center for Clinical Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
| | - Zvi Pasman
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois College, Jacksonville, IL 62650, USA
| | - Ejaz M. Shah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
| | - Andrea Braundmeier-Fleming
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
- Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
| | - Laurent Brard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
- Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
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4
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Ayyagari V, Li M, Pasman Z, Wang X, Louis S, Diaz-Sylvester P, Groesch K, Wilson T, Brard L. Assessment of the diagnostic and prognostic relevance of ACAT1 and CE levels in plasma, peritoneal fluid and tumor tissue of epithelial ovarian cancer patients - a pilot study. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:387. [PMID: 35399074 PMCID: PMC8994887 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Abnormal accumulation of acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT1) and ACAT1-mediated cholesterol esterified with fatty acids (CE) contribute to cancer progression in various cancers. Our findings of increased CE and ACAT1 levels in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cell lines prompted us to investigate whether such an increase occurs in primary clinical samples obtained from human subjects diagnosed with EOC. We evaluated the diagnostic/prognostic potential of ACAT1 and CE in EOC by: 1) assessing ACAT1 and CE levels in plasma, peritoneal fluid, and ovarian/tumor tissues; 2) assessing diagnostic performance by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis; and 3) comparing expression of ACAT1 and CE with that of tumor proliferation marker, Ki67.
Methods
ACAT1 protein levels in plasma, peritoneal fluid and tissue were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Tissue expression of ACAT1 and Ki67 proteins were confirmed by immunohistochemistry and mRNA transcript levels were evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). CE levels were assessed in plasma, peritoneal fluid (colorimetric assay) and in tissue (thin layer chromatography).
Results
Preoperative levels of ACAT1 and CE on the day of surgery were significantly higher in tissue and peritoneal fluid from EOC patients vs. the non-malignant group, which included subjects with benign tumors and normal ovaries; however, no significant differences were observed in plasma. In tissue and peritoneal fluid, positive correlations were observed between CE and ACAT1 levels, as well as between ACAT1/CE and Ki67.
Conclusions
ACAT1 and CE accumulation may be linked to the aggressive potential of EOC; therefore, these mediators may be useful biomarkers for EOC prognosis and target-specific treatments.
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Yano H, Fujiwara Y, Hasita H, Pan C, Kai K, Niino D, Ohsawa K, Higashi M, Nosaka K, Okuno Y, Tamaru JI, Mukasa A, Matsuoka M, Komohara Y. Blocking cholesterol efflux mechanism is a potential target for anti-lymphoma therapy. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:2129-2143. [PMID: 35343027 PMCID: PMC9207360 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential plasma membrane lipid for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and cancer cell proliferation. Free cholesterol is harmful to cells; therefore, excessive free cholesterol must be quickly esterified by acetyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acetyltransferase (ACAT) and exported by scavenger receptor class B member I (SR-BI) or ATP-binding cassette protein A1 (ABCA1) from specific cells such as macrophage foam cells, which contain cholesteryl ester-derived vacuoles. Many vacuoles are present in the cytoplasm of Burkitt's lymphoma cells. In this study, we observed that these "vacuoles" are often seen in high-grade lymphomas. Cell culture study using lymphoma cell lines found that esterified cholesterol is the main component of these "vacuoles." and the expression of cholesterol metabolism-related molecules was significantly upregulated in lymphoma cell lines, with SR-BI and ACAT inhibitors (BLT-1 and CI-976, respectively) impeding lymphoma cell proliferation. Cytoplasmic free cholesterol was increased by ACAT and SR-BI inhibitors, and the accumulation of free cholesterol induced lymphoma cell apoptosis via inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Furthermore, synergistic effects of SR-BI and ACAT inhibitors were observed in a preclinical study. SR-BI inhibitor administration suppressed lymphoma progression in a tumor-bearing mouse model, whereas ACAT inhibitor did not. Therefore, SR-BI inhibitors are potential new antilymphoma therapeutics that target cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromu Yano
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yukio Fujiwara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Horlad Hasita
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Chang Pan
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Keitaro Kai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Daisuke Niino
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi, Kitakyushu, 101-0048, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ohsawa
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1981 Kamoda, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama, 350-8550, Japan
| | - Morihiro Higashi
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1981 Kamoda, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama, 350-8550, Japan
| | - Kisato Nosaka
- Department of Hematology, Rhaumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yutaka Okuno
- Department of Hematology, Rhaumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Tamaru
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1981 Kamoda, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama, 350-8550, Japan
| | - Akitake Mukasa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masao Matsuoka
- Department of Hematology, Rhaumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
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6
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Websdale A, Kiew Y, Chalmers P, Chen X, Cioccoloni G, Hughes TA, Luo X, Mwarzi R, Poirot M, Røberg-Larsen H, Wu R, Xu M, Zulyniak MA, Thorne JL. Pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of cholesterol esterification enzymes reduces tumour burden: A systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical models. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 196:114731. [PMID: 34407453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol esterification proteins Sterol-O acyltransferases (SOAT) 1 and 2 are emerging prognostic markers in many cancers. These enzymes utilise fatty acids conjugated to coenzyme A to esterify cholesterol. Cholesterol esterification is tightly regulated and enables formation of lipid droplets that act as storage organelles for lipid soluble vitamins and minerals, and as cholesterol reservoirs. In cancer, this provides rapid access to cholesterol to maintain continual synthesis of the plasma membrane. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we summarise the current depth of understanding of the role of this metabolic pathway in pan-cancer development. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for preclinical studies identified eight studies where cholesteryl ester concentrations were compared between tumour and adjacent-normal tissue, and 24 studies where cholesterol esterification was blocked by pharmacological or genetic approaches. Tumour tissue had a significantly greater concentration of cholesteryl esters than non-tumour tissue (p < 0.0001). Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of SOAT was associated with significantly smaller tumours of all types (p ≤ 0.002). SOAT inhibition increased tumour apoptosis (p = 0.007), CD8 + lymphocyte infiltration and cytotoxicity (p ≤ 0.05), and reduced proliferation (p = 0.0003) and metastasis (p < 0.0001). Significant risk of publication bias was found and may have contributed to a 32% overestimation of the meta-analysed effect size. Avasimibe, the most frequently used SOAT inhibitor, was effective at doses equivalent to those previously reported to be safe and tolerable in humans. This work indicates that SOAT inhibition should be explored in clinical trials as an adjunct to existing anti-neoplastic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Websdale
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Yi Kiew
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Philip Chalmers
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Xinyu Chen
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Giorgia Cioccoloni
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Xinyu Luo
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Rufaro Mwarzi
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Marc Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Ruoying Wu
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Mengfan Xu
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Michael A Zulyniak
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - James L Thorne
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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7
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Karimi N, Karami Tehrani FS. Expression of SR-B1 receptor in breast cancer cell lines, MDAMB-468 and MCF-7: Effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:1069-1077. [PMID: 34804424 PMCID: PMC8591767 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.56752.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is necessary for proliferation of several cells. The growth of many kinds of cells, such as breast cancer cells (BCC) is motivated by HDL. Cellular uptake of cholesterol from HDL which increases cell growth is facilitated by scavenger receptors of the B class (SR-BI). The proliferative effect of HDL might be mediated by this receptor. It is also believed that HDL has an anti-apoptotic effect on various cell types and promotes cell growth. This study was designed to investigate SR-BI expression, proliferation and apoptotic effect of HDL on human BCC lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468. MATERIALS AND METHODS Real-time-PCR method was used to evaluate expression of SR-BI, and cholesterol concentration was measured using a cholesterol assay kits (Pars AZ moon, Karaj, Iran). Cell viability was assessed using the MTT test. To identify cell apoptosis, the annexin V-FITC staining test and caspase-9 activity assay were applied. RESULTS Treatment of both cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-468) with HDL results in augmentation of SR-BI mRNA expression and also elevation of the intracellular cholesterol (P<0.01). HDL induced cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and prevented activation of caspase-9 (P<0.05). We also demonstrated that inhibition of SR-B1 by BLT-1 could reduce cell proliferation, and induction of SR-B1 receptor by quercetin increased HDL-induced proliferation in both cell lines (P<0.05). CONCLUSION It can be concluded that alteration in HDL levels by SR-B1 activator (Quercetin) or inhibitor (BLT-1) may affect BCC growth and apoptosis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neamat Karimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cancer Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Soghra Karami Tehrani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cancer Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Dai C, Charlestin V, Wang M, Walker ZT, Miranda-Vergara MC, Facchine BA, Wu J, Kaliney WJ, Dovichi NJ, Li J, Littlepage LE. Aquaporin-7 Regulates the Response to Cellular Stress in Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2020; 80:4071-4086. [PMID: 32631905 PMCID: PMC7899076 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The complex yet interrelated connections between cancer metabolism, gene expression, and oncogenic driver genes have the potential to identify novel biomarkers and drug targets with prognostic and therapeutic value. Here we effectively integrated metabolomics and gene expression data from breast cancer mouse models through a novel unbiased correlation-based network analysis. This approach identified 35 metabolite and 34 gene hubs with the most network correlations. These hubs have prognostic value and are likely integral to tumor metabolism and breast cancer. The gene hub Aquaporin-7 (Aqp7), a water and glycerol channel, was identified as a novel regulator of breast cancer. AQP7 was prognostic of overall survival in patients with breast cancer. In mouse breast cancer models, reduced expression of Aqp7 caused reduced primary tumor burden and lung metastasis. Metabolomics and complex lipid profiling of cells and tumors with reduced Aqp7 revealed significantly altered lipid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and urea/arginine metabolism compared with controls. These data identify AQP7 as a critical regulator of metabolic and signaling responses to environmental cellular stresses in breast cancer, highlighting AQP7 as a potential cancer-specific therapeutic vulnerability. SIGNIFICANCE: Aquaporin-7 is identified as a critical regulator of nutrient availability and signaling that responds to cellular stresses, making it an attractive therapeutic target in breast cancer. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/80/19/4071/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Verodia Charlestin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Man Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Zachary T Walker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Maria Cristina Miranda-Vergara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Beth A Facchine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Junmin Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, Indiana
| | | | - Norman J Dovichi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Jun Li
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, Indiana
- Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Laurie E Littlepage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana.
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, Indiana
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9
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Ben Hassen C, Gutierrez-Pajares JL, Guimaraes C, Guibon R, Pinault M, Fromont G, Frank PG. Apolipoprotein-mediated regulation of lipid metabolism induces distinctive effects in different types of breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:38. [PMID: 32321558 PMCID: PMC7178965 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-01276-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The highest incidence of breast cancer is in the Western world. Several aspects of the Western lifestyle are known risk factors for breast cancer. In particular, previous studies have shown that cholesterol levels can play an important role in the regulation of tumor progression. METHODS In the present study, we modulated cholesterol metabolism in the human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 using a genetic approach. Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and apolipoprotein E (apoE) were expressed in these cell lines to modulate cholesterol metabolism. The effects of these apolipoproteins on cancer cell properties were examined. RESULTS Our results show that both apolipoproteins can regulate cholesterol metabolism and can control the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition process. However, these effects were different depending on the cell type. We show that expressing apoA-I or apoE stimulates proliferation, migration, and tumor growth of MCF-7 cells. However, apoA-I or apoE reduces proliferation and migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that modulating sterol metabolism may be most effective at limiting tumor progression in models of triple-negative cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roseline Guibon
- INSERM N2C UMR1069, University of Tours, 37032, Tours, France
- Department of Pathology, CHRU Tours-University of Tours, Tours, 37032, France
| | | | - Gaëlle Fromont
- INSERM N2C UMR1069, University of Tours, 37032, Tours, France
- Department of Pathology, CHRU Tours-University of Tours, Tours, 37032, France
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10
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Ayyagari VN, Wang X, Diaz-Sylvester PL, Groesch K, Brard L. Assessment of acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT-1) role in ovarian cancer progression-An in vitro study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228024. [PMID: 31978092 PMCID: PMC6980601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal accumulation of acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT-1) mediated cholesterol ester has been shown to contribute to cancer progression in various cancers including leukemia, glioma, breast, pancreatic and prostate cancers. However, the significance of ACAT-1 and cholesterol esters (CE) is relatively understudied in ovarian cancer. In this in vitro study, we assessed the expression and contribution of ACAT-1 in ovarian cancer progression. We observed a significant increase in the expression of ACAT-1 and CE levels in a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines (OC-314, SKOV-3 and IGROV-1) compared to primary ovarian epithelial cells (normal controls). To confirm the tumor promoting capacity of ACAT-1, we inhibited ACAT-1 expression and activity by treating our cell lines with an ACAT inhibitor, avasimibe, or by stable transfection with ACAT-1 specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA). We observed significant suppression of cell proliferation, migration and invasion in ACAT-1 knockdown ovarian cancer cell lines compared to their respective controls (cell lines transfected with scrambled shRNA). ACAT-1 inhibition enhanced apoptosis with a concurrent increase in caspases 3/7 activity and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. Increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) coupled with increased expression of p53 may be the mechanism(s) underlying pro-apoptotic action of ACAT-1 inhibition. Additionally, ACAT-1 inhibited ovarian cancer cell lines displayed enhanced chemosensitivity to cisplatin treatment. These results suggest ACAT-1 may be a potential new target for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayalakshmi N. Ayyagari
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States America
| | - Xinjia Wang
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States America
| | - Paula L. Diaz-Sylvester
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States America
- Center for Clinical Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States America
| | - Kathleen Groesch
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States America
- Center for Clinical Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States America
| | - Laurent Brard
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States America
- Simmons Cancer Institute at Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Blücher C, Zilberfain C, Venus T, Spindler N, Dietrich A, Burkhardt R, Stadler SC, Estrela-Lopis I. Single cell study of adipose tissue mediated lipid droplet formation and biochemical alterations in breast cancer cells. Analyst 2020; 144:5558-5570. [PMID: 31408068 DOI: 10.1039/c9an00816k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a known risk factor for breast cancer and a negative prognostic factor for cancer recurrence and survival. Several studies demonstrated that aggressive breast tumor cells contain higher numbers of intracellular lipid droplets (LDs). Here we applied simultaneous visualization, identification and quantification of the lipid accumulation in lipid droplets (LDs) of aggressive, human triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells treated with adipose tissue-conditioned medium (ACM) derived from overweight and obese patients. In addition to Oil Red O and AdipoRed fluorescent staining, label-free confocal Raman microspectroscopy (CRM) has been applied. CRM enables imaging of cell compartments as well as quantification and monitoring of specific biomolecules and metabolic processes on a single cell level. Interestingly, breast cancer cells incubated with ACM showed a significantly higher number of intracellular LDs. Cultivation of breast tumor cells with ACM of obese patients induced the formation of LDs with a 20-fold higher lipid concentration than cultivation with basal medium. This is in line with the significantly higher levels of NEFAs (non-esterified fatty acids) detected in the ACM obtained from obese patient compared to ACM obtained from overweight patients or basal medium. Further, by principal component analysis, we identified a significant increase in unsaturation, esterification and lipid to protein ratio in LDs in breast cancer cells incubated with ACM. CRM analyses might function as a valuable diagnostic tool to identify metabolic alterations in biological samples which in turn could provide more detailed insights in the pathogenesis of breast cancer in association with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Blücher
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany.
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12
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Yang J, Wang L, Jia R. Role of de novo cholesterol synthesis enzymes in cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:1761-1767. [PMID: 32194787 PMCID: PMC7052851 DOI: 10.7150/jca.38598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research in the cancer field, cancer remains one of the most prevalent diseases. There is an urgent need to identify specific targets that are safe and effective for the treatment of cancer. In recent years, cancer metabolism has come into the spotlight in cancer research. Lipid metabolism, especially cholesterol metabolism, plays a critical role in membrane synthesis as well as lipid signaling in cancer. This review focuses on the contribution of the de novo cholesterol synthesis pathway to tumorigenesis, cancer progression and metastasis. In conclusion, cholesterol metabolism could be an effective target for novel anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
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13
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Börtlein C, Schumacher F, Kleuser B, Dölken L, Avota E. Role of Neutral Sphingomyelinase-2 (NSM 2) in the Control of T Cell Plasma Membrane Lipid Composition and Cholesterol Homeostasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:226. [PMID: 31681760 PMCID: PMC6803391 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of neutral sphingomyelinase-2 (NSM2) to catalyze the conversion of sphingomyelin (SM) to ceramide and phosphocholine at the cytosolic leaflet of plasma membrane (PM) is important in T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. We recently identified PKCζ as a major NSM2 downstream effector which regulates microtubular polarization. It remained, however, unclear to what extent NSM2 activity affected overall composition of PM lipids and downstream effector lipids in antigen stimulated T cells. Here, we provide a detailed lipidomics analyses on PM fractions isolated from TCR stimulated wild type and NSM2 deficient (ΔNSM) Jurkat T cells. This revealed that in addition to that of sphingolipids, NSM2 depletion also affected concentrations of many other lipids. In particular, NSM2 ablation resulted in increase of lyso-phosphatidylcholine (LPC) and lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) which both govern PM biophysical properties. Crucially, TCR dependent upregulation of the important T cell signaling lipid diacylglycerol (DAG), which is fundamental for activation of conventional and novel PKCs, was abolished in ΔNSM cells. Moreover, NSM2 activity was found to play an important role in PM cholesterol transport to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and production of cholesteryl esters (CE) there. Most importantly, CE accumulation was essential to sustain human T cell proliferation. Accordingly, inhibition of CE generating enzymes, the cholesterol acetyltransferases ACAT1/SOAT1 and ACAT2/SOAT2, impaired TCR driven expansion of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In summary, our study reveals an important role of NSM2 in regulating T cell functions by its multiple effects on PM lipids and cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Börtlein
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Lars Dölken
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elita Avota
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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14
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Mu W, Wang Z, Zöller M. Ping-Pong-Tumor and Host in Pancreatic Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1359. [PMID: 31921628 PMCID: PMC6927459 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of high pancreatic cancer (PaCa) mortality and trials dampening PaCa mortality rates are not satisfying. Tumor progression is driven by the crosstalk between tumor cells, predominantly cancer-initiating cells (CIC), and surrounding cells and tissues as well as distant organs, where tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEX) are of major importance. A strong stroma reaction, recruitment of immunosuppressive leukocytes, perineural invasion, and early spread toward the peritoneal cavity, liver, and lung are shared with several epithelial cell-derived cancer, but are most prominent in PaCa. Here, we report on the state of knowledge on the PaCIC markers Tspan8, alpha6beta4, CD44v6, CXCR4, LRP5/6, LRG5, claudin7, EpCAM, and CD133, which all, but at different steps, are engaged in the metastatic cascade, frequently via PaCIC-TEX. This includes the contribution of PaCIC markers to TEX biogenesis, targeting, and uptake. We then discuss PaCa-selective features, where feedback loops between stromal elements and tumor cells, including distorted transcription, signal transduction, and metabolic shifts, establish vicious circles. For the latter particularly pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) are responsible, furnishing PaCa to cope with poor angiogenesis-promoted hypoxia by metabolic shifts and direct nutrient transfer via vesicles. Furthermore, nerves including Schwann cells deliver a large range of tumor cell attracting factors and Schwann cells additionally support PaCa cell survival by signaling receptor binding. PSC, tumor-associated macrophages, and components of the dysplastic stroma contribute to perineural invasion with signaling pathway activation including the cholinergic system. Last, PaCa aggressiveness is strongly assisted by the immune system. Although rich in immune cells, only immunosuppressive cells and factors are recovered in proximity to tumor cells and hamper effector immune cells entering the tumor stroma. Besides a paucity of immunostimulatory factors and receptors, immunosuppressive cytokines, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, regulatory T-cells, and M2 macrophages as well as PSC actively inhibit effector cell activation. This accounts for NK cells of the non-adaptive and cytotoxic T-cells of the adaptive immune system. We anticipate further deciphering the molecular background of these recently unraveled intermingled phenomena may turn most lethal PaCa into a curatively treatable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Mu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Mu
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong, Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Margot Zöller
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong, Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Chen X, Liang H, Song Q, Xu X, Cao D. Insulin promotes progression of colon cancer by upregulation of ACAT1. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:122. [PMID: 29793481 PMCID: PMC5968618 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0773-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin resistant and the progression of cancer is closely related. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of insulin on the proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells and its underlying mechanism. Methods Colon carcinoma tissues from the 80 cases of colon cancer patients were collected. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of acyl coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase1 (ACAT1), and we analyzed the correlation between hyperglycemia and ACAT1, hyperglycemia and metastasis. CCK8 assay and transwell assay were used to investigate the effect of different concentrations of insulin and ACAT1siRNA on human colon cancer cell line HT-29. ACAT1 mRNA expression and protein level in HT-29 cells were determined by real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting, respectively. Results Biopsies from patients with colon carcinoma showed hyperglycemia links ACAT1, lymph nodes metastasis and distant metastasis. Insulin markedly promoted cell proliferation and migration in human colon cancer HT-29 cells. Moreover, ACAT1mRNA expression and protein level were increased by insulin. ACAT1siRNA resulted in a complete inhibition of the ACAT1 mRNA expression. Consequently insulin-triggered cell proliferation and migration on colon cancer cells were inhibited. Conclusion The progression of colon cancer has a positive correlation with hyperinsulinemia. Insulin-triggered cell proliferation and metastatic effects on colorectal cancer cells are mediated by ACAT1. Therefore, insulin could promote colon cancer progression by upregulation of ACAT1, which maybe is a potential therapeutic target for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huiling Liang
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qibin Song
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dedong Cao
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
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16
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Cirmena G, Franceschelli P, Isnaldi E, Ferrando L, De Mariano M, Ballestrero A, Zoppoli G. Squalene epoxidase as a promising metabolic target in cancer treatment. Cancer Lett 2018; 425:13-20. [PMID: 29596888 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic alteration of the cholesterol synthesis pathway is a recognized mechanism of metabolic adaptation. In the present review, we focus on squalene epoxidase (SE), one of the two rate-limiting enzymes in cholesterol synthesis, retracing its history since its discovery as an antimycotic target to its description as an emerging metabolic oncogene by amplification with clinical relevance in cancer. We review the published literature assessing the association between SE over-expression and poor prognosis in this disease. We assess the works demonstrating how SE promotes tumor cell proliferation and migration, and displaying evidence of cancer cell demise in presence of human SE inhibitors in in vitro and in vivo models. Taken together, robust scientific evidence has by now accumulated pointing out SE as a promising novel therapeutic target in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alberto Ballestrero
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy; Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Zoppoli
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy; Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
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17
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Wang J, Tan M, Ge J, Zhang P, Zhong J, Tao L, Wang Q, Tong X, Qiu J. Lysosomal acid lipase promotes cholesterol ester metabolism and drives clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression. Cell Prolif 2018; 51:e12452. [PMID: 29569766 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is characterized histologically by accumulation of cholesterol esters, cholesterol and other neutral lipids. Lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) is a critical enzyme involved in the cholesterol ester metabolism. Here, we sought to determine whether LAL could orchestrate metabolism of cholesterol esters in order to promote ccRCC progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR and western blots were conducted to assess the expression of LAL in human ccRCC tissues. We analysed the relationship between LAL levels and patient survival using tissue microarrays. We used cell proliferation assays, colony formation assays, cell death assays, metabolic assays and xenograft tumour models to evaluate the biological function and underlying mechanisms. RESULTS LAL was up-regulated in ccRCC tissue. Tissue microarray analysis revealed higher levels of LAL in advanced grades of ccRCC, and high LAL expression indicated lower patient survival. Suppressing LAL expression not only blocked the utilization of cholesterol esters but also impaired proliferation and cellular survival. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry staining showed that LAL expression was correlated with Akt phosphorylation. Suppressing LAL expression decreased the phosphorylation level of Akt and Src and reduced the level of 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids in ccRCC cells. Supplement of 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids rescued proliferation in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS LAL promoted cell proliferation and survival via metabolism of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and activation of the Src/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyue Tan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jifu Ge
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Tao
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuemei Tong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxin Qiu
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Cholesterol esterification inhibition and gemcitabine synergistically suppress pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma proliferation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193318. [PMID: 29489864 PMCID: PMC5831104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances have recognized metabolic reprogramming as an underlying mechanism for cancer drug resistance. However, the role of cholesterol metabolism in drug resistance remain elusive. Herein, we report an increased accumulation of cholesteryl ester in gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. A potent inhibitor of acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT-1), avasimibe, effectively suppressed proliferation of gemcitabine-resistant PDAC cells. Combination of avasimibe and gemcitabine showed strong synergistic effect in suppressing PDAC cell viability in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Immunoblotting analysis suggests downregulation of Akt by avasimibe is likely to contribute to the synergism. Collectively, our study demonstrates a new combinational therapeutic strategy to overcome gemcitabine resistance for PDAC treatment.
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19
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Bryonolic Acid Blocks Cancer Cell Clonogenicity and Invasiveness through the Inhibition of Fatty Acid: Cholesteryl Ester Formation. Biomedicines 2018; 6:biomedicines6010021. [PMID: 29439506 PMCID: PMC5874678 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bryonolic acid (BrA) is a pentacyclic triterpene present in several plants used in African traditional medicine such as Anisophyllea dichostyla R. Br. Here we investigated the in vitro anticancer properties of BrA. We report that BrA inhibits acyl-coA: cholesterol acyl transferase (ACAT) activity in rat liver microsomes in a concentration-dependent manner, blocking the biosynthesis of the cholesterol fatty acid ester tumour promoter. We next demonstrated that BrA inhibits ACAT in intact cancer cells with an IC50 of 12.6 ± 2.4 µM. BrA inhibited both clonogenicity and invasiveness of several cancer cell lines, establishing that BrA displays specific anticancer properties. BrA appears to be more potent than the other pentacyclic triterpenes, betulinic acid and ursolic acid studied under similar conditions. The inhibitory effect of BrA was reversed by exogenous addition of cholesteryl oleate, showing that ACAT inhibition is responsible for the anticancer effect of BrA. This report reveals new anticancer properties for BrA.
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20
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Leignadier J, Dalenc F, Poirot M, Silvente-Poirot S. Improving the efficacy of hormone therapy in breast cancer: The role of cholesterol metabolism in SERM-mediated autophagy, cell differentiation and death. Biochem Pharmacol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.06.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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21
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Chen X, Song Q, Xia L, Xu X. Synergy of Dendritic Cell Vaccines and Avasimibe in Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer in Mice. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:4471-4476. [PMID: 28918429 PMCID: PMC5614335 DOI: 10.12659/msm.905814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main purpose of this study was to explore the antitumor effect and mechanisms of ACAT1 inhibitor combined with CSCs-DC vaccine. MATERIAL AND METHODS We isolated HNSCC CSCs and gained CSCs antigens, then used CSCs antigens to load dendritic cells (DC) and generated a CSCs-DC vaccine. We treated mice after surgical excision of established SCC7 tumors with CSCs-DC vaccine and/or ACAT1 inhibitor, and recorded local tumor relapse and host survival. T cells and B cells were harvested from mice treated with CSCs-DC vaccine and/or ACAT1 inhibitor. We tested antibody production and the death rate of CSCs killed by T cells. RESULTS The tumors in the combined treatment group were smaller than in all other groups (P<0.01). The average survival time of the combined treatment group was 82 days and was the longest of all groups. Analysis of IgG levels secreted by B cell and CTL activity in spleens of mice found that results of the combined treatment group were the highest, and the results of the CSCs-DC group were lower than in the combined treatment group. The ACAT1 inhibitor group results were lower than in the CSCs-DC group and the combined treatment group results, but higher than in the PBS group, and the difference was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS ACAT1 inhibitor enhanced the therapeutic effect of CSCs-DC vaccine in the treatment of the mouse HNSCC postoperative recurrence model. ACAT1 may play an important role in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Qibin Song
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Leiming Xia
- Departmentof Hematology and Oncology, No. 1 People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Ximing Xu
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
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Guaita-Esteruelas S, Saavedra-García P, Bosquet A, Borràs J, Girona J, Amiliano K, Rodríguez-Balada M, Heras M, Masana L, Gumà J. Adipose-Derived Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins Plasma Concentrations Are Increased in Breast Cancer Patients. Oncologist 2017; 22:1309-1315. [PMID: 28701570 PMCID: PMC5679823 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2016-0483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating FABP4 and FABP5 may be a biomarker for breast cancer. This article focuses on the association of FABP4 and FABP5 plasma levels with the presence of breast cancer. Background. Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that could play a role in tumor progression via its secreted adipokines. The role of adipose‐derived fatty acid‐binding protein (FABP) 4 and FABP5 in breast cancer is presently under study, but their circulating levels in this pathology are poorly known. We analyzed the blood concentrations of FABP4 and FABP5 in breast cancer patients to determine whether there is an association between them and breast cancer. Materials and Methods. We studied 294 women in the oncology department with a family history of breast cancer; 198 of the women had breast cancer, and 96 were healthy controls. The levels of FABP4, FABP5, lipid profile, standard biochemical parameter, and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) were determined. We analyzed the association of FABP4 and FABP5 with breast cancer, while adjusting for demographic, anthropometric, and biochemical parameters. Results. Breast cancer patients had a 24.8% (p < .0001) and 11.4% (p < .05) higher blood concentration of FABP4 and FABP5, respectively. Fatty acid‐binding protein 4 was positively associated with age, body mass index (BMI), FABP5, very‐low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDLc), non‐high‐density lipoprote in cholesterol (non‐HDLc), Apolipoprotein B 100 (ApoB100), triglycerides, glycerol, glucose, and hsCRP (p < .05), and was negatively associated with HDLc (p < .005) in breast cancer patients. Fatty acid‐binding protein 5 was positively associated with BMI, FABP4, VLDLc, triglycerides, glycerol, and hsCRP (p < .05), and was negatively associated with HDLc and Apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) (p < .05) in breast cancer patients. Using a logistic regression analysis and adjusting for age, BMI, hsCRP, non‐HDLc, and triglycerides, FABP4 was independently associated with breast cancer (odds ratio [OR]: 1.091 [95% CI: 1.037–1.149]). Moreover, total cholesterol, VLDLc, non‐HDLc, ApoB100, triglycerides, and hsCRP were significantly increased in breast cancer patients (p < .005). In contrast, the non‐esterified fatty acids concentrations were significantly decreased in breast cancer patients (p < .05). Conclusion. Circulating FABP4 and FABP5 levels were increased in breast cancer patients compared with controls. The positive association of FABP4 with breast cancer was maintained after adjusting for important covariates, while the association with FABP5 was lost. Our data reinforce the role of adipose tissue and their adipokines in breast cancer. Despite these data, further studies must be performed to better explain the prognosis or diagnostic value of these blood parameters and their possible role in breast cancer. Implications for Practice. We focus on the effect of adipose tissue on cancer, which is increasingly recognized. The association between adipocyte‐derived adipokines and breast cancer opens new diagnosis and therapy perspectives. In this study, we provide original data concerning FABP4 and FABP5 plasma concentrations in breast cancer patients. Compared to control group, breast cancer patients show higher FABP4 and FABP5 blood levels. Our data suggest that, particularly, circulating FABP4 levels could be considered a new independent breast cancer biomarker. Our work translates basic science data to clinic linking the relationship between adipose tissue and lipid metabolism to breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Guaita-Esteruelas
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Centre d'R+D+I en Nutrició i Salut, Avda. de la Universitat, Reus, Spain
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Oncologia de la Catalunya Sud (IOCS), Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. del Dr. Josep Laporte, Reus, Spain
| | - Paula Saavedra-García
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç, Reus, Spain
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alba Bosquet
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Centre d'R+D+I en Nutrició i Salut, Avda. de la Universitat, Reus, Spain
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç, Reus, Spain
| | - Joan Borràs
- Institut d'Oncologia de la Catalunya Sud (IOCS), Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. del Dr. Josep Laporte, Reus, Spain
| | - Josefa Girona
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç, Reus, Spain
| | - Kepa Amiliano
- Institut d'Oncologia de la Catalunya Sud (IOCS), Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. del Dr. Josep Laporte, Reus, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Balada
- Institut d'Oncologia de la Catalunya Sud (IOCS), Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. del Dr. Josep Laporte, Reus, Spain
| | - Mercedes Heras
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç, Reus, Spain
| | - Luís Masana
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç, Reus, Spain
| | - Josep Gumà
- Institut d'Oncologia de la Catalunya Sud (IOCS), Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. del Dr. Josep Laporte, Reus, Spain
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Bilal M, Bilal M, Tabassum S, Saleem M, Mahmood H, Sarwar U, Bangush H, Munir F, Aslam Zia M, Ahmed M, Shahzada S, Ullah Khan E. Optical Screening of Female Breast Cancer from Whole Blood Using Raman Spectroscopy. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 71:1004-1013. [PMID: 27634888 DOI: 10.1177/0003702816667516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study is intended to develop a screening method for female breast cancer (BRC) from whole blood using Raman spectroscopy. A multivariate partial least squares (PLS) regression model is developed which is based upon Raman spectra of BRC-positive and healthy participants. It yields coefficients of regression at the corresponding Raman shifts. These coefficients represent the changes in molecular structures which are associated with the progress of disease. The present study pointed out some specific molecules which differentiated BRC-positive and healthy groups. In the BRC-positive group, a rising trend of calcium oxalate, calcium hydroxyapatite, phosphatidylserine and qunoid ring, and a lowering trend of tryptophan, tyrosine, and proline were observed in PLS-based coefficients of regression. The R-square value of the model was found to be 0.987, which is accepted clinically. The model was tested for the prediction of 50 randomly collected samples at a cutoff value of 0.5 with the gray region defined in the range of 0.4-0.6. Goodness of fit was estimated using accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and area under ROC curve. All of these parameters were found to be very promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bilal
- 1 National Institute of Lasers and Optronics, Lehtrar road, Islamabad, Pakistan
- 2 Deptartment of Physics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- 1 National Institute of Lasers and Optronics, Lehtrar road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Tabassum
- 3 Department of Bioinformatics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- 1 National Institute of Lasers and Optronics, Lehtrar road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Humera Mahmood
- 4 Department of Oncology, NORI Hospital Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Usama Sarwar
- 3 Department of Bioinformatics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hina Bangush
- 3 Department of Bioinformatics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Munir
- 3 Department of Bioinformatics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aslam Zia
- 1 National Institute of Lasers and Optronics, Lehtrar road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmed
- 1 National Institute of Lasers and Optronics, Lehtrar road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shaista Shahzada
- 2 Deptartment of Physics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ehsan Ullah Khan
- 2 Deptartment of Physics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- 5 Department of Physics, Muslim Youth University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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24
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Geng F, Cheng X, Wu X, Yoo JY, Cheng C, Guo JY, Mo X, Ru P, Hurwitz B, Kim SH, Otero J, Puduvalli V, Lefai E, Ma J, Nakano I, Horbinski C, Kaur B, Chakravarti A, Guo D. Inhibition of SOAT1 Suppresses Glioblastoma Growth via Blocking SREBP-1-Mediated Lipogenesis. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:5337-5348. [PMID: 27281560 PMCID: PMC5093025 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Elevated lipogenesis regulated by sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), a transcription factor playing a central role in lipid metabolism, is a novel characteristic of glioblastoma (GBM). The aim of this study was to identify effective approaches to suppress GBM growth by inhibition of SREBP-1. As SREBP activation is negatively regulated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cholesterol, we sought to determine whether suppression of sterol O-acyltransferase (SOAT), a key enzyme converting ER cholesterol to cholesterol esters (CE) to store in lipid droplets (LDs), effectively suppressed SREBP-1 and blocked GBM growth. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The presence of LDs in glioma patient tumor tissues was analyzed using immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and electronic microscopy. Western blotting and real-time PCR were performed to analyze protein levels and gene expression of GBM cells, respectively. Intracranial GBM xenografts were used to determine the effects of genetically silencing SOAT1 and SREBP-1 on tumor growth. RESULTS Our study unraveled that cholesterol esterification and LD formation are signature of GBM, and human patients with glioma possess elevated LDs that correlate with GBM progression and poor survival. We revealed that SOAT1 is highly expressed in GBM and functions as a key player in controlling the cholesterol esterification and storage in GBM. Targeting SOAT1 suppresses GBM growth and prolongs survival in xenograft models via inhibition of SREBP-1-regulated lipid synthesis. CONCLUSIONS Cholesterol esterification and storage in LDs are novel characteristics of GBM, and inhibiting SOAT1 to block cholesterol esterification is a promising therapeutic strategy to treat GBM by suppressing SREBP-1. Clin Cancer Res; 22(21); 5337-48. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Geng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur G James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur G James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Xiaoning Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur G James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ji Young Yoo
- Department of Neurosurgery, James Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur G James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Chunming Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur G James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey Yunhua Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur G James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Xiaokui Mo
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, James Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur G James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Peng Ru
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur G James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Brian Hurwitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, James Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur G James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sung-Hak Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery at University Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jose Otero
- Department of Pathology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur G James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Vinay Puduvalli
- Department of Neurosurgery, James Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur G James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Etienne Lefai
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA 1397, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, University de Lyon, Oullins, France
| | - Jianjie Ma
- Department of Surgery, James Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur G James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ichiro Nakano
- Department of Neurosurgery at University Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Departments of Pathology and Neurosurgery at Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Balveen Kaur
- Department of Neurosurgery, James Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur G James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Arnab Chakravarti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur G James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Deliang Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur G James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
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25
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Shoji A, Ikeya K, Aoyagi M, Takatsuji R, Yanagida A, Shibusawa Y, Sugawara M. Monitoring of cholesterol oxidation in a lipid bilayer membrane using streptolysin O as a sensing and signal transduction element. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 128:455-461. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Deng L, Xiong P, Luo Y, Bu X, Qian S, Zhong W. Bioinformatics analysis of the molecular mechanism of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2524-2530. [PMID: 27698822 PMCID: PMC5038193 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to elucidate key molecular mechanisms in the progression of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG). The gene expression profile GSE50021, which consisted of 35 pediatric DIPG samples and 10 normal brain samples, was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) in the pediatric DIPG samples were identified. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Reactome pathways of DEGs were enriched and analyzed. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the DEGs was constructed and functional modules of the PPI network were disclosed using ClusterONE. A total of 679 DEGs (454 up- and 225 downregulated) were identified in the pediatric DIPG samples. DEGs were significantly enriched in various GO terms, and KEGG and Reactome pathways. The PPI network of upregulated (153 nodes and 298 connections) and downregulated (71 nodes and 124 connections) DEGs, and two crucial modules, were obtained. Downregulated genes in module 2, such as cholecystokinin (CCK), gastrin (GAST), adenylate cyclase 2 (brain) (ADCY2) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 7 (HTR7), were significantly enriched in the calcium signaling pathway, the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway and in GO terms, such as the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathway, while upregulated genes in module 1 were not enriched in any pathways or GO terms. CCK and GAST associated with the GPCR signaling pathway, HTR7 enriched in the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, and ADCY2 and HTR7 involved in the calcium signaling pathway may be key mechanisms playing crucial roles in the development and progression of DIPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Great Wall Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, 94th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Nanchang, Jiangxi 30002, P.R. China
| | - Pengju Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Great Wall Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, 94th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Nanchang, Jiangxi 30002, P.R. China
| | - Yunhui Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Great Wall Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, 94th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Nanchang, Jiangxi 30002, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Bu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Great Wall Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, 94th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Nanchang, Jiangxi 30002, P.R. China
| | - Suokai Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Great Wall Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, 94th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Nanchang, Jiangxi 30002, P.R. China
| | - Wuzhao Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Great Wall Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, 94th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Nanchang, Jiangxi 30002, P.R. China
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Rárová L, Steigerová J, Kvasnica M, Bartůněk P, Křížová K, Chodounská H, Kolář Z, Sedlák D, Oklestkova J, Strnad M. Structure activity relationship studies on cytotoxicity and the effects on steroid receptors of AB-functionalized cholestanes. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 159:154-69. [PMID: 26976651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationship analysis and profiling of a library of AB-functionalized cholestane derivatives closely related to brassinosteroids (BRs) were performed to examine their antiproliferative activities and activities on steroid hormone receptors. Some of the compounds were found to have strong cytotoxic activity in several human normal and cancer cell lines. The presence of a 3-hydroxy or 3-oxo group and 2,3-vicinal diol or 3,4-vicinal diol moiety were found to be necessary for optimum biological activity, as well as a six-membered B ring. According to the profiling of all steroid receptors in both agonist and antagonist mode, the majority of the cholestanes were weakly active or inactive compared to the natural ligands. Estrogenic activity was detected for two compounds, two compounds possessed antagonistic properties on estrogen receptors and seven compounds showed agonistic activity. Two active cholestane derivatives were shown to strongly influence cell viability, proliferation, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis and molecular pathways responsible for these processes in hormone-sensitive/insensitive (MCF7/MDA-MB-468) breast cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Rárová
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Steigerová
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Institute of Molecular and Translation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and Faculty Hospital in Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Kvasnica
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Bartůněk
- CZ-OPENSCREEN: National Infrastructure for Chemical Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Praha 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Kateřina Křížová
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Institute of Molecular and Translation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and Faculty Hospital in Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Chodounská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdeněk Kolář
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - David Sedlák
- CZ-OPENSCREEN: National Infrastructure for Chemical Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Praha 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Oklestkova
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Lloyd SM, Arnold J, Sreekumar A. Metabolomic profiling of hormone-dependent cancers: a bird's eye view. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2015; 26:477-85. [PMID: 26242817 PMCID: PMC4560106 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hormone-dependent cancers present a significant public health challenge, because they are among the most common cancers in the world. One factor associated with cancer development and progression is metabolic reprogramming. By understanding these alterations, we can identify potential markers and novel biochemical therapeutic targets. Metabolic profiling is an advanced technology that allows investigators to assess low-molecular-weight compounds that reflect physiological alterations. Current research in metabolomics on prostate (PCa) and breast cancer (BCa) have made great strides in uncovering specific metabolic pathways that are associated with cancer development, progression, and resistance. In this review, we highlight some of the major findings and potential therapeutic advances that have been reported utilizing this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy M Lloyd
- Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James Arnold
- Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Arun Sreekumar
- Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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29
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Tripathi S, Flobak Å, Chawla K, Baudot A, Bruland T, Thommesen L, Kuiper M, Lægreid A. The gastrin and cholecystokinin receptors mediated signaling network: a scaffold for data analysis and new hypotheses on regulatory mechanisms. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2015. [PMID: 26205660 PMCID: PMC4513977 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-015-0181-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background The gastrointestinal peptide hormones cholecystokinin and gastrin exert their biological functions via cholecystokinin receptors CCK1R and CCK2R respectively. Gastrin, a central regulator of gastric acid secretion, is involved in growth and differentiation of gastric and colonic mucosa, and there is evidence that it is pro-carcinogenic. Cholecystokinin is implicated in digestion, appetite control and body weight regulation, and may play a role in several digestive disorders. Results We performed a detailed analysis of the literature reporting experimental evidence on signaling pathways triggered by CCK1R and CCK2R, in order to create a comprehensive map of gastrin and cholecystokinin-mediated intracellular signaling cascades. The resulting signaling map captures 413 reactions involving 530 molecular species, and incorporates the currently available knowledge into one integrated signaling network. The decomposition of the signaling map into sub-networks revealed 18 modules that represent higher-level structures of the signaling map. These modules allow a more compact mapping of intracellular signaling reactions to known cell behavioral outcomes such as proliferation, migration and apoptosis. The integration of large-scale protein-protein interaction data to this literature-based signaling map in combination with topological analyses allowed us to identify 70 proteins able to increase the compactness of the map. These proteins represent experimentally testable hypotheses for gaining new knowledge on gastrin- and cholecystokinin receptor signaling. The CCKR map is freely available both in a downloadable, machine-readable SBML-compatible format and as a web resource through PAYAO (http://sblab.celldesigner.org:18080/Payao11/bin/). Conclusion We have demonstrated how a literature-based CCKR signaling map together with its protein interaction extensions can be analyzed to generate new hypotheses on molecular mechanisms involved in gastrin- and cholecystokinin-mediated regulation of cellular processes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12918-015-0181-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Tripathi
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7489, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Åsmund Flobak
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7489, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Konika Chawla
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Anaïs Baudot
- I2M, Marseilles Institute of Mathematics CNRS - AMU, Case 907, 13288, Marseille, Cedex 9, France.
| | - Torunn Bruland
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7489, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Liv Thommesen
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7489, Trondheim, Norway. .,Department of Technology, Sør-Trøndelag University College, N-7004, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Martin Kuiper
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Astrid Lægreid
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7489, Trondheim, Norway. .,Institute of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7489, Trondheim, Norway.
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30
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de Gonzalo-Calvo D, López-Vilaró L, Nasarre L, Perez-Olabarria M, Vázquez T, Escuin D, Badimon L, Barnadas A, Lerma E, Llorente-Cortés V. Intratumor cholesteryl ester accumulation is associated with human breast cancer proliferation and aggressive potential: a molecular and clinicopathological study. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:460. [PMID: 26055977 PMCID: PMC4460760 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolic effect of intratumor cholesteryl ester (CE) in breast cancer remains poorly understood. The objective was to analyze the relationship between intratumor CE content and clinicopathological variables in human breast carcinomas. METHODS We classified 30 breast carcinoma samples into three subgroups: 10 luminal-A tumors (ER+/PR+/Her2-), 10 Her-2 tumors (ER-/PR-/Her2+), and 10 triple negative (TN) tumors (ER-/PR-/Her2-). We analyzed intratumor neutral CE, free cholesterol (FC) and triglyceride (TG) content by thin layer chromatography after lipid extraction. RNA and protein levels of lipid metabolism and invasion mediators were analyzed by real time PCR and Western blot analysis. RESULTS Group-wise comparisons, linear regression and logistic regression models showed a close association between CE-rich tumors and higher histologic grade, Ki-67 and tumor necrosis. CE-rich tumors displayed higher mRNA and protein levels of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SCARB1). An increased expression of acetyl-Coenzyme A acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) in CE-rich tumors was also reported. CONCLUSIONS Intratumor CE accumulation is intimately linked to proliferation and aggressive potential of breast cancer tumors. Our data support the link between intratumor CE content and poor clinical outcome and open the door to new antitumor interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David de Gonzalo-Calvo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Antoni Mª Claret, 167 08025, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Laura López-Vilaró
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Laura Nasarre
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Antoni Mª Claret, 167 08025, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Tania Vázquez
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Daniel Escuin
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Antoni Mª Claret, 167 08025, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Agusti Barnadas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain. .,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Enrique Lerma
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain. .,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Vicenta Llorente-Cortés
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Antoni Mª Claret, 167 08025, Barcelona, Spain.
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Wettersten HI, Hakimi AA, Morin D, Bianchi C, Johnstone ME, Donohoe DR, Trott JF, Aboud OA, Stirdivant S, Neri B, Wolfert R, Stewart B, Perego R, Hsieh JJ, Weiss RH. Grade-Dependent Metabolic Reprogramming in Kidney Cancer Revealed by Combined Proteomics and Metabolomics Analysis. Cancer Res 2015; 75:2541-52. [PMID: 25952651 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Kidney cancer [or renal cell carcinoma (RCC)] is known as "the internist's tumor" because it has protean systemic manifestations, suggesting that it utilizes complex, nonphysiologic metabolic pathways. Given the increasing incidence of this cancer and its lack of effective therapeutic targets, we undertook an extensive analysis of human RCC tissue employing combined grade-dependent proteomics and metabolomics analysis to determine how metabolic reprogramming occurring in this disease allows it to escape available therapeutic approaches. After validation experiments in RCC cell lines that were wild-type or mutant for the Von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor, in characterizing higher-grade tumors, we found that the Warburg effect is relatively more prominent at the expense of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative metabolism in general. Further, we found that the glutamine metabolism pathway acts to inhibit reactive oxygen species, as evidenced by an upregulated glutathione pathway, whereas the β-oxidation pathway is inhibited, leading to increased fatty acylcarnitines. In support of findings from previous urine metabolomics analyses, we also documented tryptophan catabolism associated with immune suppression, which was highly represented in RCC compared with other metabolic pathways. Together, our results offer a rationale to evaluate novel antimetabolic treatment strategies being developed in other disease settings as therapeutic strategies in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi I Wettersten
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - A Ari Hakimi
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Dexter Morin
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Cristina Bianchi
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Megan E Johnstone
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Dallas R Donohoe
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Josephine F Trott
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Omran Abu Aboud
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | | | | | | | | | - Roberto Perego
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - James J Hsieh
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Robert H Weiss
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California. Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California. Medical Service, Sacramento VA Medical Center, Sacramento, California.
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Lee SSY, Li J, Tai JN, Ratliff TL, Park K, Cheng JX. Avasimibe encapsulated in human serum albumin blocks cholesterol esterification for selective cancer treatment. ACS NANO 2015; 9:2420-32. [PMID: 25662106 PMCID: PMC5909415 DOI: 10.1021/nn504025a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Undesirable side effects remain a significant challenge in cancer chemotherapy. Here we report a strategy for cancer-selective chemotherapy by blocking acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT-1)-mediated cholesterol esterification. To efficiently block cholesterol esterification in cancer in vivo, we developed a systemically injectable nanoformulation of avasimibe (a potent ACAT-1 inhibitor), called avasimin. In cell lines of human prostate, pancreatic, lung, and colon cancer, avasimin significantly reduced cholesteryl ester storage in lipid droplets and elevated intracellular free cholesterol levels, which led to apoptosis and suppression of proliferation. In xenograft models of prostate cancer and colon cancer, intravenous administration of avasimin caused the concentration of avasimibe in tumors to be 4-fold higher than the IC50 value. Systemic treatment of avasimin notably suppressed tumor growth in mice and extended the length of survival time. No adverse effects of avasimin to normal cells and organs were observed. Together, this study provides an effective approach for selective cancer chemotherapy by targeting altered cholesterol metabolism of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Seung-Young Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Junjie Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Jien Nee Tai
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Timothy L. Ratliff
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Kinam Park
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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Danilo C, Gutierrez-Pajares JL, Mainieri MA, Mercier I, Lisanti MP, Frank PG. Scavenger receptor class B type I regulates cellular cholesterol metabolism and cell signaling associated with breast cancer development. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 15:R87. [PMID: 24060386 PMCID: PMC3978612 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous studies have identified cholesterol as an important regulator of breast cancer development. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) and its cellular receptor, the scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) have both been implicated in the regulation of cellular cholesterol homeostasis, but their functions in cancer remain to be established. Methods In the present study, we have examined the role of HDL and SR-BI in the regulation of cellular signaling pathways in breast cancer cell lines and in the development of tumor in a mouse xenograft model. Results Our data show that HDL is capable of stimulating migration and can activate signal transduction pathways in the two human breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MCF7. Furthermore, we also show that knockdown of the HDL receptor, SR-BI, attenuates HDL-induced activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein Kinase B (Akt) pathway in both cell lines. Additional investigations show that inhibition of the PI3K pathway, but not that of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, could lead to a reduction in cellular proliferation in the absence of SR-BI. Importantly, whereas the knockdown of SR-BI led to decreased proliferation and migration in vitro, it also led to a significant reduction in tumor growth in vivo. Most important, we also show that pharmacological inhibition of SR-BI can attenuate signaling and lead to decreased cellular proliferation in vitro. Taken together, our data indicate that both cholesteryl ester entry via HDL-SR-BI and Akt signaling play an essential role in the regulation of cellular proliferation and migration, and, eventually, tumor growth. Conclusions These results identify SR-BI as a potential target for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Khalifa SAM, de Medina P, Erlandsson A, El-Seedi HR, Silvente-Poirot S, Poirot M. The novel steroidal alkaloids dendrogenin A and B promote proliferation of adult neural stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 446:681-6. [PMID: 24406163 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.12.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dendrogenin A (DDA) and dendrogenin B (DDB) are new aminoalkyl oxysterols which display re-differentiation of tumor cells of neuronal origin at nanomolar concentrations. We analyzed the influence of dendrogenins on adult mice neural stem cell proliferation, sphere formation and differentiation. DDA and DDB were found to have potent proliferative effects in neural stem cells. Additionally, they induce neuronal outgrowth from neurospheres during in vitro cultivation. Taken together, our results demonstrate a novel role for dendrogenins A and B in neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation which further increases their likely importance to compensate for neuronal cell loss in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippe de Medina
- Affichem, Toulouse, France; INSERM UMR 1037, Team "Sterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations in Oncology", Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, F-31052 Toulouse, France
| | - Anna Erlandsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sandrine Silvente-Poirot
- INSERM UMR 1037, Team "Sterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations in Oncology", Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, F-31052 Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France; Institut Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France
| | - Marc Poirot
- INSERM UMR 1037, Team "Sterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations in Oncology", Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, F-31052 Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France; Institut Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France.
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35
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de Medina P, Paillasse MR, Segala G, Voisin M, Mhamdi L, Dalenc F, Lacroix-Triki M, Filleron T, Pont F, Saati TA, Morisseau C, Hammock BD, Silvente-Poirot S, Poirot M. Dendrogenin A arises from cholesterol and histamine metabolism and shows cell differentiation and anti-tumour properties. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1840. [PMID: 23673625 PMCID: PMC3674249 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously synthesized dendrogenin A and hypothesized that it could be a natural metabolite occurring in mammals. Here we explore this hypothesis and report the discovery of dendrogenin A in mammalian tissues and normal cells as an enzymatic product of the conjugation of 5,6α-epoxy-cholesterol and histamine. Dendrogenin A was not detected in cancer cell lines and was fivefold lower in human breast tumours compared with normal tissues, suggesting a deregulation of dendrogenin A metabolism during carcinogenesis. We established that dendrogenin A is a selective inhibitor of cholesterol epoxide hydrolase and it triggered tumour re-differentiation and growth control in mice and improved animal survival. The properties of dendrogenin A and its decreased level in tumours suggest a physiological function in maintaining cell integrity and differentiation. The discovery of dendrogenin A reveals a new metabolic pathway at the crossroads of cholesterol and histamine metabolism and the existence of steroidal alkaloids in mammals. It has been hypothesized that the steroidal alkaloid dendrogenin A (DDA) is a natural metabolite. de Medina et al. show that DDA is produced in mammalian tissues from 5,6α-epoxy-cholesterol and histamine metabolism, and that the compound displays cell differentiation and anti-tumour activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe de Medina
- INSERM UMR 1037, Team Sterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations in Oncology, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, F-31052 Toulouse, France
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36
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Record M, Poirot M, Silvente-Poirot S. Emerging concepts on the role of exosomes in lipid metabolic diseases. Biochimie 2013; 96:67-74. [PMID: 23827857 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of lipid metabolism involves cellular communication mediated by cell contacts or exchange of bioactive lipids bound to soluble carriers or to lipoproteins. An increasing field is that of cellular communication mediated by nanovesicles called exosomes. Those vesicles are released from an internal compartment of viable cells, circulate in all biological fluids and can transfer material from cell-to-cells. Involvement of exosome trafficking in the transcellular metabolism of eicosanoids and cholesterol-related diseases including cancer is developed hereafter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Record
- INSERM-UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Team «Sterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovation in Oncology», BP3028, CHU Purpan, Toulouse F-31300, France; Institut Claudius Regaud, 20-24 Rue du Pont Saint-Pierre, 31052 Toulouse Cedex, France; Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, Toulouse, France.
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Abstract
C-terminally amidated gastrins act at cholecystokinin-2 receptors (CCK2R), which are normally expressed by gastric parietal and enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells and smooth muscle; there is also extensive expression in the CNS where the main endogenous ligand is cholecystokinin. A variety of neoplasms express CCK2R, or splice variants, including neuroendocrine, pancreatic, medullary thyroid and lung cancers. Other products of the gastrin gene (progastrin, the Gly-gastrins) may stimulate cell proliferation but are not CCK2R ligands. Depending on the cell type, stimulation of CCK2R evokes secretion, increases proliferation and cell migration, inhibits apoptosis, and controls the expression of various genes. These effects are mediated by increased intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C, MAPkinase and other protein kinase cascades. There has been recent progress in developing CCK2R ligands that can be used for imaging tumours expressing the receptor. New antagonists have also been developed, and there is scope for using these for suppression of gastric acid and for treatment of neuroendocrine and other CCK2R-expressing tumours.
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38
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Matters GL, Clawson GA. A Speculative Role for Stromal Gastrin Signaling in Development and Dissemination of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; Suppl 4:003. [PMID: 25346875 PMCID: PMC4208305 DOI: 10.4172/2165-7092.s4-003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The peptide growth factor gastrin and its receptor, the G-protein coupled cholecystokinin receptor type B (CCKBR), play an integral role in the growth and progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Gastrin immunoreactivity is found in the fetal pancreas but its expression is not detected in normal pancreas after birth, except when it is re-expressed in malignant lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail L Matters
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Gary A Clawson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA ; Gittlen Cancer Research Foundation and Departments of Pathology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USA
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de Weille J, Fabre C, Bakalara N. Oxysterols in cancer cell proliferation and death. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:154-60. [PMID: 23500545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxysterols have been shown to interfere with proliferation and cause the death of many cancer cell types, such as leukaemia, glioblastoma, colon, breast and prostate cancer cells, while they have little or no effect on senescent cells. The mechanisms by which oxysterols may influence proliferation are manifold: they control the transcription and the turnover of the key enzyme in cholesterol synthesis, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase, by binding to Insig-1, Insig-2 and liver X receptors. Oxysterols are thought to be generated in proportion to the rate of cholesterol synthesis. Although there is no consensus about the mechanism by which these oxysterols are generated in vivo, it clearly has to be ubiquitous. The 25- and the 27-cholesterol hydroxylases, present in almost all tissues, are possible candidates. Cholesterol uptake from lipoproteins, intracellular vesicle transport and lipid transfer are also modified by oxysterols. Oxysterols interfere with ERK, hedgehog and wnt pathways of proliferation and differentiation. When administered in vitro to cancer cell lines, oxysterols invariably both slow down proliferation and provoke cell death. Perhaps is it sufficient to stop proliferation of a cancer to provoke its eradication. Therefore, the two facets of oxysterol action that seem important for cancer treatment, cytostaticity and cytotoxicity, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan de Weille
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, U1051 INSERM, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 05, France.
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Segala G, de Medina P, Iuliano L, Zerbinati C, Paillasse MR, Noguer E, Dalenc F, Payré B, Jordan VC, Record M, Silvente-Poirot S, Poirot M. 5,6-Epoxy-cholesterols contribute to the anticancer pharmacology of tamoxifen in breast cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:175-89. [PMID: 23500540 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Tamoxifen (Tam) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that remains one of the major drugs used in the hormonotherapy of breast cancer (BC). In addition to its SERM activity, we recently showed that the oxidative metabolism of cholesterol plays a role in its anticancer pharmacology. We established that these effects were not regulated by the ER but by the microsomal antiestrogen binding site/cholesterol-5,6-epoxide hydrolase complex (AEBS/ChEH). The present study aimed to identify the oxysterols that are produced under Tam treatment and to define their mechanisms of action. Tam and PBPE (a selective AEBS/ChEH ligand) stimulated the production and the accumulation of 5,6α-epoxy-cholesterol (5,6α-EC), 5,6α-epoxy-cholesterol-3β-sulfate (5,6-ECS), 5,6β-epoxy-cholesterol (5,6β-EC) in MCF-7 cells through a ROS-dependent mechanism, by inhibiting ChEH and inducing sulfation of 5,6α-EC by SULT2B1b. We showed that only 5,6α-EC was responsible for the induction of triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis by Tam and PBPE, through the modulation of the oxysterol receptor LXRβ. The cytotoxicity mediated by Tam and PBPE was triggered by 5,6β-EC through an LXRβ-independent route and by 5,6-ECS through an LXRβ-dependent mechanism. The importance of SULT2B1b was confirmed by its ectopic expression in the SULT2B1b(-) MDA-MB-231 cells, which became sensitive to 5,6α-EC, Tam or PBPE at a comparable level to MCF-7 cells. This study established that 5,6-EC metabolites contribute to the anticancer pharmacology of Tam and highlights a novel signaling pathway that points to a rationale for re-sensitizing BC cells to Tam and AEBS/ChEH ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Segala
- UMR 1037 INSERM-University Toulouse III, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, France
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Poirot M, Silvente-Poirot S. Cholesterol-5,6-epoxides: Chemistry, biochemistry, metabolic fate and cancer. Biochimie 2013; 95:622-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Poirot M, Silvente-Poirot S, Weichselbaum RR. Cholesterol metabolism and resistance to tamoxifen. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2012; 12:683-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Drabkin HA, Gemmill RM. Cholesterol and the development of clear-cell renal carcinoma. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2012; 12:742-50. [PMID: 22939900 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The majority of kidney cancers are clear-cell carcinomas (ccRCC), characterized by the accumulation of cholesterol, cholesterol esters, other neutral lipids and glycogen. Rather than being a passive bystander, the clear-cell phenotype is suggested to be a biomarker of deregulated cholesterol and lipid biosynthesis, which plays an important role in development of the disease. One clue to this relationship has come from the elucidation of the hereditary kidney cancer gene, TRC8, which functions partly to degrade key regulators of endogenous cholesterol and lipid biosynthesis. In addition, deregulation of the mevalonate pathway has been shown to play a key role in cellular transformation and invasion. These findings are supported by considerable epidemiologic data linking obesity and the deregulation of lipid biosynthesis to ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry A Drabkin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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44
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Cholesterol and breast cancer development. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2012; 12:677-82. [PMID: 22867847 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring type of cancer in the world. Among the environmental factors believed to be responsible for this phenomenon, cholesterol has recently received considerable attention. Epidemiologic studies have provided inconclusive results, indicating that there may be a relationship between abnormal plasma cholesterol levels and breast cancer risk. However, more compelling evidence has been obtained in laboratory studies, and they indicate that cholesterol is capable of regulating proliferation, migration, and signaling pathways in breast cancer. In vivo studies have also indicated that plasma cholesterol levels can regulate tumor growth in mouse models. The recognition of cholesterol as a factor contributing to breast cancer development identifies cholesterol and its metabolism as novel targets for cancer therapy.
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Dalamaga M, Diakopoulos KN, Mantzoros CS. The role of adiponectin in cancer: a review of current evidence. Endocr Rev 2012; 33:547-94. [PMID: 22547160 PMCID: PMC3410224 DOI: 10.1210/er.2011-1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Excess body weight is associated not only with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) but also with various types of malignancies. Adiponectin, the most abundant protein secreted by adipose tissue, exhibits insulin-sensitizing, antiinflammatory, antiatherogenic, proapoptotic, and antiproliferative properties. Circulating adiponectin levels, which are determined predominantly by genetic factors, diet, physical activity, and abdominal adiposity, are decreased in patients with diabetes, CVD, and several obesity-associated cancers. Also, adiponectin levels are inversely associated with the risk of developing diabetes, CVD, and several malignancies later in life. Many cancer cell lines express adiponectin receptors, and adiponectin in vitro limits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. Recent in vitro studies demonstrate the antiangiogenic and tumor growth-limiting properties of adiponectin. Studies in both animals and humans have investigated adiponectin and adiponectin receptor regulation and expression in several cancers. Current evidence supports a role of adiponectin as a novel risk factor and potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in cancer. In addition, either adiponectin per se or medications that increase adiponectin levels or up-regulate signaling pathways downstream of adiponectin may prove to be useful anticancer agents. This review presents the role of adiponectin in carcinogenesis and cancer progression and examines the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie the association between adiponectin and malignancy in the context of a dysfunctional adipose tissue in obesity. Understanding of these mechanisms may be important for the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies against obesity-associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dalamaga
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Attikon General University Hospital, University of Athens, School of Medicine, 12462 Athens, Greece
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The role of developing breast cancer in alteration of serum lipid profile. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2012; 17:562-5. [PMID: 23626635 PMCID: PMC3634296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2011] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The major aim of this study is to examine the role of alterations in lipid profile in women developing breast cancer. This study was carried out between May 2009 and December 2010. BACKGROUND The relationship between lipids and breast cancer is undistinguished. Until now, conflicting results have been reported on the association between lipids and risk of breast cancer development in women. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plasma lipids (i.e., total cholesterol [TC], high-density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], and triglycerides [TG] were analyzed from 60 controls and 120 untreated breast cancer patients with clinical and histopathological evidence, under aseptic conditions. Venous blood was drawn from the cases and controls and estimations of lipid profile were done utilizing the standard procedures. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Independent sample t-test to compare the mean serum levels of lipid profile and TC/HDL ratio between patients and controls. RESULTS A significant rise in serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and ratio of total cholesterol: high density lipoprotein cholesterol values, whereas high density lipoprotein cholesterol and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol were not affected significantly by the breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS The developing breast cancer might be considered as one of the factors in alterations in lipid profile levels.
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Uda S, Accossu S, Spolitu S, Collu M, Angius F, Sanna F, Banni S, Vacca C, Murru E, Mulas C, Diaz G, Batetta B. A lipoprotein source of cholesteryl esters is essential for proliferation of CEM-CCRF lymphoblastic cell line. Tumour Biol 2011; 33:443-53. [PMID: 22161086 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-011-0270-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour are characterised by a high content of cholesteryl esters (CEs) stored in lipid droplets purported to be due to a high rate of intracellular esterification of cholesterol. To verify whether and which pathways involved in CE accumulation are essential in tumour proliferation, the effect of CE deprivation, from both exogenous and endogenous sources, on CEM-CCRF cells was investigated. Cholesterol synthesis, esterification and content, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) binding and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-CE uptake were evaluated in cultured in both conventional and delipidated bovine serum with or without oleic or linoleic acids, cholesteryl oleate, LDL and HDL. High content of CEs in lipid droplets in this cell line was due to esterification of both newly synthesised cholesterol and that obtained from hydrolysis of LDL; moreover, a significant amount of CE was derived from HDL-CE uptake. Cell proliferation was slightly affected by either acute or chronic treatment up to 400 μM with Sz-58035, an acyl-cholesteryl cholesterol esterification inhibitor (ACAT); although when the enzyme activity was continuously inhibited, CE content in lipid droplets was significantly higher than those in control cells. In these cells, analysis of intracellular and medium CEs revealed a profile reflecting the characteristics of bovine serum, suggesting a plasma origin of CE molecules. Cell proliferation arrest in delipidated medium was almost completely prevented in the first 72 h by LDL or HDL, although in subsequent cultures with LDL, it manifested an increasing mortality rate. This study suggests that high content of CEs in CEM-CCRF is mainly derived from plasma lipoproteins and that part of CEs stored in lipid droplets are obtained after being taken up from HDL. This route appears to be up-regulated according to cell requirements and involved in low levels of c-HDL during cancer. Moreover, the dependence of tumour cells on a source of lipoprotein provides a novel impetus in developing therapeutic strategies for use in the treatment of some tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Uda
- Department of Science and Biomedical Technologies, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Pinthus JH, Whelan KF, Gallino D, Lu JP, Rothschild N. Metabolic features of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma: mechanisms and clinical implications. Can Urol Assoc J 2011; 5:274-82. [PMID: 21801687 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.10196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Central to the malignant behaviour that endows cancer cells with growth advantage is their unique metabolism. Cancer cells can process nutrient molecules differently from normal cells and use it to overcome stress imposed on them by various therapies. This metabolic conversion is controlled by specific genetic mutations that are associated with activation of oncogenes and loss of tumour suppressor proteins. Understanding these processes is important as it can lead to the discovery of biomarkers that can predict the aggressiveness of the disease and its response to therapy, and even more importantly, to the development of novel therapeutics. A classic tumour in this respect is clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In this review, we will begin with a brief summary of normal cellular bioenergetic pathways, which will be followed by a description of the characteristic metabolism of glucose and lipids in clear-cell RCC cells and its clinical implications. Data relating to the potential effect of dietary nutrients on RCC will also be reviewed along with potential therapies targeted at interrupting specific metabolic pathways in clear-cell RCC.
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de Medina P, Paillasse MR, Ségala G, Khallouki F, Brillouet S, Dalenc F, Courbon F, Record M, Poirot M, Silvente-Poirot S. Importance of cholesterol and oxysterols metabolism in the pharmacology of tamoxifen and other AEBS ligands. Chem Phys Lipids 2011; 164:432-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Antalis CJ, Uchida A, Buhman KK, Siddiqui RA. Migration of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells depends on the availability of exogenous lipids and cholesterol esterification. Clin Exp Metastasis 2011; 28:733-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s10585-011-9405-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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