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Zhou B, Wu T, Li H, Yang J, Ma Z, Ling Y, Ma H, Huang C. Identification of CD19 as a shared biomarker via PPARγ/β-catenin/Wnt3a pathway linking psoriasis and major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2024; 367:75-87. [PMID: 39197550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin disorder, is frequently linked with metabolic, cardiovascular, and psychological comorbidities. Recent research has highlighted the correlation between psoriasis and major depressive disorder (MDD); however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. METHODS Commonly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in psoriasis and MDD were identified and visualized using data from the GEO database. Subsequently, functional enrichment analysis was conducted using Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Genemania. The hub gene was selected through LASSO and Random Forest algorithms, validated in clinical tissues using Student's t-test and Receiver Operating Characteristic curve. To investigate the hub gene's function in disease phenotype, we established imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasiform dermatitis and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mouse models. Lentiviral shRNA interference was topically applied in mice, and downstream pathways were validated at the mRNA and protein levels. RESULTS A total of 395 overlapping DEGs were identified from GSE121212 and GSE54568 datasets, and twenty core genes were extracted. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the core genes were significantly associated with the Wnt signaling pathway, neurodegeneration, and energy metabolism. CD19 was identified as the hub gene through algorithms, and external validation showed remarkable AUC values of 0.69 and 0.74, respectively. The level of CD19 increased significantly in IMQ-treated and CUMS-treated mice. Suppression of CD19 significantly alleviated the phenotypes of IMQ-induced psoriasiform dermatitis and CUMS-induced depressive-like behaviors by regulating the PPARγ/β-catenin/Wnt3a pathway. CONCLUSION CD19 may serve as a common biomarker or therapeutic target of psoriasis and MDD via PPARγ/β-catenin/Wnt3a pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Haitao Li
- China Three Gorges University and Yichang Central People' Hospital, Yichang 443000, China
| | - Jiahao Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China
| | - Zhujun Ma
- China Three Gorges University and Yichang Central People' Hospital, Yichang 443000, China
| | - Yunli Ling
- Beijing Huairou Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101400, China.
| | - Hanying Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China.
| | - Changzheng Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Wei Y, Zhu X, Lin S, Yang W, Wang T, Nie X, Shi Z, Liu Z, Zhang R, Li D. Zinc gluconate improves atopic dermatitis by modulating CXCL10 release of keratinocytes via PPARα activation. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117129. [PMID: 39018874 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition with complex causes involving immune factors. The presence of essential trace elements that support immune system function can influence the development of this condition. This study investigated how serum trace elements impact the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Upon analyzing serum microelements in AD patients and control subjects, it was observed that patients with AD had notably lower zinc levels. Genomic analysis of AD skin revealed distinct gene expression patterns, specifically the increased expression of CXCL10 in the epidermis. The heightened levels of CXCL10 in AD skin lesions were found to correlate with reduced serum zinc levels. Treatment with zinc gluconate showed reduced chemotactic response and CXCL10 release, suggesting its potential to regulate CXCL10 expression of keratinocytes in AD. The mechanism behind this involved the downregulation of STAT phosphorylation through activating PPARα. In the AD-like dermatitis mouse model, zinc gluconate therapy decreased serum IgE levels, alleviated skin lesion severity, reduced skin thickness, and lowered CXCL10 expression, demonstrating its efficacy in managing AD-like skin conditions. These findings indicate that zinc gluconate can reduce inflammation in keratinocytes by activating PPARα, inhibiting STAT signaling, and decreasing CXCL10 release, thus highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiaomei Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China.
| | - Shan Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Tingmei Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiaoqi Nie
- Department of Dermatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zeqi Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China.
| | - Ri Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China.
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Dermatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China.
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3
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Di Lorenzo R, Di Lorenzo V, Di Serio T, Marzocchi A, Ricci L, Vardaro E, Greco G, Maisto M, Grumetto L, Piccolo V, Morelli E, Laneri S. Phenylalanine Butyramide: A Butyrate Derivative as a Novel Inhibitor of Tyrosinase. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7310. [PMID: 39000417 PMCID: PMC11242249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolites resulting from the bacterial fermentation of dietary fibers, such as short-chain fatty acids, especially butyrate, play important roles in maintaining gut health and regulating various biological effects in the skin. However, butyrate is underutilized due to its unpleasant odor. To circumvent this organoleptic unfavorable property, phenylalanine butyramide (PBA), a butyrate precursor, has been synthesized and is currently available on the market. We evaluated the inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase by butyrate and PBA through in vitro assays, finding IC50 values of 34.7 mM and 120.3 mM, respectively. Docking calculations using a homology model of human tyrosinase identified a putative binding mode of PBA into the catalytic site. The anti-aging and anti-spot efficacy of topical PBA was evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, parallel-arm, placebo-controlled clinical trial involving 43 women affected by photo-damage. The results of this study showed that PBA significantly improved skin conditions compared to the placebo and was well tolerated. Specifically, PBA demonstrated strong skin depigmenting activity on both UV and brown spots (UV: -12.7% and -9.9%, Bs: -20.8% and -17.7% after 15 and 30 days, respectively, p < 0.001). Moreover, PBA brightened and lightened the skin (ITA°: +12% and 13% after 15 and 30 days, respectively, p < 0.001). Finally, PBA significantly improved skin elasticity (Ua/Uf: +12.4% and +32.3% after 15 and 30 days, respectively, p < 0.001) and firmness (Uf: -3.2% and -14.9% after 15 and 30 days, respectively, p < 0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritamaria Di Lorenzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Lorenzo
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Müegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Teresa Di Serio
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Adua Marzocchi
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Ricci
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Eleonora Vardaro
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Greco
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Maisto
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Grumetto
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Piccolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Morelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sonia Laneri
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Briganti S, Mosca S, Di Nardo A, Flori E, Ottaviani M. New Insights into the Role of PPARγ in Skin Physiopathology. Biomolecules 2024; 14:728. [PMID: 38927131 PMCID: PMC11201613 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a transcription factor expressed in many tissues, including skin, where it is essential for maintaining skin barrier permeability, regulating cell proliferation/differentiation, and modulating antioxidant and inflammatory responses upon ligand binding. Therefore, PPARγ activation has important implications for skin homeostasis. Over the past 20 years, with increasing interest in the role of PPARs in skin physiopathology, considerable effort has been devoted to the development of PPARγ ligands as a therapeutic option for skin inflammatory disorders. In addition, PPARγ also regulates sebocyte differentiation and lipid production, making it a potential target for inflammatory sebaceous disorders such as acne. A large number of studies suggest that PPARγ also acts as a skin tumor suppressor in both melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers, but its role in tumorigenesis remains controversial. In this review, we have summarized the current state of research into the role of PPARγ in skin health and disease and how this may provide a starting point for the development of more potent and selective PPARγ ligands with a low toxicity profile, thereby reducing unwanted side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Enrica Flori
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (S.M.); (A.D.N.); (M.O.)
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Yin X, Yan Y, Li J, Cao Z, Shen S, Chang Q, Zhao Y, Wang X, Wang P. Nuclear receptors for epidermal lipid barrier: Advances in mechanisms and applications. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15107. [PMID: 38840418 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The skin plays an essential role in preventing the entry of external environmental threats and the loss of internal substances, depending on the epidermal permeability barrier. Nuclear receptors (NRs), present in various tissues and organs including full-thickness skin, have been demonstrated to exert significant effects on the epidermal lipid barrier. Formation of the lipid lamellar membrane and the normal proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes (KCs) are crucial for the development of the epidermal permeability barrier and is regulated by specific NRs such as PPAR, LXR, VDR, RAR/RXR, AHR, PXR and FXR. These receptors play a key role in regulating KC differentiation and the entire process of epidermal lipid synthesis, processing and secretion. Lipids derived from sebaceous glands are influenced by NRs as well and participate in regulation of the epidermal lipid barrier. Furthermore, intricate interplay exists between these receptors. Disturbance of barrier function leads to a range of diseases, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and acne. Targeting these NRs with agonists or antagonists modulate pathways involved in lipid synthesis and cell differentiation, suggesting potential therapeutic approaches for dermatosis associated with barrier damage. This review focuses on the regulatory role of NRs in the maintenance and processing of the epidermal lipid barrier through their effects on skin lipid synthesis and KC differentiation, providing novel insights for drug targets to facilitate precision medicine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xidie Yin
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiandan Li
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Cao
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuzhan Shen
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihang Chang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiting Zhao
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiru Wang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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6
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Ahator SD, Hegstad K, Lentz CS, Johannessen M. Deciphering Staphylococcus aureus-host dynamics using dual activity-based protein profiling of ATP-interacting proteins. mSystems 2024; 9:e0017924. [PMID: 38656122 PMCID: PMC11097646 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00179-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The utilization of ATP within cells plays a fundamental role in cellular processes that are essential for the regulation of host-pathogen dynamics and the subsequent immune response. This study focuses on ATP-binding proteins to dissect the complex interplay between Staphylococcus aureus and human cells, particularly macrophages (THP-1) and keratinocytes (HaCaT), during an intracellular infection. A snapshot of the various protein activity and function is provided using a desthiobiotin-ATP probe, which targets ATP-interacting proteins. In S. aureus, we observe enrichment in pathways required for nutrient acquisition, biosynthesis and metabolism of amino acids, and energy metabolism when located inside human cells. Additionally, the direct profiling of the protein activity revealed specific adaptations of S. aureus to the keratinocytes and macrophages. Mapping the differentially activated proteins to biochemical pathways in the human cells with intracellular bacteria revealed cell-type-specific adaptations to bacterial challenges where THP-1 cells prioritized immune defenses, autophagic cell death, and inflammation. In contrast, HaCaT cells emphasized barrier integrity and immune activation. We also observe bacterial modulation of host processes and metabolic shifts. These findings offer valuable insights into the dynamics of S. aureus-host cell interactions, shedding light on modulating host immune responses to S. aureus, which could involve developing immunomodulatory therapies. IMPORTANCE This study uses a chemoproteomic approach to target active ATP-interacting proteins and examines the dynamic proteomic interactions between Staphylococcus aureus and human cell lines THP-1 and HaCaT. It uncovers the distinct responses of macrophages and keratinocytes during bacterial infection. S. aureus demonstrated a tailored response to the intracellular environment of each cell type and adaptation during exposure to professional and non-professional phagocytes. It also highlights strategies employed by S. aureus to persist within host cells. This study offers significant insights into the human cell response to S. aureus infection, illuminating the complex proteomic shifts that underlie the defense mechanisms of macrophages and keratinocytes. Notably, the study underscores the nuanced interplay between the host's metabolic reprogramming and immune strategy, suggesting potential therapeutic targets for enhancing host defense and inhibiting bacterial survival. The findings enhance our understanding of host-pathogen interactions and can inform the development of targeted therapies against S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Dela Ahator
- Centre for New Antibacterial Strategies (CANS) & Research Group for Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kristin Hegstad
- Centre for New Antibacterial Strategies (CANS) & Research Group for Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Christian S. Lentz
- Centre for New Antibacterial Strategies (CANS) & Research Group for Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Mona Johannessen
- Centre for New Antibacterial Strategies (CANS) & Research Group for Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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7
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Lei D, Liu D, Zhang J, Zhang L, Man MQ. Benefits of topical natural ingredients in epidermal permeability barrier. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1275506. [PMID: 38239888 PMCID: PMC10794395 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1275506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Because of the crucial role of epidermal permeability barrier in regulation of cutaneous and extracutaneous functions, great efforts have been made to identify and develop the regimens that can improve epidermal permeability barrier function. Studies have demonstrated that oral administration of natural ingredients can improve epidermal permeability barrier in various skin conditions, including inflammatory dermatoses and UV-irradiation. Moreover, topical applications of some natural ingredients can also accelerate the repair of epidermal permeability barrier after acute barrier disruption and lower transepidermal water loss in the intact skin. Natural ingredient-induced improvements in epidermal permeability barrier function can be attributable to upregulation of keratinocyte differentiation, lipid production, antioxidant, hyaluronic acid production, expression of aquaporin 3 and sodium-hydrogen exchanger 1. In this review, we summarize the benefits of topical natural ingredients in epidermal permeability barrier in normal skin with or without acute barrier disruption and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyun Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junling Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Litao Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Mao-Qiang Man
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Hatano Y, Elias PM. "Outside-to-inside," "inside-to-outside," and "intrinsic" endogenous pathogenic mechanisms in atopic dermatitis: keratinocytes as the key functional cells involved in both permeability barrier dysfunction and immunological alterations. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1239251. [PMID: 37638035 PMCID: PMC10451066 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1239251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Permeability barrier disruption has been shown to induce immunological alterations (i.e., an "outside-to-inside" pathogenic mechanism). Conversely, several inflammatory and immunological mechanisms reportedly interrupt permeability barrier homeostasis (i.e., an "inside-to-outside" pathogenic mechanism). It is now widely recognized that alterations of even a single molecule in keratinocytes can lead to not only permeability barrier dysfunction but also to immunological alterations. Such a simultaneous, bidirectional functional change by keratinocytes is herein named an "intrinsic" pathogenic mechanism. Molecules and/or pathways involved in this mechanism could be important not only as factors in disease pathogenesis but also as potential therapeutic targets for inflammatory cutaneous diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and prurigo nodularis. Elevation of skin surface pH following permeability barrier abrogation comprises one of the key pathogenic phenomena of the "outside-to-inside" mechanism. Not only type 2 cytokines (e.g., IL-4, IL-13, IL-31) but also type 1 (e.g. IFN-γ), and type 3 (e.g., IL-17, IL-22) as well as several other inflammatory factors (e.g. histamine) can disrupt permeability barrier homeostasis and are all considered part of the "inside-to-outside" mechanism. Finally, examples of molecules relevant to the "intrinsic" pathogenic mechanism include keratin 1, filaggrin, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Hatano
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Peter M. Elias
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Contributions of NR1H3 genetic polymorphisms to susceptibility and effects of narrowband UVB phototherapy to nonsegmental vitiligo. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3384. [PMID: 36854764 PMCID: PMC9974977 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is the most common depigmenting disorder to which both genetic and environmental factors contribute. The aim of the current work was to evaluate the relationship between polymorphisms of the gene nuclear receptor subfamily 1 Group H member 3 (NR1H3) and the risk of vitiligo and phototherapy effects in the Chinese Han population. Two independent samples were enrolled to form the discovery set (comprised of 1668 nonsegmental vitiligo [NSV] patients and 2542 controls) and the validation set (comprised of 745 NSV patients and 1492 controls). A total of 13 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in the samples from the discovery stage. SNPs that achieved nominal significance were validated in another independent sample set. The serum level of NR1H3 protein was assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits in the validation set. Genetic association analysis was carried out at allelic and genotypic levels. The therapeutic effects of significant SNPs were examined in the validation set. The SNP rs3758672 was significantly associated with NSV. The A allele was correlated with NSV risk and poorer therapeutic effects. The A allele was strongly correlated with the increased level of serum NR1H3 in both controls and patients. In summary, SNP rs3758672 in NR1H3 was significantly associated with both disease susceptibility and individualized therapeutic effects of NSV in study participants with Han Chinese ancestry.
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Mani I, Singh V. Receptor biology: Challenges and opportunities. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 196:337-349. [PMID: 36813364 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Receptor biology provides a great opportunity to understand the ligand-receptor signaling involved in health and disease processes. Receptor endocytosis and signaling play a vital role in health conditions. Receptor-based signaling is the main form of communication between cells and cells with the environment. However, if any irregularities happen during these events, the consequences of pathophysiological conditions occur. Various methods are utilized to know structure, function, and regulation of receptor proteins. Further, live-cell imaging and genetic manipulations have aided in the understanding of receptor internalization, subcellular trafficking, signaling, metabolic degradation, etc. Understanding the genetics, biochemistry, and physiology of receptors and ligands is very helpful to explore various aspects such as prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of disease. However, there are enormous challenges that exist to explore receptor biology further. This chapter briefly discusses the current challenges and emerging opportunities of receptor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra Mani
- Department of Microbiology, Gargi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
| | - Vijai Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
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11
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The Role of Transcription Factor PPAR-γ in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis, Skin Cells, and Immune Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179708. [PMID: 36077103 PMCID: PMC9456565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPAR-γ is one of three PPAR nuclear receptors that act as ligand-activated transcription factors. In immune cells, the skin, and other organs, PPAR-γ regulates lipid, glucose, and amino acid metabolism. The receptor translates nutritional, pharmacological, and metabolic stimuli into the changes in gene expression. The activation of PPAR-γ promotes cell differentiation, reduces the proliferation rate, and modulates the immune response. In the skin, PPARs also contribute to the functioning of the skin barrier. Since we know that the route from identification to the registration of drugs is long and expensive, PPAR-γ agonists already approved for other diseases may also represent a high interest for psoriasis. In this review, we discuss the role of PPAR-γ in the activation, differentiation, and proliferation of skin and immune cells affected by psoriasis and in contributing to the pathogenesis of the disease. We also evaluate whether the agonists of PPAR-γ may become one of the therapeutic options to suppress the inflammatory response in lesional psoriatic skin and decrease the influence of comorbidities associated with psoriasis.
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Liu Y, Yang S, Zeng Y, Tang Z, Zong X, Li X, Yang C, Liu L, Tong X, Zhou L, Wang D. Dysregulated behaviour of hair follicle stem cells triggers alopecia and provides potential therapeutic targets. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:986-992. [PMID: 35524394 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Due to a steady increase in the number of individuals suffering from alopecia, this condition has recently received increasing attention. Alopecia can be caused by various pathological, environmental or psychological factors, eventually resulting in abnormalities in hair follicle (HF) structures or HF regeneration disorders, especially dysregulated hair follicle stem cell (HFSC) behaviour. HFSC behaviour includes activation, proliferation and differentiation. Appropriate HFSC behaviour sustains a persistent hair cycle (HC). HFSC behaviour is mainly influenced by HFSC metabolism, ageing, and the microenvironment. In this review, we summarize recent findings on how HFSC metabolism, ageing and the microenvironment give rise to hair growth disorders, as well as related genes and signalling pathways. Recent research on the application of stem cell-based hair tissue engineering and regenerative medicine to treat alopecia is also summarized. Determining how dysregulated HFSC behaviour underlies alopecia would be helpful in identifying potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shengbo Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yilan Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziting Tang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiule Zong
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Caifeng Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lulu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoliang Tong
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Ma Y, Cui L, Tian Y, He C. Lipidomics analysis of facial lipid biomarkers in females with self‐perceived skin sensitivity. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e632. [PMID: 35572168 PMCID: PMC9075607 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Self‐perception of sensitive skin (SPSS) has several consequences, including skin barrier damage, which is prevented by barrier sebum. We analyzed lipidome profiles of skin surface lipids (SSLs) in patients with SPSS and healthy controls and explored the mechanism of action of potential lipid markers on the repair of damaged barrier cells to better understand SSL abnormity in these patients. Methods Ultraperformance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry was used to investigate SSL variations in major lipid classes, subclasses, and species. Reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) was used to examine changes in intracellular gene expression following cell barrier damage repair by potential lipid markers. Results There were significant differences in the lipidomes of individuals between groups. Individuals with SPSS showed significantly increased levels of two diacylglycerols and one very‐short‐chain free fatty acid and significantly decreased levels of three ceramides (Cers), four glycerophospholipids, and one very‐long‐chain free fatty acid. RT‐PCR revealed that after damage repair by Cer/Glucosylceramide (GlcCer), the expression of two genes in the sterol regulatory element‐binding protein and three in the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor pathway significantly increased. Causes of skin barrier damage in patients with SPSS are related to the amount and type of lipids. Conclusion Cer/GlcCer can promote lipid synthesis and secretion by upregulating lipid‐related gene expression to repair barrier damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Ma
- Cosmetics Department, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Le Cui
- Cosmetics Department, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Yan Tian
- Air Force Medical Center PLA Beijing China
| | - Congfen He
- Cosmetics Department, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
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14
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Elias PM. Optimizing emollient therapy for skin barrier repair in atopic dermatitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022; 128:505-511. [PMID: 35065300 PMCID: PMC9979622 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We compared the principal characteristics of over-the-counter moisturizers with physiological lipid-based barrier repair therapy (BRT). DATA SOURCES An extended literature reported that moisturizers are considered standard ancillary therapy for anti-inflammatory skin disorders such as atopic dermatitis (AD). Additional studies have found that physiological lipid-based BRT can comprise effective, stand-alone therapy for pediatric AD. RESULTS Not all moisturizers are beneficial-some negatively impact skin function, and in doing so, they risk inducing or exacerbating inflammation in patients with AD. The frequent self-reported occurrences of sensitive skin in patients with AD could reflect the potential toxicity of such formulations. A still unanswered question is whether improper formulations could also prove to be counterproductive in other types of sensitive skin, such as rosacea. In contrast, we found how physiological lipid-based BRT (when comprised of the 3 key stratum corneum lipids in sufficient quantities and at an appropriate molar ratio) can correct the barrier abnormality, thereby reducing inflammation in AD and possibly in other inflammatory dermatoses, such as adult eczemas and possibly even psoriasis. CONCLUSION We provide guidelines for the appropriate dispensation of moisturizers and physiological lipid-based, BRT for the treatment of AD. Both over-the-counter (Atopalm) and prescription (EpiCeram) products are available in the United States with these characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Elias
- Department of Dermatology, University of California (UC) San Francisco and Veteran Affairs (VA) Medical Center, San Francisco, California.
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15
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Pang B, Zhu Z, Xiao C, Luo Y, Fang H, Bai Y, Sun Z, Ma J, Dang E, Wang G. Keratin 17 Is Required for Lipid Metabolism in Keratinocytes and Benefits Epidermal Permeability Barrier Homeostasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:779257. [PMID: 35096815 PMCID: PMC8790522 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.779257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal barrier refers to the stratum corneum, the uppermost layer of the skin, and constitutes the first line of defense against invasion by potentially harmful pathogens, diminishes trans-epidermal water loss, and plays a crucial role in the maintenance of skin homeostasis. Keratin 17 (K17) is a type I epithelial keratin with multiple functions, including in skin inflammation, epithelial cell growth, protein synthesis, and tumorigenesis. However, the relationship between K17 and the skin barrier has yet to be systematically investigated. In this study, we found that acute disruption of the epidermal permeability barrier led to a rapid increase in epidermal K17 expression in vivo. Krt17 gene deficiency in mice resulted in decreased expression of lipid metabolism-related enzymes and antimicrobial peptides, while also delaying epidermal permeability barrier recovery after acute disruption. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of K17 enhanced, whereas siRNA-mediated knockdown of Krt17 inhibited, the expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN) and that of the transcription factors SREBP-1 and PPARγ in vitro. We further confirmed that K17 can facilitate the nuclear transportation of SREBP-1 and PPARγ and promote lipid synthesis in keratinocytes. This study demonstrated that K17 contributes to the restoration of the epidermal permeability barrier via stabilizing lipid metabolism in keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Pang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenlai Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunying Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yixin Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaxing Bai
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhongbin Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingyi Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Erle Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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16
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Kim BK, Shon JC, Seo HS, Liu KH, Lee JW, Ahn SK, Hong SP. Decrease of ceramides with long-chain fatty acids in psoriasis: Possible inhibitory effect of interferon gamma on chain elongation. Exp Dermatol 2021; 31:122-132. [PMID: 34270128 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Reportedly, decreases in fatty acid (FA) chain length of ceramide (CER) are associated with interferon-γ (IFN-γ), which shows increased expression in psoriasis. However, the underlying mechanism of this association remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to clarify this association between FA chain length of CER, IFN-γ, and the major transcriptional factors involving psoriasis. CER profiling according to FA chain length and class was performed in murine epidermis (n = 10 BALB/c mice topically treated with imiquimod, n = 10 controls) and human stratum corneum (SC) (n = 12 psoriasis, n = 11 controls). The expression of lipid synthetic enzymes, including elongases (ELOVLs), in murine epidermis was also measured using RT-PCR. Furthermore, the association of IFN-γ with various enzymes and transcription factors involved in the generation of long-chain CERs was also investigated using in vitro keratinocyte. A significant decrease in the percentage of long-chain CERs was observed in psoriasis-like murine epidermis and human psoriatic SC. Additionally, the expression levels of ELOVL1, ELOVL4, and ceramide synthase3 (CerS3) were significantly decreased in psoriasis-like murine epidermis and IFN-γ-treated keratinocyte. There was also a significant decrease in the expression of transcriptional factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), in IFN-γ treated keratinocyte. Thus, it could be suggested that IFN-γ may regulate ELOVL and CerS levels by down-regulating the transcriptional factors. Additionally, given the possible involvement of PPARs or liver X receptor agonist in the CER elongation process, they may serve as potential therapeutic agents for lengthening the CER FAs in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Kyung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Cheol Shon
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Seok Seo
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Won Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ku Ahn
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Phil Hong
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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17
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Blunder S, Pavel P, Minzaghi D, Dubrac S. PPARdelta in Affected Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis: A Possible Role in Metabolic Reprograming. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7354. [PMID: 34298981 PMCID: PMC8303290 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear hormone receptors expressed in the skin. Three PPAR isotypes, α (NRC1C1), β or δ (NRC1C2) and γ (NRC1C3), have been identified. After activation through ligand binding, PPARs heterodimerize with the 9-cis-retinoic acid receptor (RXR), another nuclear hormone receptor, to bind to specific PPAR-responsive elements in regulatory regions of target genes mainly involved in organogenesis, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, inflammation and metabolism of lipids or carbohydrates. Endogenous PPAR ligands are fatty acids and fatty acid metabolites. In past years, much emphasis has been given to PPARα and γ in skin diseases. PPARβ/δ is the least studied PPAR family member in the skin despite its key role in several important pathways regulating inflammation, keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation, metabolism and the oxidative stress response. This review focuses on the role of PPARβ/δ in keratinocytes and its involvement in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Moreover, the relevance of targeting PPARβ/δ to alleviate skin inflammation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sandrine Dubrac
- Epidermal Biology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.B.); (P.P.); (D.M.)
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18
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Dębińska A. New Treatments for Atopic Dermatitis Targeting Skin Barrier Repair via the Regulation of FLG Expression. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112506. [PMID: 34198894 PMCID: PMC8200961 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common chronic, inflammatory skin disorders with a complex etiology and a broad spectrum of clinical phenotypes. Despite its high prevalence and effect on the quality of life, safe and effective systemic therapies approved for long-term management of AD are limited. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis in recent years has contributed to the development of new therapeutic approaches that target specific pathophysiological pathways. Skin barrier dysfunction and immunological abnormalities are critical in the pathogenesis of AD. Recently, the importance of the downregulation of epidermal differentiation complex (EDC) molecules caused by external and internal stimuli has been extensively emphasized. The purpose of this review is to discuss the innovations in the therapy of atopic dermatitis, including biologics, small molecule therapies, and other drugs by highlighting regulatory mechanisms of skin barrier-related molecules, such as filaggrin (FLG) as a crucial pathway implicated in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dębińska
- 1st Department and Clinic of Paediatrics, Allergology and Cardiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 2a, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
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19
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Modulation of Gene Expression in a Sterile Atopic Dermatitis Model and Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus Adhesion by Fucoidan. Dermatopathology (Basel) 2021; 8:69-83. [PMID: 33806193 PMCID: PMC8103255 DOI: 10.3390/dermatopathology8020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a multifactorial pathology that includes perturbations of gene expression and increased adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus. Fucoidans are seaweed-derived sulfated fucose-rich polysaccharides that are known to be anti-inflammatory and may inhibit adhesion of pathogens. Fucoidan was assessed for effects on gene expression of an in vitro 3D model of atopic dermatitis. It was also assessed for inhibitory effects on the adhesion of bacteria onto 3D reconstructed skin. Fucoidan significantly altered gene expression in the atopic dermatitis model, and there was a trend to reduce periostin levels. Fucoidan significantly inhibited the adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus and Cutibacterium acnes but did not affect the adhesion of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Fucoidan may be a useful topical agent to assist in the management of atopic dermatitis.
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20
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Leung DYM, Berdyshev E, Goleva E. Cutaneous barrier dysfunction in allergic diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 145:1485-1497. [PMID: 32507227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The fundamental defect(s) that drives atopic dermatitis (AD) remains controversial. "Outside in" proponents point to the important association of filaggrin gene mutations and other skin barrier defects with AD. The "inside out" proponents derive support from evidence that AD occurs in genetic animal models with overexpression of type 2 immune pathways in their skin, and humans with gain-of-function mutations in their type 2 response develop severe AD. The observation that therapeutic biologics, targeting type 2 immune responses, can reverse AD provides compelling support for the importance of "inside out" mechanisms of AD. In this review, we propose a central role for epithelial cell dysfunction that accounts for the dual role of skin barrier defects and immune pathway activation in AD. The complexity of AD has its roots in the dysfunction of the epithelial barrier that allows the penetration of allergens, irritants, and microbes into a cutaneous milieu that facilitates the induction of type 2 immune responses. The AD phenotypes and endotypes that result in chronic skin inflammation and barrier dysfunction are modified by genes, innate/adaptive immune responses, and different environmental factors that cause skin barrier dysfunction. There is also compelling evidence that skin barrier dysfunction can alter the course of childhood asthma, food allergy, and allergic rhinosinusitis. Effective management of AD requires a multipronged approach, not only restoring cutaneous barrier function, microbial flora, and immune homeostasis but also enhancing skin epithelial differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena Goleva
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
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21
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Bharti S, Vadlamudi HC. A strategic review on the involvement of receptors, transcription factors and hormones in acne pathogenesis. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 41:105-116. [PMID: 32787477 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1805626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a very common pilosebaceous inflammatory disease occurring primarily on the face and also rare on the upper arms, trunk, and back, which is caused by Propionibacterium, Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, and other species. Pathophysiology of acne comprises of irregular keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation, increased sebum output, bacterial antigens and cytokines induced inflammatory response. Treatment of acne requires proper knowledge on the pathophysiology then only the clinician can come out with a proper therapeutic dosage regimen. Understanding the pathophysiology not only includes the mechanism but also involvement of receptors. Thus, this review is framed in such a way that the authors have focused on the disease acne vulgaris, pathophysiology, transcription factors viz. the Forkhead Box O1 (FoxO1) Transcription Factor, hormones like androgens and receptors such as Histamine receptors, Retinoic receptor, Fibroblast growth factor receptors, Toll like receptor, Androgen receptor, Liver X-receptor, Melanocortin receptor, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and epidermal growth factor receptors involvement in the progression of acne vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Bharti
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India
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22
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Lee AY. The Role of MicroRNAs in Epidermal Barrier. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165781. [PMID: 32806619 PMCID: PMC7460865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which mostly cause target gene silencing via transcriptional repression and degradation of target mRNAs, regulate a plethora of cellular activities, such as cell growth, differentiation, development, and apoptosis. In the case of skin keratinocytes, the role of miRNA in epidermal barrier integrity has been identified. Based on the impact of key genetic and environmental factors on the integrity and maintenance of skin barrier, the association of miRNAs within epidermal cell differentiation and proliferation, cell-cell adhesion, and skin lipids is reviewed. The critical role of miRNAs in the epidermal barrier extends the use of miRNAs for control of relevant skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, ichthyoses, and psoriasis via miRNA-based technologies. Most of the relevant miRNAs have been associated with keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation. Few studies have investigated the association of miRNAs with structural proteins of corneocytes and cornified envelopes, cell-cell adhesion, and skin lipids. Further studies investigating the association between regulatory and structural components of epidermal barrier and miRNAs are needed to elucidate the role of miRNAs in epidermal barrier integrity and their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, 814 Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-773, Korea
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23
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Topical Applications of Thiosulfinate-Enriched Allium sativum Extract Accelerates Acute Cutaneous Wound Healing in Murine Model. Chin J Integr Med 2020; 26:812-818. [PMID: 32418180 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-020-3086-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether topical applications of thiosulfinate-enriched Allium sativum extract (TASE) can accelerate acute cutaneous wound healing (WH) in a murine model. METHODS Keratinocyte viability and in vitro wound closure were assessed in keratinocyte cultures. Effects of topical TASE (0.5 μg/mL of allicin in 97% ethanol) on acute cutaneous WH were determined in a murine model of acute cutaneous wound. Twelve mice were alternately assigned to the vehicle- and TASE-treated groups (n=6 per group). Expression levels of mRNA for keratinocyte differentiation marker-related proteins (filaggrin, loricrin and involucrin) and lipid synthetic enzymes (elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 4 (ELOVL4), fatty acid synthase (FA2H), 3-hydroxy- 3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCoA), and serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT)) were assessed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction on day 3 and 8 after wounding, while transepidermal water loss (TEWL) rates were measured in wounded areas. RESULTS TASE accelerated WH both in vivo (40% vs. 22% reduction in wound area, P<0.01) and in vitro (90% vs. 65% reduction in wound area, P<0.01). Moreover, topical applications of TASE upregulated the expression levels of epidermal mRNA for ELOVL4, HMGCoA, SPT, filaggrin, loricrin and involucrin (P<0.05 vs. vehicle-treated controls) on day 3 after wounding. Likewise, TASE significantly lowered TEWL rates in comparison with vehicle alone on day 8 (33.06±2.09 g/(m2·h) vs. 24.60±2.04 g/(m2·h), P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Topical applications of TASE stimulated keratinocyte proliferation and formation of epidermal permeability barrier function, leading to acceleration of acute cutaneous WH. Topical products containing TASE could be used to manage acute cutaneous WH.
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Hong JY, Park SJ, Seo SJ, Park KY. Oily sensitive skin: A review of management options. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 19:1016-1020. [PMID: 32112510 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the ever-increasing demands for the personalized care, people seek for the tailored management according to the accurate identification of their skin type. The Baumann Skin Type Indicator, which was proposed by Leslie Baumann, is composed of four parameters: oily or dry, resistant or sensitive, pigmented or nonpigmented, and wrinkled or tight. Among these, oily sensitive skin experiences significant discomfort and resists ordinary treatment. AIMS In this article, we will review the clinical manifestations, underlying pathogenesis and recommendations on treatment options that may be utilized to help patients with oily sensitive skin. PATIENTS/METHODS Literature search was conducted using PubMed. The literature concerning Baumann Skin Type Indicator and oily sensitive skin type were considered. RESULTS Oily sensitive (OS)-type skin is a complex of oily and sensitive skin that causes significant discomfort and undergoes stubborn resistance to treatments. Sebum dysfunction and hypersensitivity may play a key role in the development of sensitive skin. Considering the pathogenesis of OS-type skin, treatment should focus on both seborrhea and hypersensitivity. CONCLUSION Clinicians can effectively treat the oily sensitive skin by understanding underlying pathogenesis of it. Further investigations are necessary to reach a consensus on the basic pathophysiology and optimal management guidelines for oily sensitive skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Hong
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Jung Park
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Jun Seo
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kui Young Park
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Gentiana lutea Extract Modulates Ceramide Synthesis in Primary and Psoriasis-Like Keratinocytes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081832. [PMID: 32316273 PMCID: PMC7221824 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gentiana lutea is a bitter herb that is traditionally used to improve gastric disorders. Recently, we have shown that Gentiana lutea extract (GE) also modulates the lipid metabolism of human keratinocytes in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we investigated the role of GE on ceramide synthesis in human primary keratinocytes (HPKs) and psoriasis-like keratinocytes. We could demonstrate that GE increased the concentrations of glucosylceramides and the ceramide AS/AdS subclass without affecting the overall ceramide content in HPKs. The expression of ceramide synthase 3 (CERS3) and elongases (ELOVL1 and 4) was reduced in psoriasis lesions compared to healthy skin. Psoriasis-like HPKs, generated by stimulating HPKs with cytokines that are involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis (IL-17, TNF-α, IL-22 and IFN-γ) showed increased levels of IL-6, IL-8 and increased expression of DEFB4A, as well as decreased expression of ELOVL4. The treatment with GE partly rescued the reduced expression of ELOVL4 in psoriasis-like HPKs and augmented CERS3 expression. This study has shown that GE modulates ceramide synthesis in keratinocytes. Therefore, GE might be a novel topical treatment for skin diseases with an altered lipid composition such as psoriasis.
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26
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Yang R, Chowdhury S, Choudhary V, Chen X, Bollag WB. Keratinocyte aquaporin-3 expression induced by histone deacetylase inhibitors is mediated in part by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:380-386. [PMID: 32003033 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The water and glycerol channel, aquaporin-3 (AQP3), plays an important role in the skin epidermis, with effects on hydration, permeability barrier repair and wound healing; therefore, information about the mechanisms regulating its expression is important for a complete understanding of skin function physiologically and in disease conditions. We previously demonstrated that histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) induce the mRNA and protein expression of AQP3, in part through the p53 family, transcription factors for which acetylation is known to affect their regulatory activity. Another set of transcription factors previously shown to induce AQP3 expression and/or regulate skin function are the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Since there are reports that PPARs are also acetylated, we examined the involvement of these nuclear hormone receptors in HDACi-induced AQP3 expression. We first verified that a PPARγ agonist upregulated AQP3 mRNA and protein levels and that this increase was blocked by a PPARγ antagonist. We then showed that the PPARγ antagonist also inhibited AQP3 expression induced both by a broad-spectrum HDACi and an HDAC3-selective inhibitor. Interestingly, a PPARα antagonist also inhibited HDACi-induced AQP3 expression. These antagonist effects were observed in both primary mouse and normal human keratinocytes. Furthermore, PPARγ overexpression enhanced HDACi-stimulated AQP3 mRNA levels. Thus, our results suggest that PPARγ and/or PPARα may play a role in regulating AQP3 levels in the skin; based on the ability of PPAR agonists to promote epidermal differentiation and/or inhibit proliferation, topical PPAR agonists might be considered as a therapy for hyperproliferative skin disorders, such as psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yang
- Department of Physiology, Jianghan University Medical School, Wuhan, China.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Shinjini Chowdhury
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Vivek Choudhary
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Xunsheng Chen
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Wendy B Bollag
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.,Department of Medicine (Dermatology), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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27
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Molecular Mechanism of Epidermal Barrier Dysfunction as Primary Abnormalities. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041194. [PMID: 32054030 PMCID: PMC7072774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal barrier integrity could be influenced by various factors involved in epidermal cell differentiation and proliferation, cell–cell adhesion, and skin lipids. Dysfunction of this barrier can cause skin disorders, including eczema. Inversely, eczema can also damage the epidermal barrier. These interactions through vicious cycles make the mechanism complicated in connection with other mechanisms, particularly immunologic responses. In this article, the molecular mechanisms concerning epidermal barrier abnormalities are reviewed in terms of the following categories: epidermal calcium gradients, filaggrin, cornified envelopes, desquamation, and skin lipids. Mechanisms linked to ichthyoses, atopic dermatitis without exacerbation or lesion, and early time of experimental irritation were included. On the other hand, the mechanism associated with epidermal barrier abnormalities resulting from preceding skin disorders was excluded. The molecular mechanism involved in epidermal barrier dysfunction has been mostly episodic. Some mechanisms have been identified in cultured cells or animal models. Nonetheless, research into the relationship between the causative molecules has been gradually increasing. Further evidence-based systematic data of target molecules and their interactions would probably be helpful for a better understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the dysfunction of the epidermal barrier.
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28
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Helder RWJ, Boiten WA, van Dijk R, Gooris GS, El Ghalbzouri A, Bouwstra JA. The effects of LXR agonist T0901317 and LXR antagonist GSK2033 on morphogenesis and lipid properties in full thickness skin models. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1865:158546. [PMID: 31678517 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Full thickness models (FTMs) are 3D-cultured human skin models that mimic many aspects of native human skin (NHS). However, their stratum corneum (SC) lipid composition differs from NHS causing a reduced skin barrier. The most pronounced differences in lipid composition are a reduction in lipid chain length and increased monounsaturated lipids. The liver-X-receptor (LXR) activates the monounsaturated lipid synthesis via stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1). Therefore, the aim was to improve the SC lipid synthesis of FTMs by LXR deactivation. This was achieved by supplementing culture medium with LXR antagonist GSK2033. LXR agonist T0901317 was added for comparison. Subsequently, epidermal morphogenesis, lipid composition, lipid organization and the barrier functionality of these FTMs were assessed. We demonstrate that LXR deactivation resulted in a lipid composition with increased overall chain lengths and reduced levels of monounsaturation, whereas LXR activation increased the amount of monounsaturated lipids and led to a reduction in the overall chain length. However, these changes did not affect the barrier functionality. In conclusion, LXR deactivation led to the development of FTMs with improved lipid properties, which mimic the lipid composition of NHS more closely. These novel findings may contribute to design interventions to normalize SC lipid composition of atopic dermatitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W J Helder
- Division of Biotherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Walter A Boiten
- Division of Biotherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Rianne van Dijk
- Division of Biotherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Gerrit S Gooris
- Division of Biotherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Joke A Bouwstra
- Division of Biotherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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29
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Hubaux R, Bastin C, Salmon M. On the relevance of an in vitro reconstructed human epidermis model for drug screening in atopic dermatitis. Exp Dermatol 2019; 27:1403-1407. [PMID: 30339308 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the development of human-based in vitro models offer new tools for drug screening and mechanistic investigations of new therapeutic agents. However, there is a lack of evidence that disease models respond favourably to potential drug candidates. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a very common disease associated with an altered skin barrier and chronic inflammation. Here, we demonstrate that the AD-like features of a reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) model treated with Th2 cytokines are reversed in the presence of molecules known to have a beneficial effect on damaged skin as a result of modulating various signalling cascades including the Liver X Receptors and JAK/STAT pathways. This work shows that standardized and reproducible RHE are relevant models for therapeutic research assessing new drug candidates aiming to restore epidermal integrity in an inflammatory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Hubaux
- StratiCELL Laboratories, Research and Development, Isnes, Belgium
| | - Coralie Bastin
- StratiCELL Laboratories, Research and Development, Isnes, Belgium
| | - Michel Salmon
- StratiCELL Laboratories, Research and Development, Isnes, Belgium
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30
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Jia T, Qiao W, Yao Q, Wu W, Kaku K. Treatment with Docosahexaenoic Acid Improves Epidermal Keratinocyte Differentiation and Ameliorates Inflammation in Human Keratinocytes and Reconstructed Human Epidermis Models. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173156. [PMID: 31480216 PMCID: PMC6749566 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that can cause skin barrier function damage. Although co-incubation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) exerts a positive effect on deficient skin models, no studies have investigated the effects of topical treatment with DHA in an inflammatory reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) model. The effects of DHA on monolayer normal human epidermal keratinocyte (NHEK) cells were evaluated using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The skin-related barrier function was assessed using hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining, Western blot (WB), immunohistofluorescence (IF), and ELISA in normal and inflammatory RHE models. Docosahexaenoic acid upregulated filaggrin and loricrin expression at mRNA levels in addition to suppressing overexpression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-α (IL-1α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) stimulated by polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (stimulation cocktail) in cultured NHEK cells. After topical treatment with DHA, cocktail-induced inflammatory characteristics of skin diseases, including barrier morphology, differentiation proteins, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) secretion, were alleviated in RHE models. Supplementation with DHA can improve related barrier function and have anti-inflammation effects in monolayer keratinocytes and RHE models, which indicates that DHA may have potential value for the treatment of inflammation-associated skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinghan Jia
- Pigeon Maternal & Infant Skin Care Research Institute, Shanghai 201700, China.
| | - Wu Qiao
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Qifeng Yao
- Pigeon Maternal & Infant Skin Care Research Institute, Shanghai 201700, China
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ken Kaku
- Pigeon Maternal & Infant Skin Care Research Institute, Shanghai 201700, China
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31
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Minzaghi D, Pavel P, Dubrac S. Xenobiotic Receptors and Their Mates in Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4234. [PMID: 31470652 PMCID: PMC6747412 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common inflammatory skin disease worldwide. It is a chronic, relapsing and pruritic skin disorder which results from epidermal barrier abnormalities and immune dysregulation, both modulated by environmental factors. AD is strongly associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis in the so-called 'atopic march.' Xenobiotic receptors and their mates are ligand-activated transcription factors expressed in the skin where they control cellular detoxification pathways. Moreover, they regulate the expression of genes in pathways involved in AD in epithelial cells and immune cells. Activation or overexpression of xenobiotic receptors in the skin can be deleterious or beneficial, depending on context, ligand and activation duration. Moreover, their impact on skin might be amplified by crosstalk among xenobiotic receptors and their mates. Because they are activated by a broad range of endogenous molecules, drugs and pollutants owing to their promiscuous ligand affinity, they have recently crystalized the attention of researchers, including in dermatology and especially in the AD field. This review examines the putative roles of these receptors in AD by critically evaluating the conditions under which the proteins and their ligands have been studied. This information should provide new insights into AD pathogenesis and ways to develop new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Minzaghi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Petra Pavel
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sandrine Dubrac
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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32
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Shamilov R, Aneskievich BJ. Intrinsic Disorder in Nuclear Receptor Amino Termini: From Investigational Challenge to Therapeutic Opportunity. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.32527/2019/101417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rambon Shamilov
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3092, USA
| | - Brian J. Aneskievich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3092, USA
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33
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Yan H, Gao Y, Ding Q, Liu J, Li Y, Jin M, Xu H, Ma S, Wang X, Zeng W, Chen Y. Exosomal Micro RNAs Derived from Dermal Papilla Cells Mediate Hair Follicle Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1368-1382. [PMID: 31337968 PMCID: PMC6643152 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.33233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that dermal papilla cell-derived exosomes (DPC-Exos) promote the anagen stage of hair follicle (HF) growth and delay the catagen stage. However, the roles of DPC-Exos in regulating hair follicle stem cell (HFSC) quiescence and activation remain unknown. Here, we found that HFSC differentiation was induced by co-culture with DPCs, and that DPC-Exos attached to the surface of HFSCs. Using micro RNA (miRNA) high-throughput sequencing, we identified 111 miRNAs that were significantly differentially expressed between DPC-Exos and DPCs, and the predicted target genes of the top 34 differentially expressed miRNAs indicated that DPC-Exos regulate HFSCs proliferation and differentiation via genes involved in cellular signal transduction, fatty acid expression regulation, and cellular communication. The overexpression of miR-22-5p indicated that it negatively regulates HFSC proliferation and LEF1 was revealed as the direct target gene of miR-22-5p. We therefore propose the miR-22-5p-LEF1 axis as a novel pathway regulating HFSC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Life Science Research Center, Yulin University, Yulin, China
| | - Ye Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- School of Medicine, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Miaohan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Han Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Sen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wenxian Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yulin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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34
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Astaxanthin as a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) Modulator: Its Therapeutic Implications. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17040242. [PMID: 31018521 PMCID: PMC6521084 DOI: 10.3390/md17040242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are part of the nuclear hormone receptors superfamily that plays a pivotal role in functions such as glucose and lipid homeostasis. Astaxanthin (ASX) is a lipid-soluble xanthophyll carotenoid synthesized by many microorganisms and various types of marine life that is known to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, and anticancer activities. As such, it is a promising nutraceutical resource. ASX-mediated modulation of PPARs and its therapeutic implications in various pathophysiological conditions are described in this review. ASX primarily enhances the action of PPARα and suppresses that of PPARβ/δ and PPARγ, but it has also been confirmed that ASX displays the opposite effects on PPARs, depending on the cell context. Anti-inflammatory effects of ASX are mediated by PPARγ activation, which induces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages and gastric epithelial cells. The PPARγ-agonistic effect of ASX treatment results in the inhibition of cellular growth and apoptosis in tumor cells. Simultaneous and differential regulation of PPARα and PPARγ activity by ASX has demonstrated a hepatoprotective effect, maintaining hepatic lipid homeostasis and preventing related hepatic problems. Considering additional therapeutic benefits of ASX such as anti-gastric, cardioprotective, immuno-modulatory, neuroprotective, retinoprotective, and osteogenic effects, more studies on the association between ASX-mediated PPAR regulation and its therapeutic outcomes in various pathophysiological conditions are needed to further elucidate the role of ASX as a novel nutraceutical PPAR modulator.
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35
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Crumrine D, Khnykin D, Krieg P, Man MQ, Celli A, Mauro TM, Wakefield JS, Menon G, Mauldin E, Miner JH, Lin MH, Brash AR, Sprecher E, Radner FPW, Choate K, Roop D, Uchida Y, Gruber R, Schmuth M, Elias PM. Mutations in Recessive Congenital Ichthyoses Illuminate the Origin and Functions of the Corneocyte Lipid Envelope. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:760-768. [PMID: 30471252 PMCID: PMC11249047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The corneocyte lipid envelope (CLE), a monolayer of ω-hydroxyceramides whose function(s) remain(s) uncertain, is absent in patients with autosomal recessive congenital ichthyoses with mutations in enzymes that regulate epidermal lipid synthesis. Secreted lipids fail to transform into lamellar membranes in certain autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis epidermis, suggesting the CLE provides a scaffold for the extracellular lamellae. However, because cornified envelopes are attenuated in these autosomal recessive congenital ichthyoses, the CLE may also provide a scaffold for subjacent cornified envelope formation, evidenced by restoration of cornified envelopes after CLE rescue. We provide multiple lines of evidence that the CLE originates as lamellar body-limiting membranes fuse with the plasma membrane: (i) ABCA12 patients and Abca12-/- mice display normal CLEs; (ii) CLEs are normal in Netherton syndrome, despite destruction of secreted LB contents; (iii) CLEs are absent in VSP33B-negative patients; (iv) limiting membranes of lamellar bodies are defective in lipid-synthetic autosomal recessive congenital ichthyoses; and (v) lipoxygenases, lipase activity, and LIPN co-localize within putative lamellar bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Crumrine
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Denis Khnykin
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter Krieg
- Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mao-Qiang Man
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Anna Celli
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Theodora M Mauro
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Joan S Wakefield
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Mauldin
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Miner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Meei-Hua Lin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alan R Brash
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Eli Sprecher
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Franz P W Radner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Keith Choate
- Departments of Dermatology and Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Dennis Roop
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Yoshikazu Uchida
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert Gruber
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Schmuth
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter M Elias
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
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36
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Goleva E, Berdyshev E, Leung DY. Epithelial barrier repair and prevention of allergy. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1463-1474. [PMID: 30776025 DOI: 10.1172/jci124608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases have in common a dysfunctional epithelial barrier, which allows the penetration of allergens and microbes, leading to the release of type 2 cytokines that drive allergic inflammation. The accessibility of skin, compared with lung or gastrointestinal tissue, has facilitated detailed investigations into mechanisms underlying epithelial barrier dysfunction in atopic dermatitis (AD). This Review describes the formation of the skin barrier and analyzes the link between altered skin barrier formation and the pathogenesis of AD. The keratinocyte differentiation process is under tight regulation. During epidermal differentiation, keratinocytes sequentially switch gene expression programs, resulting in terminal differentiation and the formation of a mature stratum corneum, which is essential for the skin to prevent allergen or microbial invasion. Abnormalities in keratinocyte differentiation in AD skin result in hyperproliferation of the basal layer of epidermis, inhibition of markers of terminal differentiation, and barrier lipid abnormalities, compromising skin barrier and antimicrobial function. There is also compelling evidence for epithelial dysregulation in asthma, food allergy, eosinophilic esophagitis, and allergic rhinosinusitis. This Review examines current epithelial barrier repair strategies as an approach for allergy prevention or intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Goleva
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Evgeny Berdyshev
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Donald Ym Leung
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, and.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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37
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Galimberti F, Kamath P, Miteva M. SnapshotDx Quiz: December 2018. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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38
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Elias PM, Wakefield JS, Man MQ. Moisturizers versus Current and Next-Generation Barrier Repair Therapy for the Management of Atopic Dermatitis. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 32:1-7. [PMID: 30336483 DOI: 10.1159/000493641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We compare here the principal characteristics of over-the-counter moisturizers with physiologic lipid-based barrier repair therapy. Moisturizers are standard ancillary therapy for anti-inflammatory skin disorders, like atopic dermatitis (AD), and can attenuate the emergence of AD, the initial step in the "atopic march." But not all moisturizers are beneficial; some can make skin function worse, and can even induce inflammation, possibly accounting for the frequent occurrence of "sensitive skin" in women. In contrast, physiologic lipid-based barrier repair therapy, if comprised of the 3 key stratum corneum lipids, in sufficient quantities and at an appropriate molar ratio, can correct the barrier abnormality and reduce inflammation in AD, and perhaps in other inflammatory dermatoses.
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39
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Weber K, Casali C, Gaveglio V, Pasquaré S, Morel Gómez E, Parra L, Erjavec L, Perazzo C, Fernández Tome MC. TAG synthesis and storage under osmotic stress. A requirement for preserving membrane homeostasis in renal cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:1108-1120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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40
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Hong F, Xu P, Zhai Y. The Opportunities and Challenges of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors Ligands in Clinical Drug Discovery and Development. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082189. [PMID: 30060458 PMCID: PMC6121873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a well-known pharmacological target for the treatment of multiple diseases, including diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases and even primary biliary cholangitis, gout, cancer, Alzheimer's disease and ulcerative colitis. The three PPAR isoforms (α, β/δ and γ) have emerged as integrators of glucose and lipid metabolic signaling networks. Typically, PPARα is activated by fibrates, which are commonly used therapeutic agents in the treatment of dyslipidemia. The pharmacological activators of PPARγ include thiazolidinediones (TZDs), which are insulin sensitizers used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), despite some drawbacks. In this review, we summarize 84 types of PPAR synthetic ligands introduced to date for the treatment of metabolic and other diseases and provide a comprehensive analysis of the current applications and problems of these ligands in clinical drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Hong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
- Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yonggong Zhai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
- Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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Czarnowicki T, Dohlman AB, Malik K, Antonini D, Bissonnette R, Chan TC, Zhou L, Wen HC, Estrada Y, Xu H, Bryson C, Shen J, Lala D, Ma'ayan A, McGeehan G, Gregg R, Guttman-Yassky E. Effect of short-term liver X receptor activation on epidermal barrier features in mild to moderate atopic dermatitis: A randomized controlled trial. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018; 120:631-640.e11. [PMID: 29567358 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver X receptors (LXRs) are involved in maintaining epidermal barrier and suppressing inflammatory responses in model systems. The LXR agonist VTP-38543 showed promising results in improving barrier function and inflammatory responses in model systems. OBJECTIVE To assess the safety, tolerability, cellular and molecular changes, and clinical efficacy of the topical VTP-38543 in adults with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis (AD). METHODS A total of 104 ambulatory patients with mild to moderate AD were enrolled in this randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled trial between December 2015 and September 2016. VTP-38543 cream in 3 concentrations (0.05%, 0.15%, and 1.0%) or placebo was applied twice daily for 28 days. Pretreatment and posttreatment skin biopsy specimens were obtained from a subset of 33 patients. Changes in SCORing of Atopic Dermatitis, Eczema Area and Severity Index, Investigator's Global Assessment, and tissue biomarkers (by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining) were evaluated. RESULTS Topical VTP-38543 was safe and well tolerated. VTP-38543 significantly increased messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of epidermal barrier differentiation (loricrin and filaggrin, P = .02) and lipid (adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette subfamily G member 1 and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c, P < .01) measures and reduced epidermal hyperplasia markers (thickness, keratin 16 mRNA). VTP-38543 nonsignificantly suppressed cellular infiltrates and down-regulated mRNA expression of several TH17/TH22-related (phosphatidylinositol 3, S100 calcium-binding protein A12) and innate immunity (interleukin 6) markers. CONCLUSION Topical VTP-38543 is safe and well tolerated. Its application led to improvement in barrier differentiation and lipids. Longer-term studies are needed to clarify whether a barrier-based approach can induce meaningful suppression of immune abnormalities. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02655679.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Czarnowicki
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Anders B Dohlman
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai School, New York, New York
| | - Kunal Malik
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; College of Medicine, SUNY Downstate, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Diane Antonini
- Vitae Pharmaceuticals Inc, an Allergan affiliate, Irvine, California
| | | | - Tom C Chan
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Lisa Zhou
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Huei-Chi Wen
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Yeriel Estrada
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Catherine Bryson
- Vitae Pharmaceuticals Inc, an Allergan affiliate, Irvine, California
| | - Jie Shen
- Allergan plc, Irvine, California
| | - Deepak Lala
- Vitae Pharmaceuticals Inc, an Allergan affiliate, Irvine, California
| | - Avi Ma'ayan
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai School, New York, New York
| | - Gerard McGeehan
- Vitae Pharmaceuticals Inc, an Allergan affiliate, Irvine, California
| | - Richard Gregg
- Vitae Pharmaceuticals Inc, an Allergan affiliate, Irvine, California
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York.
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42
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Mauldin EA, Crumrine D, Casal ML, Jeong S, Opálka L, Vavrova K, Uchida Y, Park K, Craiglow B, Choate KA, Shin KO, Lee YM, Grove GL, Wakefield JS, Khnykin D, Elias PM. Cellular and Metabolic Basis for the Ichthyotic Phenotype in NIPAL4 (Ichthyin)-Deficient Canines. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:1419-1429. [PMID: 29548991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in several lipid synthetic enzymes that block fatty acid and ceramide production produce autosomal recessive congenital ichthyoses (ARCIs) and associated abnormalities in permeability barrier homeostasis. However, the basis for the phenotype in patients with NIPAL4 (ichthyin) mutations (among the most prevalent ARCIs) remains unknown. Barrier function was abnormal in an index patient and in canines with homozygous NIPAL4 mutations, attributable to extensive membrane stripping, likely from detergent effects of nonesterified free fatty acid. Cytotoxicity compromised not only lamellar body secretion but also formation of the corneocyte lipid envelope (CLE) and attenuation of the cornified envelope (CE), consistent with a previously unrecognized, scaffold function of the CLE. Together, these abnormalities result in failure to form normal lamellar bilayers, accounting for the permeability barrier abnormality and clinical phenotype in NIPA-like domain-containing 4 (NIPAL4) deficiency. Thus, NIPAL4 deficiency represents another lipid synthetic ARCI that converges on the CLE (and CE), compromising their putative scaffold function. However, the clinical phenotype only partially improved after normalization of CLE and CE structure with topical ω-O-acylceramide because of ongoing accumulation of toxic metabolites, further evidence that proximal, cytotoxic metabolites contribute to disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Mauldin
- Department of Dermatopathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Debra Crumrine
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California; Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Margret L Casal
- Department of Dermatopathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sekyoo Jeong
- Department of BioCosmetics, Seowon University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Lukáš Opálka
- Department of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Vavrova
- Department of BioCosmetics, Seowon University, Cheongju, South Korea; Department of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Yoshikazu Uchida
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California; Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Kyungho Park
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California; Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Brittany Craiglow
- Department of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Dermatology, Genetics, and Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Keith A Choate
- Department of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Dermatology, Genetics, and Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kyong-Oh Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk Natl University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Yong-Moon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk Natl University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Gary L Grove
- Department of Research and Development, cyberDERM, Media, Pennsylvania
| | - Joan S Wakefield
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California; Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Denis Khnykin
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter M Elias
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California; Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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Abstract
The nuclear receptor family of transcription factor proteins mediates endocrine function and plays critical roles in the development, physiology and pharmacology. Malfunctioning nuclear receptors are associated with several disease states. The functional activity of nuclear receptors is regulated by small molecular hormonal and synthetic molecules. Multiple sources of evidence have identified and distinguished between the different allosteric pathways initiated by ligands, DNA and cofactors such as co-activators and co-repressors. Also, these biophysical studies are attempting to determine how these pathways that regulate co-activator and DNA recognition can control gene transcription. Thus, there is a growing interest in determining the genome-scale impact of allostery in nuclear receptors. Today, it is accepted that a detailed understanding of the allosteric regulatory pathways within the nuclear receptor molecular complex will enable the development of efficient drug therapies in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias J Fernandez
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Tennessee, USA.
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44
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Chandran K, Goswami S, Sharma-Walia N. Implications of a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) ligand clofibrate in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:15577-99. [PMID: 26621841 PMCID: PMC4941262 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory and invasive breast cancers are aggressive and require better understanding for the development of new treatments and more accurate prognosis. Here, we detected high expression of PPARα in human primary inflammatory (SUM149PT) and highly invasive (SUM1315MO2) breast cancer cells, and tissue sections of human breast cancer. PPARα ligands are clinically used to treat dyslipidemia. Among lipid lowering drugs clofibrate, fenofibrate and WY14643, clofibrate showed high chemo-sensitivity towards breast cancer cells. Clofibrate treatment significantly induced PPARα DNA binding activity, and remarkably reduced cyclooxygenase-2/PGE2 and 5-lipoxygenase/LTB4 inflammatory pathways. Clofibrate treatment reduced the proliferation of breast cancer cells probably by inhibiting NF-κB and ERK1/2 activation, reducing cyclinD1, cyclinA, cyclinE, and inducing pro-apoptotic P21 levels. Surprisingly, the expression of lipogenic pathway genes including SREBP-1c (sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c), HMG-CoA synthase, SPTLC1 (serine palmitoyltransferase long-chain), and Acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO) decreased with a concurrent increase in fatty acid oxidation genes such as CPT-1a (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a) and SREBP-2 (Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2). Clofibrate treatment induced secretion of free fatty acids and effectively decreased the level of phosphorylated active form of fatty acid synthase (FASN), an enzyme catalyzing de novo synthesis of fatty acids. High level of coactivators steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) and histone acetylase CBP-300 (CREB binding protein-300) were observed in the nuclear complexes of clofibrate treated breast cancer cells. These findings implicate that stimulating PPARα by safe, well-tolerated, and clinically approved clofibrate may provide a safer and more effective strategy to target the signaling, lipogenic, and inflammatory pathways in aggressive forms of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthic Chandran
- H. M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Sudeshna Goswami
- H. M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Neelam Sharma-Walia
- H. M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
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PPAR- γ Agonists and Their Role in Primary Cicatricial Alopecia. PPAR Res 2017; 2017:2501248. [PMID: 29333153 PMCID: PMC5733188 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2501248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor that regulates the transcription of various genes. PPAR-γ plays roles in lipid homeostasis, sebocyte maturation, and peroxisome biogenesis and has shown anti-inflammatory effects. PPAR-γ is highly expressed in human sebaceous glands. Disruption of PPAR-γ is believed to be one of the mechanisms of primary cicatricial alopecia (PCA) pathogenesis, causing pilosebaceous dysfunction leading to follicular inflammation. In this review article, we discuss the pathogenesis of PCA with a focus on PPAR-γ involvement in pathogenesis of lichen planopilaris (LPP), the most common lymphocytic form of PCA. We also discuss clinical trials utilizing PPAR-agonists in PCA treatment.
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46
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Human Skin Permeation Studies with PPARγ Agonist to Improve Its Permeability and Efficacy in Inflammatory Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122548. [PMID: 29182532 PMCID: PMC5751151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Rosacea is the most common inflammatory skin disease. It is characterized by erythema, inflammatory papules and pustules, visible blood vessels, and telangiectasia. The current treatment has limitations and unsatisfactory results. Pioglitazone (PGZ) is an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), a nuclear receptor that regulates important cellular functions, including inflammatory responses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the permeation of PGZ with a selection of penetration enhancers and to analyze its effectiveness for treating rosacea. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was validated for the quantitative determination of PGZ. Ex vivo permeation experiments were realized in Franz diffusion cells using human skin, in which PGZ with different penetration enhancers were assayed. The results showed that the limonene was the most effective penetration enhancer that promotes the permeation of PGZ through the skin. The cytotoxicity studies and the Draize test detected cell viability and the absence of skin irritation, respectively. The determination of the skin color using a skin colorimetric probe and the results of histopathological studies confirmed the ability of PGZ-limonene to reduce erythema and vasodilation. This study suggests new pharmacological indications of PGZ and its possible application in the treatment of skin diseases, namely rosacea.
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47
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Combined Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed AKR1B10 Played an Important Role in Psoriasis through the Dysregulated Lipid Pathway and Overproliferation of Keratinocyte. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8717369. [PMID: 29204449 PMCID: PMC5674492 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8717369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
RNA-seq has enabled in-depth analysis of the pathogenesis of psoriasis on the transcriptomic level, and many biomarkers have been discovered to be related to the immune response, lipid metabolism, and keratinocyte proliferation. However, few studies have combined analysis from various datasets. In this study, we integrated different psoriasis RNA-seq datasets to reveal the pathogenesis of psoriasis through the analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), pathway analysis, and functional annotation. The revealed biomarkers were further validated through proliferation phenotypes. The results showed that DEGs were functionally related to lipid metabolism and keratinocyte differentiation dysregulation. The results also showed new biomarkers, such as AKR1B10 and PLA2G gene families, as well as pathways that include the PPAR signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, alpha-linoleic acid metabolism, and glycosphingolipid biosynthesis. Using siRNA knockdown assays, we further validated the role that the AKR1B10 gene plays in proliferation. Our study demonstrated not only the dysfunction of the AKR1B10 gene in lipid metabolizing but also its important role in the overproliferation and migration of keratinocyte, which provided evidence for further therapeutic uses for psoriasis.
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48
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Lovászi M, Szegedi A, Zouboulis CC, Törőcsik D. Sebaceous-immunobiology is orchestrated by sebum lipids. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2017; 9:e1375636. [PMID: 29484100 PMCID: PMC5821166 DOI: 10.1080/19381980.2017.1375636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The major role of sebaceous glands in mammals is to produce sebum, which coats the epidermis and the hair providing waterproofing, thermoregulation and photoprotection. However, as the need for these functions decreased along the evolutionary changes in humans, a relevant question has been raised: are sebaceous glands and sebum the remnants of our mammalian heritage or do they have overtaken a far more complex role in human skin biology? Trying to provide answers to this question, this review introduces the evolving field of sebaceous immunobiology and puts into the focus the pathways that sebum lipids use to influence the immune milieu of the skin. By introducing possible modifiers of sebaceous lipogenesis and discussing the – human-specific – alterations in composition and amount of sebum, the attribute of sebum as a sensitive tool, which is capable of translating multiple signalling pathways into the dermal micro environment is presented. Further their interaction with macrophages and keratinocytes involves sebum lipid fractions into disease pathogenesis, which could lead – on the other side – to the development of novel sebum-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Lovászi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Szegedi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Division of Dermatological Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodore Fontane, Dessau, Germany
| | - Dániel Törőcsik
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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49
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Cha HY, Ahn SH, Cheon JH, Park SY, Kim K. Hataedock treatment has preventive therapeutic effects for atopic dermatitis through skin barrier protection in Dermatophagoides farinae-induced NC/Nga mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 206:327-336. [PMID: 28583294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hataedock treatment is traditionally used for the purpose of preventing the future skin disease by feeding herbal extracts to the newborn in traditional Chinese and Korean medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the preventive therapeutic effects of Hataedock (HTD) treatment for atopic dermatitis (AD) through skin barrier protection in Dermatophagoides farinae-induced NC/Nga mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS To the HTD treatment group, the extract of Coptis japonica Makino and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer, which analyzed with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)-fingerprint for quality consistency, was administered orally to the 3-week-old mice before inducing AD. After that, Dermatophagoides farinae was applied except the control group to induce AD-like skin lesions. We confirmed the effects of HTD on morphological changes, protection of skin barrier, regulation of Th2 differentiation, inflammation regulation and induction of apoptosis through histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. RESULTS HTD effectively reduced edema, angiogenesis and skin lesion. HTD also increased the levels of liver X receptor (LXR) and filaggrin but decreased the level of protein kinase C (PKC) (p<0.01). The levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-13, signal transducer and activator of transcription-6 (STAT-6) and Cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40) were significantly reduced in the HTD treated group (p<0.01). HTD also suppressed the mast cell degranulation and the level of the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcɛRI), substance P, Matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) (p<0.01). The levels of inflammatory factors such as nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) p65, phosphorylated IκB (p-IκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were also decreased (p<0.01). Apoptosis of inflammatory cells was also found to increase (p<0.01). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that HTD effectively regulate the Th2 differentiation, mast cell activation and various inflammatory responses on AD-induced mice through protection of skin barrier. Therefore, HTD may have potential applications for alternative and preventive treatment in the management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Yeol Cha
- Department of Korean Pediatrics, Hospital of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Geumo-ro 20, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea; Department of Korean Pediatrics, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusandaehak-ro 49, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Hyun Ahn
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Semyung-ro 65, Jecheon-si, Chungbuk 27136, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Hong Cheon
- Department of Korean Pediatrics, Hospital of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Geumo-ro 20, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea; Department of Korean Pediatrics, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusandaehak-ro 49, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun-Young Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Semyung-ro 65, Jecheon-si, Chungbuk 27136, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kibong Kim
- Department of Korean Pediatrics, Hospital of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Geumo-ro 20, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea; Department of Korean Pediatrics, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusandaehak-ro 49, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea.
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50
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Zhou J, Ren T, Li Y, Cheng A, Xie W, Xu L, Peng L, Lin J, Lian L, Diao Y, Jin X, Yang L. Oleoylethanolamide inhibits α-melanocyte stimulating hormone-stimulated melanogenesis via ERK, Akt and CREB signaling pathways in B16 melanoma cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:56868-56879. [PMID: 28915638 PMCID: PMC5593609 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the potential inhibitory activity of oleoylethanolamide (OEA) on α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-stimulated melanogenesis and the molecular mechanism(s) involved in the process in B16 mouse melanoma cells. Our data demonstrated that OEA markedly inhibited melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in α-MSH-stimulated B16 cells. In addition, the expression of melanogenesis-related proteins, such as melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R), microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1) and tyrosinase, was suppressed in a concentration-dependent manner by OEA. In addition, OEA may suppress melanogenesis through a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα)-independent pathway. Moreover, OEA activated ERK, Akt, p38 pathways and inhibits CREB pathway in α-MSH-stimulated B16 cells. The specific ERK inhibitor PD98059 partly blocked OEA-inhibited melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity and partly abrogated the OEA-suppressed expression of melanogenic proteins. Furthermore, OEA presented remarkable inhibition on the body pigmentation in the zebrafish model system. Our findings demonstrated that OEA is an effective inhibitor of hyperpigmentation through activation of ERK, Akt and p38 pathways, inhibition of the CREB pathway, and subsequent down-regulation of MITF, TRP-1 and tyrosinase production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tong Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Anran Cheng
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wanyi Xie
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lanxi Xu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lu Peng
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jinbin Lin
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lianxiang Lian
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yong Diao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lichao Yang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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