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Chelva M, Kaushal S, West N, Erwin E, Yuma S, Sleeth J, Yahya-Malima KI, Shelley D, Risso-Gill I, Yeates K. "In the Village That She Comes from, Most of the People Don't Know Anything about Cervical Cancer": A Health Systems Appraisal of Cervical Cancer Prevention Services in Tanzania. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:1059. [PMID: 39200668 PMCID: PMC11353714 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21081059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women globally. It is the most common cancer in Tanzania, resulting in about 9772 new cases and 6695 deaths each year. Research has shown an association between low levels of risk perception and knowledge of the prevention, risks, signs, etiology, and treatment of cervical cancer and low screening uptake, as contributing to high rates of cervical cancer-related mortality. However, there is scant literature on the perspectives of a wider group of stakeholders (e.g., policymakers, healthcare providers (HCPs), and women at risk), especially those living in rural and semi-rural settings. The main objective of this study is to understand knowledge and perspectives on cervical cancer risk and screening among these populations. METHODS We adapted Risso-Gill and colleagues' framework for a Health Systems Appraisal (HSA), to identify HCPs' perspective of the extent to which health system requirements for effective cervical cancer screening, prevention, and control are in place in Tanzania. We adapted interview topic guides for cervical cancer screening using the HSA framework approach. Study participants (69 in total) were interviewed between 2014 and 2018-participants included key stakeholders, HCPs, and women at risk for cervical cancer. The data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis methodology. RESULTS Seven themes emerged from our analysis of semi-structured interviews and focus groups: (1) knowledge of the role of screening and preventive care/services (e.g., prevention, risks, signs, etiology, and treatment), (2) training and knowledge of HCPs, (3) knowledge of cervical cancer screening among women at risk, (4) beliefs about cervical cancer screening, (5) role of traditional medicine, (6) risk factors, and (7) symptoms and signs. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that there is a low level of knowledge of the role of screening and preventive services among stakeholders, HCPs, and women living in rural and semi-rural locations in Tanzania. There is a critical need to implement more initiatives and programs to increase the uptake of screening and related services and allow women to make more informed decisions on their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Chelva
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Sanchit Kaushal
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Nicola West
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Erica Erwin
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Safina Yuma
- Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children, Dodoma P.O. Box 743, Tanzania
| | - Jessica Sleeth
- Canadian Cancer Trials Group, Kingston, ON K7L 2V5, Canada
| | - Khadija I. Yahya-Malima
- Department of Nursing Management, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 65001, Tanzania
| | - Donna Shelley
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Isabelle Risso-Gill
- Specialty Registrar in Public Health, National Health Service (NHS), London SE1 8UG, UK
| | - Karen Yeates
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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Jia L, Wang L, Liu C, Liang Y, Lin Q. Bioactive peptides from foods: production, function, and application. Food Funct 2021; 12:7108-7125. [PMID: 34223585 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01265g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides are a class of peptides with special physiological functions and have potential applications in human health and disease prevention. Bioactive peptides have gained much research attention because they affect the cardiovascular, endocrine, immune, and nervous systems. Recent research has reported that bioactive peptides are of great value for physiological function regulation, including antioxidation, anti-hypertension, antithrombosis, antibacterial properties, anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, cholesterol-lowering, immunoregulation, mineral binding and opioid activities. The production of food-derived bioactive peptides is mainly through the hydrolysis of digestive enzymes and proteolytic enzymes or microbial fermentation. The purpose of this review is to introduce the production, function, application, challenges, and prospects of food-derived bioactive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Jia
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food For Special Medical Purpose, Hunan Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
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Numerical Simulations of Time-Dependent Micro-Rotation Blood Flow Induced by a Curved Moving Surface Through Conduction of Gold Particles with Non-uniform Heat Sink/Source. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-020-05106-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Garg P, Hazra DK. Conjugation of Antibodies with Radiogold Nanoparticles, as an Effector Targeting Agents in Radiobioconjugate Cancer Therapy: Optimized Labeling and Biodistribution Results. Indian J Nucl Med 2017; 32:296-303. [PMID: 29142346 PMCID: PMC5672750 DOI: 10.4103/ijnm.ijnm_80_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Drug accessibility to the tumor cells is an important area of concern with an anticipation of increasing the efficacy of the drug to be delivered to a specific site. The biogenesis of gold nanoparticles using plant-mediated phytochemical extracts and their possible linkage to cancer antibodies with an aim at delivering the conjugate specifically to the tumor-associated antigen is the basic objective of the research. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY Radiolabeling of antibodies with gold nanoparticles was carried out by a protocol, and the labeling extent of antibodies was compared with that of a radiogold solution to ordinary particulate size (AuNO-Ab). The amount of radiolabeling was estimated by subjecting the reaction mixtures to thin layer chromatography (ITLC-Silica-gel) in different solvent mediums, both by visual inspection of images of the Siemens Orbitor Gamma Camera ZLC-7500 and also by in vitro counting of the radioactive counts in different quarters of the chromatographic strips. Biodistribution relating to the deposition of injected dose in nontargeting sites (reticuloendothelial system [RES]-localization) was studied and efforts were made for reducing the same. RESULTS Much improved gold incorporation was confirmed at various molar ratios of gold to immunoglobulin (antibody) using nanogold solution (>85%). The RES uptake in the liver, spleen etc., was observed as a problem and the prior administration of unlabeled nonspecific gammaglobulin (before the actual radiolabeled product) was identified as the suitable blocking agent for this purpose. CONCLUSION The study signifies the potential for PEGylated gold nanoparticles of a precise size range, suitable to use as a delivery vehicle for targeting small biomolecules (antibody etc.) to the tumor site. The stability of this labeled immunoconjugate and other toxicity effects under physiological conditions needs further evaluation. If successful, this could be a role model for attaining high tumor/nontumor ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Garg
- Department of Chemistry, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Daya Kishore Hazra
- Department of Medicine, S.N. Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Chang Y, Niu W, Lian PL, Wang XQ, Meng ZX, Liu Y, Zhao R. Endocan-expressing microvessel density as a prognostic factor for survival in human gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5422-5429. [PMID: 27340359 PMCID: PMC4910663 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i23.5422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of endocan in tumour vessels and the relationships between endocan and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and prognosis in gastric cancer.
METHODS: This study included 142 patients with confirmed gastric cancer in a single cancer centre between 2008 and 2009. Clinicopathologic features were determined, and an immunohistochemical analysis of endocan-expressing microvessel density (MVD) (endocan-MVD), VEGF and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) was performed. Potential relationships between endocan-MVD and clinicopathological variables were assessed using a Student’s t-test or an analysis of variance test. Spearman’s rank correlation was applied to evaluate the relationship between endocan-MVD and the expression of VEGF/VEGFR2. Long-term survival of these patients was analysed using univariate and multivariate analyses.
RESULTS: Positive staining of endocan was observed in most of the gastric cancer tissues (108/142) and in fewer of the normal gastric tissues. Endocan-MVD was not associated with gender or histological type (P > 0.05), while endocan-MVD was associated with tumour size, Borrmann type, tumour differentiation, tumour invasion, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage (P < 0.05). According to the Spearman’s rank correlation analysis, endocan-MVD had a positive correlation with VEGF (r = 0.167, P = 0.047) and VEGFR2 (r = 0.410, P = 0.000). The univariate analysis with a log-rank test indicated that the patients with a high level of endocan-MVD had a significantly poorer overall survival rate than those with a low level of endocan-MVD (17.9% vs 64.0%, P = 0.000). The multivariate analysis showed that a high level of endocan-MVD was a valuable prognostic factor.
CONCLUSION: Endocan-MVD significantly correlates with the expression of VEGF and VEGFR2 and is a valuable prognostic factor for survival in human gastric cancer.
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Lee JY, Park JH, Kim SW. Synthesis and evaluation of folate-immobilized198Au@SiO2nanocomposite materials for the diagnosis of folate-receptor-overexpressed tumor. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Young Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry; College of Science and Technology, Dongguk University; Gyeongju 780-714 Republic of Korea
- Radiation Instrumentation Research Division; Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute; Jeongeup 580-185 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Park
- Radiation Instrumentation Research Division; Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute; Jeongeup 580-185 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Wook Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry; College of Science and Technology, Dongguk University; Gyeongju 780-714 Republic of Korea
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Babacan NA, Eğilmez HR, Yücel B, Parlak I, Şeker MM, Kaçan T, Bahçeci A, Cihan S, Akinci B, Eriten B, Kılıçkap S. The prognostic value of UHRF-1 and p53 in gastric cancer. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:25-9. [PMID: 26831603 PMCID: PMC4763524 DOI: 10.4103/1319-3767.173755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS This study aimed to examine whether UHRF-1 and p53 overexpression is a prognostic marker for gastric cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty-four patients with gastric cancer (study group) and 23 patients with gastritis (control group) were evaluated. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine expression of UHRF-1 and p53 in gastric cancers and a control group diagnosed with gastritis. RESULTS The median age was 63 years (18-83 years) in the study group. UHRF-1 was positive in 15 (23%) patients with gastric cancer and fi ve (21.7%) patients with gastritis (P = 0.559). UHRF1 expression level in gastric cancer is more powerful than in gastritis (P = 0.046). Thirty-seven (61%) patients with gastric cancer and only one patient with gastritis were p53 positive (P < 0.001). After a median follow-up of 12 months (1-110), the 2-year overall survival rates were 55% and 30% in negative and positive p53, respectively (P = 0.084). Also, the 2-year overall survival rates were 45% and 53% in negative and positive UHRF-1, respectively (P = 0.132). CONCLUSION According to this study, UHRF-1 and p53 were not prognostic factors for gastric cancer, whereas they may have a diagnostic value for differentiating between gastric cancer and gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalan A. Babacan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey,Address for correspondence: Dr. Nalan A. Babacan, University of Marmara - Istanbul, PO Box TR-58140, Istanbul, Turkey. E-mail:
| | | | - Birsen Yücel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Parlak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Metin Şeker
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Turgut Kaçan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Aykut Bahçeci
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Sener Cihan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Okmeydanı Education and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Bülent Akinci
- Department of Medical Oncology, Yıldırım Beyazıt University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berna Eriten
- Department of Pathology, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Saadettin Kılıçkap
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Guijarro-Díez M, García MC, Crego AL, Marina ML. Off-line two dimensional isoelectrofocusing-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (time of flight) for the determination of the bioactive peptide lunasin. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1371:117-24. [PMID: 25458526 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Progress in liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry technologies offers a great opportunity for the determination of bioactive peptides. Nevertheless, in many cases, the direct application of this technology does not enable the detection of the investigated peptides due to serious signal suppression. This is the case of lunasin, a cancer preventive, anti-inflammatory, and cholesterol-reducing peptide originally isolated from soybean and later found in some cereals. Most methods applied for the quantitation of this peptide were immunological and based on the detection of just a fragment of the lunasin sequence. At this regard, there is a peptide commercially available with a sequence similar to lunasin but differing in just one amino acid that has been wrongly used for the quantitation of lunasin. The use of high resolution mass spectrometry has enabled to be aware of this issue and of the need for new methods enabling the reliable identification and determination of lunasin. However, when different approaches were evaluated in this work for the reduction of the interferences originating signal suppression, such as matrix dilution, previous lunasin purification by reversed-phase or ion-exchange solid-phase extraction, and use of different chromatographic columns, no one resulted successful in the case of soybean. Just a one-dimensional separation of the soybean extract by isoelectrofocusing followed by a second dimension separation by reversed-phase liquid chromatography enabled a significant reduction of matrix interferences and the detection of lunasin in soybean products by high resolution mass spectrometry with a time of flight (TOF) analyzer. After method optimization, selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and limits of detection and quantitation were evaluated, being possible to quantitate as low as 25ng/mL (1.5μg lunasin/g protein). Concentration of lunasin in the analyzed soybean flour and textured soybean ranged from 14.0 to 22.5mg lunasin/g protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Guijarro-Díez
- Departments of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Biology, Environmental Sciences, and Chemistry,University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Calvo A, Brown KM, McDermott RJ, Bryant CA, Coreil J, Loseke D. Social Construction of Cervical Cancer Screening Among Panamanian Women. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2012.10599232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arlene Calvo
- a City of Knowledge, #118-B , University of South Florida , Clayton, Panama City , Panama
| | - Kelli McCormack Brown
- b Department of Health Education and Behavior , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida , 32601
| | - Robert J. McDermott
- c College of Public Health , University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , 33620
| | - Carol A. Bryant
- d College of Public Health , University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , 33620
| | - Jeanine Coreil
- e College of Public Health , University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , 33620
| | - Donileen Loseke
- f College of Arts and Sciences , University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , 33620
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Phillips SG, Della LJ, Sohn SH. What does cancer treatment look like in consumer cancer magazines? An exploratory analysis of photographic content in consumer cancer magazines. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2011; 16:416-430. [PMID: 21294022 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2010.546484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In an exploratory analysis of several highly circulated consumer cancer magazines, the authors evaluated congruency between visual images of cancer patients and target audience risk profile. The authors assessed 413 images of cancer patients/potential patients for demographic variables such as age, gender, and ethnicity/race. They compared this profile with actual risk statistics. The images in the magazines are considerably younger, more female, and more White than what is indicated by U.S. cancer risk statistics. The authors also assessed images for visual signs of cancer testing/diagnosis and treatment. Few individuals show obvious signs of cancer treatment (e.g., head scarves, skin/nail abnormalities, thin body types). Most images feature healthier looking people, some actively engaged in construction work, bicycling, and yoga. In contrast, a scan of the editorial content showed that nearly two thirds of the articles focus on treatment issues. To explicate the implications of this imagery-text discontinuity on readers' attention and cognitive processing, the authors used constructs from information processing and social identity theories. On the basis of these models/theories, the authors provide recommendations for consumer cancer magazines, suggesting that the imagery be adjusted to reflect cancer diagnosis realities for enhanced message attention and comprehension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene G Phillips
- Department of Communication, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA.
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Arvizo R, Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P. Gold nanoparticles: opportunities and challenges in nanomedicine. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 7:753-63. [PMID: 20408736 DOI: 10.1517/17425241003777010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Site-specific drug delivery is an important area of research that is anticipated to increase the efficacy of the drug and reduce potential side effects. Owing to this, substantial work has been done developing non-invasive and targeted tumor treatment with nanoscale metallic particles. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW This review focuses on the work done in the last few years developing gold nanoparticles as cancer therapeutics and diagnostic agents. However, there are challenges in using gold nanoparticles as drug delivery systems, such as biodistribution, pharmacokinetics and possible toxicity. Approaches to limit these issues are proposed. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN Different approaches from several different disciplines are discussed. Potential clinical applications of these engineered nanoparticles are also presented. TAKE HOME MESSAGE As a result of their unique size-dependent physicochemical and optical properties, adaptability, subcellular size and biocompatibility, these nanosized carriers offer a suitable means of transporting small molecules as well as biomacromolecules to diseased cells/tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle Arvizo
- Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Lara HH, Turrent LI, Garza-Treviño EN, Tamez-Guerra R, Rodriguez-Padilla C. Clinical and immunological assessment in breast cancer patients receiving anticancer therapy and bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract as an adjuvant. Exp Ther Med 2010; 1:425-431. [PMID: 22993557 DOI: 10.3892/etm_00000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dialyzable leukocyte extract (DLE) is one of the immunological agents used as an adjuvant in cancer therapy; it has been associated with improved quality of life during cancer chemotherapy. Based on these previous findings and on the observed clinical benefits attributed to DLE in other types of cancer, we investigated its clinical and immunological effects as a therapy adjuvant on breast cancer patients who received only chemotherapy, as compared to patients administered bovine DLE (bDLE) as an adjuvant. This study included 43 breast cancer patients who were about to begin chemotherapy. This group was divided as follows: 25 received chemotherapy and bDLE as an adjuvant therapy, and 18 received only chemotherapy without the adjuvant. All patient clinical and immunological responses were monitored. Among patients in the group that received bDLE as adjuvant, 60% showed a complete response, 32% showed a partial response and 8% did not respond. By contrast, in the group without the adjuvant, 39% showed a complete response, 50% displayed a partial response and 11% were non-responders. In addition, bDLE treatment in combination with chemotherapy resulted in the enhancement of the Karnofsky performance scale during chemotherapy. Even though patients underwent several cycles of chemotherapy without bDLE, the lymphocyte population dropped to below the reference value. On the other hand, in patients with bDLE as adjuvant, the CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes and the B lymphocytes were maintained within the median range of the reference value. The number of natural killer cells also increased after chemotherapy treatment with bDLE as an adjuvant. In conclusion, bDLE treatment contributes to significant immunological recovery in patients that have undergone heavy chemotherapy, increasing the clinical response and quality of life during chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto H Lara
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
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Hernández-Ledesma B, Hsieh CC, de Lumen BO. Lunasin, a novel seed peptide for cancer prevention. Peptides 2009; 30:426-30. [PMID: 19056440 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2008.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is a multistage process derived from a combination of multiple heritable and environmental factors. It has been reported that populations consuming high levels of soybean products have both lower cancer incidence and mortality rates in the western countries. Lunasin is a novel and promising peptide initially discovered in soy and now found in wheat, barley and other seeds. Its cancer-preventive efficacy has been shown in mammalian cells which were induced by chemical carcinogens and viral oncogenes. Moreover, this peptide has been found to prevent skin cancer in a mouse cancer model induced by chemical carcinogens. Its bioavailability after oral administration makes it a perfect candidate as a chemopreventive agent. The purpose of this article is to review the discovery of this seed peptide and the most recent evidence on its possible benefits as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Hernández-Ledesma
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, 231 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3104, USA
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Tonani M, Carvalho ECD. Cancer risk and preventive behavior: persuasion as an intervention strategy. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2008; 16:864-70. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-11692008000500011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2007] [Accepted: 08/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of interventions for health promotion, protection, and early diagnosis may include the process of persuasion employed. This study aims to evaluate the risk level of developing cancer, considering the pertinent risk factors, and the presence of persuasion and characteristics in communication regarding cancer prevention and early detection. It is an observational study, conducted among 110 inhabitants of a neighborhood in Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil. It was confirmed that there are high risks for colon/rectum, cervical, and endometrial cancer; and moderate risks for the above as well as lung and breast cancer. In terms of persuasion, it was observed that cancer information was spread but not sustained for long periods. Moreover, there was no reinforcement. In view of cancer risk and the identified preventive behaviors, persuasion is considered a useful strategy to reduce these risks, as well as to encourage and sustain preventive behaviors, since it indicates routes to be followed.
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Viel K, Charlesworth J, Tejero E, Dyer T, Cole S, Haack K, MacCluer J, Blangero J, Almasy L. A linkage analysis of cigarette and alcohol consumption in an unselected Mexican American population. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2008; 147B:983-6. [PMID: 18163450 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The use of alcohol and tobacco is highly prevalent. Studying the rate of consumption in a non-selected population could contribute to the elucidation of pathways involved in addiction or to the development of prevention programs. The San Antonio Family Heart Study has approximately 1,400 members with longitudinal data and did not select the proband with regard to exposure status. The goal of this study was to perform genome-wide linkage analysis of the rate of alcohol and cigarette consumption in a "normal" population. We used SOLAR to perform variance-components based analysis of the transformed maximal rate of consumption. Despite estimated heritabilities of 0.52 (P < 0.001) for cigarette and 0.39 (P < 0.001) for alcohol consumption, univariate linkage analyses produced only suggestive LOD scores, however the second suggestive linkage peak for the alcohol phenotype was present at 148 cM on chromosome 10, in the exact vicinity of the peak for the cigarette phenotype. In a bivariate analyses, the environmental correlation between alcohol and cigarette consumption was not significantly different from zero (rho(e) = -0.15, P = 0.18) and the overall genetic correlation was not different from zero (rho(g) = 0.16, P = 0.34). The results from the bivariate linkage analysis found a maximum LOD score of 3.82 (genome-wide P = 0.0054) at 151 cM on chromosome 10, at the location of the overlapping peaks from the univariate analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Viel
- Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, Department of Genetics, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
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Abstract
The Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI) is a small water-soluble protein present in soybean and almost all monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous seeds. The molecular size of BBI ranges from 1,513 Da to about 20,000 Da. BBI is to seeds what alpha(1)-antitrypsin is to humans. Soy-based food products rich in BBI include soybean grits, soymilk, oilcake, soybean isolate, and soybean protein concentrate. BBI is stable within the pH range encountered in most foods, can withstand boiling water temperature for 10 min, resistant to the pH range and proteolytic enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract, bioavailable, and not allergenic. BBI reduces the proteolytic activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, cathepsin G, and chymase, serine protease-dependent matrix metalloproteinases, urokinase protein activator, mitogen activated protein kinase, and PI3 kinase, and upregulates connexin 43 (Cx43) expression. Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of BBI against tumor cells in vitro, animal models, and human phase IIa clinical trials. FDA considers BBI as a drug. In 1999, FDA allowed a health claim on food labels stating that a daily diet containing 25 grams of soy protein, also low in saturated fat and cholesterol, may reduce the risk of heart disease [corrected] This review highlights the biochemical and functional food properties of the Bowman-Birk inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack N Losso
- Food Protein Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Stewart BW. Banding carcinogenic risks in developed countries: A procedural basis for qualitative assessment. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2008; 658:124-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2007.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Batty GD, Alves JG, Correia J, Lawlor DA. Examining life-course influences on chronic disease: the importance of birth cohort studies from low- and middle- income countries. An overview. Braz J Med Biol Res 2007; 40:1277-86. [PMID: 17876486 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2007000900015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2007] [Accepted: 08/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this overview are to describe the past and potential contributions of birth cohorts to understanding chronic disease aetiology; advance a justification for the maintenance of birth cohorts from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC); provide an audit of birth cohorts from LMIC; and, finally, offer possible future directions for this sphere of research. While the contribution of birth cohorts from affluent societies to understanding disease aetiology has been considerable, we describe several reasons to anticipate why the results from such studies might not be directly applied to LMIC. More than any other developing country, Brazil has a tradition of establishing, maintaining and exploiting birth cohort studies. The clear need for a broader geographical representation may be precipitated by a greater collaboration worldwide in the sharing of ideas, fieldwork experience, and cross-country cohort data comparisons in order to carry out the best science in the most efficient manner. This requires the involvement of a central overseeing body--such as the World Health Organization--that has the respect of all countries and the capacity to develop strategic plans for 'global' life-course epidemiology while addressing such issues as data-sharing. For rapid progress to be made, however, there must be minimal bureaucratic entanglements.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Batty
- MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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Grant WB. Smoking, alcohol, diet and low vitamin D overlooked as modern cancer risk factors. Int J Cancer 2006; 119:722; author reply 723. [PMID: 16496384 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.21494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
Despite tremendous progress in basic and epidemiological research, effective prevention of most types of cancer is still lacking. Vaccine use in cancer therapy remains a promising but difficult prospect. However, new mouse models that recapitulate significant features of human cancer progression show that vaccines can keep precancerous lesions under control and might eventually be the spearhead of effective and reliable ways to prevent cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier-Luigi Lollini
- Section of Cancer Research, Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, Italy
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