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Huang W, Su D, Liao X, Yang T, Lu Y, Zhang Z. Prognostic costimulatory molecule-related signature risk model correlates with immunotherapy response in colon cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:789. [PMID: 36646765 PMCID: PMC9842650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27826-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Costimulatory molecules can promote the activation and proliferation of T cells and play an essential role in immunotherapy. However, their role in the prognosis of colon adenocarcinoma remains elusive. In this study, the expression data of costimulatory molecules and clinicopathological information of 429 patients with colon adenocarcinoma were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The patients were divided into training and verification cohorts. Correlation, Cox regression, and Lasso regression analyses were performed to identify costimulatory molecules related to prognosis. After mentioning the construction of the risk mode, a nomogram integrating the clinical characteristics and risk scores of patients was constructed to predict prognosis. Eventually, three prognostic costimulatory molecules were identified and used for constructing a risk model. High expression of these three molecules indicated a poor prognosis. The predictive accuracy of the risk model was verified in the GSE17536 dataset. Subsequently, multivariate regression analysis showed that the signature based on the three costimulatory molecules was an independent risk factor in the training cohort (HR = 2.12; 95% CI = 1.26, 3.56). Based on the risk model and clinicopathological data, the AUC values for predicting the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival probability of patients with colon adenocarcinoma were 0.77, 0.77, and 0.71, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report a risk signature constructed based on the costimulatory molecules TNFRSF10c, TNFRSF13c, and TNFRSF11a. This risk signature can serve as a prognostic biomarker for colon adenocarcinoma and is related to the immunotherapeutic response of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanze Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid, Xiangya Boai Rehabilitation Hospital, 168 Wanjiali North Road, Changsha, 410100, China
| | - Duntao Su
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Xin Liao
- Department of Cardiac Macrovascular Surgery, Yueyang Central Hospital, 39 Dongmaoling Road, Yueyang, 410000, China
| | - Tongtong Yang
- Hunan Sany Industrial Vocational and Technical College, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid, Xiangya Boai Rehabilitation Hospital, 168 Wanjiali North Road, Changsha, 410100, China
| | - Zhejia Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China.
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Liang J, Feng Y, Liu Y, Shi K, Zhou G, Liu L, Liu Y, Qiao K, Liu W, Wang X. Serum soluble DR5 predicts mortality risk in patients with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1040812. [PMID: 36605430 PMCID: PMC9807802 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1040812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Death receptor 5 (DR5) is significantly upregulated in various human tumor tissues; however, the relationship between serum levels of soluble DR5 (sDR5) and the mortality risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not understood. Our aim is to investigate the prognostic value of serum sDR5 in HCC patients. Methods A total of 170 patients with HBV-HCC were recruited, with 82 and 88 patients as derivation and validation cohorts, respectively. sDR5 levels were analyzed using ELISA. The predictive factors for mortality were selected using LASSO regression analysis. Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the independent factors affecting mortality in 2 years. A nomogram based on the interquartile range of the sDR5 values predicted mortality rates. Results Serum sDR5 level was identified as an independent risk factor for mortality in patients with HBV-HCC. The 2-year cumulative mortality rates of HBV-HCC were 10, 28.57, 38.10, and 95% across the sDR5 quartiles, respectively (p < 0.001). The sDR5 had an AUROC of 0.851 (95% CI: 0.755-0.920) in the derivation cohort. When the cut-off value was 30.06pg/mL, the AUROC of sDR5 was 0.778 (95% CI 0.677-0.860) in the validation cohort. The calibration curves fit well, and the decision curves showed that sDR5 had a high standardized net benefit. sDR5 predicted the prognosis of HBV-HCC patients most accurately. Further, serum sDR5 level was significantly positively associated with BCLC stage and the presence or absence of ascites. Conclusion sDR5 showed high predictive accuracy in patients with HBV-HCC; thus, it is considered a new serological biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Shi
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guiqin Zhou
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Long Liu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaxin Liu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Qiao
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Xianbo Wang, ; Wen Liu,
| | - Xianbo Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Xianbo Wang, ; Wen Liu,
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Zhang S, Chen Z, Shi P, Fan S, He Y, Wang Q, Li Y, Ramalingam SS, Owonikoko TK, Sun SY. Downregulation of death receptor 4 is tightly associated with positive response of EGFR mutant lung cancer to EGFR-targeted therapy and improved prognosis. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:3964-3980. [PMID: 33664875 PMCID: PMC7914351 DOI: 10.7150/thno.54824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Death receptor 4 (DR4), a cell surface receptor, mediates apoptosis or induces inflammatory cytokine secretion upon binding to its ligand depending on cell contexts. Its prognostic impact in lung cancer and connection between EGFR-targeted therapy and DR4 modulation has not been reported and thus was the focus of this study. Methods: Intracellular protein alterations were measured by Western blotting. Cell surface protein was detected with antibody staining and flow cytometry. mRNA expression was monitored with qRT-PCR. Gene transactivation was analyzed with promoter reporter assay. Drug dynamic effects in vivo were evaluated using xenografts. Gene modulations were achieved with gene overexpression and knockdown. Proteins in human archived tissues were stained with immunohistochemistry. Results: EGFR inhibitors (e.g., osimertinib) decreased DR4 levels only in EGFR mutant NSCLC cells and tumors, being tightly associated with induction of apoptosis. This modulation was lost once cells became resistant to these inhibitors. Increased levels of DR4 were detected in cell lines with acquired osimertinib resistance and in NSCLC tissues relapsed from EGFR-targeted therapy. DR4 knockdown induced apoptosis and augmented apoptosis when combined with osimertinib in both sensitive and resistant cell lines, whereas enforced DR4 expression significantly attenuated osimertinib-induced apoptosis. Mechanistically, osimertinib induced MARCH8-mediated DR4 proteasomal degradation and suppressed MEK/ERK/AP-1-dependent DR4 transcription, resulting in DR4 downregulation. Moreover, we found that DR4 positive expression in human lung adenocarcinoma was significantly associated with poor patient survival. Conclusions: Collectively, we suggest that DR4 downregulation is coupled to therapeutic efficacy of EGFR-targeted therapy and predicts improved prognosis, revealing a previously undiscovered connection between EGFR-targeted therapy and DR4 modulation.
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Fan X, Li Y, Yi X, Chen G, Jin S, Dai Y, Cui B, Dai B, Lin H, Zhou D. Epigenome-wide DNA methylation profiling of portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) tissues in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Neoplasia 2020; 22:630-643. [PMID: 33059309 PMCID: PMC7566847 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant methylation is a hallmark of hepatocellular carcinoma and plays an important role in tumor initiation and progression. However, the epigenome-wide methylation patterns of portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTTs) have not been fully explored. Here, we performed epigenome-wide DNA methylation of adjacent normal tissues (ANTs), paired tumor tissues and paired PVTTs using an Infinium HumanMethylation450 array (n = 11) and conducted the Sequenom EpiTYPER assays to confirm the aberrantly methylated genes. MTS and apoptosis assay were used to assess the synergistic effect of two drugs on the HCC cell lines. We found the mean global methylation levels of HCC tissues and PVTTs were significantly lower than ANTs (P < 0.01). A total of 864 differentially methylated CpG sites annotated in 532 genes were identified between HCC tissues and paired PVTTs (|mean methylation difference|>10%, P < 0.005). The pathway analysis based on hypermethylated genes in PVTT tissues was interestingly enriched in regulation of actin cytoskeleton pathway (P = 4.48E−5). We found 23 genes whose methylation levels were gradually alternated in HCC tissues and PVTTs. Aberrant methylation status of TNFRSF10A, ZC3H3 and SLC9A3R2 were confirmed in a validation cohort (n = 48). The functional experiments demonstrated the combination of decitabine (DAC) and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (rh-TRAIL) could synergistically suppress the proliferation and induce apoptosis in SK-Hep-1 and Huh7 cell lines. Together, our findings indicated that DNA methylation plays an important role in the PVTT formation through regulating the metastasis-related pathways. The combination of DAC and rh-TRAIL might be a promising treatment strategy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yirun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Yi
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqiao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengxi Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yili Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Cui
- College of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Binghua Dai
- Department of Special Treatment Ⅰ and Liver Transplantation, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Daizhan Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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García-Martínez JM, Wang S, Weishaeupl C, Wernitznig A, Chetta P, Pinto C, Ho J, Dutcher D, Gorman PN, Kroe-Barrett R, Rinnenthal J, Giragossian C, Impagnatiello MA, Tirapu I, Hilberg F, Kraut N, Pearson M, Kuenkele KP. Selective Tumor Cell Apoptosis and Tumor Regression in CDH17-Positive Colorectal Cancer Models using BI 905711, a Novel Liver-Sparing TRAILR2 Agonist. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 20:96-108. [PMID: 33037135 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Activation of TRAILR2 has emerged as an important therapeutic concept in cancer treatment. TRAILR2 agonistic molecules have only had limited clinical success, to date, due either to lack of efficacy or hepatotoxicity. BI 905711 is a novel tetravalent bispecific antibody targeting both TRAILR2 and CDH17 and represents a novel liver-sparing TRAILR2 agonist specifically designed to overcome the disadvantages of previous strategies. Here, we show that BI 905711 effectively triggered apoptosis in a broad panel of CDH17-positive colorectal cancer tumor cells in vitro. Efficient induction of apoptosis was dependent on the presence of CDH17, as exemplified by the greater than 1,000-fold drop in potency in CDH17-negative cells. BI 905711 demonstrated single-agent tumor regressions in CDH17-positive colorectal cancer xenografts, an effect that was further enhanced upon combination with irinotecan. Antitumor efficacy correlated with induction of caspase activation, as measured in both the tumor and plasma. Effective tumor growth inhibition was further demonstrated across a series of different colorectal cancer PDX models. BI 905711 induced apoptosis in both a cis (same cell) as well as trans (adjacent cell) fashion, translating into significant antitumor activity even in xenograft models with heterogeneous CDH17 expression. In summary, we demonstrate that BI 905711 has potent and selective antitumor activity in CDH17-positive colorectal cancer models both in vitro and in vivo. The high prevalence of over 95% CDH17-positive tumors in patients with colorectal cancer, the molecule preclinical efficacy together with its potential for a favorable safety profile, support the ongoing BI 905711 phase I trial in colorectal cancer and additional CDH17-positive cancer types (NCT04137289).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shirley Wang
- Boehringer Ingelheim Cancer Research Therapeutic Area, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Paolo Chetta
- Boehringer Ingelheim Cancer Research Therapeutic Area, Vienna, Austria
| | - Catarina Pinto
- Boehringer Ingelheim Cancer Immunology and Immune Modulation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jason Ho
- Boehringer Ingelheim Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Darrin Dutcher
- Boehringer Ingelheim Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Philip N Gorman
- Boehringer Ingelheim Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Rachel Kroe-Barrett
- Boehringer Ingelheim Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Joerg Rinnenthal
- Boehringer Ingelheim Cancer Research Therapeutic Area, Vienna, Austria
| | - Craig Giragossian
- Boehringer Ingelheim Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | | | - Iñigo Tirapu
- Boehringer Ingelheim Cancer Immunology and Immune Modulation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Frank Hilberg
- Boehringer Ingelheim Cancer Research Therapeutic Area, Vienna, Austria
| | - Norbert Kraut
- Boehringer Ingelheim Cancer Research Therapeutic Area, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark Pearson
- Boehringer Ingelheim Cancer Research Therapeutic Area, Vienna, Austria
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Assaraf YG, Brozovic A, Gonçalves AC, Jurkovicova D, Linē A, Machuqueiro M, Saponara S, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Xavier CP, Vasconcelos MH. The multi-factorial nature of clinical multidrug resistance in cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2019; 46:100645. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2019.100645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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7
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Ruan WC, Che YP, Ding L, Li HF. Efficacy and Toxicity of Addition of Bevacizumab to Chemotherapy in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2019; 21:718-724. [PMID: 30663563 DOI: 10.2174/1386207322666190119162352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-treated patients with first-line treatment can be offered a second treatment with the aim of improving their poor clinical prognosis. The therapy of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients who did not respond to first-line therapy has limited treatment options. Recently, many studies have paid much attention to the efficacy of bevacizumab as an adjuvant treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of bevacizumab plus chemotherapy compared with bevacizumab-naive based chemotherapy as second-line treatment in people with metastatic CRC. METHODS Electronic databases were searched for eligible studies updated to March 2018. Randomized-controlled trials comparing addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy without bevacizumab in MCRC patients were included, of which, the main interesting results were the efficacy and safety profiles of the addition of bevacizumab in patients with MCRC as second-line therapy. RESULT Five trials were eligible in the meta-analysis. Patients who received the combined bevacizumab and chemotherapy treatment in MCRC as second-line therapy showed a longer overall survival (OS) (OR=0.80,95%CI=0.72-0.89, P<0.0001) and progression-free survival (PFS) (OR=0.69,95%CI=0.61-0.77, P<0.00001). In addition, there was no significant difference in objective response rate (ORR) (RR=1.36,95%CI=0.82-2.24, P=0.23) or severe adverse event (SAE) (RR=1.02,95%CI=0.88-1.19, P=0.78) between bevacizumab-based chemotherapy and bevacizumabnaive based chemotherapy. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the addition of bevacizumab to the chemotherapy therapy could be an efficient and safe treatment option for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer as second-line therapy and without increasing the risk of an adverse event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Cong Ruan
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Yue-Ping Che
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Hai-Feng Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
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Wan Z, Zhang X, Yu X, Hou Y. Prognostic significance of serum soluble DR5 levels in small-cell lung cancer. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:403-408. [PMID: 30911274 PMCID: PMC6428977 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.28814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The death receptor 5 (DR5) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily that can transduce the apoptosis signal in cells. This study assessed serum levels of soluble death receptor 5 (sDR5) in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients compared with those in healthy controls. Clinicopathological features of patients, treatment responses, and overall survival of patients were also recorded and analyzed. The sDR5 levels were analyzed using ELISA in 50 healthy controls and 82 SCLC patients before and after first-line chemotherapy. The statistical data showed that pre-treatment levels of serum sDR5 in SCLC patients were higher than those of healthy controls (P<0.001). Pre-treatment levels of serum sDR5 were significantly associated with smoking history of patients, Veterans Administration Lung Study Group (VALSG) stage, tumor size, and lymph node (N) metastasis (P=0.028, 0.001, 0.028, and 0.01, respectively). After treatment with the first-line chemotherapy, the post-treatment levels of serum sDR5 were obviously decreased (P<0.001), and correlated with treatment responses (P<0.001), although there was no significant difference in their pretreatment sDR5 levels (P=0.62). Cox proportional hazard analysis demonstrated that the post-treatment levels of serum sDR5, VALSG stage, and PS status were all independent predictors for overall survival of patients. The results from the current study indicate that serum level of sDR5 could be further confirmed as a biomarker to predict treatment responses and survival of SCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfa Wan
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Fourth Hospital of Jinan City, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Weihaiwei People's Hospital, Weihai, Shandong, 264200, China
| | - Xinshuang Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Yong Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
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Wu S, Meng Q, Zhang C, Sun H, Lu R, Gao N, Yang H, Li X, Aschner M, Chen R. DR4 mediates the progression, invasion, metastasis and survival of colorectal cancer through the Sp1/NF1 switch axis on genomic locus. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:289-297. [PMID: 29446085 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), -397G > T (rs13278062) polymorphism, in the promoter of Death Receptor 4 (DR4) had been reported to be associated with a significantly increased risk for bladder cancer. However, the association of this SNP with the risk of colorectal cancer has not been reported. In this study, we performed a case-control study in 1,078 colorectal cancer patients and 1,175 matched healthy controls to evaluate the association of the potential functional genetic variants in DR4 with risk and survival of colorectal cancer. PCR-TaqMan were used to genotype the rs13278062, rs1000294 and rs2235126 polymorphisms. We found that subjects carrying the rs13278062 GT/TT genotypes had a significantly lower risk and increased survival time when compared to the GG genotype. We also constructed the rs13278062 GT/TT genotype in SW480 and SW620 cells (rs13278062 is GG in both cell lines) with the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Flow cytometry experiments showed that the rs13278062 TT genotype promoted apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. In vitro and in vivo experiments established that the rs13278062 G to T mutation inhibited carcinogenesis and metastasis of colorectal cancer. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays revealed that the rs13278062 G > T polymorphism altered the binding affinity of the transcription factors Sp1/NF1 to the rs13278062 mutation region. Immunohistochemistry, western blot, and qPCR corroborated that the rs13278062 GT/TT genotypes increased the expression of DR4 protein in colorectal cancer tissues and cells. In conclusion, these findings indicate that DR4 mediated progression, invasion, metastasis and survival of colorectal cancer via the Sp1/NF1 switch axis on genomics locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenshen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingtao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Runze Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Gao
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hongbao Yang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Forchheimer 209, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Kim SW, Moon JH, Park SY. Activation of autophagic flux by epigallocatechin gallate mitigates TRAIL-induced tumor cell apoptosis via down-regulation of death receptors. Oncotarget 2018; 7:65660-65668. [PMID: 27582540 PMCID: PMC5323182 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a major polyphenol in green tea. Recent studies have reported that EGCG can inhibit TRAIL-induced apoptosis and activate autophagic flux in cancer cells. However, the mechanism behind these processes is unclear. The present study found that EGCG prevents tumor cell death by antagonizing the TRAIL pathway and activating autophagy flux. Our results indicate that EGCG dose-dependently inhibits TRAIL-induced apoptosis and decreases the binding of death receptor 4 and 5 (DR4 and 5) to TRAIL. In addition, EGCG activates autophagy flux, which is involved in the inhibition of TRAIL cell death. We confirmed that the protective effect of EGCG can be reversed using genetic and pharmacological tools through re-sensitization to TRAIL. The inhibition of autophagy flux affects not only the re-sensitization of tumor cells to TRAIL, but also the restoration of death receptor proteins. This study demonstrates that EGCG inhibits TRAIL-induced apoptosis through the manipulation of autophagic flux and subsequent decrease in number of death receptors. On the basis of these results, we suggest further consideration of the use of autophagy activators such as EGCG in combination anti-tumor therapy with TRAIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Wook Kim
- Biosafety Research Institute, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hong Moon
- Biosafety Research Institute, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Youel Park
- Biosafety Research Institute, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, Republic of Korea
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Wang W, Li J, Wen Q, Luo J, Chu S, Chen L, Qing Z, Xie G, Xu L, Alnemah MM, Li M, Fan S, Zhang H. 4EGI-1 induces apoptosis and enhances radiotherapy sensitivity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via DR5 induction on 4E-BP1 dephosphorylation. Oncotarget 2017; 7:21728-41. [PMID: 26942880 PMCID: PMC5008318 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The eIF4F complex regulated by a various group of eIF4E-binding proteins (4E-BPs) can initial the protein synthesis. Small molecule compound 4EGI-1, an inhibitor of the cap-dependent translation initiation through disturbing the interaction between eIF4E and eIF4G which are main elements of the eIF4E complex, has been reported to suppress cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis in many types of cancer. And death receptor 5 (DR5) is a major component in the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. However, the correlation among 4EGI-1, DR5 and 4E-BPs have not been discovered in NPC now. Therefore, we intend to find out the effect of 4EGI-1 on the apoptosis process of NPC and the relationship among 4EGI-1, DR5 and 4E-BPs. Our results revealed a significant down regulation of DR5 expression in NPC tissues, which inversely correlated with lymph node metastasis status and clinical stages. Depressed DR5 expression was an independent biomarker for poor prognosis in NPC, and elevated DR5 expression showed longer overall survival time in 174 NPC patients. Besides, 4EGI-1 induced apoptosis in NPC cells through the DR5-caspase-8 axis on 4E-BP1 and eIF4E dephosphorylation exerting positive influence on their anti-tumor activities. The induction of DR5 also sensitized NPC cells to radiotherapy, and the SER was 1.195. These results establish the death receptor pathway as a novel anticancer mechanism of eIF4E/eIF4G interaction inhibitor in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiuyuan Wen
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiadi Luo
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuzhou Chu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lingjiao Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Qing
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guiyuan Xie
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lina Xu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mohannad Ma Alnemah
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meirong Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Songqing Fan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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12
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Pei X, Liu Y, Sun L, Zhang J, Fang Y, Liao X, Liu J, Zhang C, Yin T. Outcome of Molecular Targeted Agents Plus Chemotherapy for Second-Line Therapy of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2016; 15:e149-e156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Niacin alleviates TRAIL-mediated colon cancer cell death via autophagy flux activation. Oncotarget 2016; 7:4356-68. [PMID: 26517672 PMCID: PMC4826210 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Niacin, also known as vitamin B3 or nicotinamide is a water-soluble vitamin that is present in black beans and rice among other foods. Niacin is well known as an inhibitor of metastasis in human breast carcinoma cells but the effect of niacin treatment on TRAIL-mediated apoptosis is unknown. Here, we show that niacin plays an important role in the regulation of autophagic flux and protects tumor cells against TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Our results indicated that niacin activated autophagic flux in human colon cancer cells and the autophagic flux activation protected tumor cells from TRAIL-induced dysfunction of mitochondrial membrane potential and tumor cell death. We also demonstrated that ATG5 siRNA and autophagy inhibitor blocked the niacin-mediated inhibition of TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Taken together, our study is the first report demonstrating that niacin inhibits TRAIL-induced apoptosis through activation of autophagic flux in human colon cancer cells. And our results also suggest that autophagy inhibitors including genetic and pharmacological tools may be a successful therapeutics during anticancer therapy using TRAIL.
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14
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Tanenbaum DG, Hall WA, Colbert LE, Bastien AJ, Brat DJ, Kong J, Kim S, Dwivedi B, Kowalski J, Landry JC, Yu DS. TNFRSF10C copy number variation is associated with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 7:306-14. [PMID: 27284460 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2015.11.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic markers for distant metastatic disease in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) are not well defined. Identification of genetic alterations associated with metastatic CRC could help to guide systemic and local treatment strategies. We evaluated the association of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10C (TNFRSF10C) copy number variation (CNV) with distant metastatic disease in patients with CRC using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). METHODS Genetic sequencing data and clinical characteristics were obtained from TCGA for all available patients with CRC. There were 515 CRC patient samples with CNV and clinical outcome data, including a subset of 144 rectal adenocarcinoma patient samples. Using the TCGA CRC dataset, CNV of TNFRSF10C was evaluated for association with distant metastatic disease (M1 vs. M0). Multivariate logistic regression analysis with odds ratio (OR) using a 95% confidence interval (CI) was performed adjusting for age, T stage, N stage, adjuvant chemotherapy, gender, microsatellite instability (MSI), location, and surgical margin status. RESULTS TNFRSF10C CNV in patients with CRC was associated with distant metastatic disease [OR 4.81 (95% CI, 2.13-10.85) P<0.001] and positive lymph nodes [OR 18.83 (95% CI, 8.42-42.09)]; P<0.001) but not MSI (OR P=0.799). On multivariate analysis, after adjusting for pathologic T stage, N stage, adjuvant chemotherapy, gender, and MSI, TNFRSF10C CNV remained significantly associated with distant metastatic disease (OR P=0.018). Subset analysis revealed that TNFRSF10C CNV was also significantly associated with distant metastatic disease in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma (OR P=0.016). CONCLUSIONS TNFRSF10C CNV in patients with CRC is associated with distant metastatic disease. With further validation, such genetic profiles could be used clinically to support optimal systemic treatment strategies versus more aggressive local therapies in patients with CRC, including radiation therapy for rectal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Tanenbaum
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, 2 Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, GA, USA ; 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA ; 4 Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA ; 5 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 6 Department of Biomedical Informatics, 7 Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, 8 Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William A Hall
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, 2 Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, GA, USA ; 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA ; 4 Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA ; 5 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 6 Department of Biomedical Informatics, 7 Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, 8 Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lauren E Colbert
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, 2 Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, GA, USA ; 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA ; 4 Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA ; 5 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 6 Department of Biomedical Informatics, 7 Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, 8 Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amanda J Bastien
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, 2 Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, GA, USA ; 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA ; 4 Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA ; 5 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 6 Department of Biomedical Informatics, 7 Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, 8 Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel J Brat
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, 2 Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, GA, USA ; 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA ; 4 Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA ; 5 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 6 Department of Biomedical Informatics, 7 Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, 8 Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jun Kong
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, 2 Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, GA, USA ; 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA ; 4 Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA ; 5 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 6 Department of Biomedical Informatics, 7 Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, 8 Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sungjin Kim
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, 2 Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, GA, USA ; 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA ; 4 Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA ; 5 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 6 Department of Biomedical Informatics, 7 Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, 8 Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bhakti Dwivedi
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, 2 Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, GA, USA ; 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA ; 4 Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA ; 5 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 6 Department of Biomedical Informatics, 7 Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, 8 Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeanne Kowalski
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, 2 Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, GA, USA ; 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA ; 4 Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA ; 5 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 6 Department of Biomedical Informatics, 7 Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, 8 Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jerome C Landry
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, 2 Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, GA, USA ; 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA ; 4 Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA ; 5 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 6 Department of Biomedical Informatics, 7 Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, 8 Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David S Yu
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, 2 Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, GA, USA ; 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA ; 4 Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA ; 5 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 6 Department of Biomedical Informatics, 7 Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, 8 Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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15
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Makoukji J, Raad M, Genadry K, El-Sitt S, Makhoul NJ, Saad Aldin E, Nohra E, Jabbour M, Sangaralingam A, Chelala C, Habib RH, Boulos F, Tfayli A, Boustany RM. Association between CLN3 (Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis, CLN3 Type) Gene Expression and Clinical Characteristics of Breast Cancer Patients. Front Oncol 2015; 5:215. [PMID: 26528430 PMCID: PMC4601263 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Elucidation of underlying biology and molecular pathways is necessary for improving therapeutic options and clinical outcomes. CLN3 protein (CLN3p), deficient in neurodegenerative CLN3 disease is anti-apoptotic, and defects in the CLN3 gene cause accelerated apoptosis of neurons in CLN3 disease and up-regulation of ceramide. Dysregulated apoptotic pathways are often implicated in the development of the oncogenic phenotype. Predictably, CLN3 mRNA expression and CLN3 protein were up-regulated in a number of human and murine breast cancer-cell lines. Here, we determine CLN3 expression in non-tumor vs. tumor samples from fresh and formalin-fixed/paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast tissue and analyze the association between CLN3 overexpression and different clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer patients. Additionally, gene expression of 28 enzymes involved in sphingolipid metabolism was determined. CLN3 mRNA is overexpressed in tumor vs. non-tumor breast tissue from FFPE and fresh samples, as well as in mouse MCF7 breast cancer compared to MCF10A normal cells. Of the clinicopathological characteristics of tumor grade, age, menopause status, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), only absence of HER2 expression correlated with CLN3 overexpression. Sphingolipid genes for ceramide synthases 2 and 6 (CerS2; CerS6), delta(4)-desaturase sphingolipid 2 (DEGS2), and acidic sphingomyelinase (SMPD1) displayed higher expression levels in breast cancer vs. control tissue, whereas ceramide galactosyltransferase (UGT8) was underexpressed in breast cancer samples. CLN3 may be a novel molecular target for cancer drug discovery with the goal of modulation of ceramide pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle Makoukji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut Medical Center , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Mohamad Raad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut Medical Center , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Katia Genadry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut Medical Center , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Sally El-Sitt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut Medical Center , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Nadine J Makhoul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut Medical Center , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Ehab Saad Aldin
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics , Iowa City, IA , USA
| | - Eden Nohra
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Mark Jabbour
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Ajanthah Sangaralingam
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London , London , UK
| | - Claude Chelala
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London , London , UK
| | - Robert H Habib
- Outcomes Research Unit, American University of Beirut Medical Center , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Fouad Boulos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Arafat Tfayli
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Rose-Mary Boustany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut Medical Center , Beirut , Lebanon ; Neurogenetics Program, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center , Beirut , Lebanon
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16
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Martinez-Lostao L, de Miguel D, Al-Wasaby S, Gallego-Lleyda A, Anel A. Death ligands and granulysin: mechanisms of tumor cell death induction and therapeutic opportunities. Immunotherapy 2015; 7:883-2. [PMID: 26314314 DOI: 10.2217/imt.15.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays a key role in cancer immune surveillance to control tumor development. The final goal is recognizing and killing transformed cells and consequently the elimination of the tumor. The main effector cell types exerting cytotoxicity against tumors are natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Although the mechanism of activation of NK cells and CTLs are quite different, both cell types share common antitumor effector mechanisms of cytotoxicity which lead to induction of cell death of tumor cells by apoptosis. Among these mechanisms are the death ligand- and granulysin-mediated cell deaths. In this review, we summarize the main concepts of these effector cytotoxic mechanisms against cancer cells, how NK cells and CTLs use them to control tumor development and the therapeutic approaches currently developed based on these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Martinez-Lostao
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.,Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón, Zaragoza Spain
| | - Diego de Miguel
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Sameer Al-Wasaby
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Ana Gallego-Lleyda
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Alberto Anel
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
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17
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Expression of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand death receptors DR4 and DR5 in human nonmelanoma skin cancer. Am J Dermatopathol 2015; 36:710-7. [PMID: 24212133 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0b013e3182a3d31d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Death receptors 4 and 5 (DR4 and DR5) are cell surface receptors that when activated by their ligand tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) triggers apoptosis in most cancer cells but not in normal cells. Currently, it remains unclear whether DR4 and DR5 are involved in immune surveillance against nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of DR4 and DR5 in NMSC and relate the results to the established clinicopathologic prognostic factors. This study was conducted on about 80 skin specimens from patients with NMSC (40 basal cell carcinoma and 40 squamous cell carcinoma) and diagnosed and confirmed by biopsy. Immunohistochemical analysis for DR4 and DR5 was carried out on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of skin tissues using avidin-biotin peroxidase method. Significant expression of both DR4 and DR5 was observed in NMSC cases. There was statistically significant association between DR4 and DR5 expression in squamous cell carcinoma and each of tumor site and lymph node metastasis. There was statistically significant association between DR4 expression in basal cell carcinoma and histopathologic subtypes (high expression in nodular type) and between DR5 expression and tumor site (high expression in sun-exposed area). In conclusion, expression of TRAIL receptors that mediate extrinsic apoptotic pathway in NMSC may be suggestive of a reassessment of the suitability of TRAIL-based strategy in future NMSC therapies.
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18
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Hernandez-Cueto A, Hernandez-Cueto D, Antonio-Andres G, Mendoza-Marin M, Jimenez-Gutierrez C, Sandoval-Mejia AL, Mora-Campos R, Gonzalez-Bonilla C, Vega MI, Bonavida B, Huerta-Yepez S. Death receptor 5 expression is inversely correlated with prostate cancer progression. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:2279-86. [PMID: 25174820 PMCID: PMC4214341 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate carcinoma (PCa) is one of the most common cancers in men. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been widely used to predict the outcome of PCa and screening with PSA has resulted in a decline in mortality. However, PSA is not an optimal prognostic tool as its sensitivity may be too low to reduce morbidity and mortality. Consequently, there is a demand for additional robust biomarkers for prostate cancer. Death receptor 5 (DR5) has been implicated in the prognosis of several cancers and it has been previously shown that it is negatively regulated by Yin Yang 1 (YY1) in prostate cancer cell lines. The present study investigated the clinical significance of DR5 expression in a prostate cancer patient cohort and its correlation with YY1 expression. Immunohistochemical analysis of protein expression distribution was performed using tissue microarray constructs from 54 primary PCa and 39 prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) specimens. DR5 expression was dramatically reduced as a function of higher tumor grade. By contrast, YY1 expression was elevated in PCa tumors as compared with that in PIN, and was increased with higher tumor grade. DR5 had an inverse correlation with YY1 expression. Bioinformatic analyses corroborated these data. The present findings suggested that DR5 and YY1 expression levels may serve as progression biomarkers for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles Hernandez-Cueto
- Immunology and Infection Research Unit, National Medical Center 'La Raza', IMSS, Mexico City 02200, Mexico
| | - Daniel Hernandez-Cueto
- Oncology Disease Research Unit, Children Hospital of Mexico 'Federico Gomez', Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Antonio-Andres
- Oncology Disease Research Unit, Children Hospital of Mexico 'Federico Gomez', Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Marisela Mendoza-Marin
- Department of Pathology, Hospital General Regional No. 25, IMSS, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Cesar Gonzalez-Bonilla
- Immunology and Infection Research Unit, National Medical Center 'La Raza', IMSS, Mexico City 02200, Mexico
| | - Mario I Vega
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Siglo XXI National Medical Center, IMSS, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Benjamin Bonavida
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sara Huerta-Yepez
- Oncology Disease Research Unit, Children Hospital of Mexico 'Federico Gomez', Mexico City 06720, Mexico
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19
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Johnston PG. Identification of clinically relevant molecular subtypes in colorectal cancer: the dawning of a new era. Oncologist 2014; 19:568-73. [PMID: 24718513 PMCID: PMC4012975 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2014-038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a number of protein and genomic-based biomarkers have begun to refine the prognostic information available for colorectal cancer (CRC) and predict defined patient groups that are likely to benefit from systemic treatment or targeted therapies. Of these, KRAS represents the first biomarker integrated into clinical practice for CRC. Microarray-based gene expression profiling has been used to identify prognostic signatures and, to a lesser extent, predictive signatures in CRC. Despite these advances, a number of major challenges remain. This article, which is based on a lecture delivered as part of the 2013 Bob Pinedo Cancer Care Prize, reviews the impact of molecular biomarkers on the management of CRC, emphasizing changes that have occurred in recent years, and focuses on potential mechanisms of patient stratification and opportunities for novel therapeutic development based on enhanced biological understanding of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G Johnston
- Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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20
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Jalving M, Heijink DM, Koornstra JJ, Boersma-van Ek W, Zwart N, Wesseling J, Sluiter WJ, de Vries EGE, Kleibeuker JH, de Jong S. Regulation of TRAIL receptor expression by β-catenin in colorectal tumours. Carcinogenesis 2013; 35:1092-9. [PMID: 24379239 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour-necrosis-factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is being investigated as a targeted cancer therapeutic and the expression of its pro-apoptotic receptors, DR4 and DR5, increases during colorectal carcinogenesis. This study investigated the role of β-catenin in the regulation of these receptors. In human colorectal adenoma and carcinoma cell lines, downregulation of β-catenin resulted in lower total DR4 and DR5 protein levels. Similarly, cell membrane expression of DR4 and DR5 was reduced after downregulation of β-catenin in colon carcinoma cells, whereas induction of β-catenin in HeLa cells led to increased cell membrane expression of DR4 and DR5. Downregulation of β-catenin decreased the recombinant human TRAIL sensitivity of human colon carcinoma cells. Activation of the transcription factor T-cell factor-4 (TCF-4) is an important function of β-catenin. Dominant-negative TCF-4 overexpression, however, did not significantly affect TRAIL receptor expression or recombinant human TRAIL sensitivity. Human colorectal adenomas (N = 158) with aberrant (cytoplasmic and nuclear) β-catenin expression had a higher percentage of immunohistochemical DR4 and DR5 staining per tumour (mean: 73 and 88%, respectively) than those with membranous β-catenin staining only (mean: 50 and 70%, respectively, P < 0.01 for both). Furthermore, aberrant β-catenin staining co-localized with DR4 and DR5 expression in 92% of adenomas. In 53 human colorectal carcinomas, aberrant β-catenin expression was present in most cases and DR4/5 expression was largely homogenous. Similarly, in adenomas from APC(min) mice, cytoplasmic β-catenin staining co-localized with staining for the murine TRAIL death receptor. In conclusion, the gradual increase in TRAIL receptor expression during colorectal carcinogenesis is at least partially mediated through increased β-catenin expression, independently of TCF-4-signalling.
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21
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Micheau O, Shirley S, Dufour F. Death receptors as targets in cancer. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 169:1723-44. [PMID: 23638798 PMCID: PMC3753832 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Anti-tumour therapies based on the use pro-apoptotic receptor agonists, including TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) or monoclonal antibodies targeting TRAIL-R1 or TRAIL-R2, have been disappointing so far, despite clear evidence of clinical activity and lack of adverse events for the vast majority of these compounds, whether combined or not with conventional or targeted anti-cancer therapies. This brief review aims at discussing the possible reasons for the lack of apparent success of these therapeutic approaches and at providing hints in order to rationally design optimal protocols based on our current understanding of TRAIL signalling regulation or resistance for future clinical trials. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Emerging Therapeutic Aspects in Oncology. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2013.169.issue-8.
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Zeestraten ECM, Benard A, Reimers MS, Schouten PC, Liefers GJ, van de Velde CJH, Kuppen PJK. The prognostic value of the apoptosis pathway in colorectal cancer: a review of the literature on biomarkers identified by immunohistochemistry. BIOMARKERS IN CANCER 2013; 5:13-29. [PMID: 24179395 PMCID: PMC3791955 DOI: 10.4137/bic.s11475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Research towards biomarkers that predict patient outcome in colorectal cancer (CRC) is rapidly expanding. However, none of these biomarkers have been recommended by the American Association of Clinical Oncology or the European Group on Tumor Markers. Current staging criteria result in substantial under-and over-treatment of CRC patients. Evasion of apoptosis, a characteristic feature of tumorigenesis, is known to correlate with patient outcome. We reviewed the literature on immunohistochemistry-based studies between 1998 and 2011 describing biomarkers in this pathway in CRC and identified 26 markers. Most frequently described were p53, Bcl-2, survivin, and the Fas and TRAILR1 receptors and their ligands. None of the studies reviewed provided sufficient support for implementing a single marker into current clinical practice. This is likely due to the complex biology of this pathway. We suggest focusing on the combination of key markers within the apoptosis pathway that together represent an ‘apoptotic tumor profile’, which better reflects the status of this pathway in a tumor.
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Cohn AL, Tabernero J, Maurel J, Nowara E, Sastre J, Chuah BYS, Kopp MV, Sakaeva DD, Mitchell EP, Dubey S, Suzuki S, Hei YJ, Galimi F, McCaffery I, Pan Y, Loberg R, Cottrell S, Choo SP. A randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 study of ganitumab or conatumumab in combination with FOLFIRI for second-line treatment of mutant KRAS metastatic colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2013; 24:1777-1785. [PMID: 23510984 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeted agents presently available for mutant KRAS metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) are bevacizumab and aflibercept. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of conatumumab (an agonistic monoclonal antibody against human death receptor 5) and ganitumab (a monoclonal antibody against the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor) combined with standard FOLFIRI chemotherapy as a second-line treatment in patients with mutant KRAS mCRC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with mutant KRAS metastatic adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum refractory to fluoropyrimidine- and oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy were randomized 1 : 1 : 1 to receive intravenous FOLFIRI plus conatumumab 10 mg/kg (Arm A), ganitumab 12 mg/kg (Arm B), or placebo (Arm C) Q2W. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS In total, 155 patients were randomized. Median PFS in Arms A, B, and C was 6.5 months (HR, 0.69; P = 0.147), 4.5 months (HR, 1.01; P = 0.998), and 4.6 months, respectively; median overall survival was 12.3 months (HR, 0.89; P = 0.650), 12.4 months (HR, 1.27; P = 0.357), and 12.0 months; and objective response rate was 14%, 8%, and 2%. The most common grade ≥3 adverse events in Arms A/B/C included neutropenia (30%/25%/18%) and diarrhea (18%/2%/10%). CONCLUSIONS Conatumumab, but not ganitumab, plus FOLFIRI was associated with a trend toward improved PFS. Both combinations had acceptable toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Cohn
- Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, Denver, USA.
| | - J Tabernero
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona
| | - J Maurel
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Nowara
- Maria Skodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - J Sastre
- Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Servicio de Oncologíca Medíca, Madrid, and Instituto Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Y S Chuah
- Department of Internal Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - M V Kopp
- Samara Regional Oncology Dispensary, Samara
| | - D D Sakaeva
- Clinical Oncology Dispensary of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa, Russia
| | - E P Mitchell
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia
| | - S Dubey
- Amgen Inc., South San Francisco
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - S-P Choo
- Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
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Kriegl L, Jung A, Horst D, Rizzani A, Jackstadt R, Hermeking H, Gallmeier E, Gerbes AL, Kirchner T, Göke B, De Toni EN. Microsatellite instability, KRAS mutations and cellular distribution of TRAIL-receptors in early stage colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51654. [PMID: 23284732 PMCID: PMC3527471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The fact that the receptors for the TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) are almost invariably expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the rationale for the employment of TRAIL-receptors targeting compounds for the therapy of patients affected by this tumor. Yet, first reports on the use of these bioactive agents provided disappointing results. We therefore hypothesized that loss of membrane-bound TRAIL-R might be a feature of some CRC and that the evaluation of membrane staining rather than that of the overall expression of TRAIL-R might predict the response to TRAIL-R targeting compounds in this tumor. Aim and Methods Thus, we evaluated the immunofluorescence pattern of TRAIL-receptors and E-cadherin to assess the fraction of membrane-bound TRAIL-receptors in 231 selected patients with early-stage CRC undergoing surgical treatment only. Moreover, we investigated whether membrane staining for TRAIL-receptors as well as the presence of KRAS mutations or of microsatellite instability (MSI) had an effect on survival and thus a prognostic effect. Results As expected, almost all CRC samples stained positive for TRAIL-R1 and 2. Instead, membrane staining for these receptors was positive in only 71% and 16% of samples respectively. No correlation between KRAS mutation status or MSI-phenotype and prognosis could be detected. TRAIL-R1 staining intensity correlated with survival in univariate analysis, but only membranous staining of TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 on cell membranes was an independent predictor of survival (cox multivariate analysis: TRAIL-R1: p = 0.019, RR 2.06[1.12–3.77]; TRAIL-R2: p = 0.033, RR 3.63[1.11–11.84]). Conclusions In contrast to the current assumptions, loss of membrane staining for TRAIL-receptors is a common feature of early stage CRC which supersedes the prognostic significance of their staining intensity. Failure to achieve therapeutic effects in recent clinical trials using TRAIL-receptors targeting compounds might be due to insufficient selection of patients bearing tumors with membrane-bound TRAIL-receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Kriegl
- Institute of Pathology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Jung
- Institute of Pathology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - David Horst
- Institute of Pathology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Antonia Rizzani
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rene Jackstadt
- Institute of Pathology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Heiko Hermeking
- Institute of Pathology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eike Gallmeier
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander L. Gerbes
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- Institute of Pathology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Burkhard Göke
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Enrico N. De Toni
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Bisgin A, Kargi A, Yalcin AD, Aydin C, Ekinci D, Savas B, Sanlioglu S. Increased serum sTRAIL levels were correlated with survival in bevacizumab-treated metastatic colon cancer. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:58. [PMID: 22313795 PMCID: PMC3359245 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. Bevacizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody developed against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for the treatment of metastatic cancer. The parameters of RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria for Solid Tumors) are not adequate to detect important treatment effects and response. Our goal was to evaluate the possibility of using sTRAIL (serum-soluble TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) and VEGF as markers of treatment efficacy and prognosis in patients with metastatic colon cancer. METHODS sTRAIL and VEGF levels were measured by ELISA in the sera of 16 bevacizumab-treated metastatic colon cancer patients and 10 presumably healthy age-matched controls. The measurements were taken before and after treatment for comparison purposes. RESULTS Elevated levels of sTRAIL were found in seven out of 16 patients after bevacizumab treatment. Although these patients had a median survival time of 20.6 months, the remaining bevacizumab-treated patients who did not show an increase in sTRAIL had a median survival time of 9.4 months. As expected, serum VEGF levels were decreased in all patients who received bevacizumab therapy and showed no correlation between serum VEGF levels and patient survival (data not shown). CONCLUSIONS Serum sTRAIL levels might be a useful predictor of prognosis in metastatic colon cancer, in the early evaluation stages following bevacizumab treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atil Bisgin
- Human Gene and Cell Therapy Center of Akdeniz University Hospitals and Clinics, Department of Medical Genetics, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Kargi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Arzu D Yalcin
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Antalya Education and Training Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Aydin
- Human Gene and Cell Therapy Center of Akdeniz University Hospitals and Clinics, Department of Medical Genetics, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Deniz Ekinci
- Department of Medical Oncology, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Burhan Savas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Salih Sanlioglu
- Human Gene and Cell Therapy Center of Akdeniz University Hospitals and Clinics, Department of Medical Genetics, Antalya, Turkey
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Kuratnik A, Senapati VE, Verma R, Mellone BG, Vella AT, Giardina C. Acute sensitization of colon cancer cells to inflammatory cytokines by prophase arrest. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 83:1217-28. [PMID: 22306067 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how colon cancer cells survive within the inflammatory milieu of a tumor, and developing approaches that increase their sensitivity to inflammatory cytokines, may ultimately lead to novel approaches for colon cancer therapy and prevention. Analysis of a number of chemopreventive and therapeutic agents reveal that HDAC inhibitors are particularly adept at sensitizing colon cancer cells TNF or TRAIL mediated apoptosis. In vivo data are consistent with an interaction between SAHA and TNF in inducing apoptosis, as AOM-induced colon tumors express elevated levels of TNF and are more sensitive to SAHA administration. Cell cycle analysis and time-lapse imaging indicated a close correspondence between SAHA-induced prophase arrest and TNF or TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Prophase arrest induced by the Aurora kinase inhibitor VX680 likewise sensitized cells to TNF and TRAIL, with siRNA analysis pointing to Aurora kinase A (and not Aurora kinase B) as being the relevant target for this sensitization. We propose that agents that promote prophase arrest may help sensitize cancer cells to TNF and other inflammatory cytokines. We also discuss how circumvention of an early mitotic checkpoint may facilitate cancer cell survival in the inflammatory micro-environment of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kuratnik
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, 91 North Eagleville Road, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States
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27
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Expression of TRAIL, DR4, and DR5 in bladder cancer: correlation with response to adjuvant therapy and implications of prognosis. Urology 2012; 79:968.e7-15. [PMID: 22244504 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the interrelationship of human tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its death receptors DR4 and DR5 expressions level with patient prognosis and the response to adjuvant therapy in bladder cancer, the synergism function that is between chemotherapy and TRAIL on apoptosis induction in tumor cells. METHODS The expression of TRAIL, DR4, and DR5 was studied using immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded tumor specimens from 229 bladder cancer patients who had undergone transurethral resection. RESULTS Cytoplasmic TRAIL, DR4, and DR5 expressions were detected in 35%, 75.1%, and 74.2% of bladder cancer patients, respectively. Patients with bladder cancer with either high DR4 or DR5 expression had a significantly longer postoperative recurrence-free rate than those with low expression of both during the 10-year follow-up. Multivariate analysis revealed that the expression of DR4 (P < .001), DR5 (P < .001) and epirubicin therapy (P = .034) were independent prognostic indicators of bladder cancer. Furthermore, epirubicin therapy significantly improved recurrence-free rate for the patients with DR4-high (P = .006) or DR5-high (P = .042) tumor. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study have shown for the first time that a combination of DR4 and DR5 expression have significant value in predicting the prognosis of bladder cancer. In addition, patients with high expression of both DR4 and DR5 might benefit from epirubicin therapy.
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28
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Reply to Letter to the Editor: Anastomotic Leakage Contributes to the Risk for Systemic Recurrence in Stage II Colorectal Cancer. J Gastrointest Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11605-011-1616-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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Stool-fermented Plantago ovata husk induces apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells independently of molecular phenotype. Br J Nutr 2011; 107:1591-602. [PMID: 22018732 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511004910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have suggested that the partially fermentable fibre Plantago ovata husk (PO) may have a protective effect on colorectal cancer (CRC). We studied the potentially pro-apoptotic effect of PO and the implicated mechanisms in CRC cells with different molecular phenotypes (Caco-2, HCT116, LoVo, HT-29, SW480) after PO anaerobic fermentation with colonic bacteria as it occurs in the human colon. The fermentation products of PO induced apoptosis in all primary tumour and metastatic cell lines, independent of p53, adenomatous polyposis coli, β-catenin or cyclo-oxygenase-2 status. Apoptosis was caspase-dependent and both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways were implicated. The intrinsic pathway was activated through a shift in the balance towards a pro-apoptotic environment with an up-regulation of B-cell lymphoma protein 2 homologous antagonist killer (BAK) and a down-regulation of B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL) seen in HCT116 and LoVo cells. This resulted in mitochondrial membrane depolarisation, increased expression of caspase activators second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac)/Diablo, death effector apoptosis-inducing factor, apoptosome member apoptotic protease activating factor 1 and down-regulation of inhibitors of apoptosis Survivin and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis in most cells. The extrinsic pathway was activated presumably through the up-regulation of death receptor (DR5). Some important differences were seen between primary tumour and metastatic CRC cells. Thus, metastatic PO-treated LoVo cells had a remarkable up-regulation of TNF-α ligand along with death-inducing signalling complex components receptor interacting protein and TNF-α receptor 1-associated death domain protein. The extrinsic pathway modulator FCICE-inhibitory protein (FLIP), an inhibitor of both spontaneous death ligand-independent and death receptor-mediated apoptosis, was significantly down-regulated after PO treatment in all primary tumour cells, but not in metastatic LoVo. These findings suggest that PO could potentially be a useful chemotherapy adjuvant.
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Belov L, Zhou J, Christopherson RI. Cell surface markers in colorectal cancer prognosis. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 12:78-113. [PMID: 21339979 PMCID: PMC3039945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The classification of colorectal cancers (CRC) is currently based largely on histologically determined tumour characteristics, such as differentiation status and tumour stage, i.e., depth of tumour invasion, involvement of regional lymph nodes and the occurrence of metastatic spread to other organs. These are the conventional prognostic factors for patient survival and often determine the requirement for adjuvant therapy after surgical resection of the primary tumour. However, patients with the same CRC stage can have very different disease-related outcomes. For some, surgical removal of early-stage tumours leads to full recovery, while for others, disease recurrence and metastasis may occur regardless of adjuvant therapy. It is therefore important to understand the molecular processes that lead to disease progression and metastasis and to find more reliable prognostic markers and novel targets for therapy. This review focuses on cell surface proteins that correlate with tumour progression, metastasis and patient outcome, and discusses some of the challenges in finding prognostic protein markers in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Belov
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; E-Mails: (J.Z.); (R.I.C.)
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31
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Carinci F, Monasta L, Rubini C, Stramazzotti D, Palmieri A, Melloni E, Knowles A, Ronfani L, Zauli G, Secchiero P. The negative prognostic value of TRAIL overexpression in oral squamous cell carcinomas does not preclude the potential therapeutic use of recombinant TRAIL. Invest New Drugs 2010; 30:810-8. [PMID: 21086019 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-010-9586-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Carinci
- Department of DMCCC, Section of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Analysis of death receptor 5 and caspase-8 expression in primary and metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and their prognostic impact. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12178. [PMID: 20808443 PMCID: PMC2922336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Death receptor 5 (DR5) and caspase-8 are major components in the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. The alterations of the expression of these proteins during the metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and their prognostic impact have not been reported. The present study analyzes the expression of DR5 and caspase-8 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in primary and metastatic HNSCCs and their impact on patient survival. Tumor samples in this study included 100 primary HNSCC with no evidence of metastasis, 100 primary HNSCC with lymph node metastasis (LNM) and 100 matching LNM. IHC analysis revealed a significant loss or downregulation of DR5 expression in primary tumors with metastasis and their matching LNM compared to primary tumors with no evidence of metastasis. A similar trend was observed in caspase-8 expression although it was not statistically significant. Downregulation of caspase-8 and DR5 expression was significantly correlated with poorly differentiated tumors compared to moderately and well differentiated tumors. Univariate analysis indicates that, in HNSCC with no metastasis, higher expression of caspase-8 significantly correlated with better disease-free survival and overall survival. However, in HNSCC with LNM, higher caspase-8 expression significantly correlated with poorer disease-free survival and overall survival. Similar results were also generated when we combined both DR5 and caspase-8. Taken together, we suggest that both DR5 and caspase-8 are involved in regulation of HNSCC metastasis. Our findings warrant further investigation on the dual role of caspase-8 in cancer development.
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Bavi P, Prabhakaran SE, Abubaker J, Qadri Z, George T, Al-Sanea N, Abduljabbar A, Ashari LH, Alhomoud S, Al-Dayel F, Hussain AR, Uddin S, Al-Kuraya KS. Prognostic significance of TRAIL death receptors in Middle Eastern colorectal carcinomas and their correlation to oncogenic KRAS alterations. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:203. [PMID: 20673328 PMCID: PMC2922191 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the tumour necrosis factor cytokine family that induces apoptosis upon binding to its death domain containing receptors, TRAIL receptor 1 (DR4) and TRAIL receptor 2 (DR5). Expression of TRAIL receptors is higher in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) as compared to normal colorectal mucosa and targeted therapy with TRAIL leads to preferential killing of tumor cells sparing normal cells. Methods We investigated the expression of TRAIL and its receptors in a tissue microarray cohort of 448 Middle Eastern CRC. We also studied the correlation between TRAIL receptors and various clinico-pathological features including key molecular alterations and overall survival. Results CRC subset with TRAIL-R1 expression was associated with a less aggressive phenotype characterized by early stage (p = 0.0251) and a histology subtype of adenocarcinomas (p = 0.0355). Similarly CRC subset with TRAIL-R2 expression was associated with a well-differentiated tumors (p < 0.0001), histology subtype of adenocarcinomas (p = 0.0010) and tumors in left colon (p = 0.0009). Over expression of pro apoptotic markers: p27KIP1 and KRAS4A isoforms was significantly higher in CRC subset with TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 expression; TRAIL-R1 expression was also associated with cleaved caspase-3(p = 0.0011). Interestingly, TRAIL-R2 expression was associated with a microsatellite stable (MS--S/L) phenotype (p = 0.0003) and with absence of KRAS mutations (p = 0.0481). Conclusion TRAIL-R1 expression was an independent prognostic marker for better survival in all CRC samples and even in the CRC group that received adjuvant therapy. The biological effects of TRAIL in CRC models, its enhancement of chemosensitivity towards standard chemotherapeutic agents and the effect of endogenous TRAIL receptor levels on survival make TRAIL an extremely attractive therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Bavi
- Department of Human Cancer Genomic Research, MBC 98-16,Research Centre at KFNCCC, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre,PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Tumour-mediated TRAIL-Receptor expression indicates effective apoptotic depletion of infiltrating CD8+ immune cells in clinical colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer 2010; 46:2314-23. [PMID: 20580220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Revised: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Expression of apoptosis-related proteins on tumour cells has been shown in several experimental models to be an efficient mechanism for a counterattack against host anti-tumour immune responses in solid tumours. Here we provide a clinical evidence for such a tumour immune escape mechanism by demonstrating tumour to T cell-directed death receptor signalling (TRAIL/TRAIL-Receptor (TRAIL-R)) in colorectal cancer (CRC). In a series of patients with CRC and completed 5-year follow up, we investigated apoptosis and expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins. Gene and protein profiles in the tumours demonstrated intratumoural upregulated gene expression for Fas, Fas-L, TRAIL, TRAIL-R and TNF-alpha (RT-qPCR). Levels of terminaldeoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridinetriphosphate nick-end labelling (TUNEL)-positive events were positively correlated with TRAIL-R1-expression on tumour infiltrating immune cells. Among the immune cells, preferentially CD8+ T cells were found to express TRAIL-R1 while serial immunostaining in the same patient tumours showed abundant apoptotic (TUNEL-positive) immune cells. In conclusion, our results in tumour samples from CRC patients suggest TRAIL-R1-mediated apoptotic depletion of infiltrating immune cells (CD8+) in response to TRAIL expression by the tumour itself. This supports the notion of an efficient escape from tumour immune response and thus evasion from the attack of activated CD8+ T cells. These findings may enhance our understanding of tumour progression in CRC and might be helpful for the development of TRAIL and its death receptor-based therapy.
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35
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McLornan DP, Barrett HL, Cummins R, McDermott U, McDowell C, Conlon SJ, Coyle VM, Van Schaeybroeck S, Wilson R, Kay EW, Longley DB, Johnston PG. Prognostic significance of TRAIL signaling molecules in stage II and III colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:3442-51. [PMID: 20570920 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We previously found that cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP), caspase 8, and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor 2 (DR5) are major regulators of cell viability and chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer. In this study, we determined the prognostic significance of c-FLIP, caspase 8, TRAIL and DR5 expression in tissues from patients with stage II and III colorectal cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Tissue microarrays were constructed from matched normal and tumor tissue derived from patients (n = 253) enrolled in a phase III trial of adjuvant 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy versus postoperative observation alone. TRAIL, DR5, caspase 8, and c-FLIP expression levels were determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Colorectal tumors displayed significantly higher expression levels of c-FLIP (P < 0.001), caspase 8 (P = 0.01), and DR5 (P < 0.001), but lower levels of TRAIL (P < 0.001) compared with matched normal tissue. In univariate analysis, higher TRAIL expression in the tumor was associated with worse overall survival (P = 0.026), with a trend to decreased relapse-free survival (RFS; P = 0.06), and higher tumor c-FLIP expression was associated with a significantly decreased RFS (P = 0.015). Using multivariate predictive modeling for RFS in all patients and including all biomarkers, age, treatment, and stage, we found that the model was significant when the mean tumor c-FLIP expression score and disease stage were included (P < 0.001). As regards overall survival, the overall model was predictive when both TRAIL expression and disease stage were included (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS High c-FLIP and TRAIL expression may be independent adverse prognostic markers in stage II and III colorectal cancer and might identify patients most at risk of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donal P McLornan
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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Hoogwater FJH, Nijkamp MW, Smakman N, Steller EJA, Emmink BL, Westendorp BF, Raats DAE, Sprick MR, Schaefer U, Van Houdt WJ, De Bruijn MT, Schackmann RCJ, Derksen PWB, Medema JP, Walczak H, Borel Rinkes IHM, Kranenburg O. Oncogenic K-Ras turns death receptors into metastasis-promoting receptors in human and mouse colorectal cancer cells. Gastroenterology 2010; 138:2357-67. [PMID: 20188103 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Revised: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Death receptors expressed on tumor cells can prevent metastasis formation by inducing apoptosis, but they also can promote migration and invasion. The determinants of death receptor signaling output are poorly defined. Here we investigated the role of oncogenic K-Ras in determining death receptor function and metastatic potential. METHODS Isogenic human and mouse colorectal cancer cell lines differing only in the presence or absence of the K-Ras oncogene were tested in apoptosis and invasion assays using CD95 ligand and tumor necrois factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) as stimuli. Metastatic potential was assessed by intrasplenic injections of green fluorescent protein- or luciferase-expressing tumor cells, followed by intravital fluorescence microscopy or bioluminescence imaging, and confocal microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Ras-effector pathway control of CD95 output was assessed by an RNA-interference and inhibitor-based approach. RESULTS CD95 ligand and TRAIL stimulated invasion of colorectal tumor cells and liver metastases in a K-Ras-dependent fashion. Loss of mutant K-Ras switched CD95 and TRAIL receptors back into apoptosis mode and abrogated metastatic potential. Raf1 was essential for the switch in CD95 function, for tumor cell survival in the liver, and for K-Ras-driven formation of liver metastases. K-Ras and Raf1 suppressed Rho kinase (ROCK)/LIM kinase-mediated phosphorylation of the actin-severing protein cofilin. Overexpression of ROCK or LIM kinase allowed CD95L to induce apoptosis in K-Ras-proficient cells and prevented metastasis formation, whereas their suppression protected K-Ras-deficient cells against apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Oncogenic K-Ras and its effector Raf1 convert death receptors into invasion-inducing receptors by suppressing the ROCK/LIM kinase pathway, and this is essential for K-Ras/Raf1-driven metastasis formation.
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Merz H, Kaehler C, Hoefig KP, Branke B, Uckert W, Nadrowitz R, Sabine-Cerny-Reiterer, Herrmann H, Feller AC, Valent P. Interleukin-9 (IL-9) and NPM-ALK each generate mast cell hyperplasia as single 'hit' and cooperate in producing a mastocytosis-like disease in mice. Oncotarget 2010; 1:104-119. [PMID: 21297223 PMCID: PMC3157709 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cell neoplasms are characterized by abnormal growth and focal accumulation of mast cells (MC) in one or more organs. Although several cytokines, including stem cell factor (SCF) and interleukin-9 (IL-9) have been implicated in growth of normal MC, little is known about pro-oncogenic molecules and conditions triggering differentiation and growth of MC far enough to lead to the histopathological picture of overt mastocytosis. The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) has recently been implicated in growth of neoplastic cells in malignant lymphomas. Here, we describe that transplantation of NPM-ALK-transplanted mouse bone marrow progenitors into lethally irradiated IL-9 transgenic mice not only results in lymphoma-formation, but also in the development of a neoplastic disease exhibiting histopathological features of systemic mastocytosis, including multifocal dense MC-infiltrates, occasionally with devastating growth in visceral organs. Transplantation of NPM-ALK-transduced progenitors into normal mice or maintenance of IL-9-transgenic mice without NPM-ALK each resulted in MC hyperplasia, but not in mastocytosis. Neoplastic MC in mice not only displayed IL-9, but also the IL-9 receptor, and the same was found to hold true for human neoplastic MC. Together, our data show that neoplastic MC express IL-9 receptors, that IL-9 and NPM-ALK upregulate MC-production in vivo, and that both'hits' act in concert to induce a mastocytosis-like disease in mice. These data may have pathogenetic and clinical implications and fit well with the observation that neoplastic MC in advanced SM strongly express NPM and multiple "lymphoid" antigens including CD25 and CD30.
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MESH Headings
- Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase
- Animals
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Hyperplasia
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/analysis
- Interleukin-9/genetics
- Interleukin-9/metabolism
- Ki-1 Antigen/analysis
- Male
- Mast Cells/immunology
- Mast Cells/metabolism
- Mast Cells/pathology
- Mastocytosis, Systemic/metabolism
- Mastocytosis, Systemic/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nucleophosmin
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-9/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-9/metabolism
- Stem Cell Factor/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Merz
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Christian Kaehler
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Kai P. Hoefig
- Institute for Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Biggi Branke
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Uckert
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roger Nadrowitz
- Institute for Radiotherapy, Medical University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Sabine-Cerny-Reiterer
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Alfred C. Feller
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Vienna, Austria
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Clinical Relevance of Apoptotic Regulatory Proteins in Colorectal Cancers. CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11888-010-0051-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Fas ligand expression in lynch syndrome-associated colorectal tumours. Pathol Oncol Res 2010; 15:399-406. [PMID: 19067240 PMCID: PMC2791478 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-008-9136-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2008] [Accepted: 11/27/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fas Ligand (FasL) expression by cancer cells may contribute to tumour immune escape via the Fas counterattack against tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Whether this plays a role in colorectal carcinogenesis in Lynch syndrome was examined studying FasL expression, tumour cell apoptosis and number of TILs in colorectal neoplasms from Lynch syndrome patients (50 adenomas, 20 carcinomas) compared with sporadic cases (69 adenomas, 52 carcinomas). FasL expression was observed in 94% of Lynch syndrome adenomas and in all carcinomas. FasL expression patterns and apoptotic indices were similar in Lynch syndrome-associated neoplasms and sporadic cases. The number of TILs was higher in Lynch syndrome neoplasms than in sporadic cases. There were no correlations between FasL expression and tumour cell apoptosis or number of TILs in Lynch syndrome-associated neoplasms. So, FasL expression is an early event in Lynch syndrome and sporadic colorectal carcinogenesis, but not related to TIL number. Taken together, our data do not support a role for the Fas counterattack in colorectal carcinogenesis in Lynch syndrome.
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40
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The extrinsic apoptosis pathway and its prognostic impact in ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2010; 116:549-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2009.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Revised: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 09/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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41
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Yildiz R, Benekli M, Buyukberber S, Kaya AO, Ozturk B, Yaman E, Berk V, Coskun U, Yamac D, Sancak B, Uner A. The effect of bevacizumab on serum soluble FAS/FASL and TRAIL and its receptors (DR4 and DR5) in metastatic colorectal cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2010; 136:1471-6. [PMID: 20155284 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-010-0803-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bevacizumab-based chemotherapy has become the standard of care in metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC). We aimed to measure the levels of serum soluble FAS, FASL, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), and its death receptors DR4 and DR5 in MCRC patients and to define prognostic significance of these parameters in response to bevacizumab in these patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS The levels of these parameters in serum samples were quantified by a commercially available ELISA kit in 31 MCRC patients before and after 2 cycles of therapy and 25 healthy controls. RESULTS Pretreatment sFAS levels in MCRC patients was significantly lower than the levels of controls (p = 0.043). There was no significant difference in sFAS and sFASL levels in MCRC patients before and after bevacizumab-based treatment. There was no significant difference in sFAS/sFASL ratio in MCRC patients before and after treatment and controls. Soluble DR5 levels were significantly higher in pretreatment serum samples compared with controls (p = 0.008). However, pretreatment sTRAIL and sDR4 levels were similar to the levels of controls. There was no significant difference in sTRAIL, sDR4, and sDR5 levels in MCRC patients before and after treatment. When patients were grouped according to treatment response (responders vs. non-responders), post-treatment sFAS/sFASL ratio was significantly lower in responding patients compared with non-responders (p = 0.029). Significant correlations were observed between post-treatment sFASL and sDR4, sFAS and sTRAIL, sTRAIL and sFAS/sFASL ratio, and sFASL and sDR5. CONCLUSION Non-significant changes in apoptotic markers with bevacizumab-based chemotherapy showed that they have no prognostic significance in MCRC patients. Significant change in sFAS/sFASL ratio according to treatment response could be an indicator of chemosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramazan Yildiz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Besevler, Ankara 06500, Turkey
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Kuijlen JMA, Bremer E, Mooij JJA, den Dunnen WFA, Helfrich W. Review: on TRAIL for malignant glioma therapy? Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2010; 36:168-82. [PMID: 20102513 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2010.01069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a devastating cancer with a median survival of around 15 months. Significant advances in treatment have not been achieved yet, even with a host of new therapeutics under investigation. Therefore, the quest for a cure for GBM remains as intense as ever. Of particular interest for GBM therapy is the selective induction of apoptosis using the pro-apoptotic tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). TRAIL signals apoptosis via its two agonistic receptors TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2. TRAIL is normally present as homotrimeric transmembrane protein, but can also be processed into a soluble trimeric form (sTRAIL). Recombinant sTRAIL has strong tumouricidal activity towards GBM cells, with no or minimal toxicity towards normal human cells. Unfortunately, GBM is a very heterogeneous tumour, with multiple genetically aberrant clones within one tumour. Consequently, any single agent therapy is likely to be not effective enough. However, the anti-GBM activity of TRAIL can be synergistically enhanced by a variety of conventional and novel targeted therapies, making TRAIL an ideal candidate for combinatorial strategies. Here we will, after briefly detailing the biology of TRAIL/TRAIL receptor signalling, focus on the promises and pitfalls of recombinant TRAIL as a therapeutic agent alone and in combinatorial therapeutic approaches for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M A Kuijlen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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The Prognostic Value of TRAIL and its Death Receptors in Cervical Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009; 75:203-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2008] [Revised: 03/01/2009] [Accepted: 03/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Oikonomou E, Kosmidou V, Katseli A, Kothonidis K, Mourtzoukou D, Kontogeorgos G, Andera L, Zografos G, Pintzas A. TRAIL receptor upregulation and the implication of KRAS/BRAF mutations in human colon cancer tumors. Int J Cancer 2009; 125:2127-35. [PMID: 19637313 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eftychia Oikonomou
- Laboratory of Signal Mediated Gene Expression, Institute of Biological Research and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Vivian Kosmidou
- Laboratory of Signal Mediated Gene Expression, Institute of Biological Research and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Katseli
- Third Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Athens G. Gennimatas, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Despina Mourtzoukou
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Athens G. Gennimatas, Athens, Greece
| | - George Kontogeorgos
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Athens G. Gennimatas, Athens, Greece
| | - Ladislav Andera
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Apoptosis, Institute of Molecular Genetics, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, 1083 Videnska, CZ‐14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Georgios Zografos
- Third Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Athens G. Gennimatas, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexander Pintzas
- Laboratory of Signal Mediated Gene Expression, Institute of Biological Research and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
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Macher-Goeppinger S, Aulmann S, Tagscherer KE, Wagener N, Haferkamp A, Penzel R, Brauckhoff A, Hohenfellner M, Sykora J, Walczak H, Teh BT, Autschbach F, Herpel E, Schirmacher P, Roth W. Prognostic value of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and TRAIL receptors in renal cell cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:650-9. [PMID: 19147771 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The death ligand tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its receptors (TRAIL-R) are involved in immune surveillance and tumor development. Here, we studied a possible association between the expression of TRAIL/TRAIL-Rs and the prognosis in patients with renal cell carcinomas (RCC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A tissue microarray containing RCC tumor tissue samples and corresponding normal tissue samples from 838 patients was generated. Expression of TRAIL and TRAIL-Rs was examined by immunohistochemistry and the effect of TRAIL and TRAIL-R expression on disease-specific survival was assessed. RESULTS High TRAIL-R2 expression levels were associated with high-grade RCCs (P < 0.001) and correlated negatively with disease-specific survival (P = 0.01). Similarly, high TRAIL expression was associated with a shorter disease-specific survival (P = 0.01). In contrast, low TRAIL-R4 expression was associated with high-stage RCCs (P < 0.001) as well as with the incidence of distant metastasis (P = 0.03) and correlated negatively with disease-specific survival (P = 0.02). In patients without distant metastasis, multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that TRAIL-R2 and TRAIL are independent prognostic factors for cancer-specific survival (in addition to tumor extent, regional lymph node metastasis, grade of malignancy, and type of surgery). CONCLUSION High TRAIL-R2, high TRAIL, and low TRAIL-R4 expression levels are associated with a worse disease-specific survival in patients with RCCs. Therefore, the assessment of TRAIL/TRAIL-R expression offers valuable prognostic information that could be used to select patients for adjuvant therapy studies. Moreover, our findings are of relevance for a potential experimental therapeutic administration of TRAIL-R agonists in patients with RCCs.
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46
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Nuclear and cytoplasmic death receptor 5 as prognostic factors in patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with chemotherapy. Lung Cancer 2009; 65:98-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2008.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Revised: 08/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Apoptosis signaling proteins as prognostic biomarkers in colorectal cancer: a review. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2009; 1795:117-29. [PMID: 19167459 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2008] [Revised: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/21/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer related mortality in the Western world. In recent years, combination 5-fluorouracil based adjuvant chemotherapy as first line treatment of this disease has led to improved disease free and overall survival. However drug resistance, both innate and acquired, remains an obstacle in the effective treatment of this disease. Apoptotic pathways are frequently altered in both tumor progression and drug resistance; therefore proteins associated with this pathway may have potential as prognostic biomarkers for this disease. Identification of clinical biomarkers that are able to identify patients who are more likely to respond to specific chemotherapy will lead to more personalized, effective, and less toxic therapy. This review focuses on the current status of apoptosis related proteins as biomarkers for colorectal cancer and discusses the possible application of systems approaches in this context.
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Mahalingam D, Szegezdi E, Keane M, de Jong S, Samali A. TRAIL receptor signalling and modulation: Are we on the right TRAIL? Cancer Treat Rev 2008; 35:280-8. [PMID: 19117685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2008.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2008] [Revised: 11/03/2008] [Accepted: 11/13/2008] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand or Apo2 ligand (TRAIL/Apo2L) is a member of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily of cytokines that induces apoptosis upon binding to its death domain-containing transmembrane receptors, death receptors 4 and 5 (DR4, DR5). Importantly, TRAIL preferentially induces apoptosis in cancer cells while exhibiting little or no toxicity in normal cells. To date, research has focused on the mechanism of apoptosis induced by TRAIL and the processes involved in the development of TRAIL resistance. TRAIL-resistant tumours can be re-sensitized to TRAIL by a combination of TRAIL with chemotherapeutics or irradiation. Studies suggest that in many cancer cells only one of the two death-inducing TRAIL receptors is functional. These findings as well as the aim to avoid decoy receptor-mediated neutralization of TRAIL led to the development of receptor-specific TRAIL variants and agonistic antibodies. These molecules are predicted to be more potent than native TRAIL in vivo and may be suitable for targeted treatment of particular tumours. This review focuses on the current status of TRAIL receptor-targeting for cancer therapy, the apoptotic signalling pathway induced by TRAIL receptors, the prognostic implications of TRAIL receptor expression and modulation of TRAIL sensitivity of tumour cells by combination therapies. The mechanisms of TRAIL resistance and the potential measures that can be taken to overcome them are also addressed. Finally, the status of clinical trials of recombinant TRAIL and DR4-/DR5-specific agonistic antibodies as well as the pre-clinical studies of receptor-selective TRAIL variants is discussed including the obstacles facing the use of these molecules as anti-cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devalingam Mahalingam
- Department of Biochemistry and National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
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Van Schaeybroeck S, Kelly DM, Kyula J, Stokesberry S, Fennell DA, Johnston PG, Longley DB. Src and ADAM-17-mediated shedding of transforming growth factor-alpha is a mechanism of acute resistance to TRAIL. Cancer Res 2008; 68:8312-21. [PMID: 18922903 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-6736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL/Apo-2L) has emerged as a promising anticancer agent. However, resistance to TRAIL is likely to be a major problem, and sensitization of cancer cells to TRAIL may therefore be an important anticancer strategy. In this study, we examined the effect of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) gefitinib and a human epidermal receptor 2 (HER2)-TKI (M578440) on the sensitivity of human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines to recombinant human TRAIL (rhTRAIL). A synergistic interaction between rhTRAIL and gefitinib and rhTRAIL and M578440 was observed in both rhTRAIL-sensitive and resistant CRC cells. This synergy correlated with an increase in EGFR and HER2 activation after rhTRAIL treatment. Furthermore, treatment of CRC cells with rhTRAIL resulted in activation of the Src family kinases (SFK). Importantly, we found that rhTRAIL treatment induced shedding of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) that was dependent on SFK activity and the protease ADAM-17. Moreover, this shedding of TGF-alpha was critical for rhTRAIL-induced activation of EGFR. In support of this, SFK inhibitors and small interfering RNAs targeting ADAM-17 and TGF-alpha also sensitized CRC cells to rhTRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Taken together, our findings indicate that both rhTRAIL-sensitive and resistant CRC cells respond to rhTRAIL treatment by activating an EGFR/HER2-mediated survival response and that these cells can be sensitized to rhTRAIL using EGFR/HER2-targeted therapies. Furthermore, this acute response to rhTRAIL is regulated by SFK-mediated and ADAM-17-mediated shedding of TGF-alpha, such that targeting SFKs or inhibiting ADAM-17, in combination with rhTRAIL, may enhance the response of CRC tumors to rhTRAIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Van Schaeybroeck
- Drug Resistance Group, Center for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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Corcoran CA, He Q, Ponnusamy S, Ogretmen B, Huang Y, Sheikh MS. Neutral sphingomyelinase-3 is a DNA damage and nongenotoxic stress-regulated gene that is deregulated in human malignancies. Mol Cancer Res 2008; 6:795-807. [PMID: 18505924 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-07-2097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report the characterization of a novel genotoxic and nongenotoxic stress-regulated gene that we had previously named as SKNY. Our results indicate that SKNY encodes the recently identified neutral sphingomyelinase-3 (nSMase3; hereafter SKNY is referred to as nSMase3). Examination of nSMase3 subcellular distribution reveals nSMase3 to localize to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and deletion of a COOH-terminal region containing its putative transmembrane domain and ER targeting signal partly alters its compartmentalization to the ER. Treatment with genotoxic Adriamycin and nongenotoxic tumor necrosis factor-alpha up-regulates endogenous nSMase3 expression, albeit with different kinetics. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha up-regulates nSMase3 expression within 2 h that lasts beyond 24 h and declines to control levels by 36 h. Adriamycin up-regulation of nSMase3 is transient, occurs within 30 min, and declines to control levels by 120 min. Prolonged treatment with Adriamycin by 24 h and beyond, however, causes a down-regulation in nSMase3 expression. Activation of wild-type p53 also down-regulates nSMase3 expression, suggesting that DNA damage-mediated nSMase3 down-regulation seems to occur partly through the tumor suppressor p53. Overexpression of exogenous nSMase3 sensitizes cells to Adriamycin-induced cell killing, a finding consistent with the proposed proapoptotic role of nSMase enzymes and nSMase-generated ceramide. We further investigated nSMase3 expression in various human malignancies and found its expression to be deregulated in several types of primary tumors when compared with their matching normal tissues. Collectively, our results have identified nSMase3 to be an important molecule that is linked to tumorigenesis and cellular stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad A Corcoran
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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