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Xie S, Yu Z, Feng A, Zheng S, Li Y, Zeng Y, Lyu J. Analysis and prediction of relative survival trends in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the United States using a model-based period analysis method. Front Oncol 2022; 12:942122. [PMID: 36237337 PMCID: PMC9551310 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.942122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Survival rates are usually used to evaluate the effect of cancer treatment and prevention. This study aims to analyze the 5-year relative survival of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in United States using population-based cancer registry data. Methods A period analysis was used to evaluate the improvement in long-term prognosis of patients with NHL from 2004 to 2018, and a generalized linear model was developed to predict the 5-year relative survival rates of patients during 2019–2023 based on data from the SEER database stratified by age, sex, race and subtype. Results In this study, relative survival improved for all NHL, although the extent of improvement varied by sex, age group and lymphoma subtype. Survival improvement was also noted for NHL subtypes, although the extent varied, with marginal-zone lymphoma having the highest 5-year relative survival rate (92.5%) followed by follicular lymphoma (91.6%) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (87.3%). Across all subtypes, survival rates were slightly higher in females than in males. Survival rates are lower in the elderly than in the young. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that black patients had lower NHL survival rates than white patients. Survival rates for NHL were higher in rural areas than in urban areas. Patients with extra-nodal NHL had a higher survival rate than patients with nodal NHL. Conclusion Overall, patient survival rates for NHL gradually improved during 2004–2018. The trend continues with a survival rate of 75.2% for the period 2019–2023. Analysis by NHL subtype and subgroups indicating that etiology and risk factors may differ by subtype. Identification of population-specific prevention strategies and treatments for each subtype can be aided by understanding these variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Xie
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Basic Medicine and Public Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Yu
- School of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi, China
| | - Aozi Feng
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Zheng
- School of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yunmei Li
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - You Zeng
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Lyu
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Lyu,
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Spukti EU, Schmidt LH, Schulze A, Schliemann C, Görlich D, Wardelmann E, Hartmann W, Lenz G, Berdel WE, Kerkhoff A. 90 Y-ibritumomab-tiuxetan as a therapeutic alternative for follicular lymphoma (FL): A single-center experience. Eur J Haematol 2018; 101:514-521. [PMID: 29993147 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most frequent indolent lymphoma subtype in adults. Maintenance therapy with rituximab is frequently applied to FL patients with complete or partial response following initial chemoimmunotherapy. However, radioimmunotherapy with 90 Y-ibritumomab-tiuxetan represents a therapeutic alternative. METHODS To compare the clinical and the prognostic impact of both therapies, a study collective of n = 56 patients diagnosed with indolent B-cell lymphoma was retrospectively investigated. The study collective was subdivided into two groups: n = 36 patients treated with rituximab maintenance therapy vs n = 20 patients treated with 90 Y-ibritumomab-tiuxetan. RESULTS No prognostic differences for performance status, FLIPI score, gender, or B-symptoms were found for 90 Y-ibritumomab-tiuxetan or rituximab maintenance therapy. Overall survival rates and progression-free survival did not differ between both maintenance therapies. CONCLUSION Our retrospective single-center analysis of two patient groups without major differences in prognostic parameters revealed similar outcome with two different maintenance therapies. Hence, 90 Y-ibritumomab-tiuxetan therapy might offer a valuable alternative treatment option for FL patients with partial response. However, large prospective trials are needed to confirm the reported findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva U Spukti
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Lars Henning Schmidt
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Arik Schulze
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Christoph Schliemann
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Dennis Görlich
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, Westfaelische Wilhelms-Universitaet Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Eva Wardelmann
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hartmann
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Georg Lenz
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang E Berdel
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Andrea Kerkhoff
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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Howlader N, Morton LM, Feuer EJ, Besson C, Engels EA. Contributions of Subtypes of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma to Mortality Trends. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 25:174-9. [PMID: 26472423 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) comprises distinct tumor subtypes. Although mortality from NHL overall has changed dramatically in the United States over time, little is known about trends for subtypes, because death certificates do not record this information. METHODS Using data from U.S. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) areas, we assessed NHL mortality rates and mapped NHL deaths to incident NHL cases in SEER cancer registries. This allowed us to evaluate population-level mortality trends attributed to specific NHL subtypes (incidence-based mortality; IBM). We also describe NHL incidence and survival after NHL diagnosis by calendar year. We used Joinpoint to identify years when IBM and incidence rate trends changed slope. RESULTS Overall NHL mortality rates increased during 1975-1997, peaking at 10.9 per 100,000 person-years, then decreased subsequently in 1997-2011. Overall IBM rates mirror this trend during 1990-2011. For B-cell NHL subtypes, IBM rates decreased beginning in the mid-1990s, with yearly declines of -3.0% for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), -2.7% for chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL), and -5.3% for follicular lymphoma. Incidence rates for these subtypes did not decrease until after 2003. Corresponding 5-year cancer-specific survival increased dramatically over time for DLBCL (from 37%-66%), CLL/SLL (69%-84%), and follicular lymphoma (69%-82%). IBM for peripheral T-cell lymphoma was flat during 2006-2011, although incidence increased. CONCLUSIONS Mortality due to three common B-cell NHL subtypes has fallen over time in the United States. IMPACT This decline reflects better survival after NHL diagnosis, likely from improved therapies, because the decline in NHL incidence occurred later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Howlader
- Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington DC.
| | - Lindsay M Morton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Eric J Feuer
- Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Caroline Besson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland. Université Paris Sud, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Eric A Engels
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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Prognostic value of circulating Bcl-2/IgH levels in patients with follicular lymphoma receiving first-line immunochemotherapy. Blood 2015; 126:1407-14. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-03-630012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Key Points
Independent prognostic relevance of quantitative Bcl-2/IgH monitoring in the PB of patients with FL before and after first-line therapy.
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Al-Katib AM, Aboukameel A, Ebrahim A, Beck FWJ, Tekyi-Mensah SE, Raufi A, Ahmed Y, Mandziara M, Kafri Z. Modulation of deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK-3β) by anti-CD20 (rituximab) and 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA) in human lymphoid malignancies. Exp Hematol Oncol 2014; 3:31. [PMID: 25937997 PMCID: PMC4417330 DOI: 10.1186/2162-3619-3-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combination of rituximab and 2-CdA is an effective therapy for B-cell tumors. However, the molecular mechanisms and enzymatic pathways involved in the interaction between the two agents are not fully understood. In this study, we provide molecular evidence for positive interaction between these two agents with resultant therapeutic benefit. METHODS Efficacy of the R-2CdA regimen was evaluated in thirteen patients with B-cell tumors (9 CLL; 3 WM and 1 FL), in vitro against 3 lymphoma cell lines and in a xenograft mouse model. Treatment-induced changes involving phenotype, kinase activity and protein expression were assessed in vitro and in the mouse xenograft tumors. The interaction between RTX and 2-CdA was analyzed using the multiple comparison method, Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD). For the clinical and animal data, survival functions were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test. P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. All statistical analyses were evaluated using GraphPad Prism 4 (San Diego, CA). RESULTS 9 of 12 (75%) evaluable patients responded to the R-2-CdA regimen with median duration of response of 34 months. Median survival of patients from diagnosis and from completion of R-2-CdA treatment was 13.3 and 7.9 years, respectively. In vitro, the combination was effective in all 3 cell lines of lymphomas but with higher sensitivity in the follicular lymphoma cell line. The combination was also effective in the WSU-WM-SCID xenograft model with dose-dependent response and synergistic benefit. All animals were tumor-free for up to 120 days post 2 cycles of this regimen. Rituximab induced activation of deoxycytidine kinase (dCK), p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) in the xenograft WSU-WM tumors. Chemical inhibition of p38MAPK led to inhibition of the GSK-3β phosphorylation suggesting that GSK-3β is regulated by p38MAPK in this model. CONCLUSION Collectively, our studies show concordance between the activity of R-2-CdA in vitro, in human and in WSU-WM xenograft model attesting to the validity of this model in predicting clinical response. Modulation of dCK and GSK-3β by rituximab may contribute to the positive therapeutic interaction between rituximab and 2-CdA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayad M Al-Katib
- />Lymphoma Research Laboratory, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield, room #8229, Detroit, MI 48202 USA
- />Van Elslander Cancer Center, Grosse Pointe Woods, MI USA
| | - Amro Aboukameel
- />Lymphoma Research Laboratory, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield, room #8229, Detroit, MI 48202 USA
| | - AbdulShukkur Ebrahim
- />Lymphoma Research Laboratory, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield, room #8229, Detroit, MI 48202 USA
| | - Frances WJ Beck
- />Lymphoma Research Laboratory, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield, room #8229, Detroit, MI 48202 USA
| | - Samuel E Tekyi-Mensah
- />Lymphoma Research Laboratory, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield, room #8229, Detroit, MI 48202 USA
| | - Ali Raufi
- />Lymphoma Research Laboratory, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield, room #8229, Detroit, MI 48202 USA
| | - Yasin Ahmed
- />Department of Pathology, St John Hospital and Medical Center, Detroit, USA
- />Quest Diagnostics, 4225 E Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 3367-2026 USA
| | - Mary Mandziara
- />Van Elslander Cancer Center, Grosse Pointe Woods, MI USA
| | - Zyad Kafri
- />Van Elslander Cancer Center, Grosse Pointe Woods, MI USA
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Rummel MJ, Niederle N, Maschmeyer G, Banat GA, von Grünhagen U, Losem C, Kofahl-Krause D, Heil G, Welslau M, Balser C, Kaiser U, Weidmann E, Dürk H, Ballo H, Stauch M, Roller F, Barth J, Hoelzer D, Hinke A, Brugger W. Bendamustine plus rituximab versus CHOP plus rituximab as first-line treatment for patients with indolent and mantle-cell lymphomas: an open-label, multicentre, randomised, phase 3 non-inferiority trial. Lancet 2013; 381:1203-10. [PMID: 23433739 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61763-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1044] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rituximab plus chemotherapy, most often CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone), is the first-line standard of care for patients with advanced indolent lymphoma, and for elderly patients with mantle-cell lymphoma. Bendamustine plus rituximab is effective for relapsed or refractory disease. We compared bendamustine plus rituximab with CHOP plus rituximab (R-CHOP) as first-line treatment for patients with indolent and mantle-cell lymphomas. METHODS We did a prospective, multicentre, randomised, open-label, non-inferiority trial at 81 centres in Germany between Sept 1, 2003, and Aug 31, 2008. Patients aged 18 years or older with a WHO performance status of 2 or less were eligible if they had newly diagnosed stage III or IV indolent or mantle-cell lymphoma. Patients were stratified by histological lymphoma subtype, then randomly assigned according to a prespecified randomisation list to receive either intravenous bendamustine (90 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 2 of a 4-week cycle) or CHOP (cycles every 3 weeks of cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m(2), doxorubicin 50 mg/m(2), and vincristine 1.4 mg/m(2) on day 1, and prednisone 100 mg/day for 5 days) for a maximum of six cycles. Patients in both groups received rituximab 375 mg/m(2) on day 1 of each cycle. Patients and treating physicians were not masked to treatment allocation. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival, with a non-inferiority margin of 10%. Analysis was per protocol. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00991211, and the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices of Germany, BfArM 4021335. FINDINGS 274 patients were assigned to bendamustine plus rituximab (261 assessed) and 275 to R-CHOP (253 assessed). At median follow-up of 45 months (IQR 25-57), median progression-free survival was significantly longer in the bendamustine plus rituximab group than in the R-CHOP group (69.5 months [26.1 to not yet reached] vs 31.2 months [15.2-65.7]; hazard ratio 0.58, 95% CI 0.44-0.74; p<0.0001). Bendamustine plus rituximab was better tolerated than R-CHOP, with lower rates of alopecia (0 patients vs 245 (100%) of 245 patients who recieved ≥3 cycles; p<0.0001), haematological toxicity (77 [30%] vs 173 [68%]; p<0.0001), infections (96 [37%] vs 127 [50%]); p=0.0025), peripheral neuropathy (18 [7%] vs 73 [29%]; p<0.0001), and stomatitis (16 [6%] vs 47 [19%]; p<0.0001). Erythematous skin reactions were more common in patients in the bendamustine plus rituximab group than in those in the R-CHOP group (42 [16%] vs 23 [9%]; p=0.024). INTERPRETATION In patients with previously untreated indolent lymphoma, bendamustine plus rituximab can be considered as a preferred first-line treatment approach to R-CHOP because of increased progression-free survival and fewer toxic effects. FUNDING Roche Pharma AG, Ribosepharm/Mundipharma GmbH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias J Rummel
- Medizinische Klinik IV, Hospital of the Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.
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Abstract
Lymphomas are solid tumours of the immune system. Hodgkin's lymphoma accounts for about 10% of all lymphomas, and the remaining 90% are referred to as non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Non-Hodgkin lymphomas have a wide range of histological appearances and clinical features at presentation, which can make diagnosis difficult. Lymphomas are not rare, and most physicians, irrespective of their specialty, will probably have come across a patient with lymphoma. Timely diagnosis is important because effective, and often curative, therapies are available for many subtypes. In this Seminar we discuss advances in the understanding of the biology of these malignancies and new, available treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate R Shankland
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
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Janikova A, Mareckova A, Dvorakova D, Bortlicek Z, Tichy B, Navratil M, Kral Z, Pospisilova S, Mayer J. A real-time (PCR) for a real life…? Quantitative evaluation of BCL2/IGH in follicular lymphoma and its implications for clinical practice. Exp Hematol 2012; 40:528-539.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Conconi A, Ponzio C, Lobetti-Bodoni C, Motta M, Rancoita PM, Stathis A, Moccia AA, Mazzucchelli L, Bertoni F, Ghielmini M, Cavalli F, Zucca E. Incidence, risk factors and outcome of histological transformation in follicular lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2012; 157:188-96. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2012.09054.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Conconi
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI); Bellinzona; Switzerland
| | - Carlotta Ponzio
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI); Bellinzona; Switzerland
| | | | - Maddalena Motta
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI); Bellinzona; Switzerland
| | | | - Anastasios Stathis
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI); Bellinzona; Switzerland
| | - Alden A. Moccia
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI); Bellinzona; Switzerland
| | | | - Francesco Bertoni
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI); Bellinzona; Switzerland
| | - Michele Ghielmini
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI); Bellinzona; Switzerland
| | - Franco Cavalli
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI); Bellinzona; Switzerland
| | - Emanuele Zucca
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI); Bellinzona; Switzerland
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Tobinai K, Igarashi T, Itoh K, Kurosawa M, Nagai H, Hiraoka A, Kinoshita T, Uike N, Ogura M, Nawano S, Mori S, Ohashi Y. Rituximab monotherapy with eight weekly infusions for relapsed or refractory patients with indolent B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma mostly pretreated with rituximab: a multicenter phase II study. Cancer Sci 2011; 102:1698-705. [PMID: 21645173 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.02001.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Information regarding rituximab monotherapy with eight weekly infusions for relapsed or refractory indolent B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), in particular for patients pretreated with rituximab, is limited. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of eight doses of rituximab monotherapy, 52 patients with relapsed or refractory indolent B-NHL were enrolled in the present study. Forty of 45 eligible patients (89%) had follicular lymphoma and 24 (53%) were at intermediate or high risk group according to the Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index. The median number of prior chemotherapy regimens was 1 (range 1-7). At the median follow-up of 12.2 months, the overall response rate (ORR), complete response rate (%CR), and median progression-free survival (PFS) were 69% (95% confidence interval [CI] 53%-82%), 47% (95% CI 32%-62%), and 15.6 months (95% CI 10.6- months), respectively. In the 33 patients pretreated with rituximab, the ORR, %CR, and median PFS were inferior compared with values for the 12 patients who had not received rituximab previously (64%vs 83% for ORR; 39%vs 67% for %CR; and 13.8 vs 17.5 months for median PFS, respectively). All mild-to-moderate infusion-related toxicities were reversible. Grade 3/4 non-hematologic adverse events occurred in six of the 52 patients. Two patients developed Grade 4 late-onset neutropenia and a decrease (>50%) in serum immunoglobulin was observed in six patients. In conclusion, rituximab monotherapy with eight weekly infusions is effective in relapsed patients with indolent B-NHL, with acceptable toxicities, including in patients pretreated with rituximab; however, careful monitoring is recommended for infections associated with late-onset neutropenia and hypogammaglobulinemia. (University Hospital Medical Information Network no. UMIN000002974.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensei Tobinai
- Department of Hematology, and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
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11
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Non-cancer mortality among people diagnosed with lymphohaematopoietic neoplasm in Australia. Cancer Causes Control 2011; 22:715-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s10552-011-9743-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Radioimmunotherapy of relapsed indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma with 131I-rituximab in routine clinical practice: 10-year single-institution experience of 142 consecutive patients. Blood 2011; 117:45-52. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-02-269753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Radioimmunotherapy of indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) has achieved objective response rates in clinical trials comparable with standard rituximab with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone chemotherapy, but is relatively underused in routine practice. In this article, we report our clinical experience in 142 consecutive patients who received iodine-131 rituximab radioimmunotherapy for low-grade, predominantly follicular, relapsed NHL. Objective response rates of 67%, with complete response (CR) in 50% and median overall survival of 32 months, matched the response rates in a phase 2 clinical trial of 131I-rituximab radioimmunotherapy and compares favorably with those reported for 131I-tositumomab or 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan. Progression-free survival was 18 months overall and 32 months in CR or CR-unconfirmed patients. Our patients comprised 107 (75%) follicular lymphoma, 21 (15%) small lymphocytic lymphoma, 6 (4%) mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue/marginal zone lymphoma, and 8 (6%) mantle-cell lymphoma, with median follow-up of 32 months and 8-year overall survival of 48%. Toxicity was limited to hematologic grade 4 neutropenia, occurring in 10% and thrombocytopenia in 6%. There were no episodes of bleeding or infection requiring hospital admission. Radioimmunotherapy with 131I-rituximab in routine clinical outpatient practice provides cost-effective, safe treatment of relapsed/refractory indolent NHL, with half of patients achieving durable, complete remission with potential for repeat radioimmunotherapy on relapse.
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13
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Tobinai K, Ogura M, Itoh K, Kinoshita T, Hotta T, Watanabe T, Morishima Y, Igarashi T, Terauchi T, Ohashi Y. Randomized phase II study of concurrent and sequential combinations of rituximab plus CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone) chemotherapy in untreated indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: 7-year follow-up results. Cancer Sci 2010; 101:2579-85. [PMID: 20942866 PMCID: PMC11159922 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2010.01703.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone (R-CHOP) is one of the most frequently applied initial treatments for indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL); however, information on its long-term outcome is limited. Untreated patients in the concurrent arm (Arm C) received six R (375 mg/m(2) ) treatments, 2 days prior to each cycle of CHOP, and patients in the sequential arm (Arm S) received 6 weekly R (375 mg/m(2) ) treatments following six cycles of CHOP. Sixty-nine patients were randomized but two patients were withdrawn before receiving the protocol treatment. Sixty-five patients (94%) had follicular lymphoma, and 37 (55%) were at low risk, 23 (34%) at intermediate risk and seven (10%) at high risk according to the Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index. We previously reported that the overall response rate (ORR) in Arm C and in Arm S was 94% and 97%, respectively. The median progression-free survival (PFS)/7-year PFS rate in Arm C, Arm S and all 67 assessable patients was 2.4 years/23% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9-40%), 3.8 years/41% (95% CI, 23-57%) and 2.8 years/32% (95% CI, 20-45%), respectively. There was no significant difference between the two arms (P = 0.107). The overall survival (OS) of the 67 patients was 95% at 7 years. In conclusion, R-CHOP is a highly effective initial treatment for untreated indolent B-NHL in terms of ORR and OS; however, its long-term PFS is not good enough either in concurrent or sequential combination, warranting further investigations on post-remission therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensei Tobinai
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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14
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Keating GM. Rituximab: a review of its use in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, low-grade or follicular lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Drugs 2010; 70:1445-76. [PMID: 20614951 DOI: 10.2165/11201110-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rituximab (MabThera, Rituxan) is a chimeric mouse anti-human CD20 monoclonal antibody. This article reviews the use of intravenous rituximab in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), low-grade or follicular lymphoma, and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The addition of rituximab to fludarabine plus cyclophosphamide significantly prolonged progression-free survival both in previously untreated patients with CLL and in those with relapsed or refractory CLL, according to the results of two randomized, open-label, multicentre trials. In patients with previously untreated advanced follicular lymphoma, the addition of rituximab to chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone [CHOP], cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone [CVP], mitoxantrone, chlorambucil and prednisolone, or cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, etoposide and prednisolone) was generally associated with better outcomes than chemotherapy alone in randomized, multicentre trials. In a similarly designed trial, progression-free survival was significantly longer in previously untreated patients with follicular lymphoma, other indolent lymphomas or mantle-cell lymphoma who received rituximab plus bendamustine than in those receiving rituximab plus CHOP. Monotherapy with rituximab also demonstrated efficacy in patients with relapsed or refractory low-grade or follicular lymphoma, according to the results of noncomparative trials. In terms of maintenance therapy, progression-free survival was significantly prolonged with rituximab maintenance therapy versus observation alone in patients with advanced indolent lymphoma who had not progressed following first-line therapy with CVP and in patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma who had responded to CHOP (with or without rituximab), according to the results of randomized, open-label, multicentre trials. In four randomized, open-label, multicentre trials in younger or elderly patients with previously untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, event-free survival, failure-free survival, progression-free survival and overall survival were generally improved to a significant extent by the addition of rituximab to CHOP or CHOP-like chemotherapy. Intravenous rituximab was generally well tolerated in patients with CLL, low-grade or follicular lymphoma, or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, both as monotherapy and when administered in combination with chemotherapy. Infusion reactions were one of the most commonly occurring adverse events in patients receiving intravenous rituximab. The results of pharmacoeconomic modelling analyses demonstrated that rituximab appears to be cost effective in patients with previously untreated follicular lymphoma, in patients with follicular lymphoma receiving rituximab maintenance therapy following treatment for relapsed or refractory disease and in patients with previously untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. In conclusion, rituximab remains a valuable therapy in patients with CLL, low-grade or follicular lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and, in a variety of treatment settings, represents the standard of care.
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Conconi A, Motta M, Bertoni F, Piona C, Stathis A, Wannesson L, Gracia E, Filho VB, Abreu DR, Mian M, Froesch P, Mazzucchelli L, Ghielmini M, Cavalli F, Zucca E. Patterns of survival of follicular lymphomas at a single institution through three decades. Leuk Lymphoma 2010; 51:1028-34. [PMID: 20536347 DOI: 10.3109/10428191003743460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is considered an indolent but incurable disease. It remains to be clarified whether the outcome has changed after the recent introduction of novel treatment modalities. We retrospectively analyzed the outcome of 281 patients with FL treated at the Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland from 1979 to 2007. Three diagnostic eras were considered, according to the major therapeutic changes: before 1989 ('alkylating agents era', n = 73), 1990 to 1999 ('aggressive regimens and G-CSF era', n = 119), and 2000 to 2007 ('rituximab era', n = 89). The distribution of prognostic factors was similar in the three eras. A significant improvement in cause-specific survival (CSS) was observed over time (p = 0.0088), but not in overall survival. Median CSS was 12.5 years for patients with FL diagnosed before 1989, but was not reached in the more recent groups. The estimated CSS rate at 5 years in the three eras was 80%, 86%, and 91%, respectively. The CSS of patients with FL treated at our institution has improved over the last 25 years. This improvement, already evident before the wide introduction of rituximab in clinical practice, may be a result of the sequential application of effective therapies and improved supportive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Conconi
- IOSI - Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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Martinelli G, Schmitz SFH, Utiger U, Cerny T, Hess U, Bassi S, Okkinga E, Stupp R, Stahel R, Heizmann M, Vorobiof D, Lohri A, Dietrich PY, Zucca E, Ghielmini M. Long-term follow-up of patients with follicular lymphoma receiving single-agent rituximab at two different schedules in trial SAKK 35/98. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:4480-4. [PMID: 20697092 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.4786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We report the long-term results of a randomized clinical trial comparing induction therapy with once per week for 4 weeks single-agent rituximab alone versus induction followed by 4 cycles of maintenance therapy every 2 months in patients with follicular lymphoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients (prior chemotherapy 138; chemotherapy-naive 64) received single-agent rituximab and if nonprogressive, were randomly assigned to no further treatment (observation) or four additional doses of rituximab given at 2-month intervals (prolonged exposure). RESULTS At a median follow-up of 9.5 years and with all living patients having been observed for at least 5 years, the median event-free survival (EFS) was 13 months for the observation and 24 months for the prolonged exposure arm (P < .001). In the observation arm, patients without events at 8 years were 5%, while in the prolonged exposure arm they were 27%. Of previously untreated patients receiving prolonged treatment after responding to rituximab induction, at 8 years 45% were still without event. The only favorable prognostic factor for EFS in a multivariate Cox regression was the prolonged rituximab schedule (hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.88; P = .009), whereas being chemotherapy naive, presenting with stage lower than IV, and showing a VV phenotype at position 158 of the Fc-gamma RIIIA receptor were not of independent prognostic value. No long-term toxicity potentially due to rituximab was observed. CONCLUSION An important proportion of patients experienced long-term remission after prolonged exposure to rituximab, particularly if they had no prior treatment and responded to rituximab induction.
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Hagemeister F. Rituximab for the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Drugs 2010; 70:261-72. [PMID: 20166765 DOI: 10.2165/11532180-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody that is widely utilized in the treatment of a number of B-cell-derived haematological malignancies. Rituximab, in combination with chemotherapy, has significantly improved survival outcomes for patients diagnosed with follicular lymphoma (FL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the two most commonly diagnosed subtypes of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Furthermore, chemoimmunotherapy containing rituximab has led to significant increases in complete response and progression-free survival rates for patients with both previously untreated and relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). This article reviews the efficacy data from clinical trials demonstrating the significant survival benefits associated with rituximab use in the treatment of FL, DLBCL and CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick Hagemeister
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Wahlin BE, Aggarwal M, Montes-Moreno S, Gonzalez LF, Roncador G, Sanchez-Verde L, Christensson B, Sander B, Kimby E. A unifying microenvironment model in follicular lymphoma: outcome is predicted by programmed death-1--positive, regulatory, cytotoxic, and helper T cells and macrophages. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:637-50. [PMID: 20068089 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-2487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The microenvironment influences outcome in follicular lymphoma. Our hypothesis was that several immune cell subsets are important for disease outcome and their individual prognostic importance should be demonstrable in the same analysis and in competition with clinical factors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Seventy follicular lymphoma patients with extreme clinical outcome ("poor" and "good" cases) were selected in a population-based cohort of 197. None of the 37 good-outcome patients died from lymphoma, whereas all the 33 poor-outcome patients succumbed in <or=5 years. Furthermore, the good-outcome patients were followed for a long time and needed no or little treatment. A tissue microarray was constructed from diagnostic, pretreatment biopsies. Cellular subsets were quantified after immunostaining, using computerized image analysis, separating cells inside and outside the follicles (follicular and interfollicular compartments). Flow cytometry data from the same samples were also used. RESULTS Independently of the Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index, CD4(+) cells were associated with poor outcome and programmed death-1-positive and CD8(+) cells were associated with good outcome. The prognostic values of CD4(+) and programmed death-1-positive cells were accentuated when they were follicular and that of CD8(+) cells were accentuated when they were interfollicular. Follicular FOXP3(+) cells were associated with good outcome and interfollicular CD68(+) cells were associated with poor outcome. Additionally, high CD4/CD8 and CD4 follicular/interfollicular ratios correlated with poor outcome. CONCLUSION There are many important immune cell subsets in the microenvironment of follicular lymphoma. Each of these is independently associated with outcome. This is the first study showing the effect of the balance of the entire microenvironment, not only of individual subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Engelbrekt Wahlin
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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A Case of Chronic Conjunctivitis following Rituximab Therapy. Adv Hematol 2009; 2009:272495. [PMID: 19946424 PMCID: PMC2778822 DOI: 10.1155/2009/272495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, rituximab in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, with relatively minimal toxicity has been well established. Adverse effects such as low-grade fever, urticaria, bronchospasm, sporadic tachycardia, and hypotension have been described. However, only a single case of rituximab-related, transient conjunctivitis has been documented in literature. We report an occurrence of chronic, bilateral conjunctivitis in an 88-year-old female diagnosed with stage IV, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), who was maintained on rituximab for 12 months. In contrast to the previously described case, our patient developed severe conjunctival inflammation approximately three to four weeks following rituximab induction. Resolution of conjunctivitis occurred within two months after cessation of rituximab treatment.
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