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Ediriweera MK, Tennekoon KH, Samarakoon SR. Emerging role of histone deacetylase inhibitors as anti-breast-cancer agents. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:685-702. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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2
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Chen D, Soh CK, Goh WH, Wang H. Design, Synthesis, and Preclinical Evaluation of Fused Pyrimidine-Based Hydroxamates for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Med Chem 2018; 61:1552-1575. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dizhong Chen
- Drug Development
Unit, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Chang Kai Soh
- Drug Development
Unit, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wei Huang Goh
- Drug Development
Unit, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Haishan Wang
- Drug Development
Unit, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore
- Probit Pharmaceuticals Pte. Ltd., 10 Anson Road no. 26-04, Singapore 079903, Republic of Singapore
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Chai RC, Vieusseux JL, Lang BJ, Nguyen CH, Kouspou MM, Britt KL, Price JT. Histone deacetylase activity mediates acquired resistance towards structurally diverse HSP90 inhibitors. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:567-583. [PMID: 28306192 PMCID: PMC5527463 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) regulates multiple signalling pathways critical for tumour growth. As such, HSP90 inhibitors have been shown to act as effective anticancer agents in preclinical studies but, for a number of reasons, the same effect has not been observed in the clinical trials to date. One potential reason for this may be the presence of de novo or acquired resistance within the tumours. To investigate mechanisms of resistance, we generated resistant cell lines through gradual dose escalation of the HSP90 inhibitor 17‐allylamino‐17‐demethoxygeldanamycin (17‐AAG). The resultant resistant cell lines maintained their respective levels of resistance (7–240×) in the absence of 17‐AAG and were also cross‐resistant with other benzoquinone ansamycin HSP90 inhibitors. Expression of members of the histone deacetylase family (HDAC 1, 5, 6) was altered in the resistant cells. To determine whether HDAC activity contributed to resistance, pan‐HDAC inhibitors (TSA and LBH589) and the class II HDAC‐specific inhibitor SNDX275 were found to resensitize resistant cells towards 17‐AAG and 17‐dimethylaminoethylamino‐17‐demethoxygeldanamycin. Most significantly, resistant cells were also identified as cross‐resistant towards structurally distinct HSP90 inhibitors such as radicicol and the second‐generation HSP90 inhibitors CCT018159, VER50589 and AUY922. HDAC inhibition also resensitized resistant cells towards these classes of HSP90 inhibitors. In conclusion, we report that prolonged 17‐AAG treatment results in acquired resistance of cancer cells towards not just 17‐AAG but also to a spectrum of structurally distinct HSP90 inhibitors. This acquired resistance can be inhibited using clinically relevant HDAC inhibitors. This work supports the potential benefit of using HSP90 and HDAC inhibitors in combination within the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Chai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia.,Bone Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Jessica L Vieusseux
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Benjamin J Lang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre for Life Sciences, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chau H Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia.,College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Michelle M Kouspou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Kara L Britt
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - John T Price
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia.,College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University and University of Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medicine, Melbourne Medical School-Western Precinct, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Vic., Australia
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Abdel-Hafiz HA, Horwitz KB. Role of epigenetic modifications in luminal breast cancer. Epigenomics 2015; 7:847-62. [PMID: 25689414 DOI: 10.2217/epi.15.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Luminal breast cancers represent approximately 75% of cases. Explanations into the causes of endocrine resistance are complex and are generally ascribed to genomic mechanisms. Recently, attention has been drawn to the role of epigenetic modifications in hormone resistance. We review these here. Epigenetic modifications are reversible, heritable and include changes in DNA methylation patterns, modification of histones and altered microRNA expression levels that target the receptors or their signaling pathways. Large-scale analyses indicate distinct epigenomic profiles that distinguish breast cancers from normal and benign tissues. Taking advantage of the reversibility of epigenetic modifications, drugs that target epigenetic modifiers, given in combination with chemotherapies or endocrine therapies, may represent promising approaches to restoration of therapy responsiveness in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany A Abdel-Hafiz
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kathryn B Horwitz
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Pathology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Katz TA, Huang Y, Davidson NE, Jankowitz RC. Epigenetic reprogramming in breast cancer: from new targets to new therapies. Ann Med 2014; 46:397-408. [PMID: 25058177 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2014.923740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death among women in the United States. Recently, interest has grown in the role of epigenetics in breast cancer development and progression. Epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and abnormal expression of non-coding RNAs emerged as novel biomarkers in breast cancer diagnosis, therapy, and prevention. This review focuses on the most recent mechanistic findings underlying epigenetic changes in breast cancer development and their role as predictors of breast cancer risk. The rapid progress in our understanding of epigenetic findings in breast cancer has opened new avenues for potential therapeutic approaches via identification of epigenetic targets. We highlight the development of novel epigenetically targeted drugs, relevant clinical trials in breast cancer patients, and recent approaches combining epigenetic agents with chemotherapy and/or endocrine therapy that may incrementally improve long-term outcomes in appropriately selected breast cancer patients. Biomarkers of response are needed, however, to identify patient subsets that are most likely to benefit from epigenetic treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany A Katz
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, The Women's Cancer Research Center , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
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Sabnis GJ, Goloubeva OG, Kazi AA, Shah P, Brodie AH. HDAC inhibitor entinostat restores responsiveness of letrozole-resistant MCF-7Ca xenografts to aromatase inhibitors through modulation of Her-2. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:2804-16. [PMID: 24092810 PMCID: PMC3858401 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that in innately resistant tumors, silencing of the estrogen receptor (ER) could be reversed by treatment with a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, entinostat. Tumors were then responsive to aromatase inhibitor (AI) letrozole. Here, we investigated whether ER in the acquired letrozole-resistant tumors could be restored with entinostat. Ovariectomized athymic mice were inoculated with MCF-7Ca cells, supplemented with androstenedione (Δ(4)A), the aromatizable substrate. When the tumors reached about 300 mm(3), the mice were treated with letrozole. After initial response to letrozole, the tumors eventually became resistant (doubled their initial volume). The mice then were grouped to receive letrozole, exemestane (250 μg/d), entinostat (50 μg/d), or the combination of entinostat with letrozole or exemestane for 26 weeks. The growth rates of tumors of mice treated with the combination of entinostat with letrozole or exemestane were significantly slower than with the single agent (P < 0.05). Analysis of the letrozole-resistant tumors showed entinostat increased ERα expression and aromatase activity but downregulated Her-2, p-Her-2, p-MAPK, and p-Akt. However, the mechanism of action of entinostat in reversing acquired resistance did not involve epigenetic silencing but rather included posttranslational as well as transcriptional modulation of Her-2. Entinostat treatment reduced the association of the Her-2 protein with HSP-90, possibly by reducing the stability of Her-2 protein. In addition, entinostat also reduced Her-2 mRNA levels and its stability. Our results suggest that the HDAC inhibitor may reverse letrozole resistance in cells and tumors by modulating Her-2 expression and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauri J. Sabnis
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD – 21201
| | - Olga G. Goloubeva
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Medicine and University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD – 21201
| | - Armina A. Kazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD – 21201
- Loyola University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Preeti Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD – 21201
| | - Angela H. Brodie
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD – 21201
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Blagitko-Dorfs N, Jiang Y, Duque-Afonso J, Hiller J, Yalcin A, Greve G, Abdelkarim M, Hackanson B, Lübbert M. Epigenetic priming of AML blasts for all-trans retinoic acid-induced differentiation by the HDAC class-I selective inhibitor entinostat. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75258. [PMID: 24116031 PMCID: PMC3792939 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has only limited single agent activity in AML without the PML-RARα fusion (non-M3 AML). In search of a sensitizing strategy to overcome this relative ATRA resistance, we investigated the potency of the HDAC class-I selective inhibitor entinostat in AML cell lines Kasumi-1 and HL-60 and primary AML blasts. Entinostat alone induced robust differentiation of both cell lines, which was enhanced by the combination with ATRA. This "priming" effect on ATRA-induced differentiation was at least equivalent to that achieved with the DNA hypomethylating agent decitabine, and could overall be recapitulated in primary AML blasts treated ex vivo. Moreover, entinostat treatment established the activating chromatin marks acH3, acH3K9, acH4 and H3K4me3 at the promoter of the RARβ2 gene, an essential mediator of retinoic acid (RA) signaling in different solid tumor models. Similarly, RARβ2 promoter hypermethylation (which in primary blasts from 90 AML/MDS patients was surprisingly infrequent) could be partially reversed by decitabine in the two cell lines. Re-induction of the epigenetically silenced RARβ2 gene was achieved only when entinostat or decitabine were given prior to ATRA treatment. Thus in this model, reactivation of RARβ2 was not necessarily required for the differentiation effect, and pharmacological RARβ2 promoter demethylation may be a bystander phenomenon rather than an essential prerequisite for the cellular effects of decitabine when combined with ATRA. In conclusion, as a "priming" agent for non-M3 AML blasts to the differentiation-inducing effects of ATRA, entinostat is at least as active as decitabine, and both act in part independently from RARβ2. Further investigation of this treatment combination in non-M3 AML patients is therefore warranted, independently of RARβ2 gene silencing by DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Blagitko-Dorfs
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jesús Duque-Afonso
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Jan Hiller
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Arzu Yalcin
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Greve
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mahmoud Abdelkarim
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Björn Hackanson
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Lübbert
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Sharma NL, Groselj B, Hamdy FC, Kiltie AE. The emerging role of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in urological cancers. BJU Int 2013; 111:537-42. [PMID: 23551441 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2012.11647.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
WHAT'S KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT? AND WHAT DOES THE STUDY ADD?: A growing body of evidence supports the anti-cancer effect of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) in vitro, via multiple pathways, and many Phase I clinical trials have shown them to be well-tolerated in a range of malignancies. Combined therapies, including with radiation, present an exciting area of current and planned study. This review summarises the evidence to date, including pre-clinical data and clinical trials, of the anti-cancer effect of HDACi in urological cancers. It provides an overview of epigenetics and the mechanisms of action of HDACi. It suggests areas of future development, including the current challenges for the successful introduction of HDACi into clinical therapy. Epigenetic modifications are known to play a critical role in the development and progression of many cancers. The opposing actions of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone acetyltransferases (HATs) modify chromatin and lead to epigenetic gene regulation, in addition to wider effects on non-histone proteins. There is growing interest in the clinical application of HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) in cancer. HDACi have been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth both in vitro and in vivo and recent clinical trials have shown encouraging results in various urological cancers. In this review, we discuss the existing evidence and potential role for HDACi in urological malignancies, including in combined therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi L Sharma
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Yardley DA, Ismail-Khan RR, Melichar B, Lichinitser M, Munster PN, Klein PM, Cruickshank S, Miller KD, Lee MJ, Trepel JB. Randomized phase II, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of exemestane with or without entinostat in postmenopausal women with locally recurrent or metastatic estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer progressing on treatment with a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31:2128-35. [PMID: 23650416 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.43.7251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Entinostat is an oral isoform selective histone deacetylase inhibitor that targets resistance to hormonal therapies in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. This randomized, placebo-controlled, phase II study evaluated entinostat combined with the aromatase inhibitor exemestane versus exemestane alone. PATIENTS AND METHODS Postmenopausal women with ER+ advanced breast cancer progressing on a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor were randomly assigned to exemestane 25 mg daily plus entinostat 5 mg once per week (EE) or exemestane plus placebo (EP). The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). Blood was collected in a subset of patients for evaluation of protein lysine acetylation as a biomarker of entinostat activity. RESULTS One hundred thirty patients were randomly assigned (EE group, n = 64; EP group, n = 66). Based on intent-to-treat analysis, treatment with EE improved median PFS to 4.3 months versus 2.3 months with EP (hazard ratio [HR], 0.73; 95% CI, 0.50 to 1.07; one-sided P = .055; two-sided P = .11 [predefined significance level of .10, one-sided]). Median overall survival was an exploratory end point and improved to 28.1 months with EE versus 19.8 months with EP (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.97; P = .036). Fatigue and neutropenia were the most frequent grade 3/4 toxicities. Treatment discontinuation because of adverse events was higher in the EE group versus the EP group (11% v 2%). Protein lysine hyperacetylation in the EE biomarker subset was associated with prolonged PFS. CONCLUSION Entinostat added to exemestane is generally well tolerated and demonstrated activity in patients with ER+ advanced breast cancer in this signal-finding phase II study. Acetylation changes may provide an opportunity to maximize clinical benefit with entinostat. Plans for a confirmatory study are underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise A Yardley
- Sarah Cannon Cancer Center, 250 25th Avenue North, Suite 100, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
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Zardavas D, Baselga J, Piccart M. Emerging targeted agents in metastatic breast cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2013; 10:191-210. [PMID: 23459626 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2013.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extensive preclinical experimentation has conceptually changed the way we perceive breast cancer, with the wide spectrum of genomic alterations governing its malignant progression now being recognized. Functional genomics has helped us identify important genetic defects that can be pharmaceutically targeted in the setting of metastatic disease. Rationally chosen combination regimens are now under clinical investigation. Recent data underline the functional importance of the tumour-associated stroma, with several candidate molecular targets now emerging. Data elucidating a cellular hierarchy within the breast cancer cellular compartment support the existence of a therapy-resistant subpopulation of breast cancer stem cells. Identification of the developmental pathways that dictate their malignant phenotype and use of high-throughput screening techniques are leading to new therapeutic avenues. In this Review, we present the biological rationale for the clinical development of more than 15 different classes of targeted agents in breast cancer, along with evidence supporting rational combinations. However, metastatic breast cancer resembles a Darwinian evolutionary system, with 'driver' mutations and epigenetic changes determining clonal selection according to branching trajectories. This evolution is reflected in the molecular heterogeneity of the disease and poses severe impediments to the successful clinical development of emerging targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Zardavas
- Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard de Waterloo 121, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
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Targeting Epigenetic Modifications for the Treatment and Prevention of Breast Cancer. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12609-010-0027-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ellis L, Pili R. Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors: Advancing Therapeutic Strategies in Hematological and Solid Malignancies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2010; 3:2411-2469. [PMID: 21151768 PMCID: PMC3000686 DOI: 10.3390/ph3082441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancement in the understanding of cancer development in recent years has identified epigenetic abnormalities as a common factor in both tumorigenesis and refractory disease. One such event is the dysregulation of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in both hematological and solid tumors, and has consequently resulted in the development of HDAC inhibitors (HDACI) to overcome this. HDACI exhibit pleiotropic biological effects including inhibition of angiogenesis and the induction of autophagy and apoptosis. Although HDACI exhibit modest results as single agents in preclinical and clinical data, they often fall short, and therefore HDACI are most promising in combinational strategies with either standard treatments or with other experimental chemotherapies and targeted therapies. This review will discuss the induction of autophagy and apoptosis and the inhibition of angiogenesis by HDACI, and also pre-clinical and clinical combination strategies using these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Ellis
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Genitourinary Program, Grace Cancer Drug Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA;
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