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López-López A, Gutierrez JLG, Hernández JCP, Matías-Pompa B, Peña IJM. Effectiveness of spontaneous pain coping strategies for acute pain management: A laboratory study. Scand J Psychol 2022; 64:294-301. [PMID: 36575602 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study has been to analyze the relationship between the use of not previously trained, diverse acute pain coping strategies and levels of pain intensity and pain tolerance in a group of healthy participants. Previous research has analyzed the usefulness of the training of these strategies after several training sessions, but adequate patient training requires a great deal of time. Two hundred and forty healthy people participated in the study. Pain coping strategies was evaluated with a version of CSQ-S. Subsequently, the participants completed a cold pressor test and tolerance test. After that, subjects filled in the adaptation of the CSQ-S about the strategies which they had employed throughout the test. Correlation analyses showed a positive relationship between pain intensity and catastrophizing, distractor behaviors, hoping and ignoring the pain. Pain tolerance correlated with self-instructions, ignoring the pain, reinterpreting the pain, catastrophizing and faith and praying. Regression analyses showed that catastrophizing was found to be the strategy that most predicts the variance of pain intensity, and catastrophizing (negative) and ignoring the pain (positive) and praying (negative) were the most predictive ones for pain tolerance. This is the first laboratory study that identifies the more useful pain coping strategies which can be used by patients without previous training in an acute pain context. The results of this study could be useful in the development of protocols for nurses and other health professionals, especially for situations where potentially painful techniques are to be applied to patients.
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Prell T, Liebermann JD, Mendorf S, Lehmann T, Zipprich HM. Pain coping strategies and their association with quality of life in people with Parkinson's disease: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257966. [PMID: 34723975 PMCID: PMC8559924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop multidimensional approaches for pain management, this study aimed to understand how PD patients cope with pain. DESIGN Cross-sectional, cohort study. SETTING Monocentric, inpatient, university hospital. PARTICIPANTS 52 patients with Parkinson's disease (without dementia) analysed. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Motor function, nonmotor symptoms, health-related quality of life (QoL), and the Coping Strategies Questionnaire were assessed. Elastic net regularization and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were used to study the association among coping, clinical parameters, and QoL. RESULTS Most patients cope with pain through active cognitive (coping self-statements) and active behavioral strategies (increasing pain behaviors and increasing activity level). Active coping was associated with lower pain rating. Regarding QoL domains, active coping was associated with better physical functioning and better energy, whereas passive coping was associated with poorer emotional well-being. However, as demonstrated by MANOVA, the impact of coping factors (active and passive) on the Short Form 36 domains was negligible after correction for age, motor function, and depression. CONCLUSION Passive coping strategies are the most likely coping response of those with depressive symptoms, whereas active coping strategies are the most likely coping response to influence physical function. Although coping is associated with pain rating, the extent that pain coping responses can impact on QoL seems to be low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tino Prell
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Center for Healthy Aging, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Sarah Mendorf
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Lehmann
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer Sciences and Documentation, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Tsonis O, Gkrozou F, Barmpalia Z, Makopoulou A, Siafaka V. Integrating Lifestyle Focused Approaches into the Management of Primary Dysmenorrhea: Impact on Quality of Life. Int J Womens Health 2021; 13:327-336. [PMID: 33762855 PMCID: PMC7982556 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s264023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This narrative review aims to identify alternative ways to improve the symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea (PD). BACKGROUND PD refers to endometrial painful cramps during the premenstrual period. This condition affects a lot of women worldwide and is accompanied with absenteeism and high economic costs, thus, risk-free, and effective therapeutic approaches are needed. Pharmacological agents such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and oral contraceptive pills (OCPs), which are widely prescribed for these women, demonstrate adequate efficacy in alleviating pain and discomfort. The long natural course of the disease dictates remedies that focus on lifestyle changes and on improvement of Quality-of-Life (QoL) for women suffering with PD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five major search engines, namely MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched for articles published prior to October 2020 focused in PD. A total of 74 paper were included. DISCUSSION Physical activity, for instance yoga, aromatherapy massage, and other forms of relaxation, vitamins and dietary changes, acupressure and acupuncture,a and some psychological interventions are just few of the proposed health behavior targeted approaches in cases of PD. This review focuses on lifestyle changes and alternative methods that could potentially result in minimizing symptoms of PD and in improving overall QoL for these patients, by providing current scientific evidence on their efficacy. CONCLUSION Complementary and alternative medicine practices (CAM) are widely accepted by women. International literature provides controversial scientific evidence, thus further studies need to be conducted in order to prove or disregard their efficacy in cases of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orestis Tsonis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Fani Gkrozou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zoi Barmpalia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Annamaria Makopoulou
- School of Psychology, College of Human Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Wales, UK
| | - Vassiliki Siafaka
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Suso-Ribera C, Catalá P, Ecija C, Sanromán L, López-Gómez I, Pastor-Mira Á, Peñacoba-Puente C. Exploring the contextual role of pain severity as a moderator of the relationship between activity patterns and the physical and mental functioning of women with fibromyalgia. Eur J Pain 2020; 25:257-268. [PMID: 32996660 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In past years, and mostly due to contextual psychological therapies, it has been argued that particular behavioural patterns may be useful in certain contexts, but not in others. The goal of this study has been to explore whether pain severity is indeed a contextual factor influencing the relationship between two controversial activity patterns, namely pacing and persistence, and functionality in people with fibromyalgia. METHODS Participants were 231 women diagnosed with fibromyalgia. A multivariate regression was conducted to explore the moderating role of pain severity in the relationship between activity patterns and outcomes (i.e. fibromyalgia impact and depressive symptoms). RESULTS Excessive persistence (interaction: t = -2.45, p = 0.015) and pain-contingent persistence (interaction: t= -2.13, p = 0.034) were more strongly associated with fibromyalgia impact when people experienced less severe pain. Pacing for pain reduction was only significantly related to depressive symptoms at very severe (M = 10) pain levels (interaction: β= -0.18, t= -2.73). CONCLUSIONS The results here reported suggest that the context in which behaviour occurs is relevant when the utility of certain behaviour patterns is considered. The clinical implications of this are clear, as it would justify adapting the recommendations given to patients according to their pain severity status. SIGNIFICANCE This manuscript shows that some activity patterns (i.e. pacing to conserve energy for valued activities) might be advisable regardless of pain levels. Conversely, some patterns might be especially recommended (i.e. pain-reduction pacing) or inadvisable (i.e. excessive and pain-contingent persistence) depending on pain levels (i.e. severe and mild pain, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Suso-Ribera
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Jaume I University, Castellon, Spain
| | - Patricia Catalá
- Department of Psychology, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Ecija
- Department of Psychology, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Sanromán
- Department of Psychology, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ángeles Pastor-Mira
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health, Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain
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Validating Invalidation: Examining the Construct Validity of the Illness Invalidation Inventory Among Individuals With Chronic Low Back Pain. Clin J Pain 2020; 36:344-351. [PMID: 32068539 DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000000817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Illness Invalidation Inventory (3*I) was designed to assess individuals' perceived invalidation regarding chronic pain experiences. However, no study has yet investigated the psychometric properties of the 3*I among individuals with chronic low back pain (CLBP). Given the personal and societal impact of CLBP and the potential for invalidation associated with this condition, the current study sought to examine the psychometric properties of the 3*I among individuals with CLBP. MATERIALS AND METHODS Community-dwelling adults with CLBP living in the Southwestern United States (N=134) completed the 3*I. In line with previous literature, current analyses focused on the 3*I "family members" subscale. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed on participant responses. Hierarchical linear regression analyses examined the relationship between the identified factors and participant self-reported pain severity, disability, and depression. RESULTS Exploratory factor analysis conducted on the 3*I "family members" subscale found 2 factors with high internal consistency (α>0.70) that cumulatively accounted for 49.04% of the variance in scores. Consistent with previous findings, factor loadings suggested that these factors correspond to "discounting" and "lack of understanding." Subsequent confirmatory factor analysis found that this 2-factor model demonstrated a good fit with the data. Greater perceived discounting by family members was associated with greater pain severity, disability, and depression. DISCUSSION The 2-factor model of the 3*I "family members" subscale identified in the current study reflects previous findings and extends the psychometric validity of the 3*I to a US multiethnic sample of individuals with CLBP.
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Cabrera-Perona V, Buunk AP, Terol-Cantero MC, Quiles-Marcos Y, Martín-Aragón M. Social comparison processes and catastrophising in fibromyalgia: A path analysis. Psychol Health 2017; 32:745-764. [PMID: 28366052 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2017.1307370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In addition to coping strategies, social comparison may play a role in illness adjustment. However, little is known about the role of contrast and identification in social comparison in adaptation to fibromyalgia. AIM To evaluate through a path analysis in a sample of fibromyalgia patients, the association between identification and contrast in social comparison, catastrophising and specific health outcomes (fibromyalgia illness impact and psychological distress). MATERIAL AND METHOD 131 Spanish fibromyalgia outpatients (mean age: 50.15, SD = 11.1) filled out a questionnaire. RESULTS We present a model that explained 33% of the variance in catastrophising by direct effects of more use of upward contrast and downward identification. In addition, 35% of fibromyalgia illness impact variance was explained by less upward identification, more upward contrast and more catastrophising and 42% of the variance in psychological distress by a direct effect of more use of upward contrast together with higher fibromyalgia illness impact. DISCUSSION We suggest that intervention programmes with chronic pain and fibromyalgia patients should focus on enhancing the use of upward identification in social comparison, and on minimising the use of upward contrast and downward identification in social comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Cabrera-Perona
- a Dpto. de Psicología de la Salud, Campus de San Juan, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche , Alicante , Spain
| | - A P Buunk
- b Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences , University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - M C Terol-Cantero
- a Dpto. de Psicología de la Salud, Campus de San Juan, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche , Alicante , Spain
| | - Y Quiles-Marcos
- a Dpto. de Psicología de la Salud, Campus de San Juan, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche , Alicante , Spain
| | - M Martín-Aragón
- a Dpto. de Psicología de la Salud, Campus de San Juan, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche , Alicante , Spain
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de Heer EW, Vriezekolk JE, van der Feltz-Cornelis CM. Poor Illness Perceptions Are a Risk Factor for Depressive and Anxious Symptomatology in Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:217. [PMID: 29163236 PMCID: PMC5671978 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with widespread pain, such as in fibromyalgia, are vulnerable for depression and anxiety, which composes a relevant public health problem. Identifying risk factors for the onset of depression and anxiety is therefore warranted. Objective of this study was to determine whether severe pain, maladaptive coping, and poor illness perceptions are associated with depressive and anxious symptomatology in fibromyalgia. METHOD Consecutive patients referred to an outpatient clinic completed sets of physical and psychological questionnaires at baseline and at 18-month follow-up. A total of 452 patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) were eligible for inclusion, and subsequently, 280 patients returned the baseline questionnaire. Depressive and anxious symptomatology was measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. To measure pain severity, coping style, and illness perceptions, the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, Pain Coping Inventory, and the Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised (IPQ-R) were used, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analyses, bootstrapping and calibration, were performed to examine the association of pain severity, pain coping, and illness perception with depressive and anxiety symptoms at follow-up, adjusted for sociodemographic variables. Initial level of depressive and anxiety symptoms was selected as covariates. RESULTS Mean age was 42.6 years and 95.4% were female. At 18-month follow-up, 68 (of the 195) patients were depressed and 80 (of the 197) were anxious. Only the IPQ-R subscale "emotional representations" showed a significant positive association with depressive symptoms at follow-up (OR = 1.10), next to the initial level of depressive symptoms (OR = 1.30). In case of anxiety, only the IPQ-R subscale "treatment control" showed a significant negative association with anxiety symptoms at follow-up (OR = 0.87), next to the initial level of anxiety symptoms (OR = 1.45). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that not pain severity or maladaptive coping, but poor illness perceptions are important in elevated depressive and anxious symptomatology. Patients with fibromyalgia who think their illness negatively affects their mental well-being are at increased risk for more depressive symptoms, and those who think treatment of their illness will not be effective are at increased risk for more anxiety symptoms. Strengthening illness beliefs and reducing catastrophic thinking, therefore, seem crucial factors in the treatment of patients with FMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W de Heer
- Centre of Excellence for Body, Mind and Health, GGz Breburg, Tilburg, Netherlands.,Tranzo Department, Tilburg School of Behavioural and Social Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | | | - Christina M van der Feltz-Cornelis
- Centre of Excellence for Body, Mind and Health, GGz Breburg, Tilburg, Netherlands.,Tranzo Department, Tilburg School of Behavioural and Social Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
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Executive functions, self-regulation, and chronic pain: a review. Ann Behav Med 2009; 37:173-83. [PMID: 19357933 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-009-9096-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pain conditions are complicated and challenging to live with. Capacity to adjust to such conditions may depend on the ability to self-regulate, that is, the ability to alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Self-regulation appears to rely on executive cognitive functions, and the current review, therefore, sought to draw attention to the impact of self-regulatory capacity and executive functions on chronic pain. DISCUSSION Chronic pain conditions present with complex interactions of cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and physiological components for which self-regulatory ability is crucial. The ability to self-regulate varies, and self-regulatory strength appears to be a limited resource that can be fatigued. The many challenges of chronic pain conditions could, therefore, tax self-regulatory strength, leading to self-regulatory deficits. CONCLUSION The current review proposes a relationship among pain, self-regulatory capacity, self-regulatory demands, executive functions, and self-regulatory fatigue, suggesting that executive functions and self-regulatory deficits are indeed part of the etiology and maintenance of chronic pain conditions.
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Walsh TM, LeBlanc L, McGrath PJ. Menstrual Pain Intensity, Coping, and Disability: The Role of Pain Catastrophizing. PAIN MEDICINE 2003; 4:352-61. [PMID: 14750911 DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2003.03039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Menstrual pain or primary dysmenorrhea has not received much attention in the field of pain research. Little is understood about the effects menstrual pain has on the women who experience it. No studies to date have examined the cognitive factors related to the perceived intensity and coping of menstrual pain. To investigate these areas further, this study examined the associations between pain catastrophizing and how women perceive and cope with menstrual pain. DESIGN A prospective and retrospective between-subjects study. PARTICIPANTS Ninety-three undergraduate women, with a regular menstrual period and no preexisting pain disorder (e.g., endometriosis) that affects menstrual pain, were classified into high or low pain catastrophizing groups. OUTCOME MEASURES Participants completed several self-reported questionnaires assessing pain catastrophizing, menstrual pain intensity, coping, and disability. RESULTS High pain catastrophizers, in comparison with low pain catastrophizers, reported greater menstrual pain intensities, greater affective menstrual pain intensity, greater variability in the use of pain coping strategies, lower perceived effectiveness of over-the-counter medications and nonmedical pain coping strategies, and greater disability. CONCLUSIONS The results extend our knowledge about the associations between pain catastrophizing and menstrual pain, reemphasize that pain experience is best viewed as a multidimensional construct, and have implications for the management of menstrual pain.
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