1
|
Yu Y, Xiao Y. Coparenting Alleviated the Effect of Psychological Distress on Parental Psychological Flexibility. Front Psychol 2021; 12:646380. [PMID: 34335362 PMCID: PMC8322113 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.646380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Parenting is full of challenges and responsibilities. It is particularly important for parents to be open to parental difficult experiences and adopt behaviors consistent with self-chosen values, which termed as parental psychological flexibility (PPF). However, few studies have focused on the effect of psychological distress (anxiety and depression) on different components of PPF. This study examined the effect of psychological distress on the three components of PPF (cognitive defusion, committed action, and acceptance) as well as the role of coparenting quality in Chinese parents. A total of 462 parents of children aged 1–18 years completed self-report measures of anxiety, depression, coparenting, and PPF. Our results revealed that higher level of PPF went along with less anxiety and depression, while it was also associated with better coparenting quality. Coparenting partially mediated the effect of anxiety on cognitive defusion and acceptance and fully mediated the effect of depression on cognitive defusion and acceptance. Moderation analyses showed that the link between anxiety and cognitive defusion, as well as the link between anxiety and acceptance were moderated by coparenting. We discussed the implications of coparenting as a protective factor in alleviating the negative effect of psychological distress on PPF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongju Yu
- Department of Social Work, School of Sociology and Law, Sichuan International Studies University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Department of Social Work, School of Sociology and Law, Sichuan International Studies University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schmidt SJ, Barblan LP, Lory I, Landolt MA. Age-related effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of children and adolescents. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2021; 12:1901407. [PMID: 33968328 PMCID: PMC8075089 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1901407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Children and adolescents are affected in various ways by the lockdown measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, it is crucial to better understand the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in this age-group. Objective: The objective was to investigate and compare the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in three age groups (1-6 years, 7-10 years, 11-19 years) and to examine the associations with psychological factors. Methods: An anonymous online survey was conducted from 9 April to 11 May 2020 during the acute phase of major lockdown measures. In this cross-sectional study, children and adolescents aged between 1 and 19 years were recruited as a population-based sample. They were eligible if they were residents in Austria, Germany, Liechtenstein or Switzerland, were parents/caregivers of a child aged between 1 and 10 years or adolescents ≥11 years, had sufficient German language skills and provided informed consent. Results: Among 5823 participants, between 2.2% and 9.9% reported emotional and behavioural problems above the clinical cut-off and between 15.3% and 43.0% reported an increase in these problems during the pandemic. Significant age-related effects were found regarding the type and frequency of problems (χ2 (4)≥50.2, P ≤ 0.001). While preschoolers (1-6 years) had the largest increase in oppositional-defiant behaviours, adolescents reported the largest increase in emotional problems. Adolescents experienced a significantly larger decrease in emotional and behavioural problems than both preschoolers and school-children. Sociodemographic variables, exposure to and appraisal of COVID-19, psychotherapy before COVID-19 and parental mental health significantly predicted change in problem-scores (F ≥ 3.69, P ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: A substantial proportion of children and adolescents experience age-related mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. These problems should be monitored, and support should be offered to risk-groups to improve communication, emotion regulation and appraisal style.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie J Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lara P Barblan
- Division of Child and Adolescent Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Irina Lory
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus A Landolt
- Division of Child and Adolescent Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, And Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Glackin E, Forbes D, Heberle A, Carter A, Gray SAO. Caregiver Self-Reports and Reporting of Their Preschoolers' Trauma Exposure: Discordance Across Assessment Methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:172-180. [PMID: 31507351 DOI: 10.1037/trm0000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Nearly half of preschool-aged children from low-income families in the United States have been exposed to potentially traumatic events (PTEs), yet few are identified or receive trauma-focused mental health care. Given the critical need to accurately and efficiently identify PTE-exposed individuals, the current study examined discordant caregiver self-reporting of PTE exposure and caregiver reporting of child PTE exposure across two assessment methods: checklist and interview. Research has demonstrated significant cross-method discrepancies among adults reporting stressful life experiences, but examinations of caregiver reporting for their young children have not been conducted. Further, given their possible impact on reporting patterns, caregiver and child characteristics were examined in relation to discordant caregiver reporting by trauma type. Participants were 64 low-income, racially and ethnically diverse caregivers and their preschool-aged children from a Northeastern US city. Caregivers reported self and child PTE exposure via checklist and semi-structured interview. Cross-method discordance for caregiver and child exposure by trauma type ranged from 10.9% to 46.9% (Cohen's kappa =.06-.70). Caregiver race and education were associated with discordant reporting, as were caregiver and child psychopathology. Lower levels of caregiver psychopathology were associated with discordant caregiver reporting of their own exposure, whereas higher levels were associated with discordant caregiver reporting of child exposure. Discordant caregiver reporting of PTE exposure varies by assessment format and trauma type and is differentially related to caregiver demographics and caregiver and child psychopathology. Associations between assessment methods, individual characteristics, and reporting should be considered when assessing PTE exposure to support service engagement and targeted treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin Glackin
- Department of Psychology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Danielle Forbes
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amy Heberle
- Department of Psychology, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Alice Carter
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah A O Gray
- Department of Psychology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kavanaugh SA, Neppl TK, Melby JN. Economic pressure and depressive symptoms: Testing the family stress model from adolescence to adulthood. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2018; 32:957-965. [PMID: 30070569 PMCID: PMC6205903 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The family stress model (FSM) was used to examine the effects of economic pressure on maternal depressive symptoms, couple conflict, and mother harsh parenting during adolescence on offspring depressive symptoms in adulthood. Prospective longitudinal data were analyzed across 3 developmental time points that included 451 mothers and their adolescents. Economic pressure and mother depressive symptoms were assessed during early adolescence, couple conflict and mother harsh parenting were assessed during middle to late adolescence, and offspring depressive symptoms were assessed in adulthood. Findings were in support of pathways in the FSM in that economic pressure was related to maternal depressive symptoms, which were associated with couple conflict, which in turn predicted mother harsh parenting during adolescence, and mother harsh parenting was associated with offspring depressive symptoms in adulthood. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
5
|
Haag AC, Landolt MA. Young Children’s Acute Stress After a Burn Injury: Disentangling the Role of Injury Severity and Parental Acute Stress. J Pediatr Psychol 2017; 42:861-870. [DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsx059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
6
|
Landolt MA, Ystrom E, Stene-Larsen K, Holmstrøm H, Vollrath ME. Exploring causal pathways of child behavior and maternal mental health in families with a child with congenital heart disease: a longitudinal study. Psychol Med 2014; 44:3421-3433. [PMID: 24286537 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291713002894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A congenital heart defect (CHD) can increase the risk of mental health problems in affected children and their parents. The extent to which risk factors for these problems are shared in families or are specific to the individual family member is unclear. METHOD Prospective data from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa; n = 93,009) were linked with a nationwide CHD registry, and 408 children with CHD were identified. Mothers' reports on child internalizing problems and their own distress were assessed by questionnaires at child ages 6, 18 and 36 months. A structural model was applied to distinguish between familial (shared) factors and individual-specific factors for mental health problems. RESULTS CHD was a substantial risk factor for problems in children and their mothers at all time points. CHD contributed on average 31% and 39% to the variance in children's and mothers' problems respectively. Both shared familial and individual-specific factors unique to CHD families contributed to risk for mental health problems. Whereas individual-specific risk factors contributed to the stability of problems in mothers, the effect of these factors lasted only a short time in children. Mutual influences over time were found between the mother's and the child's mental health at 18 and 36 months. CONCLUSIONS The burden of CHD in a child is shared between family members but is also specific to the individual. This study points to a need for both an individual and a family-based approach to provide psychological support to children with CHD and their parents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Landolt
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry,University Children's Hospital,Zurich,Switzerland
| | - E Ystrom
- Division of Mental Health,Norwegian Institute of Public Health,Oslo,Norway
| | - K Stene-Larsen
- Division of Mental Health,Norwegian Institute of Public Health,Oslo,Norway
| | - H Holmstrøm
- Department of Pediatrics,Oslo University Hospital,Norway
| | - M E Vollrath
- Division of Mental Health,Norwegian Institute of Public Health,Oslo,Norway
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Parent J, Forehand R, Dunbar JP, Watson KH, Reising MM, Seehuus M, Compas BE. Parent and adolescent reports of parenting when a parent has a history of depression: associations with observations of parenting. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 42:173-83. [PMID: 23851629 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-013-9777-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined the congruence of parent and adolescent reports of positive and negative parenting with observations of parent-adolescent interactions as the criterion measure. The role of parent and adolescent depressive symptoms in moderating the associations between adolescent or parent report and observations of parenting also was examined. Participants were 180 parents (88.9 % female) with a history of clinical depression and one of their 9-to-15 year old children (49.4 % female). Parents and adolescents reported on parenting skills and depressive symptoms, and parenting was independently observed subsequently in the same session. Findings indicated adolescent report of positive, but not negative, parenting was more congruent with observations than parent report. For negative parenting, depressive symptoms qualified the relation between the parent or adolescent report and independent observations. For parents, higher levels of depressive symptoms were associated with more congruence with observed parenting (supporting a depressive realism hypothesis) whereas an opposite trend emerged for adolescents (providing some supporting evidence for a depression-distortion hypothesis).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Parent
- Dewey Hall, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yurduşen S, Erol N, Gençöz T. The effects of parental attitudes and mothers' psychological well-being on the emotional and behavioral problems of their preschool children. Matern Child Health J 2013; 17:68-75. [PMID: 22273835 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-012-0946-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the association between emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children and maternal attitudes. The predictor variables were parental attitudes, maternal depression and anxiety symptoms. Our sample consisted of the mothers of 204 preschool children attending different preschools in Ankara, Turkey. Mothers were asked to complete the parental attitude research instrument, the beck depression inventory, the trait anxiety inventory, and the child-behavior checklist. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that when considered jointly, maternal anxiety but not maternal depression explained variability in preschool children internalizing and externalizing their problems. Mothers rejecting attitudes towards family life and child-raising styles were also found to be closely associated with the emotional and behavioral problems in their children. The findings demonstrate that the importance of maternal anxiety is above and beyond the importance of rejecting the maternal role when it comes to preschool problems in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sema Yurduşen
- Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lau AS, Valeri SM, McCarty CA, Weisz JR. Abusive parents' reports of child behavior problems: relationship to observed parent-child interactions. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2006; 30:639-55. [PMID: 16782194 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2005.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2003] [Revised: 10/31/2005] [Accepted: 11/26/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated the hypothesis that abusive parents' reports may exaggerate rates of child behavior problems in a clinical sample. METHOD The association between parental ratings of behavior problems and independent observations of child behaviors was examined in a sample of 205 clinic-referred families, 58 of which had a reported history of physical abuse. RESULTS Relative to the comparison group, parents in the abuse group reported more externalizing problems in their children after controlling for parental psychopathology, and displayed more emotionally controlling and less supportive behavior during parent-child interactions. However, there was no association between abuse history and observed child behaviors during the interaction tasks. Abuse status significantly moderated the association between parent-reported externalizing behaviors and observed demanding behavior by the child; the association was significant among comparison families, but not in the abuse group families. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that abusive parents may over-report externalizing behavior problems in their children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Lau
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 9511563, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Stover CS, Berkowitz S. Assessing violence exposure and trauma symptoms in young children: a critical review of measures. J Trauma Stress 2005; 18:707-17. [PMID: 16382437 DOI: 10.1002/jts.20079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The acknowledgment of the existence of age-specific posttraumatic stress symptoms in infants, toddlers, and preschoolers points to the urgent need for standardized assessment tools for violence exposure and trauma symptoms in young children. The authors review the assessment measures currently available for the evaluation of potentially traumatic events (PTE) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in children less than 6 years old. Each measure is described and its strengths and weaknesses discussed in a developmental context, while also considering the specific difficulties inherent to the assessment of young children. Recommendations for further test development are given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Smith Stover
- National Center for Children Exposed to Violence, Yale University Child Study Center, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mowbray CT, Lewandowski L, Bybee D, Oyserman D. Relationship between maternal clinical factors and mother-reported child problems. Community Ment Health J 2005; 41:687-704. [PMID: 16328583 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-005-6425-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Maternal depression has been associated with mothers' elevated reports of child problems. However, it is unclear the extent to which elevations in mother ratings reflect having a depression diagnosis, having any mental illness diagnosis, or having a diagnosis vs. symptom levels. As part of a NIMH-funded, longitudinal study of mothers with serious mental illness (N=379), we examined the relationship between mother-reported adolescent behavior problems (N=78) and maternal depression vs. other diagnoses, as well as the effects of depression diagnosis vs. symptom levels. Mothers were recruited from the public mental health system in an urban area, and are primarily African-American and low income. We found that maternal psychiatric symptoms made a unique and significant contribution to explaining the variance in mother-reported child problems, independent of controls (e.g., teacher reports and child demographics), while maternal diagnosis did not. Implications of findings are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol T Mowbray
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, 1080 South University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1106, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Duke N, Ireland M, Borowsky IW. Identifying psychosocial problems among youth: factors associated with youth agreement on a positive parent-completed PSC-17. Child Care Health Dev 2005; 31:563-73. [PMID: 16101652 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2005.00551.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The choice of informant is a critical piece in the identification of psychosocial problems in youth. While many behavioural measures have been adapted to include information from multiple sources, in the case of parents and youth, poor agreement has been found. Our study purpose was to identify youth and parent factors associated with whether the youth agrees with a positive parent-completed screen of youth psychosocial problems. METHODS Parents of youth aged 10-15 years who were seen for a medical visit at eight clinics completed the 17-item Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC-17). Youth scoring positive on the screen and their parents/guardians were interviewed by telephone after the visit (n = 145). We conducted bivariate and multivariate analyses to identify parent characteristics and child factors associated with whether the youth agrees with the positive parent-completed screen. RESULTS Fifty per cent of youth participants agreed with their parent on a positive parent-completed PSC-17 based on their completion of the Y-PSC-17 as a self-report measure. Youth who reported a positive Y-PSC-17 in agreement with their parent were twice as likely to meet diagnostic cut-offs on sub-scales of anxiety/depression and aggression on the Child Behaviour Checklist (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 respectively), reported lower parent-child connectedness (P < 0.01) and their parents reported more anger/frustration (P < 0.05) than youth who disagreed with the positive parent-completed screen. Most of these associations remained significant when controlling for the other factors and demographic characteristics in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that when the youth agrees with a positive parent-completed PSC-17, there is higher parent frustration, lower parent-child connectedness, and the youth is more likely to have a diagnosis of an emotional or behavioural disorder. Thus, when possible, the use of both parent and youth as informants provides necessary information in formulating a comprehensive treatment strategy to address the psychosocial needs of youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Duke
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Validation of the Pediatric Inventory for Parents in Mothers of Children With Type 1 Diabetes: An Examination of Parenting Stress, Anxiety, and Childhood Psychopathology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1037/1091-7527.23.1.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
14
|
Calzada EJ, Eyberg SM, Rich B, Querido JG. Parenting disruptive preschoolers: experiences of mothers and fathers. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2004; 32:203-13. [PMID: 15164861 DOI: 10.1023/b:jacp.0000019771.43161.1c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This study examined parental functioning and interactions with young children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), with emphasis on differences between mothers and fathers in their responses to their child and in their unique contributions to the prediction of child disruptive behavior. Participants were 53 3- to 6-year olds with ODD who presented for treatment with two parents. Mothers reported more severe disruptive behavior and higher parenting stress than fathers. During parent-child interactions, mothers showed more responsiveness than fathers, even though children were more compliant during interactions with fathers. Regression analyses showed that fathers' parent-related stress was predictive of both mothers' and father's reports of disruptive child behavior; mothers' marital satisfaction was predictive of behavioral observations of child compliance with both mothers and fathers. This study revealed several important differences in the experiences of mothers versus fathers of disruptive children and indicates the importance of including the father in the child's assessment and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther J Calzada
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chronis AM, Chacko A, Fabiano GA, Wymbs BT, Pelham WE. Enhancements to the behavioral parent training paradigm for families of children with ADHD: review and future directions. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2004; 7:1-27. [PMID: 15119686 DOI: 10.1023/b:ccfp.0000020190.60808.a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral parent training (BPT) is one of the empirically supported psychosocial treatments for ADHD. Over many years and in many studies, BPT has been documented to improve both child ADHD behavior and maladaptive parenting behavior. In some studies, BPT has also been found to result in benefits in additional domains, such as parenting stress and child classroom behavior. However, the BPT literature on children selected as having ADHD lags behind research conducted on BPT for children selected as having oppositional defiant and conduct disorders (ODD and CD, respectively) with regard to examination of factors that may limit treatment attainment, compliance, and outcomes, such as single parenthood, parental psychopathology, and child comorbidity. Because of the high degree of comorbidity between ADHD and ODD/CD, it is difficult to separate the two BPT literatures. The parameters of BPT (e.g.. format and setting), parent factors, and child factors that may contribute to treatment outcomes for families of children with ADHD are reviewed here and recommendations for future BPT research in the area of ADHD are made.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Chronis
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Elgar FJ, Curtis LJ, McGrath PJ, Waschbusch DA, Stewart SH. Antecedent-consequence conditions in maternal mood and child adjustment: a four-year cross-lagged study. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2003; 32:362-74. [PMID: 12881025 DOI: 10.1207/s15374424jccp3203_05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Examined the mutual influence on maternal depressive symptoms and child adjustment problems and their antecedent-consequence conditions across 3 cycles of panel data collected over a 4-year period in the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY). Results indicated stability in, and relations between, maternal and child outcomes. Cross-lagged panel correlations showed that maternal depressive symptoms tended to precede child aggression and hyperactivity but tended to follow child emotional problems. Temporal relations were interpreted in the context of mechanisms that transmit risk between mothers and children. Logistic regression analysis showed bidirectional risk between maternal mood and child adjustment after earlier symptoms were statistically controlled. These findings indicate that maternal depression increases the risk of adjustment problems in children, and vice versa, underscoring the intergenerational transmission of psychopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank J Elgar
- Department of Psychology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Children's intellectual and emotional-behavioral adjustment at 4 years as a function of cocaine exposure, maternal characteristics, and environmental risk. Dev Psychol 2003. [PMID: 12220044 DOI: 10.1037//0012-1649.38.5.648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The authors examined 223 children at age 4 years for the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure, exposure to other substances, maternal and environmental risk factors, and neonatal medical problems on IQ, externalizing problems, and internalizing problems. Regression analyses showed that maternal verbal IQ and low environmental risk predicted child IQ. Cocaine exposure negatively predicted children's overall IQ and verbal reasoning scores, but only for boys. Cocaine exposure also predicted poorer short-term memory. Maternal harsh discipline, maternal depressive symptoms, and increased environmental risk predicted externalizing problems. In contrast, only maternal depressive symptoms predicted internalizing problems. These findings indicate that early exposure to substances is largely unrelated to subsequent IQ or adjustment, particularly for girls.
Collapse
|
18
|
Treutler CM, Epkins CC. Are discrepancies among child, mother, and father reports on children's behavior related to parents' psychological symptoms and aspects of parent-child relationships? JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2003; 31:13-27. [PMID: 12597696 DOI: 10.1023/a:1021765114434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Examined whether parents' symptoms and qualitative and quantitative aspects of parent-child relationships make unique contributions to mothers' and fathers' reports of, and mother-child, father-child, and father-mother discrepancies on, children's behavior. Participants were 100 children, aged 10-12, and their mothers and fathers. Parents' symptoms and parent-child relationships made unique contributions to both parents' ratings of externalizing behavior. Although parent-child relationship variables were related to both parents' ratings of internalizing behavior, only parents' symptoms made unique contributions. On mother-child and father-child discrepancies, differences emerged between mother and father, and internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Both fathers' and mothers' symptoms contributed to father-mother discrepancies on both behavior types, with parent-child relationships contributing unique variance to discrepancies on internalizing behavior. Results highlight the importance of each informant's symptoms and relationship variables in understanding informant discrepancies.
Collapse
|
19
|
Bennett DS, Bendersky M, Lewis M. Children's intellectual and emotional-behavioral adjustment at 4 years as a function of cocaine exposure, maternal characteristics, and environmental risk. Dev Psychol 2002; 38:648-58. [PMID: 12220044 PMCID: PMC1522054 DOI: 10.1037/0012-1649.38.5.648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The authors examined 223 children at age 4 years for the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure, exposure to other substances, maternal and environmental risk factors, and neonatal medical problems on IQ, externalizing problems, and internalizing problems. Regression analyses showed that maternal verbal IQ and low environmental risk predicted child IQ. Cocaine exposure negatively predicted children's overall IQ and verbal reasoning scores, but only for boys. Cocaine exposure also predicted poorer short-term memory. Maternal harsh discipline, maternal depressive symptoms, and increased environmental risk predicted externalizing problems. In contrast, only maternal depressive symptoms predicted internalizing problems. These findings indicate that early exposure to substances is largely unrelated to subsequent IQ or adjustment, particularly for girls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David S Bennett
- Department of Psychiatry, Drexel University College of Medicine, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Weis R, Lovejoy MC. Information processing in everyday life: Emotion-congruent bias in mothers' reports of parent-child interactions. J Pers Soc Psychol 2002. [DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.83.1.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|