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Moseson DE, Tran TB, Karunakaran B, Ambardekar R, Hiew TN. Trends in amorphous solid dispersion drug products approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration between 2012 and 2023. Int J Pharm X 2024; 7:100259. [PMID: 38974024 PMCID: PMC11225173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Forty-eight (48) drug products (DPs) containing amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in the 12-year period between 2012 and 2023. These DPs comprise 36 unique amorphous drugs. Ten (10) therapeutic categories are represented, with most DPs containing antiviral and antineoplastic agents. The most common ASD polymers are copovidone (49%) and hypromellose acetate succinate (30%), while spray drying (54%) and hot melt extrusion (35%) are the most utilized manufacturing processes to prepare the ASD drug product intermediate (DPI). Tablet dosage forms are the most common, with several capsule products available. Line extensions of several DPs based on flexible oral solids and powders for oral suspension have been approved which provide patient-centric dosing to pediatric and other patient populations. The trends in the use of common excipients and film coating types are discussed. Eighteen (18) DPs are fixed-dose combinations, and some contain a mixture of amorphous and crystalline drugs. The DPs have dose/unit of amorphous drug ranging from <5 mg up to 300 mg, with the majority being ≤100 mg/unit. This review details several aspects of DPI and DP formulation and manufacturing of ASDs, as well as trends related to therapeutic category, dose, and patient-centricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana E. Moseson
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Trong Bien Tran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Bharathi Karunakaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Rohan Ambardekar
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Sandwich CT13 9NJ, UK
| | - Tze Ning Hiew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa 52242, USA
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Atneriya U, Sainy J, Chidrawar VR, Sharma M, Maheshwari R. D-optimal mixture design inspired modified release tablet formulation of lamotrigine for the treatment of seizures: An in-depth characterization. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2024; 82:446-463. [PMID: 37866637 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lamotrigine (LTG) an anticonvulsant drug with a dissociation constant (pKa: 5.7), suffers from enhanced blood plasma spike after each dose, when administered as fast release tablet. Being BCS class-II candidate and pH dependent solubility, development of release-controlled tablets of LTG is a major challenge. This investigation aims at designing the release-controlled tablet (RCT) formulation of LTG using a solid dispersion (SD) technique via addressing its solubility and release problems. MATERIAL AND METHODS RCT of LTG was fabricated using SD blend of Eudragit RL and Eudragit RS and PVP K-30 with different polymer blend ratio (1:5 and 1:7). The optimization of RCT of LTG was performed using D-optimal mixture design with three independent variables, three response variables, and one constraint. The dissolution rate was determined and data were then fitted to different mathematical models. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies and tableting parameters were analyzed. RESULT In vitro studies of predicted optimized batches (POBs) have shown that drug release over a period of 12hours was 88.05±3.4% in media I, 86.10±3.7% in media II and 85.84±4.2% in media III. An in vitro kinetic model equating R2-value for all the tested models indicated that the first order and Higuchi release kinetics model were the most appropriate. CONCLUSION Based on the optimized formulation consisting of SD of LTG with Eudragit RL, Eudragit RS and PVP K-30, the release rate was consistently similar throughout the GI tract, regardless of the pH of the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Atneriya
- School of Pharmacy, Devi-Ahilya-Vishwavidhylaya, Indore-454309, India
| | - Jitendra Sainy
- School of Pharmacy, Devi-Ahilya-Vishwavidhylaya, Indore-454309, India
| | - Vijay R Chidrawar
- School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS) Deemed-to-University, Green Industrial Park, TSIIC, Jadcherla-509301, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mayank Sharma
- School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS) Deemed-to-University, Shirpur-425405, MH, India
| | - Rahul Maheshwari
- School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS) Deemed-to-University, Green Industrial Park, TSIIC, Jadcherla-509301, Hyderabad, India.
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Tripathi D, B H MP, Sahoo J, Kumari J. Navigating the Solution to Drug Formulation Problems at Research and Development Stages by Amorphous Solid Dispersion Technology. RECENT ADVANCES IN DRUG DELIVERY AND FORMULATION 2024; 18:79-99. [PMID: 38062659 DOI: 10.2174/0126673878271641231201065151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
Amorphous Solid Dispersions (ASDs) have indeed revolutionized the pharmaceutical industry, particularly in drug solubility enhancement. The amorphous state of a drug, which is a highenergy metastable state, can lead to an increase in the apparent solubility of the drug. This is due to the absence of a long-range molecular order, which results in higher molecular mobility and free volume, and consequently, higher solubility. The success of ASD preparation depends on the selection of appropriate excipients, particularly polymers that play a crucial role in drug solubility and physical stability. However, ASDs face challenges due to their thermodynamic instability or tendency to recrystallize. Measuring the crystallinity of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and drug solubility is a complex process that requires a thorough understanding of drug-polymer miscibility and molecular interactions. Therefore, it is important to monitor drug solids closely during preparation, storage, and application. Techniques such as solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and dielectric spectroscopy have been successful in understanding the mechanism of drug crystallization. In addition, the continuous downstream processing of drug-loaded ASDs has introduced new automated methods for consistent ASD production. Advanced techniques such as hot melt extrusion, KinetiSol, electro spraying, and electrospinning have gained popularity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of Amorphous Solid Dispersions (ASDs) for oral drug delivery. It highlights the critical challenges faced during formulation, the impact of manufacturing variables, theoretical aspects of drug-polymer interaction, and factors related to drug-polymer miscibility. ASDs have been recognized as a promising strategy to improve the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. However, the successful development of an ASD-based drug product is not straightforward due to the complexity of the ASD systems. The formulation and process parameters can significantly influence the performance of the final product. Understanding the interactions between the drug and polymer in ASDs is crucial for predicting their stability and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devika Tripathi
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Uttar Pradesh, Kanpur, India
| | - Manjunatha Prabhu B H
- Department of Food Protection and Infestation Control, CSIR-CFTRI, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India
| | - Jagannath Sahoo
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, NIMMS, Mumbai, India
| | - Jyoti Kumari
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Uttar Pradesh, Kanpur, India
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Jiang J, Lu A, Ma X, Ouyang D, Williams RO. The applications of machine learning to predict the forming of chemically stable amorphous solid dispersions prepared by hot-melt extrusion. Int J Pharm X 2023; 5:100164. [PMID: 36798832 PMCID: PMC9925947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2023.100164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is one of the most important strategies to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble drugs. As a widely used technique to prepare ASDs, hot-melt extrusion (HME) provides various benefits, including a solvent-free process, continuous manufacturing, and efficient mixing compared to solvent-based methods, such as spray drying. Energy input, consisting of thermal and specific mechanical energy, should be carefully controlled during the HME process to prevent chemical degradation and residual crystallinity. However, a conventional ASD development process uses a trial-and-error approach, which is laborious and time-consuming. In this study, we have successfully built multiple machine learning (ML) models to predict the amorphization of crystalline drug formulations and the chemical stability of subsequent ASDs prepared by the HME process. We utilized 760 formulations containing 49 active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and multiple types of excipients. By evaluating the built ML models, we found that ECFP-LightGBM was the best model to predict amorphization with an accuracy of 92.8%. Furthermore, ECFP-XGBoost was the best in estimating chemical stability with an accuracy of 96.0%. In addition, the feature importance analyses based on SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) and information gain (IG) revealed that several processing parameters and material attributes (i.e., drug loading, polymer ratio, drug's Extended-connectivity fingerprints (ECFP) fingerprints, and polymer's properties) are critical for achieving accurate predictions for the selected models. Moreover, important API's substructures related to amorphization and chemical stability were determined, and the results are largely consistent with the literature. In conclusion, we established the ML models to predict formation of chemically stable ASDs and identify the critical attributes during HME processing. Importantly, the developed ML methodology has the potential to facilitate the product development of ASDs manufactured by HME with a much reduced human workload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhuang Jiang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Anqi Lu
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Xiangyu Ma
- Global Investment Research, Goldman Sachs, NY 10282, USA
| | - Defang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS), University of Macau, 999078, Macau
| | - Robert O. Williams
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Kapourani A, Manioudaki AE, Kontogiannopoulos KN, Barmpalexis P. Utilizing Drug Amorphous Solid Dispersions for the Preparation of Dronedarone per os Formulations. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4292. [PMID: 37959973 PMCID: PMC10649729 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dronedarone (DRN), an antiarrhythmic drug, exhibits potent pharmacological effects in the management of cardiac arrhythmias. Despite its therapeutic potential, DRN faces formulation challenges due to its low aqueous solubility. Hence, the present study is dedicated to the examination of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) as a strategic approach for enhancing the solubility of DRN. Initially, the glass forming ability (GFA) of API was assessed alongside its thermal degradation profile, and it was revealed that DRN is a stable glass former (GFA III compound) that remains thermally stable up to approximately 200 °C. Subsequently, five commonly used ASD matrix/carriers, i.e., hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), povidone (PVP), copovidone (PVP/VA), Soluplus® (SOL), and Eudragit® E PO (EPO), were screened for the formation of a DRN-based ASD using film casting and solvent shift methods, along with miscibility evaluation measurements. SOL proved to be the most promising matrix/carrier among the others, and, hence, was used to prepare DRN ASDs via the melt-quench method. The physicochemical characterization of the prepared systems (via pXRD) revealed the complete amorphization of the API within the matrix/carrier, while the system was physically stable for at least three months after its preparation. In vitro release studies for the ASDs, conducted under non-sink conditions, revealed the sustained supersaturation of the drug for at least 8 h. Finally, the use of attenuated total reflectance (ATR) FTIR spectroscopy showed the formation of a strong molecular interaction between the drug molecules and SOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afroditi Kapourani
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (A.-E.M.); (K.N.K.)
| | - Alexandra-Eleftheria Manioudaki
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (A.-E.M.); (K.N.K.)
| | - Konstantinos N. Kontogiannopoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (A.-E.M.); (K.N.K.)
| | - Panagiotis Barmpalexis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (A.-E.M.); (K.N.K.)
- Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence-AUTH (NatPro-AUTH), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Moseson DE, Taylor LS. Crystallinity: A Complex Critical Quality Attribute of Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4802-4825. [PMID: 37699354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Does the performance of an amorphous solid dispersion rely on having 100% amorphous content? What specifications are appropriate for crystalline content within an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) drug product? In this Perspective, the origin and significance of crystallinity within amorphous solid dispersions will be considered. Crystallinity can be found within an ASD from one of two pathways: (1) incomplete amorphization, or (2) crystal creation (nucleation and crystal growth). While nucleation and crystal growth is the more commonly considered pathway, where crystals originate as a physical stability failure upon accelerated or prolonged storage, manufacturing-based origins of crystallinity are possible as well. Detecting trace levels of crystallinity is a significant analytical challenge, and orthogonal methods should be employed to develop a holistic assessment of sample properties. Probing the impact of crystallinity on release performance which may translate to meaningful clinical significance is inherently challenging, requiring optimization of dissolution test variables to address the complexity of ASD formulations, in terms of drug physicochemical properties (e.g., crystallization tendency), level of crystallinity, crystal reference material selection, and formulation characteristics. The complexity of risk presented by crystallinity to product performance will be illuminated through several case studies, highlighting that a one-size-fits-all approach cannot be used to set specification limits, as the risk of crystallinity can vary widely based on a multitude of factors. Risk assessment considerations surrounding drug physicochemical properties, formulation fundamentals, physical stability, dissolution, and crystal micromeritic properties will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana E Moseson
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Worldwide Research and Development Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Miyazaki T, Mizoguchi R, Ueda K, Shinozaki T, Kamoto M, Takeda Y, Sakuma S, Ito N, Momo M, Kawakami K. Crystallization of Amorphous Nifedipine Under Isothermal Conditions: Inter-laboratory Reproducibility and Investigation of the Factors Affecting Reproducibility. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2703-2716. [PMID: 37301322 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High inter-laboratory reproducibility is required for conducting collaborative experiments among several laboratories. The primary aim of our evaluation of the physical stability of amorphous drugs, conducted in co-operation with eight laboratories, was to establish a protocol for isothermal storage tests to obtain data of the same quality from all the participating laboratories. Sharing a protocol that contained the same level of detail as the experimental section of general papers was insufficient for high inter-laboratory reproducibility. We investigated the causes of variations in the data from the various laboratories and restricted the protocol step-by-step to achieve high inter-laboratory reproducibility. The various experimentalists had very different levels of awareness regarding how to control the temperature of a sample as the samples were transferred into and out of thermostatic chambers. Specific instructions on how to conduct this operation, such as regarding the time required for the transfer and thermal protection of the container during the transfer, helped to reduce variation. Improved inter-laboratory reproducibility revealed that the physical stabilities of amorphous drugs differed when samples were prepared in differently shaped aluminum pans designed for various differential scanning calorimeters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Miyazaki
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan.
| | - Ryo Mizoguchi
- CMC Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ueda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Taeko Shinozaki
- Research Group V, Analytical & Quality Evaluation Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-12-1 Shinomiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 254-0014, Japan
| | - Mie Kamoto
- Analytical Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Science & Technology Function Unit, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Takeda
- Core Technology Research Department, X-ray Research Laboratory, Rigaku Corp., 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sakuma
- Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 2-1-3 Kuise Terajima, Amagasaki, Hyogo 660-0813, Japan
| | - Naoya Ito
- Analytical Research & Development Laboratories, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., 3-1-98 Kasugade-naka, Konohana-ku, Osaka, 554-0022, Japan
| | - Michiko Momo
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 2-26-1 Muraokahigashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kohsaku Kawakami
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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Lalge R, Kumar NSK, Suryanarayanan R. Understanding the Effect of Nucleation in Amorphous Solid Dispersions through Time-Temperature Transformation. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4196-4209. [PMID: 37358932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In an earlier investigation, the critical cooling rate to prevent drug crystallization (CRcrit) during the preparation of nifedipine (NIF) amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) was determined through a time-temperature transformation (TTT) diagram (Lalge et al. Mol. Pharmaceutics 2023, 20 (3), 1806-1817). The current study aims to use the TTT diagram to determine the critical cooling rate to prevent drug nucleation (CRcrit N) during the preparation of ASDs. ASDs were prepared with each polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS). The dispersions were first stored under conditions promoting nucleation and then heated to the temperature that favors crystallization. The crystallization onset time (tC) was determined by differential scanning calorimetry and synchrotron X-ray diffractometry. TTT diagrams for nucleation were generated, which provided the critical nucleation temperature (50 °C) and the critical cooling rate to avoid nucleation (CRcrit N). The strength of the drug-polymer interactions as well as the polymer concentration affected the CRcrit N, with PVP having a stronger interaction than HPMCAS. The CRcrit of amorphous NIF was ∼17.5 °C/min. The addition of a 20% w/w polymer resulted in CRcrit of ∼0.05 and 0.2 °C/min and CRcrit N of ∼4.1 and 8.1 °C/min for the dispersions prepared with PVP and HPMCAS, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Lalge
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 9-177 WDH, 308 Harvard Street S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - N S Krishna Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 9-177 WDH, 308 Harvard Street S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Raj Suryanarayanan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 9-177 WDH, 308 Harvard Street S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Jia W, Yawman PD, Pandya KM, Sluga K, Ng T, Kou D, Nagapudi K, Luner PE, Zhu A, Zhang S, Hou HH. Assessing the Interrelationship of Microstructure, Properties, Drug Release Performance, and Preparation Process for Amorphous Solid Dispersions Via Noninvasive Imaging Analytics and Material Characterization. Pharm Res 2022; 39:3137-3154. [PMID: 35661085 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03308-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this work is to evaluate the interrelationship of microstructure, properties, and dissolution performance for amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) prepared using different methods. METHODS ASD of GDC-0810 (50% w/w) with HPMC-AS was prepared using methods of spray drying and co-precipitation via resonant acoustic mixing. Microstructure, particulate and bulk powder properties, and dissolution performance were characterized for GDC-0810 ASDs. In addition to application of typical physical characterization tools, we have applied X-Ray Microscopy (XRM) to assess the contribution of microstructure to the characteristics of ASDs and obtain additional quantification and understanding of the drug product intermediates and tablets. RESULTS Both methods of spray drying and co-precipitation produced single-phase ASDs. Distinct differences in microstructure, particle size distribution, specific surface area, bulk and tapped density, were observed between GDC-0810 spray dried dispersion (SDD) and co-precipitated amorphous dispersion (cPAD) materials. The cPAD powders prepared by the resonant acoustic mixing process demonstrated superior compactibility compared to the SDD, while the compressibility of the ASDs were comparable. Both SDD powder and tablets showed higher in vitro dissolution than those of cPAD powders. XRM calculated total solid external surface area (SA) normalized by calculated total solid volume (SV) shows a strong correlation with micro dissolution data. CONCLUSION Strong interrelationship of microstructure, physical properties, and dissolution performance was observed for GDC-0810 ASDs. XRM image-based analysis is a powerful tool to assess the contribution of microstructure to the characteristics of ASDs and provide mechanistic understanding of the interrelationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jia
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Phillip D Yawman
- DigiM Solution LLC, 67 South Bedford Street, Suite 400 West, Burlington, Massachusetts, 01803, USA
| | - Keyur M Pandya
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Kellie Sluga
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Tania Ng
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Dawen Kou
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Karthik Nagapudi
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Paul E Luner
- DigiM Solution LLC, 67 South Bedford Street, Suite 400 West, Burlington, Massachusetts, 01803, USA.,Triform Sciences LLC, Waterford, Connecticut, 06385, USA
| | - Aiden Zhu
- DigiM Solution LLC, 67 South Bedford Street, Suite 400 West, Burlington, Massachusetts, 01803, USA
| | - Shawn Zhang
- DigiM Solution LLC, 67 South Bedford Street, Suite 400 West, Burlington, Massachusetts, 01803, USA
| | - Hao Helen Hou
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA.
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Kapourani A, Chachlioutaki K, Andriotis EG, Fatouros DG, Barmpalexis P. Evaluating PAA/PVA thermal crosslinking process during the preparation of in-situ high-drug loading amorphous solid dispersions. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Moseson DE, Benson EG, Nguyen HT, Wang F, Wang M, Zheng K, Narwankar PK, Taylor LS. Atomic Layer Coating to Inhibit Surface Crystallization of Amorphous Pharmaceutical Powders. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:40698-40710. [PMID: 36054111 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Preventing crystallization is a primary concern when developing amorphous drug formulations. Recently, atomic layer coatings (ALCs) of aluminum oxide demonstrated crystallization inhibition of high drug loading amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) for over 2 years. The goal of the current study was to probe the breadth and mechanisms of this exciting finding through multiple drug/polymer model systems, as well as particle and coating attributes. The model ASD systems selected provide for a range of hygroscopicity and chemical functional groups, which may contribute to the crystallization inhibition effect of the ALC coatings. Atomic layer coating was performed to apply a 5-25 nm layer of aluminum oxide or zinc oxide onto ASD particles, which imparted enhanced micromeritic properties, namely, reduced agglomeration and improved powder flowability. ASD particles were stored at 40 °C and a selected relative humidity level between 31 and 75%. Crystallization was monitored by X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) up to 48 weeks. Crystallization was observable by SEM within 1-2 weeks for all uncoated samples. After ALC, crystallization was effectively delayed or completely inhibited in some systems up to 48 weeks. The delay achieved was demonstrated regardless of polymer hygroscopicity, presence or absence of hydroxyl functional groups in drugs and/or polymers, particle size, or coating properties. The crystallization inhibition effect is attributed primarily to decreased surface molecular mobility. ALC has the potential to be a scalable strategy to enhance the physical stability of ASD systems to enable high drug loading and enhanced robustness to temperature or relative humidity excursions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana E Moseson
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Emily G Benson
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hanh Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Fei Wang
- Applied Materials, Inc., 3100 Bowers Avenue, Santa Clara, California 95054, United States
| | - Miaojun Wang
- Applied Materials, Inc., 3100 Bowers Avenue, Santa Clara, California 95054, United States
| | - Kai Zheng
- Applied Materials, Inc., 3100 Bowers Avenue, Santa Clara, California 95054, United States
| | - Pravin K Narwankar
- Applied Materials, Inc., 3100 Bowers Avenue, Santa Clara, California 95054, United States
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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12
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Comparative Study of Methods for the Pharmaceutical Preparation and Effectiveness of Darunavir Ethanolate Compositions with Mesoporous Carriers and Polymer Solid Dispersions. J Pharm Innov 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-022-09667-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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13
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Bolourchian N, Shafiee Panah M. The Effect of Surfactant Type and Concentration on Physicochemical Properties of Carvedilol Solid Dispersions Prepared by Wet Milling Method. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH 2022; 21:e126913. [PMID: 36060905 PMCID: PMC9420227 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-126913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The present study mainly aimed to prepare solid dispersions (SDs) of a poorly water-soluble compound, carvedilol (CA), in the presence of pluronic F68 (F68) and myrj 52 by wet milling technique in order to enhance drug dissolution. The process enabled the preparation of SDs without using any toxic organic solvents. SDs with different CA: surfactant ratios were prepared by wet milling followed by freeze-drying method and evaluated for their particle size and dissolution. They were also characterized based on/using X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and saturated solubility. The effect of cryoprotectant type on the dissolution and particle size of SDs was also investigated. Wet milling process resulted in the reduced particle size depending on the type of surfactant. The significant drug dissolution and saturated solubility enhancement were recorded for milled SD formulations. In this regard, Myrj had a greater impact compared to F68. Dissolution efficiencies (DE30) obtained for the myrj-included SDs were up to 8.2-fold higher than that of untreated CA. The type of cryoprotectant was also found to affect the drug dissolution. According to the results, partial amorphization occurred in wet-milled samples, as confirmed by XRD and DSC analysis. It was concluded that using an appropriate surfactant along with wet-milling method may have been an effective approach for improving the dissolution rate of CA, a poorly soluble compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Bolourchian
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mina Shafiee Panah
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Review on Recent Advances in Drug Development by Using 3D Printing Technology. Pharm Chem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-022-02630-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Pajzderska A, Mielcarek J, Wąsicki J. The Physical Stability of Felodipine and Its Recrystallization from an Amorphous Solid Dispersion Studied by NMR Relaxometry. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:93. [PMID: 35314906 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02234-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry method was applied to investigate the physical stability of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and, for the first time, its recrystallization process in an amorphous solid dispersion system (ASD). The ASD of felodipine and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was prepared using the solvent evaporation method in a mass ratio of 50:50. In the first stage of the study (250 days), the sample was stored at 0% relative humidity (RH). The recovery of magnetization was described by one-exponential function. In the second stage (300 days in 75% relative humidity), the recrystallization process of felodipine was studied, showing in the sample three components of equilibrium magnetization related to (i) crystalline felodipine, (ii) water, and (iii) felodipine and PVP remaining in the ASD. The study shows that the 1H NMR relaxometry method is a very useful tool for analysing the composition of a three-phase system mixed at the molecular level and for the investigation of recrystallization process of API in amorphous solid dispersion system.
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16
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Interaction and Compatibility Studies in the Development of Olmesartan Medoxomil and Hydrochlorothiazide Formulations under a Real Manufacturing Process. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020424. [PMID: 35214156 PMCID: PMC8875139 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A drug–drug and drug–excipient interactions and compatibilities study was conducted for two fixed-dose combination (FDC) products containing olmesartan medoxomil (OLM)/hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) 20/12.5 mg and OLM/HCT 40/12.5 mg during their development including storage. The study consisted of the evaluation of samples retrieved during all stages of a real manufacturing process. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and contact angle techniques were applied to the samples to determine interactions and incompatibilities. Dissolution tests and long-term stability studies were conducted to evaluate dosage form performance. Results showed weak solid–state interactions able to obtain a eutectic mixture of OLM and HCT while microcrystalline cellulose (MC) impacted the thermal stability of both drugs. Reliable dissolution and long-term stability tests confirmed that the interactions observed were not considered incompatibilities because they were not influenced by the performance of the final products.
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17
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Alvarenga BRD, Moseson DE, Carneiro RL, Taylor LS. Impact of Polymer Type on Thermal Degradation of Amorphous Solid Dispersions Containing Ritonavir. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:332-344. [PMID: 34910485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
High-temperature exposure during hot melt extrusion processing of amorphous solid dispersions may result in thermal degradation of the drug. Polymer type may influence the extent of degradation, although the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, the model compound, ritonavir (Tm = 126 °C), undergoes thermal degradation upon high-temperature exposure. The extent of degradation of ritonavir in amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) formulated with poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), poly(vinylpyrrolidone) vinyl acetate copolymer (PVP/VA), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS), and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) following isothermal heating and hot melt extrusion was evaluated, and mechanisms related to molecular mobility and intermolecular interactions were assessed. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) studies were used to determine the degradation products and pathways and ultimately the drug-polymer compatibility. The dominant degradation product of ritonavir was the result of a dehydration reaction, which then catalyzed a series of hydrolysis reactions to generate additional degradation products, some newly reported. This reaction series led to accelerated degradation rates with protic polymers, HPMCAS and HPMC, while ASDs with aprotic polymers, PVP and PVP/VA, had reduced degradation rates. This work has implications for understanding mechanisms of thermal degradation and drug-polymer compatibility with respect to the thermal stability of amorphous solid dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedito Roberto de Alvarenga
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod Washington Luís km 235, ZIP 13560-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Dana E Moseson
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Renato Lajarim Carneiro
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod Washington Luís km 235, ZIP 13560-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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18
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OUP accepted manuscript. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:761-768. [DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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19
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Anane-Adjei AB, Jacobs E, Nash SC, Askin S, Soundararajan R, Kyobula M, Booth J, Campbell A. Amorphous Solid Dispersions: Utilization and Challenges in Preclinical Drug Development within AstraZeneca. Int J Pharm 2021; 614:121387. [PMID: 34933082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The poor aqueous solubility of many active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) dominates much of the early drug development portfolio and poses a major challenge in pharmaceutical development. Polymer-based amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) are becoming increasingly common and offer a promising formulation strategy to tackle the solubility and oral absorption issues of these APIs. This review discusses the design, manufacture, and utilisation of ASD formulations in preclinical drug development, with a key focus on the pre-formulation assessments and workflows employed at AstraZeneca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akosua B Anane-Adjei
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D AstraZeneca, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Esther Jacobs
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D AstraZeneca, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Samuel C Nash
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D AstraZeneca, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Sean Askin
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D AstraZeneca, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Ramesh Soundararajan
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D AstraZeneca, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Mary Kyobula
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D AstraZeneca, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Jonathan Booth
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca, Charter Way, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Andrew Campbell
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D AstraZeneca, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK.
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20
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Schönfeld BV, Westedt U, Wagner KG. Compression of amorphous solid dispersions prepared by hot-melt extrusion, spray drying and vacuum drum drying. Int J Pharm X 2021; 3:100102. [PMID: 34877525 PMCID: PMC8632852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2021.100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study explored vacuum drum drying (VDD) as an alternative technology for amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) manufacture compared to hot-melt extrusion (HME) and spray drying (SD) focusing on downstream processability (powder properties, compression behavior and tablet performance). Ritonavir (15% w/w) in a copovidone/sorbitan monolaurate matrix was used as ASD model system. The pure ASDs and respective tablet blends (TB) (addition of filler, glidant, lubricant) were investigated. Milled extrudate showed superior powder properties (e.g., flowability, bulk density) compared to VDD and SD, which could be compensated by the addition of 12.9% outer phase. Advantageously, the VDD intermediate was directly compressible, whereas the SD material was not, resulting in tablets with defects based on a high degree of elastic recovery. Compared to HME, the VDD material showed superior tabletability when formulated as TB, resulting in stronger compacts at even lower solid fraction values. Despite the differences in tablet processing, tablets showed similar tablet performance in terms of disintegration and dissolution independent of the ASD origin. In conclusion, VDD is a valid alternative to manufacture ASDs. VDD offered advantageous downstream processability compared to SD: less solvents and process steps required (no second drying), improved powder properties and suitable for direct compression. ASD technology has influence on particle morphology Compression behavior dominated by particle morphology Vacuum drum dried intermediate direct compressible into tablets Vacuum drum dried material shows better tabletability as milled extrudate ASD technology: no impact on tablet disintegration/dissolution
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Key Words
- API, active pharmaceutical ingredient
- ASD, amorphous solid dispersion
- Amorphous solid dispersion
- CP, compaction pressure
- Compression analysis
- D, tablet diameter
- Downstream processing
- FFC, flow function coefficient
- HME, hot-melt extrusion
- Hot-melt extrusion
- LOD, loss on drying
- P, breaking force
- PSD, particle size distribution
- PSmin, minimal punch separation
- RTV, ritonavir
- Ritonavir
- SD, spray drying
- SE, secondary electron
- SEM, scanning electron microscope
- SF, solid fraction
- SSA, specific surface area
- Spray drying
- TER, Total elastic recovery
- TS, tensile strength
- Tg, glass transition temperature
- V, volume
- VDD, vacuum drum drying
- Vacuum drum drying
- X-ray μCT, X-ray microcomputed tomography
- f1, difference factor
- f2, similarity factor
- n.d., not determined
- na, not applicable
- t, tablet thickness
- w, tablet wall height
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara V. Schönfeld
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstraße 50, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Westedt
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstraße 50, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Karl G. Wagner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Corresponding author.
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21
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Optimizing Solvent Selection and Processing Conditions to Generate High Bulk-Density, Co-Precipitated Amorphous Dispersions of Posaconazole. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122017. [PMID: 34959298 PMCID: PMC8705469 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-precipitation is an emerging method to generate amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs), notable for its ability to enable the production of ASDs containing pharmaceuticals with thermal instability and limited solubility. As is true for spray drying and other unit operations to generate amorphous materials, changes in processing conditions during co-precipitation, such as solvent selection, can have a significant impact on the molecular and bulk powder properties of co-precipitated amorphous dispersions (cPAD). Using posaconazole as a model API, this work investigates how solvent selection can be leveraged to mitigate crystallization and maximize bulk density for precipitated amorphous dispersions. A precipitation process is developed to generate high-bulk-density amorphous dispersions. Insights from this system provide a mechanistic rationale to control the solid-state and bulk powder properties of amorphous dispersions.
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22
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Kapourani A, Palamidi A, Kontogiannopoulos KN, Bikiaris ND, Barmpalexis P. Drug Amorphous Solid Dispersions Based on Poly(vinyl Alcohol): Evaluating the Effect of Poly(propylene Succinate) as Plasticizer. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172922. [PMID: 34502962 PMCID: PMC8434550 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although significant actions have been taken towards the utilization of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in the preparation of drug amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) using fusion-based techniques (such as melt-quench cooling and hot-melt extrusion), several drawbacks regarding its rather high melting temperature and its thermal degradation profile make the use of the polymer extremely challenging. This is especially important when the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) has a lower melting temperature (than PVA) or when it is thermally labile. In this vein, a previous study showed that newly synthesized polyester-based plasticizers may improve the processability and the thermal properties of PVA. However, the effects of such polyester-based plasticizers on the drug’s physicochemical and pharmaco-technical properties are yet unknown. Hence, the aim of the present study is to extend our previous findings and evaluate the use of poly(propylene succinate) (PPSu, i.e., the most promising plasticizer in regard to PVA) in the preparation of drug-loaded PVA-based ASDs. Dronedarone (DRN), a poorly water-soluble API, was selected as a model drug, and drug ASDs (using either neat PVA or PVA-PPSu) were prepared using the melt-mixing/quench cooling approach at low melting temperatures (i.e., 170 °C). DSC and pXRD analysis showed that a portion of the API remained crystalline in the ASDs prepared only with the use of neat PVA, while the samples having PPSu as a plasticizer were completely amorphous. Further evaluation with ATR-FTIR spectroscopy revealed the formation of significant intermolecular interactions between the API and the PVA-PPSu matrix, which could explain the system’s physical stability during storage. Finally, dissolution studies, conducted under nonsink conditions, revealed that the use of PVA-PPSu is able to maintain DRN’s sustained supersaturation for up to 8 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afroditi Kapourani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (A.P.); (K.N.K.)
| | - Artemis Palamidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (A.P.); (K.N.K.)
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos N. Kontogiannopoulos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (A.P.); (K.N.K.)
| | - Nikolaos D. Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Panagiotis Barmpalexis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (A.P.); (K.N.K.)
- Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence-AUTH (NatPro-AUTH), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence:
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23
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Alshahrouri B, Yang F, Schwing Q, Dürig T, Fassihi R. Hot-melt extrusion based sustained release ibrutinib delivery system: An inhibitor of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK). Int J Pharm 2021; 607:120981. [PMID: 34371149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ibrutinib (IB) is the first Bruton s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor classified as BCS class-II, with multiple polymorphic forms. Development of its amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is an effective approach to overcome drug's poor solubility and concerns regarding metastable polymorphic forms. In this work, Hot Melt Extrusion (HME) was used to develop robust ASD of ibrutinib and copovidone at different ratios. The ASDs were blended with a swellable crosslinked super-disintegrant and compressed into a sustained-release (SR) matrix. ASDs representing drug loadings of 20%, 40%, and 60% showed broad, amorphous "halos" and absence of an endotherm as revealed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and modulated differential scanning calorimetry (mDSC). Using dynamic oscillatory rheology, storage modulus, and viscosities versus temperature confirmed formation of a homogeneous dispersion with a manifestation of plasticizing effect of API. Micro-dissolution testing of ASDs in fasted state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF) demonstrated >70% drug release compared to the saturation solubility of crystalline IB. Results of USP dissolution testing of SR tablets exhibited a desirable sustained delivery up to six hours with >88% drug release versus 34% release from tablets containing crystalline ibrutinib. Co-existence of ASD within the hydrating matrix provided unhindered drug release and release duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayan Alshahrouri
- School of Pharmacy, Temple University, 3307 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Fengyuan Yang
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients, 500 Hercules Road, Wilmington, DE 19808, USA
| | - Quyen Schwing
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients, 500 Hercules Road, Wilmington, DE 19808, USA
| | - Thomas Dürig
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients, 500 Hercules Road, Wilmington, DE 19808, USA
| | - Reza Fassihi
- School of Pharmacy, Temple University, 3307 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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24
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Yen CW, Kuhn R, Hu C, Zhang W, Chiang PC, Chen JZ, Hau J, Estevez A, Nagapudi K, Leung DH. Impact of surfactant selection and incorporation on in situ nanoparticle formation from amorphous solid dispersions. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:120980. [PMID: 34371147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Spray dried amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) stand as one of the most effective formulation strategies to address issues of low aqueous solubility when developing new chemical entities.An emerging research topic focusing on the formation of amorphous nanoparticles or nanodroplets from ASD formulations has attracted attention recently. These ASD nanoparticlescan be highly beneficial and able to further increase oral bioavailability. The incorporation of surfactants in ASD formulations has been shown to facilitate the formation of these nanoparticles. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of surfactant-promoted nanoparticle formation becomes critical for the rational design of ASD formulations. This work demonstrated the importance of inclusion of the surfactant within the ASD composition for nanoparticle formation. In contrast, when a surfactant is added externally (e.g., by inclusion in the dosing vehicle), only a limited degree of nanoparticle formation was observed even at the optimized surfactant-to-drug ratios. A variety of different surfactants were also assessed for understanding their impact on ASD nanoparticle formation. The spray drying systems containing nonionic surfactants, Tween 80 and Vitamin E TPGS, produced higher amounts of in situ ASD nanoparticles when compared to an anionic surfactant, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). The ASD nanoparticles produced by the Genentech developmental compound, GDC-0334, were highly stable and retained their original particle size and amorphous feature for at least 18 h under biorelevant conditions. The high degree of nanoparticle formation from spray dried GDC-0334 containing Tween 80 combined with the superior physical stability of the nanoparticles also translated to enhanced in vivo performance in a rat pharmacokinetics study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wan Yen
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Robert Kuhn
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Chloe Hu
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Po-Chang Chiang
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jacob Z Chen
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jonathan Hau
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Alberto Estevez
- Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Karthik Nagapudi
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Dennis H Leung
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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25
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Valkama E, Haluska O, Lehto VP, Korhonen O, Pajula K. Production and stability of amorphous solid dispersions produced by a Freeze-drying method from DMSO. Int J Pharm 2021; 606:120902. [PMID: 34293468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Freeze drying is known to be able to produce an amorphous product, but this approach has been mostly used with water-based media. With APIs which are virtually water insoluble, a more appropriate freeze-drying medium would be an organic solvent. Little is known about this approach in terms of forming a stable freeze-dried amorphous product stabilized by small molecule excipient out of organic solvents. In the present study, freeze-drying of APIs from DMSO solutions was used to produce stable solid dispersions from binary mixtures of APIs containing at least one poorly water soluble or practically water-insoluble API. The developed freeze-drying method produced amorphous binary solid dispersions which remained amorphous for at least two days while the 13 best binary dispersions remained stable at room temperature for the entire study period of 127 days. Average residual DMSO levels in dried dispersions were 3.5% ± 1.6%. The developed method proved feasible in producing relatively stable amorphous solid dispersions from practically water insoluble drug compounds which could subsequently be used in further research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eetu Valkama
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ondřej Haluska
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vesa-Pekka Lehto
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ossi Korhonen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katja Pajula
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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26
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Thompson SA, Williams RO. Specific mechanical energy - An essential parameter in the processing of amorphous solid dispersions. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 173:374-393. [PMID: 33781785 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Specific mechanical energy (SME) is a frequently overlooked but essential parameter of hot-melt extrusion (HME). It can determine whether an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) can be successfully processed. A minimum combination of thermal input and SME is required to convert a crystalline active pharmaceutical product (API) into its amorphous form. A maximum combination is allowed before it or the carrier polymer chemically degrades. This has important implications on design space. SME input during HME provides information on the totality of the effect of various independent processing parameters such as screw speed, feed rate, and complex viscosity. If only these independent processing parameters are considered separately instead of SME, then important information would be lost regarding the interaction of these parameters and their ability to affect ASD formulation. A complete understanding of the HME process requires an analysis of SME. This paper provides a review of SME use in the pharmaceutical processing of ASDs, the importance of SME in terms of a variety of formulation qualities, and novel future uses of SME. Theoretical background is discussed, along with the relative importance of thermal and mechanical input on various nonsolvent ASD processing methods.
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S'ari M, Blade H, Cosgrove S, Drummond-Brydson R, Hondow N, Hughes LP, Brown A. Characterization of Amorphous Solid Dispersions and Identification of Low Levels of Crystallinity by Transmission Electron Microscopy. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:1905-1919. [PMID: 33797925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) are used to increase the solubility of oral medicines by kinetically stabilizing the more soluble amorphous phase of an active pharmaceutical ingredient with a suitable amorphous polymer. Low levels of a crystalline material in an ASD can negatively impact the desired dissolution properties of the drug. Characterization techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) are often used to detect and measure any crystallinity within ASDs. These techniques are unable to detect or quantify very low levels because they have limits of detection typically in the order of 1-5%. Herein, an ASD of felodipine (FEL) and polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymer (PVP/VA) prepared via a hot melt extrusion (HME) in a mass ratio of 30:70 was characterized using a range of techniques. No signs of residual crystallinity were found by pXRD, DSC, or FTIR. However, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) did identify two areas containing crystals at the edges of milled particles from a total of 55 examined. Both crystalline areas contained Cl Kα X-ray peaks when measured by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, confirming the presence of FEL (due to the presence of Cl atoms in FEL and not in PVP/VA). Further analysis was carried out by TEM using conical dark field (DF) imaging of a HME ASD of 50:50 FEL-PVP/VA to provide insights into the recrystallization process that occurs at the edges of particles during accelerated ageing conditions in an atmosphere of 75% relative humidity. Multiple metastable polymorphs of recrystallized FEL could be identified by selected area electron diffraction (SAED), predominately form II and the more stable form I. Conical DF imaging was also successful in spatially resolving and sizing crystals. This work highlights the potential for TEM-based techniques to improve the limit of detection of crystallinity in ASDs, while also providing insights into transformation pathways by identifying the location, size, and form of any crystallization that might occur on storage. This opens up the possibility of providing an enhanced understanding of a drug product's stability and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S'ari
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Helen Blade
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Stephen Cosgrove
- New Modalities and Parenterals Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Rik Drummond-Brydson
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Nicole Hondow
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Leslie P Hughes
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Andy Brown
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
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Butreddy A, Bandari S, Repka MA. Quality-by-design in hot melt extrusion based amorphous solid dispersions: An industrial perspective on product development. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 158:105655. [PMID: 33253883 PMCID: PMC7855693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An industrially feasible approach to overcome the solubility and bioavailability limitations of poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients is the development of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) using hot-melt extrusion (HME) technique. The application of Quality by Design (QbD) had a profound impact on the development of HME-based ASDs. The formulation and process optimization of ASDs manufactured via HME techniques require an understanding of critical quality attributes, critical material attributes, critical process parameters, risk assessment tools, and experimental designs. The knowledge gained from each of these QbD elements helps ensure the consistency of product quality. The selection and implementation of appropriate Design of Experiments (DoE) methodology to screen and optimize the formulation and process variables remain a major challenge. This review provides a comprehensive overview on QbD concepts in HME-based ASDs with an emphasis on DoE methodologies. Further, the information provided in this review can assist researchers in selecting a suitable design with optimal experimental conditions. Specifically, this review has focused on the prediction of drug-polymer miscibility, the elements and sequence of QbD, and various screening and optimization designs, to provide insights into the formulation and process variables that are encountered routinely in the production of HME-based ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Butreddy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Suresh Bandari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
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Özdoğan A, Akca G, Şenel S. Development and in vitro evaluation of gel formulation of atorvastatin solid dispersions. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Schönfeld B, Westedt U, Wagner KG. Vacuum drum drying - A novel solvent-evaporation based technology to manufacture amorphous solid dispersions in comparison to spray drying and hot melt extrusion. Int J Pharm 2021; 596:120233. [PMID: 33484914 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel solvent-evaporation based technology to manufacture amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) called vacuum drum drying (VDD) was assessed in comparison to the conventional technologies hot-melt extrusion (HME) and spray drying (SD). Ritonavir (15%w/w) embedded in copovidone/sorbitan monolaurate was used to investigate the impact on the ASD quality, material properties and in-vitro dissolution. All ASDs met the critical quality criteria: absence of drug substance related crystallinity, residual solvents below ICH limit (SD, VDD) and degradation products within specification limits. Clear differences in material properties such as particle morphology and size distribution, powder densities and flowability properties were observed. Overall, the milled extrudate showed superior material properties in terms of downstream processability. The VDD intermediate performed slightly better in terms of flowability and electrostatic behavior compared to the spray dried while showing comparably unfavorable densities. However, the dissolution data suggested no significant difference between the ASDs prepared by HME, SD, and VDD and thus, no change in bioavailability is expected. In conclusion, the VDD technology might be a viable alternative to manufacture ASDs - especially for thermosensitive and shear-sensitive compounds with potential to process formulations with high solid loads and viscosities while exhibiting higher throughputs at a lower footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Schönfeld
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany; AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse 50, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Westedt
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse 50, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany.
| | - Karl G Wagner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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Palamidi A, Kapourani A, Christodoulou E, Klonos PA, Kontogiannopoulos KN, Kyritsis A, Bikiaris DN, Barmpalexis P. Low Molecular Weight Oligomers of Poly(alkylene succinate) Polyesters as Plasticizers in Poly(vinyl alcohol) Based Pharmaceutical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13010146. [PMID: 33401411 PMCID: PMC7795009 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The plasticizing effect of three low molecular weight oligomers of aliphatic poly(alkylene succinate) polyesters, namely poly(butylene succinate) (PBSu), poly(ethylene succinate) (PESu), and poly(propylene succinate) (PPSu), on partially hydrolyzed poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) used in melt-based pharmaceutical applications, was evaluated for the first time. Initially, the three aliphatic polyesters were prepared by the melt polycondensation process and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), 1H NMR, intrinsic viscosity, and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Subsequently, their effect on the thermophysical and physicochemical properties of PVA was thoroughly evaluated. According to the obtained results, PVA was completely miscible with all three polyesters, while PESu induced PVA’s thermal degradation, with the phenomenon starting from ~220 °C, in contrast to PBSu and PPSu, where a thermal profile similar to PVA was observed. Furthermore, molecular interactions between PVA and the prepared poly(alkylene succinate) polyesters were revealed by DSC, ATR-FTIR, and molecular dynamics simulations. Finally, melt flow index (MFI) measurements showed that, in contrast to PBSu, the use of PESu or PPSu significantly improved PVA’s melt flow properties. Hence, according to findings of the present work, only the use of low molecular weight PPSu is suitable in order to reduce processing temperature of PVA and improve its melt flow properties (plasticizing ability) without affecting its thermal decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artemis Palamidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.P.); (A.K.); (K.N.K.)
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.C.); (D.N.B.)
| | - Afroditi Kapourani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.P.); (A.K.); (K.N.K.)
| | - Evi Christodoulou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.C.); (D.N.B.)
| | - Panagiotis A. Klonos
- Department of Physics, Zografou Campus, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece; (P.A.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Konstantinos N. Kontogiannopoulos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.P.); (A.K.); (K.N.K.)
| | - Apostolos Kyritsis
- Department of Physics, Zografou Campus, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece; (P.A.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.C.); (D.N.B.)
| | - Panagiotis Barmpalexis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.P.); (A.K.); (K.N.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310-997629
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Kapourani A, Valkanioti V, Kontogiannopoulos KN, Barmpalexis P. Determination of the physical state of a drug in amorphous solid dispersions using artificial neural networks and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS-X 2020; 2:100064. [PMID: 33354666 PMCID: PMC7744708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2020.100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) in the development of a new chemometric model that will be able to simultaneously distinguish and quantify the percentage of the crystalline and the neat amorphous drug located within the drug-rich amorphous zones formed in an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) system. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy was used, while Rivaroxaban (RIV, drug) and Soluplus® (SOL, matrix-carrier) were selected for the preparation of a suitable ASD model system. Adequate calibration and test sets were prepared by spiking different percentages of the crystalline and the amorphous drug in the ASDs (prepared by the melting - quench cooling approach), while a 24 full factorial experimental design was employed for the screening of ANN's structure and training parameters as well as spectra region selection and data preprocessing. Results showed increased prediction performance, measured based on the root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEp) for the test sample, for both the crystalline (RMSEp (crystal) = 0.86) and the amorphous (RMSEp (amorphous) = 2.14) drug. Comparison with traditional regression techniques, such as partial least square and principle component regressions, revealed the superiority of ANNs, indicating that in cases of high structural similarity between the investigated compounds (i.e., the crystalline and the amorphous forms of the same compound) the implementation of more powerful/sophisticated regression techniques, such as ANNs, is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afroditi Kapourani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Valkanioti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Konstantinos N Kontogiannopoulos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.,Ecoresources P.C., 15-17 Giannitson-Santaroza Str., Thessaloniki 54627, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Barmpalexis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
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Tan DK, Davis DA, Miller DA, Williams RO, Nokhodchi A. Innovations in Thermal Processing: Hot-Melt Extrusion and KinetiSol® Dispersing. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:312. [PMID: 33161479 PMCID: PMC7649167 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01854-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal processing has gained much interest in the pharmaceutical industry, particularly for the enhancement of solubility, bioavailability, and dissolution of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) with poor aqueous solubility. Formulation scientists have developed various techniques which may include physical and chemical modifications to achieve solubility enhancement. One of the most commonly used methods for solubility enhancement is through the use of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). Examples of commercialized ASDs include Kaletra®, Kalydeco®, and Onmel®. Various technologies produce ASDs; some of the approaches, such as spray-drying, solvent evaporation, and lyophilization, involve the use of solvents, whereas thermal approaches often do not require solvents. Processes that do not require solvents are usually preferred, as some solvents may induce toxicity due to residual solvents and are often considered to be damaging to the environment. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on recent innovations reported for using hot-melt extrusion and KinetiSol® Dispersing technologies to formulate poorly water-soluble APIs in amorphous solid dispersions. We will address development challenges for poorly water-soluble APIs and how these two processes meet these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deck Khong Tan
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Arundel Building, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Daniel A Davis
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Dave A Miller
- DisperSol Technologies, LLC, 111 W. Cooperative Way, Building 3, Suite 300, Georgetown, Texas, 78626, USA
| | - Robert O Williams
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA.
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Arundel Building, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, UK.
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Bohsen MS, Elvang PA, Reder-Hilz B, Lenz V, Rosenberg J, Brandl M. (Sub)micron particles forming in aqueous dispersions of amorphous solid dispersions of the poorly soluble drug ABT-199: A combined particle optical counting and field-flow fractionation study. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 154:105497. [PMID: 32736092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The dispersive behavior of three different amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) formulations of the poorly soluble ABT-199 (Venetoclax) were studied in aqueous and biomimetic media and spontaneously forming supramolecular associates and particles analysed. To this end, the aqueous dispersions were fractionated into a submicron (colloidal) and micrometer-sized particle-fraction by bench-top centrifugation. The submicron fraction was characterized by Asymmetric Flow Field-Flow Fractionation in conjunction with Multi-angle Laser Light Scattering (AF4-MALLS), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and zeta potential analysis. The micron particle fraction was characterized by Single Particle Optical Sensing (SPOS) and light microscopy. Furthermore, drug contents were monitored in terms of total dispersed drug and apparently dissolved drug in the submicron fraction. Despite the fact, that all three formulations showed decent dispersive behavior with almost the complete drug content rapidly dispersed, substantial differences were identified between two of the formulations and the third one: ABT-199/12 and ABT-199/20 showed pronounced precipitation of the drug in form of micrometer particles, a phenomenon described as glass liquid phase separation (GLPS) and only a marginal fraction of the drug was found in the submicron-fraction, i.e. associated with 3 to 4 different supramolecular assemblies (micelles), irrespective whether buffer or fasted state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF) were used as dispersion media. In contrast, ABT-199/40 showed pronounced formation of a wide variety of supramolecular assemblies (micelles) along with substantial association of the drug with all of these, but reduced glass liquid phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Sloth Bohsen
- Drug Transport & Delivery, Dpt. Physics, Chemistry & Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense DK-5230, Denmark
| | - Philipp A Elvang
- Drug Transport & Delivery, Dpt. Physics, Chemistry & Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense DK-5230, Denmark
| | | | - Verena Lenz
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen D-67061, Germany
| | - Jörg Rosenberg
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen D-67061, Germany
| | - Martin Brandl
- Drug Transport & Delivery, Dpt. Physics, Chemistry & Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense DK-5230, Denmark.
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Qiang W, Löbmann K, McCoy CP, Andrews GP, Zhao M. Microwave-Induced In Situ Amorphization: A New Strategy for Tackling the Stability Issue of Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12070655. [PMID: 32664477 PMCID: PMC7408542 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The thermodynamically unstable nature of amorphous drugs has led to a persistent stability issue of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). Lately, microwave-induced in situ amorphization has been proposed as a promising solution to this problem, where the originally loaded crystalline drug is in situ amorphized within the final dosage form using a household microwave oven prior to oral administration. In addition to circumventing issues with physical stability, it can also simplify the problematic downstream processing of ASDs. In this review paper, we address the significance of exploring and developing this novel technology with an emphasis on systemically reviewing the currently available literature in this pharmaceutical arena and highlighting the underlying mechanisms involved in inducing in situ amorphization. Specifically, in order to achieve a high drug amorphicity, formulations should be composed of drugs with high solubility in polymers, as well as polymers with high hygroscopicity and good post-plasticized flexibility of chains. Furthermore, high microwave energy input is considered to be a desirable factor. Lastly, this review discusses challenges in the development of this technology including chemical stability, selection criteria for excipients and the dissolution performance of the microwave-induced ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qiang
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (W.Q.); (C.P.M.); (G.P.A.)
| | - Korbinian Löbmann
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Colin P. McCoy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (W.Q.); (C.P.M.); (G.P.A.)
| | - Gavin P. Andrews
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (W.Q.); (C.P.M.); (G.P.A.)
- China Medical University- Queen’s University Belfast Joint College (CQC), China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (W.Q.); (C.P.M.); (G.P.A.)
- China Medical University- Queen’s University Belfast Joint College (CQC), China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-028-9097-2798; +86-024-31939488
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Jermain SV, Lowinger MB, Ellenberger DJ, Miller DA, Su Y, Williams RO. In Vitro and In Vivo Behaviors of KinetiSol and Spray-Dried Amorphous Solid Dispersions of a Weakly Basic Drug and Ionic Polymer. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:2789-2808. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott V. Jermain
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, A1920, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael B. Lowinger
- Merck Research Laboratories (MRL), Merck & Co., Inc., 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Daniel J. Ellenberger
- DisperSol Technologies, LLC, 111 West Cooperative Way, Building 2, Suite 200, Georgetown, Texas 78626, United States
| | - Dave A. Miller
- DisperSol Technologies, LLC, 111 West Cooperative Way, Building 2, Suite 200, Georgetown, Texas 78626, United States
| | - Yongchao Su
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, A1920, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Merck Research Laboratories (MRL), Merck & Co., Inc., 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Robert O. Williams
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, A1920, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Tekade AR, Yadav JN. A Review on Solid Dispersion and Carriers Used Therein for Solubility Enhancement of Poorly Water Soluble Drugs. Adv Pharm Bull 2020; 10:359-369. [PMID: 32665894 PMCID: PMC7335980 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2020.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of hydrophilic and hydrophobic carriers in pharmaceutical excipients are available today which are used for formulation of solid dispersions. Depending on nature of carriers the immediate release solid dispersions and/or controlled release solid dispersions can be formulated. Initially crystalline carriers were used which are transformed into amorphous solid dispersions with enhanced properties. The carriers used previously were mostly synthetic one. Recent trend towards the use of natural carriers have replaced the use of synthetic carriers. This review is the overview of various synthetic, natural, semisynthetic, modified natural hydrophilic carriers used for formulation of solid dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Ramrao Tekade
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Marathwada Mitra Mandal's College of Pharmacy, Thergaon, Pune, Maharashtra- 411033, India
| | - Jyoti Narayan Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Marathwada Mitra Mandal's College of Pharmacy, Thergaon, Pune, Maharashtra- 411033, India
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Formulation technologies and advances for oral delivery of novel nitroimidazoles and antimicrobial peptides. J Control Release 2020; 324:728-749. [PMID: 32380201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has become a global crisis, driving the exploration for novel antibiotics and novel treatment approaches. Among these research efforts two classes of antibiotics, bicyclic nitroimidazoles and antimicrobial peptides, have recently shown promise as novel antimicrobial agents with the possibility to treat multi-drug resistant infections. However, they suffer from the issue of poor oral bioavailability due to disparate factors: low solubility in the case of nitroimidazoles (BCS class II drugs), and low permeability in the case of peptides (BCS class III drugs). Moreover, antimicrobial peptides present another challenge as they are susceptible to chemical and enzymatic degradation, which can present an additional pharmacokinetic hurdle for their oral bioavailability. Formulation technologies offer a potential means for improving the oral bioavailability of poorly permeable and poorly soluble drugs, but there are still drawbacks and limitations associated with this approach. This review discusses in depth the challenges associated with oral delivery of nitroimidazoles and antimicrobial peptides and the formulation technologies that have been used to overcome these problems, including an assessment of the drawbacks and limitations associated with the technologies that have been applied. Furthermore, the potential for supercritical fluid technology to overcome the shortcomings associated with conventional drug formulation methods is reviewed.
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Katopodis K, Kapourani A, Vardaka E, Karagianni A, Chorianopoulou C, Kontogiannopoulos KN, Bikiaris DN, Kachrimanis K, Barmpalexis P. Partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol for fusion-based pharmaceutical formulation processes: Evaluation of suitable plasticizers. Int J Pharm 2020; 578:119121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Kapourani A, Vardaka E, Katopodis K, Kachrimanis K, Barmpalexis P. Crystallization tendency of APIs possessing different thermal and glass related properties in amorphous solid dispersions. Int J Pharm 2020; 579:119149. [PMID: 32070762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The correlation between glass forming ability (GFA) and several thermophysical or physicochemical properties of APIs with the formation and the physical stability of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) was evaluated in the present study. Eight poorly water-soluble APIs belonging in different GFA classes (i.e. a) GFA Class I: Carbamazepine, CBZ, b) GFA Class II: Agomelatine, AGO, Aprepitant, APT, Rivaroxaban, RIV, and c) GFA Class III: Indomethacin, IND, Pioglitazone, PIO, Piroxixam, PIR, and Simvastatin, SIM) were tested, in addition to six commonly used matrix-carriers (namely povidone, PVP, hydroxypropyl cellulose, HPC-SL, copovidone, coPVP, Soluplus®, SOL, and gelatin) in order to prepared ASDs via film casting approach. Results using polarized light microscopy (PLM) showed a similar drug crystallization tendency from ASDs independently of their GFA classification, glass stability or glass fragility. X-ray diffraction analysis verified the formation and the physical stability of ASD (independently of GFA class) when a suitable matrix-carrier was selected (i.e. SOL for AGO, RIV and SIM, PVP for APT, CBZ and IND, coPVP for PIO and gelatin for PIR). Further attempts to correlate some physicochemical properties (i.e. component's binding affinity and miscibility) with the formation and the crystallization tendency of the prepared ASDs showed no apparent correlation in regards to the different drug GFA classes. Finally, the evaluation of molecular interactions via FTIR analysis also failed to adequately distinguish the differences in regards to the formation and the physical stability of the prepared systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afroditi Kapourani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Elisavet Vardaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Katopodis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Kachrimanis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Barmpalexis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
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Simões MF, Pereira A, Cardoso S, Cadonau S, Werner K, Pinto RMA, Simões S. Five-Stage Approach for a Systematic Screening and Development of Etravirine Amorphous Solid Dispersions by Hot-Melt Extrusion. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:554-568. [PMID: 31774685 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a fast, effective, and material sparing screening method to design amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of etravirine to drive more effectively the development process, leading to improved bioavailability (BA) and stability. A systematic step-by-step approach was followed by combining theoretical calculations with high-throughput screening (HTS) and software-assisted multivariate statistical analysis. The thermodynamic miscibility and interaction of the drug in several polymers were predicted using Hansen solubility parameters (δ). The selected polymers were evaluated by HTS, using solvent evaporation. Binary compositions were evaluated by their solubilization capacity and physical stability over 2 months. JMP 14.0 was used for multivariate statistical analysis using principal components analysis. Extrusion was performed in Thermo Scientific HAAKE MiniLab II, and extrudates were characterized by assay, related substances, dissolution, and physical state (polarized light microscopy (PLM), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD)). A short stability study was performed where milled extrudates were exposed to 25 °C/60%RH and 40 °C/75%RH for 3 months. Through thermodynamic predictions, five main polymers were selected. The HTS enabled the evaluation of 42 formulations for solubilization capacity and physical stability. The three most promising compositions were selected for hot-melt extrusion (HME) tests. In general, a good correlation was found among the results of theoretical predictions, HTS, and HME. Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP)-based formulations were shown to be easily extrudable, with low degradation and complete amorphicity, whereas in Soluplus, the drug was not miscible, leading to a high crystalline content. The drug release rate was improved more than two times with PVP, and the manufactured ASD was demonstrated to be stable physically and chemically. A fast and effective screening technique to develop stable ASDs for a poorly soluble drug was successfully developed as applied to etravirine. The given method is easy to use, requires a low amount of drug, and is fairly accurate in predicting the amorphization of the drug when formulated. The success of HME formulation development of etravirine was undoubtedly enhanced with this high-throughput tool, which led to the identification of extrudates with improved biopharmaceutical properties. The structural characterization performed by PLM, XRPD, and Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that the HME prototype was essentially amorphous. The unexpected stability at 40 °C/75%RH was correlated with the presence of molecular interaction characterized by Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta F Simões
- Bluepharma - Indústria Farmacêutica , São Martinho do Bispo , 3045-016 Coimbra , Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Coimbra , Azinhaga de Santa Comba , 3000-548 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Alexandra Pereira
- Bluepharma - Indústria Farmacêutica , São Martinho do Bispo , 3045-016 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Sara Cardoso
- Bluepharma - Indústria Farmacêutica , São Martinho do Bispo , 3045-016 Coimbra , Portugal
| | | | - Karl Werner
- Midas Pharma GmbH , Rheinstrasse 49 , 55218 Ingelheim , Germany
| | - Rui M A Pinto
- Bluepharma - Indústria Farmacêutica , São Martinho do Bispo , 3045-016 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Sérgio Simões
- Bluepharma - Indústria Farmacêutica , São Martinho do Bispo , 3045-016 Coimbra , Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Coimbra , Azinhaga de Santa Comba , 3000-548 Coimbra , Portugal
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Shi X, Fan N, Zhang G, Sun J, He Z, Li J. Quercetin amorphous solid dispersions prepared by hot melt extrusion with enhanced solubility and intestinal absorption. Pharm Dev Technol 2020; 25:472-481. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2019.1709502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianbao Shi
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Na Fan
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Effects of Surfactants on Itraconazole-Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Acetate Succinate Solid Dispersion Prepared by Hot Melt Extrusion. II: Rheological Analysis and Extrudability Testing. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:3063-3073. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Bertoni S, Albertini B, Ferraro L, Beggiato S, Dalpiaz A, Passerini N. Exploring the use of spray congealing to produce solid dispersions with enhanced indomethacin bioavailability: In vitro characterization and in vivo study. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 139:132-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Charalabidis A, Sfouni M, Bergström C, Macheras P. The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) and the Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS): Beyond guidelines. Int J Pharm 2019; 566:264-281. [PMID: 31108154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The recent impact of the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) and the Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) on relevant scientific advancements is discussed. The major advances associated with the BCS concern the extensive work on dissolution of poorly absorbed BCS class II drugs in nutritional liquids (e.g. milk, peanut oil) and biorelevant media for the accurate prediction of the rate and the extent of oral absorption. The use of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling as predictive tool for bioavailability is also presented. Since recent dissolution studies demonstrate that the two mechanisms (diffusion- and reaction-limited dissolution) take place simultaneously, the neglected reaction-limited dissolution models are discussed, regarding the biopharmaceutical classification of drugs. Solubility- and dissolution-enhancing formulation strategies based on the supersaturation principle to enhance the extent of drug absorption, along with the applications of the BDDCS to the understanding of disposition phenomena are reviewed. Finally, recent classification systems relevant either to the BCS or the BDDCS are presented. These include: i) a model independent approach based on %metabolism and the fulfilment (or not) of the current regulatory dissolution criteria, ii) the so called ΑΒΓ system, a continuous version of the BCS, and iii) the so-called Extended Clearance Classification System (ECCS). ECCS uses clearance concepts (physicochemical properties and membrane permeability) to classify compounds and differentiates from BDDCS by bypassing the measure of solubility (based on the assumption that since it inter-correlates with lipophilicity, it is not directly relevant to clearance mechanisms or elimination).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aggelos Charalabidis
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Sfouni
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Christel Bergström
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, BMC P.O. Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Panos Macheras
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; PharmaInformatics Unit, Research Center ATHENA, Athens, Greece; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, USA.
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Hou HH, Rajesh A, Pandya KM, Lubach JW, Muliadi A, Yost E, Jia W, Nagapudi K. Impact of Method of Preparation of Amorphous Solid Dispersions on Mechanical Properties: Comparison of Coprecipitation and Spray Drying. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:870-879. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Siepmann J, Faham A, Clas SD, Boyd BJ, Jannin V, Bernkop-Schnürch A, Zhao H, Lecommandoux S, Evans JC, Allen C, Merkel OM, Costabile G, Alexander MR, Wildman RD, Roberts CJ, Leroux JC. Lipids and polymers in pharmaceutical technology: Lifelong companions. Int J Pharm 2019; 558:128-142. [PMID: 30639218 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In pharmaceutical technology, lipids and polymers are considered pillar excipients for the fabrication of most dosage forms, irrespective of the administration route. They play various roles ranging from support vehicles to release rate modifiers, stabilizers, solubilizers, permeation enhancers and transfection agents. Focusing on selected applications, which were discussed at the Annual Scientific Meeting of the Gattefossé Foundation 2018, this manuscript recapitulates the fundamental roles of these two important classes of excipients, either employed alone or in combination, and provides insight on their functional properties in various types of drug formulations. Emphasis is placed on oral formulations for the administration of active pharmaceutical ingredients with low aqueous solubilities or poor permeation properties. Additionally, this review article covers the use of lipids and polymers in the design of colloidal injectable delivery systems, and as substrates in additive manufacturing technologies for the production of tailor-made dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Siepmann
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Amina Faham
- DuPont Health & Nutrition (formerly Dow Pharma Solutions), 8810 Horgen, Switzerland
| | | | - Ben J Boyd
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hang Zhao
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques LCPO, UMR 5629 CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux-INP, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Sébastien Lecommandoux
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques LCPO, UMR 5629 CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux-INP, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - James C Evans
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Christine Allen
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Olivia M Merkel
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriella Costabile
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Morgan R Alexander
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ricky D Wildman
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Clive J Roberts
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jean-Christophe Leroux
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Comparison of a Novel Miniaturized Screening Device with Büchi B290 Mini Spray-Dryer for the Development of Spray-Dried Solid Dispersions (SDSDs). Processes (Basel) 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/pr6080129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spray-drying is an increasingly popular technology for the production of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) in the pharmaceutical industry that is used in the early evaluation and industrial production of formulations. Efficient screening of ASD in the earliest phase of drug development is therefore critical. A novel miniaturized atomization equipment for screening spray-dried solid dispersions (SDSDs) in early formulation and process development was developed. An in-depth comparison between the equipment/process parameters and performance of our novel screening device and a laboratory Büchi B290 mini spray-dryer was performed. Equipment qualification was conducted by comparing the particle/powder attributes, i.e., miscibility/solid state, residual solvent, and morphological properties of binary SDSDs of itraconazole prepared at both screening and laboratory scales. The operating mode of the miniaturized device was able to reproduce similar process conditions/parameters (e.g., outlet temperature (Tout)) and to provide particles with similar drug–polymer miscibility and morphology as laboratory-scale SDSDs. These findings confirm that the design and operation of this novel screening equipment mimic the microscale evaporation mechanism of a larger spray-dryer. The miniaturized spray-dryer was therefore able to provide a rational prediction of adequate polymer and drug loading (DL) for SDSD development while reducing active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) consumption by a factor of 120 and cycle time by a factor of 4.
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Ellenberger DJ, Miller DA, Kucera SU, Williams RO. Improved Vemurafenib Dissolution and Pharmacokinetics as an Amorphous Solid Dispersion Produced by KinetiSol® Processing. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018. [PMID: 29541940 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-0988-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vemurafenib is a poorly soluble, low permeability drug that has a demonstrated need for a solubility-enhanced formulation. However, conventional approaches for amorphous solid dispersion production are challenging due to the physiochemical properties of the compound. A suitable and novel method for creating an amorphous solid dispersion, known as solvent-controlled coprecipitation, was developed to make a material known as microprecipitated bulk powder (MBP). However, this approach has limitations in its processing and formulation space. In this study, it was hypothesized that vemurafenib can be processed by KinetiSol into the same amorphous formulation as MBP. The KinetiSol process utilizes high shear to rapidly process amorphous solid dispersions containing vemurafenib. Analysis of the material demonstrated that KinetiSol produced amorphous, single-phase material with acceptable chemical purity and stability. Values obtained were congruent to analysis conducted on the comparator material. However, the materials differed in particle morphology as the KinetiSol material was dense, smooth, and uniform while the MBP comparator was porous in structure and exhibited high surface area. The particles produced by KinetiSol had improved in-vitro dissolution and pharmacokinetic performance for vemurafenib compared to MBP due to slower drug nucleation and recrystallization which resulted in superior supersaturation maintenance during drug release. In the in-vivo rat pharmacokinetic study, both amorphous solid dispersions produced by KinetiSol exhibited mean AUC values at least two-fold that of MBP when dosed as a suspension. It was concluded that the KinetiSol process produced superior dosage forms containing vemurafenib with the potential for substantial reduction in patient pill burden.
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50
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Zhang W, Haser A, Hou HH, Nagapudi K. Evaluation of Accuracy of Amorphous Solubility Advantage Calculation by Comparison with Experimental Solubility Measurement in Buffer and Biorelevant Media. Mol Pharm 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Abbe Haser
- College of Pharmacy, University of Texas—Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Hao Helen Hou
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Karthik Nagapudi
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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