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Sukkriang N, Buranapin S. Effect of intermittent fasting 16:8 and 14:10 compared with control-group on weight reduction and metabolic outcomes in obesity with type 2 diabetes patients: A randomized controlled trial. J Diabetes Investig 2024; 15:1297-1305. [PMID: 38932663 PMCID: PMC11363092 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION To compare the percent weight change and metabolic outcomes among diabetic participants with obesity on intermittent fasting (IF) 16:8, IF 14:10, or normal controlled diets. MATERIALS AND METHODS A randomized controlled trial was conducted to randomize participants into three groups. Each group followed IF 16:8, IF 14:10, according to the protocol 3 days/week for 3 months or a control group. RESULTS A total of 99 participants completed the study. The percentage weight change from baseline was -4.02% (95% CI, -4.40 to -3.64) in IF 16:8, -3.15% (95% CI, -3.41 to -2.89) in IF 14:10, and -0.55% (95% CI, -1.05 to -0.05) in the control group. The percentage weight loss from baseline was significantly more in both IF groups (P < 0.001, both) when compared with the control group. Weight loss was significantly more in the IF 16:8 group than in that of the IF 14:10 group (P < 0.001). Metabolic outcomes (decrease in FBS and HbA1C, and improvement in lipid profiles) were significantly improved from baseline in both IF groups in comparison with the control group. CONCLUSIONS Either IF 16:8 or 14:10 had a benefit in the percentage weight change, glucose and lipid profiles in obese diabetic patients compared with the control group when consumed for 3 days a week for 3 months.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Supawan Buranapin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of MedicineChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
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2
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Chen L, Hou Y, Sun Y, Peng D. Association of obesity indicators with cognitive function among US adults aged 60 years and older: Results from NHANES. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e70006. [PMID: 39262162 PMCID: PMC11391027 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.70006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Midlife obesity is a significant risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, but the effects of obesity on cognitive function, either detrimental or beneficial, are controversial among older individuals. This study aims to assess this associations of body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference (WC) with cognitive function among United States older individuals. METHODS A cross-sectional research study was conducted utilizing data from the 2011 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Initially, the study compared differences in cognitive function among the normal weight, overweight, and obese groups. Subsequently, we examined the relationships between BMI or WC and cognitive function using multivariate linear regression. Finally, structural equation models were constructed to assess the relationships among body shape, lifestyle, and cognitive function pathways. RESULTS The study included 2254 individuals. Obese subjects had lower scores in the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) word list learning tasks (CERAD-WL) (χ2 = 7.804, p = .020) and digit symbol substitution test (χ2 = 8.869, p = .012). The regression analysis showed that WC was negatively connected with the CERAD-WL score after adjusting for confounding factors (β = -.029, p = .045). Moreover, WC had a mediating effect on the path from lifestyle to cognition (CERAD-WL). However, there was no difference in the CERAD delayed recall score and the animal fluency test between the obese and the other groups. CONCLUSIONS Obese older adults exhibited impaired cognitive abilities in terms of learning and working memory performance. The impact of lifestyle on cognition was mediated by obesity-related anthropometric indices. Sleep, physical activity, and diet influenced the degree of obesity, which subsequently determined cognitive function. Prioritizing weight management in elderly people is crucial for safeguarding cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leian Chen
- China‐Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Department of NeurologyChina‐Japan Friendship HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Ying Hou
- Department of NeurologyChina‐Japan Friendship HospitalBeijingChina
- Peking University China‐Japan Friendship School of Clinical MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of NeurologyChina‐Japan Friendship HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Dantao Peng
- China‐Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Department of NeurologyChina‐Japan Friendship HospitalBeijingChina
- Peking University China‐Japan Friendship School of Clinical MedicineBeijingChina
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3
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Wardzinski EK, Richter J, Moenikes S, Duysen KU, Oltmanns KM. Nondietary psychological app program leads to sustained weight loss due to trained physiological satiety perception. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2024. [PMID: 39095995 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Obese people are mostly unable to maintain successful weight loss after the end of a dietary change. One reason is that conventional weight reduction concepts neglect physiological hunger and satiety perception, leading to a relapse to previous eating habits on the long run. We examined the long-term efficacy of a psychological smartphone weight loss program, which avoids any dietary instructions and aims at relearning of satiety perception. Parameters of body weight alterations and psychological features, for example, satiety perception, food cravings, and emotional eating, were explored in a nonrandomized experimental study comprising 75 obese participants. Measurements occurred at baseline, two times during program application, as well as at 6- and 12-month follow-up. Participants displayed significant weight loss during the entire study period (p = .029) and showed an improved body composition at the 6-month follow-up (p = .018). These effects were associated with increased satiety perception, as well as reduced food cravings, and emotional eating habits. Notably, all improvements in measured parameters significantly sustained between the end of the program and the 12-month follow-up (p < .005 for all). Psychological relearning of satiety perception may outclass dietary approaches in terms of long-term efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina K Wardzinski
- Section of Psychoneurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Juliane Richter
- Section of Psychoneurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Sophia Moenikes
- Section of Psychoneurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Kai U Duysen
- Section of Psychoneurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Kerstin M Oltmanns
- Section of Psychoneurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
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Collazo-Castiñeira P, Sánchez-Izquierdo M, Reiter LJ, Bauer S, Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Schoufour JD, Weijs PJM, Eglseer D. Analysis of behavioral change techniques used in exercise and nutritional interventions targeting adults around retirement age with sarcopenic obesity in a systematic review. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 123:105437. [PMID: 38653002 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenic obesity significantly burdens health and autonomy. Strategies to intervene in or prevent sarcopenic obesity generally focus on losing body fat and building or maintaining muscle mass and function. For a lifestyle intervention, it is important to consider psychological aspects such as behavioral change techniques (BCTs) to elicit a long-lasting behavioral change. PURPOSE The study was carried out to analyze BCTs used in exercise and nutritional interventions targeting community-dwelling adults around retirement age with sarcopenic obesity. METHODS We conducted an analysis of articles cited in an existing systematic review on the effectiveness of exercise and nutritional interventions on physiological outcomes in community-dwelling adults around retirement age with sarcopenic obesity. We identified BCTs used in these studies by applying a standardized taxonomy. RESULTS Only nine BCTs were identified. Most BCTs were not used intentionally (82 %), and those used derived from the implementation of lifestyle components, such as exercise classes ("instructions on how to perform a behavior," "demonstration of the behavior," "behavioral practice/rehearsal," and "body changes"). Only two studies used BCTs intentionally to reinforce adherence in their interventions. CONCLUSIONS Few studies integrated BCTs in lifestyle interventions for community-dwelling persons around retirement age with sarcopenic obesity. Future studies on interventions to counteract sarcopenic obesity should include well-established BCTs to foster adherence and, therefore, their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Collazo-Castiñeira
- Geriatric Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Ctra. de Colmenar Viejo, km. 9,100, 28034 Madrid, Spain; Psychology Department, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, C. Universidad Comillas, 3-5 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Macarena Sánchez-Izquierdo
- Psychology Department, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, C. Universidad Comillas, 3-5 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lea Joanne Reiter
- Medical University of Graz, Institute of Nursing Science, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6 West, P/06, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Silvia Bauer
- Medical University of Graz, Institute of Nursing Science, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6 West, P/06, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Alfonso J Cruz-Jentoft
- Geriatric Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Ctra. de Colmenar Viejo, km. 9,100, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josje D Schoufour
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Centre of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Dr. Meurerhuis, Dokter Meurerlaan 8, 1067 SM, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J M Weijs
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Centre of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Dr. Meurerhuis, Dokter Meurerlaan 8, 1067 SM, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Doris Eglseer
- Medical University of Graz, Institute of Nursing Science, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6 West, P/06, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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Dutta D, Nagendra L, Joshi A, Krishnasamy S, Sharma M, Parajuli N. Adjuvant Role of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist-Based Therapies for Sustained Weight Loss in Post-bariatric Surgery Patients. Obes Surg 2024; 34:2261-2262. [PMID: 38616240 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Deep Dutta
- Department of Endocrinology, Center for Endocrinology Diabetes Arthritis & Rheumatism (CEDAR) Superspeciality Healthcare, Dwarka, New Delhi, India.
| | - Lakshmi Nagendra
- Department of Endocrinology, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Ameya Joshi
- Department of Endocrinology, Bhaktivedanta Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Meha Sharma
- Department of Rheumatology, CEDAR Superspeciality Healthcare, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - Naresh Parajuli
- Department of Medicine/Endocrinology, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Sepúlveda B, Marín A, Burrows R, Sepúlveda A, Chamorro R. It's About Timing: Contrasting the Metabolic Effects of Early vs. Late Time-Restricted Eating in Humans. Curr Nutr Rep 2024; 13:214-239. [PMID: 38625630 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00532-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Time-restricted eating (TRE), a form of intermittent fasting, restricts feeding time across the day, imposing a daily 'eating window'. The time of day when the eating window occurs could result in differential metabolic effects. Here, we describe recent intervention studies in humans assessing the metabolic consequences of an early- (i.e., eating window starting in the early morning) vs. late (i.e., eating window starting after midday)-TRE protocol. RECENT FINDINGS Well-controlled studies indicate that both TRE protocols effectively reduce body weight and improve altered glucose metabolism, lipid profile, inflammation, or blood pressure levels. An early-TRE (e-TRE) might have a further positive impact on improving blood glucose, insulin levels, and insulin resistance. However, the studies directly assessing the metabolic consequences of an early- vs. late-TRE have shown dissimilar findings, and more well-controlled clinical trials are needed on the metabolic benefits of these two types of TRE. Evidence suggests that an e-TRE might have enhanced metabolic results, particularly regarding glucose homeostasis. More long-term studies, including larger sample sizes, are needed to assess the metabolic, circadian, and adherence benefits, together with socio-cultural acceptance of both TRE approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardita Sepúlveda
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Marín
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raquel Burrows
- Food and Nutrition Unit, Luis Calvo Mackenna Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Sepúlveda
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Chamorro
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
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Giacone L, Siegrist M, Hartmann C. Food choices for weight loss: what dietary strategies would people use? Br J Nutr 2024; 131:1268-1280. [PMID: 38012836 PMCID: PMC10918523 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523002726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Previous observational research showed that one of the most common strategies used to lose weight is to avoid or restrict the consumption of specific food items. However, the question of how people behave and implement strategies in actual decision-making situations involving food choices for weight loss purposes remains inconclusive. This experimental study using a food buffet aimed to examine people's different dietary strategies and motives for selecting foods for an entire day for weight loss purposes compared with a normal-day (ND) food selection. A total of 111 participants (55 % women) had to choose foods for both a ND and a weight loss day (WLD) (within-study design). Kilocalories and nutrients were calculated based on the weights of the foods selected, and food choice motives were assessed using a questionnaire. The results showed that for weight loss purposes, the participants selected more vegetables (both sexes) and unsweetened beverages (only men) while reducing their choices of high-fat and high-energy products (both sexes). Participants' food choices in both conditions (ND and WLD) differed from the official nutrition recommendations. They chose less carbohydrates and fibres and more fat and sugar than recommended. Health, kilocalories and nutrient content (carbohydrates, sugar, fat and protein) were more important food choice motives for weight loss purposes than for a ND food selection, while taste became less important. In conclusion, the participants appeared to be well capable of implementing several appropriate dietary strategies. Further research is needed to explore strategies to help them maintain these dietary changes over the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Giacone
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Consumer Behavior, Universitaetstrasse 22, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Siegrist
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Consumer Behavior, Universitaetstrasse 22, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christina Hartmann
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Consumer Behavior, Universitaetstrasse 22, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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Hernandez J, Goico E, Palacios C. Associations between ultraprocessed and minimally processed snacks consumption and overweight/obesity among college students in South Florida. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38498605 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2325938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate the association between ultraprocessed and minimally processed snack consumption and overweight/obesity among college students. PARTICIPANTS College students. METHODS Cross-sectional study. Participants completed an online survey with questions on socio-demographics, beverages and snacks consumption, and weight status. ANCOVA and logistic regression was used; analyses were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, physical activity, and sleep duration. RESULTS A total of 435 students completed all questions in the survey. Most students were female (73.3%), Hispanics (61.1%), had a mean age of 24.7-year old and 40% had overweight/obesity. Those with overweight/obesity also had higher odds of consuming soft drinks in higher frequency and quantity than those without overweight/obesity (p < .05). Never consuming unsweetened yogurt/cheese and lower frequency and consumption of fruits were associated with higher odds of overweight/obesity (p < .05). CONCLUSION Higher frequency and consumption of soft drinks while lower frequency and consumption of unsweetened yogurt/cottage cheese and fruits were associated with overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Hernandez
- Dietetics and Nutrition Department, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Elizabeth Goico
- Dietetics and Nutrition Department, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Cristina Palacios
- Dietetics and Nutrition Department, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
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Casson C, Blatnik J, Majumder A, Holden S. Is weight trajectory a better marker of wound complication risk than BMI in hernia patients with obesity? Surg Endosc 2024; 38:1005-1012. [PMID: 38082008 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-023-10596-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex ventral hernias are frequently repaired via an open transversus abdominis release (TAR). Obesity, particularly a BMI > 40, is a strong predictor of wound morbidity following this procedure. We aimed to determine if preoperative weight loss may still be beneficial in patients with persistently elevated BMIs. METHODS A retrospective chart review of patients with obesity (BMI ≥ 30) who underwent open TAR at a tertiary academic medical center from January 2018 to December 2021 was completed. Demographics, medical history, operative details, and postoperative data were analyzed. Weight and BMI were recorded at three time points: > 6 months prior to initial surgical consultation, surgical consultation, and day of surgery. RESULTS In total, 182 patients with obesity underwent an open TAR. Twenty-seven patients (14.8%) underwent surgery with a BMI > 40; they did not have any significant differences in surgical site occurrences (SSO, 48.1% vs 32.9%, p = 0.13) or surgical site infections (SSI, 25.9% vs 23.2%, p = 0.76) compared to those with a BMI ≤ 40. The average timeframe analyzed for preoperative weight loss was 592 days. Patients who had at least a 3% weight loss (n = 49, 26.9%) had decreased rates of SSI compared to those who did not have this weight loss (12.2% vs 27.8%, p = 0.03), despite the groups having similar BMIs at the time of surgery (36.4 vs 36.0, p = 0.50). Patients who only had a 1% weight loss did not see a decrease in SSI rate compared to those who did not (20.6% vs 25.4%, p = 0.45). CONCLUSION Weight loss may be a better indicator of a patient's risk for wound morbidity following TAR than BMI alone, as weight loss of at least 3% resulted in fewer SSIs despite similar BMIs at time of surgery. Further research into optimal timing and amount of weight loss, as well as effects on long-term outcomes, is needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Casson
- Division of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8109, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Jeffrey Blatnik
- Division of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8109, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Arnab Majumder
- Division of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8109, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sara Holden
- Division of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8109, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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Barrea L, Verde L, Suárez R, Frias-Toral E, Vásquez CA, Colao A, Savastano S, Muscogiuri G. Sex-differences in Mediterranean diet: a key piece to explain sex-related cardiovascular risk in obesity? A cross-sectional study. J Transl Med 2024; 22:44. [PMID: 38200498 PMCID: PMC10782790 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04814-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mediterranean Diet (MD) has many health benefits, particularly in reducing cardiovascular risk (CVR). However, it is still little known if there are any sex differences in following this nutritional pattern and, thus, the potential sex-related repercussions on CVR in obesity. The study aimed to characterize sex-related adherence to MD and its association with CVR factors in subjects with obesity. METHODS A total of 968 females (33.81 ± 11.06 years; BMI 34.14 ± 7.43 kg/m2) and 680 males (aged 34.77 ± 11.31years; BMI 33.77 ± 8.13 kg/m2) were included in a cross-sectional observational study. Lifestyle habits, anthropometric parameters, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and adherence to MD were evaluated. RESULTS Females had significantly higher adherence to MD and lower hs-CRP levels than males (p < 0.001). Additionally, females consumed significantly more vegetables, fruits, legumes, fish/seafood, nuts, and sofrito sauce and less quantity of olive oil, butter, cream, margarine, red/processed meats, soda drinks (p = 0.001), red wine, and commercial sweets and confectionery than their counterparts. A PREDIMED score of ≤ 6 was associated with a significantly increased CVR in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS Females had higher adherence to MD, lower CVR, and different food preferences than males. Although the same PREDIMED threshold has been identified as a spy of CVR, the sex-related preference of individual foods included in the MD could explain the different impact of this nutritional pattern on CVR in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Barrea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, Via Porzio, Centro Direzionale, isola F2, 80143, Naples, Italy.
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Ludovica Verde
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Suárez
- School of Medicine, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Calle París, San Cayetano Alto, Loja, 110107, Ecuador
| | - Evelyn Frias-Toral
- School of Medicine, Universidad Católica Santiago de Guayaquil, Av. Pdte. Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola, Guayaquil, 090615, Ecuador
| | - Celina Andrade Vásquez
- School of Medicine, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Calle París, San Cayetano Alto, Loja, 110107, Ecuador
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla Salute e Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile", University Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla Salute e Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile", University Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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Nakamura Y, Okemoto M, Ikuta T. Food go/no-go training alters neural circuits for food evaluation for appetite reduction. Appetite 2024; 192:107099. [PMID: 37890532 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Food go/no-go training has been traditionally categorized as a type of inhibitory training that decreases the desire for high-calorie food consumption. This training requires participants to either respond or withhold their responses to presented items with go cues or food items with no-go cues, respectively. Recent findings have suggested that this training may devalue food items associated with no-go cues instead of facilitating inhibitory control, leading to reduced food consumption. We thus hypothesized that food go/no-go training would alter the brain response to food items with no-go cues in food evaluation regions. To examine this hypothesis, we conducted a repeated measures functional magnetic resonance imaging using food images in healthy participants, who underwent 3 weeks of food go/no-go training (n = 26) using high- and low-calorie food items paired with no-go cues (no-go food) and go cues (go food), respectively, and control training (n = 24). The food go/no-go training reduced the ratings for the desire to eat no-go foods and increased the ratings for go foods. The reduction in no-go food rating was positively associated with a decrease in daily snack intake. The neural responses in the food evaluation regions increased for go foods. Moreover, the functional connectivity of those regions was altered. The food go/no-go training did not decrease impulsivity traits or increase restrained eating, which are associated with inhibitory control. Overall, food go/no-go training influenced the brain regions associated with food evaluation, thus devaluating no-go foods and reducing the daily snack intake. Accordingly, food go/no-go training could promote healthier food choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Nakamura
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.
| | - Mizuki Okemoto
- The Natural Sciences II, College of Arts and Sciences of the Junior Division, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.
| | - Toshikazu Ikuta
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 37677, USA.
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12
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Andrade RGS, Masa JF, Borel JC, Drager LF, Genta PR, Mokhlesi B, Lorenzi-Filho G. Impact of treating obesity hypoventilation syndrome on body mass index. Pulmonology 2023:S2531-0437(23)00170-8. [PMID: 37996386 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To evaluate the impact of positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy on body mass index (BMI) in patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). METHODS A systematic review using the following terms: "obesity hypoventilation syndrome" AND "treatment" AND "randomized" using Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline and Web of Science was performed from the first data available until February 10, 2023. The inclusion criteria were: (1) original article; (2) adult OHS with concomitant OSA (apnea-hypopnea index or AHI ≥5 events/h); (3) randomized trial with PAP arm and standard care (control); (4) BMI evaluation at baseline and after the first months. We performed an individual participant data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. RESULTS Our initial search retrieved 32 articles and 3 randomized studies fulfilled study criteria and were included in the final analysis, leading to a total of 342 participants. Patients were predominantly females (62%) and had OHS associated with at least mild OSA. As compared to baseline, a decrease in BMI was observed at study endpoint but this difference was not different intergroups (-0.50 ± 1.49 and -0.50 ±1.83, in control and PAP groups respectively (p=0.939)). Weight change was not associate with PAP adherence, OSA severity or use of supplemental oxygen. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to treatment of eucapnic OSA with PAP that is associated with weight gain, treatment of OSA+OHS patients with or without PAP is associated with weight loss. Future studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanism by which weight loss occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G S Andrade
- Sleep Laboratory from pneumology department of Heart Institute of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J F Masa
- Respiratory Department, San Pedro de Alcántara Hospital, Cáceres, Spain; CIBER de enfermedades respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Spain
| | - J-C Borel
- HP2 Laboratory, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - L F Drager
- Sleep Laboratory from pneumology department of Heart Institute of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P R Genta
- Sleep Laboratory from pneumology department of Heart Institute of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - B Mokhlesi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - G Lorenzi-Filho
- Sleep Laboratory from pneumology department of Heart Institute of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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13
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Liu J, Li J. Publication trends in nutrition research for sarcopenic obesity: A 20-year bibliometric analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35758. [PMID: 37933069 PMCID: PMC10627651 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We used bibliometric methods to evaluate publications on the role of nutrition in sarcopenic obesity and analyzed the current situation and developmental trends over the past 2 decades. METHODS Publications from 2002 to 2022 related to the role of nutrition in sarcopenic obesity were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection database. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and the Bibliometrix R package were applied to build relevant network diagrams. RESULTS One thousand ninety-four articles from 64 countries were included. The annual number of publications in this field has shown an intense growth trend. The University of Alberta, Yonsei University, and Korea University are the major research institutions. Clinical Nutrition has published the most papers on the role of nutrition in sarcopenic obesity, and the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition is the most co-cited journal. A total of 5834 authors conducted the relevant studies. Yves Boirie has published the most papers in this field, and AJ Cruz-Jentoft is the most co-cited author. CONCLUSION This is the first bibliometric study of the role of nutrition in sarcopenic obesity. This study systematically summarizes the research hotspots and development directions in this field, and provides a reference for scholars studying the role of nutrition in sarcopenic obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiye Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huludao Central Hospital, Huludao, China
| | - Jiachun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Huludao Central Hospital, Huludao, China
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14
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Muscogiuri G, Verde L, Colao A. Body Mass Index (BMI): Still be used? Eur J Intern Med 2023; 117:50-51. [PMID: 37709557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy; Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy; Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla salute e allo sviluppo sostenibile", University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ludovica Verde
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy; Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy; Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy; Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla salute e allo sviluppo sostenibile", University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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15
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Tang Y, Wang YD, Wang YY, Liao ZZ, Xiao XH. Skeletal muscles and gut microbiota-derived metabolites: novel modulators of adipocyte thermogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1265175. [PMID: 37867516 PMCID: PMC10588486 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1265175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity occurs when overall energy intake surpasses energy expenditure. White adipose tissue is an energy storage site, whereas brown and beige adipose tissues catabolize stored energy to generate heat, which protects against obesity and obesity-associated metabolic disorders. Metabolites are substrates in metabolic reactions that act as signaling molecules, mediating communication between metabolic sites (i.e., adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and gut microbiota). Although the effects of metabolites from peripheral organs on adipose tissue have been extensively studied, their role in regulating adipocyte thermogenesis requires further investigation. Skeletal muscles and intestinal microorganisms are important metabolic sites in the body, and their metabolites play an important role in obesity. In this review, we consolidated the latest research on skeletal muscles and gut microbiota-derived metabolites that potentially promote adipocyte thermogenesis. Skeletal muscles can release lactate, kynurenic acid, inosine, and β-aminoisobutyric acid, whereas the gut secretes bile acids, butyrate, succinate, cinnabarinic acid, urolithin A, and asparagine. These metabolites function as signaling molecules by interacting with membrane receptors or controlling intracellular enzyme activity. The mechanisms underlying the reciprocal exchange of metabolites between the adipose tissue and other metabolic organs will be a focal point in future studies on obesity. Furthermore, understanding how metabolites regulate adipocyte thermogenesis will provide a basis for establishing new therapeutic targets for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-Di Wang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhe-Zhen Liao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xin-Hua Xiao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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16
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Wojtara M, Mazumder A, Syeda Y, Mozgała N. Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Chronic Weight Management. Adv Med 2023; 2023:9946924. [PMID: 37771634 PMCID: PMC10533252 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9946924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rates of obesity have risen over the past few decades. Subsequently, the popularity of the pharmaceutical weight-loss drug market has grown over the past few years to meet growing demand. Among the most commonly prescribed drugs for weight management, many are glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 agonists) which are also utilized for the management of type 2 diabetes. There is a substantial and growing body of research comparing the efficacy of different clinical trials and examining long-term safety. This literature review examines the rise of off-label prescribing practices in the management of weight, with a focus on GLP-1 agonists. Physicians and patients should be aware of the unique aspects of existing treatment options, the impacts of off-label prescribing, and the effects of these medications. This review emphasizes the importance of informed decision-making, as well as the need for further research to guide future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Wojtara
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Ashmita Mazumder
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yusra Syeda
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nikodem Mozgała
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
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17
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Abdul Wahab R, le Roux CW. A review of the evidence on cardiovascular outcomes from obesity treatment. OBESITY PILLARS (ONLINE) 2023; 7:100071. [PMID: 37990679 PMCID: PMC10661857 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2023.100071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Obesity is a chronic disease with a myriad of complications including cardiovascular disease. There is a growing interest to examine if obesity treatment is associated with cardiovascular outcomes. Methods In this narrative review, we focused on randomized controlled trials (RCT) with cardiovascular outcomes (CVO) from lifestyle intervention, bariatric surgery, glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues (GLP-1a) and other pharmacotherapy. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive look into the RCT of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and CVO in obesity, while also summarizing several ongoing randomized cardiovascular outcome controlled trials for the pharmacological treatment of obesity. Results To date, the results from the randomized controlled trials supported the association between obesity treatment and cardiovascular outcomes. Studies have large sample sizes, conducted over long duration, with the majority demonstrating superiority in primary cardiovascular outcome end points compared to placebo. Conclusion Future data from several ongoing anti-obesity medications cardiovascular outcome trials such as SELECT, SURPASS, SUMMIT and SURMOUNT-MMO hold promises. Further studies are warranted to investigate the long term cardiovascular outcomes following lifestyle intervention and bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshaida Abdul Wahab
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Carel W. le Roux
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Obesity Complications Clinic, St Vincent's Private Hospital, Merrion Road, D04 NE02, Ireland
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18
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Stensel DJ. How can physical activity facilitate a sustainable future? Reducing obesity and chronic disease. Proc Nutr Soc 2023; 82:286-297. [PMID: 36892103 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665123002203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
This review examines the ways in which physical activity can contribute to a sustainable future by addressing significant public health issues. The review begins by identifying obesity and ageing as two major challenges facing societies around the world due to the association of both with the risk of chronic disease. Recent developments in the understanding and treatment of obesity are examined followed by an appraisal of the role of exercise alone and in combination with other therapies in preventing and managing obesity. The review then addresses the interaction between exercise and appetite due to the central role appetite plays in the development of overweight and obesity. The final section of the review examines the potential of physical activity to combat age-related chronic disease risk including CVD, cancer and dementia. It is concluded that while bariatric surgery and pharmacotherapy are the most effective treatments for severe obesity, physical activity has a role to play facilitating and enhancing weight loss in combination with other methods. Where weight/fat reduction via exercise is less than expected this is likely due to metabolic adaptation induced by physiological changes facilitating increased energy intake and decreased energy expenditure. Physical activity has many health benefits independent of weight control including reducing the risk of developing CVD, cancer and dementia and enhancing cognitive function in older adults. Physical activity may also provide resilience for future generations by protecting against the more severe effects of global pandemics and reducing greenhouse gas emissions via active commuting.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Stensel
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR), Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, National Health Service (NHS) Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ma Liu Shui, Hong Kong
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19
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Kurnik Mesarič K, Pajek J, Logar Zakrajšek B, Bogataj Š, Kodrič J. Cognitive behavioral therapy for lifestyle changes in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12793. [PMID: 37550475 PMCID: PMC10406954 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40141-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the contribution of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to the implementation of lifestyle changes, considering health-related and behavioral outcomes. A systematic literature review was performed using multiple databases (PsycInfo, PubMed and MEDLINE). The inclusion criteria comprised randomised controlled trials of CBT for lifestyle changes in patients with obesity and/or type 2 diabetes. The quality of study reporting was assessed with the revised Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool. A meta-analysis was conducted on studies with appropriate outcomes. Nine randomised controlled trials, with a total sample size of 902 participants, met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis has shown a medium, significant effect size of CBT interventions for weight loss and weight maintenance, and a low, non-significant effect size of CBT interventions for reducing glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. A separate, combined, meta-analysis for all nine calculated effect sizes has yielded a medium and significant overall effect size for the model. Our review of the studies about the effectiveness of CBT in implementing lifestyle changes has, in comparison to usual control groups, proven the efficacy of CBT interventions in implementing lifestyle changes, especially for weight loss and weight maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kurnik Mesarič
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Jernej Pajek
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Špela Bogataj
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jana Kodrič
- Unit of Child Psychiatry, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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20
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Singh B, Olds T, Curtis R, Ferguson T, Matricciani L, Brown WJ, Dumuid D, Esterman A, Maher C. Association between the use of weight management strategies and weight change among Australian adults over 12 months: an observational study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1461. [PMID: 37525173 PMCID: PMC10391811 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16277-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a growing, global public health issue. This study aimed to describe the weight management strategies used by a sample of Australian adults; examine the socio-demographic characteristics of using each strategy; and examine whether use of each strategy was associated with 12-month weight change. METHODS This observational study involved a community-based sample of 375 healthy adults (mean age: 40.1 ± 5.8 years, 56.8% female). Participants wore a Fitbit activity monitor, weighed themselves daily, and completed eight online surveys on socio-demographic characteristics. Participants also recalled their use of weight management strategies over the past month, at 8 timepoints during the 12-month study period. RESULTS Most participants (81%) reported using at least one weight management strategy, with exercise/physical activity being the most common strategy at each timepoint (40-54%). Those who accepted their current bodyweight were less likely to use at least one weight management strategy (Odds ratio = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.22-0.64, p < 0.01) and those who reported being physically active for weight maintenance had a greater reduction in bodyweight, than those who did not (between group difference: -1.2 kg, p < 0.01). The use of supplements and fasting were associated with poorer mental health and quality of life outcomes (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The use of weight management strategies appears to be common. Being physically active was associated with greater weight loss. Individuals who accepted their current body weight were less likely to use weight management strategies. Fasting and the use of supplements were associated with poorer mental health. Promoting physical activity as a weight management strategy appears important, particularly considering its multiple health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Singh
- Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Timothy Olds
- Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rachel Curtis
- Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ty Ferguson
- Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lisa Matricciani
- Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Wendy J Brown
- University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dorothea Dumuid
- Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Adrian Esterman
- Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Carol Maher
- Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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21
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Mika K, Szafarz M, Bednarski M, Siwek A, Szczepańska K, Kieć-Kononowicz K, Kotańska M. Evaluation of Some Safety Parameters of Dual Histamine H 3 and Sigma-2 Receptor Ligands with Anti-Obesity Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087499. [PMID: 37108661 PMCID: PMC10138714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have shown the high efficacy of histamine H3 receptor ligands in preventing weight gain. In addition to evaluating the efficacy of future drug candidates, it is very important to assess their safety profile, which is established through numerous tests and preclinical studies. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the safety of histamine H3/sigma-2 receptor ligands by assessing their effects on locomotor activity and motor coordination, as well as on the cardiac function, blood pressure, and plasma activity of certain cellular enzymes. The ligands tested at a dose of 10 mg/kg b.w. did not cause changes in locomotor activity (except for KSK-74) and did not affect motor coordination. Significant reductions in blood pressure were observed after the administration of compounds KSK-63, KSK-73, and KSK-74, which seems logically related to the increased effect of histamine. Although the results of in vitro studies suggest that the tested ligands can block the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) potassium channels, they did not affect cardiac parameters in vivo. It should be noted that repeated administration of the tested compounds prevented an increase in the activity of alanine aminotransferase (AlaT) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidases (gGT) observed in the control animals fed a palatable diet. The obtained results show that the ligands selected for this research are not only effective in preventing weight gain but also demonstrate safety in relation to the evaluated parameters, allowing the compounds to proceed to the next stages of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Mika
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szafarz
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Marek Bednarski
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Agata Siwek
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szczepańska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kotańska
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
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22
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Abellaneda Millán M, Morillas-Ruiz JM, Ballester Sajardo R, Guillén Martínez D, Morales Moreno I, Hernández Morante JJ. Sonographic Markers Are Useful for Detection of Early Vascular Deterioration in Children with Overweight/Obesity: Effect of a 1-Year Combined Nutritional Education and Physical Exercise Program. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040894. [PMID: 36839251 PMCID: PMC9959129 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
As in adults, childhood obesity is associated with several metabolic disorders; however, there is little information regarding complex obesity-derived complications such as hepatic steatosis or endothelial dysfunction at early ages. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to analyze the effect of a nutritional and physical exercise program on obesity comorbidities in the form of subclinical atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver in young children. A total of 148 children completed the study. For nine months (one academic year), children carried out a nutritional and physical activity program of 3 h/week. Anthropometric, clinical, liver ultrasound and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) parameters were evaluated. Our results showed that the program significantly improved anthropometrical parameters, especially regarding BMI and body fat (p < 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively). The effect on metabolic parameters was limited, although a significant reduction on triglycerides was observed (p = 0.009). The education program had a great influence on the echogenic parameters, since the percentage of children with light steatosis decreased from 35% to 4% at the end of the study. In addition, cIMT also decreased significantly in both groups, although there was no statistically significant differences between groups. In conclusion, detection of early complications of obesity through sonographic parameters may allow early intervention, as in the present study, to prevent obesity co-morbidities in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Abellaneda Millán
- Department of Nursing, Universidad Católica de Murcia—UCAM, 30107 Murcia, Spain
- Food Technology and Nutrition Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Juan José Hernández Morante
- Eating Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Nursing, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-968-278-809
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Yan S, Luo S, Yang X, He L, Chen X, Que G. Effectiveness of online caries management platform in children's caries prevention: A randomized controlled trial. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1102503. [PMID: 36844857 PMCID: PMC9947237 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1102503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To construct an online caries management platform and evaluate its efficacy in children's caries prevention based on caries risk. Methods The study participants were second-grade pupils. The caries risk assessment tool (CAT) was used to grade caries risk for all participants, who were randomly divided into the experimental (114 pupils) and control (111 pupils) groups. The experimental group used the Internet for caries management, while the control group was managed by traditional lecturing in classroom. The caries status of each surface of the first permanent molars was recorded. The basic information and oral health knowledge, attitude, and behaviors of participants were collected by questionnaire. One year later, outcome data were collected. Pearson's chi-squared test was used to analyze the caries risk assessment items and oral health behaviors. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to analyze the decayed-missing-filled surfaces (DMFS) index, plaque index, and scores of oral health knowledge and attitude. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. This study was available on the website of Chinese Clinical Trials Register (No: MR-44-22-012947). Results After 1 year, the oral health knowledge score was improved by 20.58% (P < 0.001) in the experimental group and 6.02% in the control group. The plaque index was improved by 49.60% (P < 0.001) in the experimental group and 21.01% in the control group. The DMFS index increased in both groups but there were no significant differences (P = 0.608). The experimental group had a better improvement effect in caries risk assessment items than the control group, including "whether the frequency of eating sugary snacks or drinks between meals is more than 3 times/day" (P = 0.033) and the use of fluoridated toothpaste (P = 0.020). The experimental group was better than the control group in reported oral health behaviors, including frequency of eating sweets before sleep (P = 0.032), brushing time (P = 0.001), and the filled rate (proportion of FS in DMFS) of first permanent molars (P = 0.003). Conclusions The online caries management platform showed more advantages than traditional lecturing in improving oral health knowledge and behaviors (oral hygiene practice, sugar consumption behavior, and medical treatment behavior). This platform provides a reliable implementation path for the occurrence and continuous improvement of oral health-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Yan
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Luo
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lidan He
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Tham KW, Abdul Ghani R, Cua SC, Deerochanawong C, Fojas M, Hocking S, Lee J, Nam TQ, Pathan F, Saboo B, Soegondo S, Somasundaram N, Yong AML, Ashkenas J, Webster N, Oldfield B. Obesity in South and Southeast Asia-A new consensus on care and management. Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13520. [PMID: 36453081 PMCID: PMC10078503 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease in which the abnormal or excessive accumulation of body fat leads to impaired health and increased risk of mortality and chronic health complications. Prevalence of obesity is rising rapidly in South and Southeast Asia, with potentially serious consequences for local economies, healthcare systems, and quality of life. Our group of obesity specialists from Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Viet Nam undertook to develop consensus recommendations for management and care of adults and children with obesity in South and Southeast Asia. To this end, we identified and researched 12 clinical questions related to obesity. These questions address the optimal approaches for identifying and staging obesity, treatment (lifestyle, behavioral, pharmacologic, and surgical options) and maintenance of reduced weight, as well as issues related to weight stigma and patient engagement in the clinical setting. We achieved consensus on 42 clinical recommendations that address these questions. An algorithm describing obesity care is presented, keyed to the various consensus recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Wei Tham
- Singapore Association for the Study of Obesity, Singapore
| | | | - Sioksoan C Cua
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Philippine General Hospital, Metro Manila, Philippines.,Department of Pediatrics, Chinese General Hospital, Cardinal Santos Medical Center, Manila Doctors Hospital, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Mia Fojas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines
| | - Samantha Hocking
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Boden Initiative, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - June Lee
- Upper Gastrointestinal and Bariatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Tran Quang Nam
- Department of Endocrinology, Ho Chi Minh City University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Faruque Pathan
- Department of Endocrinology, Ibrahim Memorial Diabetes Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Banshi Saboo
- Dia Care Diabetes Care and Hormone Clinic, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Sidartawan Soegondo
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Diabetes Connection and Care, Eka Hospitals, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Alice M L Yong
- Department of Internal Medicine, RIPAS Hospital, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
| | | | | | - Brian Oldfield
- Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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25
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Genome Editing and Obesity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1396:179-190. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-5642-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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26
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Zhang C, Salamon J, Zhang R. Correlations between the Changing Levels of Tissue Plasminogen Activator and Adiposity Following Exercise-Induced Weight Loss. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235159. [PMID: 36501190 PMCID: PMC9741073 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a major threat to global public health. Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) is a serine protease that dissolves blood clots, which can also lead to excessive bleeding. Fibrinogen (FIBR), a glycoprotein, is converted by thrombin to fibrin and then to a fibrin-based blood clot. Both TPA and FIBR levels in the blood are associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease, and the levels of the two factors are also positively correlated with total adipose tissue amounts. Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues (VAT and SAT) can contribute differently to whole-body metabolism. In this study, we sought to assess: (1) the strength of the correlation between the changing levels of the two factors and the changing amounts of VAT/SAT during exercise-induced weight loss, (2) whether there is any difference between the two types of adipose tissues in terms of the correlation, and (3) which factor, TPA or FIBR, is more sensitive to changes in adiposity? For this study, we analyzed the data from the diabetes prevention program (DPP), in which the participants were divided into three groups, with one group undergoing a lifestyle change that involved maintaining a minimum of 7% weight loss with physical activity. We found that the basal amounts of VAT and SAT were correlated with TPA and FIBR levels. However, following weight loss, adiposity changes were strongly correlated with the changing levels of TPA, but not FIBR, for both men and women. Therefore, TPA, but not FIBR, is sensitive to changes in adiposity. Furthermore, regarding TPA, weight loss sensitized its correlation with SAT, but not VAT. This study shows how adipose tissues distinctively affect TPA and FIBR levels, two factors associated with cardiovascular disease and ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, 718 Gatewood Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jonathan Salamon
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Ren Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Correspondence:
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27
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Hasenberg T, König B. [Obesity from the Perspective of Surgical Oncology]. Zentralbl Chir 2022; 147:574-583. [PMID: 36479653 DOI: 10.1055/a-1957-5622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Up to 40% of all adults worldwide are overweight or obese. Besides the established obesity-related comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension or NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease), the focus of interest is shifting towards the influence of increased body weight as a risk factor for the development of malignant diseases. For more than 20 different types of malignancies, interactions between increased body weight and cancer risk have been established. Pathophysiological influences of obesity on carcinogenesis are diverse, including factors such as chronic inflammation, hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance, various changes in growth factor and changes in sex hormones. In cohorts of visceral oncology patients, malignancies such as colorectal carcinomas, hepatocellular carcinomas, adenocarcinomas of the pancreas, oesophageal and gastric carcinomas are also linked to an increased disease risk with increasing body weight. Since obesity must be considered a preventable or at least treatable cause of cancer, this review examines the influence of obesity in the field of visceral oncology, examining the effects of obesity on tumour prevalence, prevention and diagnostic testing, as well as its influence on treatment and prognosis. Furthermore, this review explores the current evidence on the influence of bariatric surgery on the prevalence of these obesity associated tumours. For example, in the case of colorectal carcinomas, the evidence base following bariatric surgery is mixed, painting an inhomogeneous picture. On the other hand, significantly lower prevalence of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinomas is to be noted. The latter effect can be explained by the decrease in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) associated with weight loss. Despite the justified concern that bariatric procedures (especially gastric sleeve resection) lead to increased prevalence of malignancies of the oesophageal junction, the currently available epidemiological data does not seem to identify a relevant increase in the incidence of these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Hasenberg
- Helios Adipositas Zentrum West, HELIOS Sankt Elisabeth Klinik Oberhausen, Oberhausen, Deutschland
| | - Barbara König
- Helios Adipositas Zentrum West, HELIOS Sankt Elisabeth Klinik Oberhausen, Oberhausen, Deutschland
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28
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Abdul Wahab R, le Roux CW. A review on the beneficial effects of bariatric surgery in the management of obesity. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2022; 17:435-446. [PMID: 35949186 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2022.2110865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a chronic disease with a complex interplay of multiple factors such as genetic, metabolic, behavioral, and environmental factors. The management of obesity includes; lifestyle modification, psychological therapy, pharmacological therapy, and bariatric surgery. To date, bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for obesity by offering a long-term reduction in weight, remission of obesity-related complications, and improving quality of life. However, bariatric surgery is not equally effective in all patients. Thus, if we can predict who would benefit most, it will improve the risk versus benefit ratio of having surgery. AREAS COVERED In this narrative review, we explore the question on who will benefit the most from bariatric surgery by examining the recent evidence in the literature. In addition, we investigate the predisposing predictors of bariatric surgery response. Finally, we offer the best strategies in the clinic to explain the potential benefits of bariatric surgery to patients. EXPERT OPINION Bariatric surgery is an effective obesity management approach. Despite its efficacy, considerable variation of individual response exists. Thus, it is important to recognize patients that will benefit most, but at present very few predictors are available which can be clinically useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshaida Abdul Wahab
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfied, Ireland
| | - Carel W le Roux
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfied, Ireland
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29
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Velluzzi F, Cossu G, Fosci M, Montisci R, Zaccheddu R, Minerba L, Musu M, Pintus E, Fortin D, Romano F, Aviles Gonzalez CI, Melis P, Deledda A, Loviselli A, Carta MG. Effect of a Low-Moderate Exercise Program on Dysmetabolism in Older Adults: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:3337. [PMID: 36014843 PMCID: PMC9413492 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise has been shown to improve dysmetabolism in older adults, reducing cardiovascular risk, while its role in preventing dysmetabolism is less known. Moreover, most of the trials use exercise programs that are difficult to put into daily practice. The purpose of this Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) was to evaluate the effectiveness of a 3-month moderate exercise program in improving or preventing dysmetabolism in 120 older adults, randomly selected for the exercise program (experimental group) or cultural activities (control group). None of the subjects were following a hypocaloric diet, and all of them reported healthy eating habits. Anthropometric (Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist Circumference (WC)) and metabolic variables (fasting plasma glucose (FPG), High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG)) were assessed at baseline (T0) and at the end of the trial (T1). Dysmetabolism was defined by the presence of an increased WC plus at least two metabolic alterations. At T0, the two groups did not differ by sex, age, education, BMI, WC, FPG, HDL-C levels, and prevalence of dysmetabolism. The mean BMI value indicated overweight, and WC values were higher than the cut-off. At T1, a slight reduction in the number of people with dysmetabolism was found only in the experimental group. However, none of the individuals without dysmetabolism at T0 in the experimental group developed it at T1, while 11.4% developed it in the control group (p = 0.032). This study highlights that a moderate exercise program, accessible in daily practice, can prevent dysmetabolism in older adults, even while being overweight, while if dysmetabolism is already present, more prolonged combined nutritional and exercise interventions will be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Velluzzi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giulia Cossu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Michele Fosci
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberta Montisci
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rosanna Zaccheddu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luigi Minerba
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mario Musu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elisa Pintus
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Dario Fortin
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Romano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Unitelma Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cesar Ivan Aviles Gonzalez
- Departamento de Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Popular del Cesar, Valledupar 200002, Colombia
| | - Paola Melis
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Deledda
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Loviselli
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
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Motivation and Limiting Factors for Adherence to Weight Loss Interventions among Patients with Obesity in Primary Care. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142928. [PMID: 35889885 PMCID: PMC9316956 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The cornerstones of obesity management are diet, physical activity and behavioral change. However, there is considerable scientific evidence that lifestyle interventions to treat obesity are rarely implemented in primary care. The aim of this study is to analyze motivation to lose weight among patients with obesity, the resources implemented by primary care centers to promote behavioral change and the limiting factors reported by the patients themselves when attempting to lose weight. A total of 209 patients diagnosed with obesity were interviewed. The variables were obtained from both electronic clinical records (sex, age, BMI, diagnosis of metabolic syndrome and records of activities prescribed to promote behavioral change) and a self-administered personal questionnaire. A total of 67.5% of the respondents reported not having sufficient motivation to adhere to a weight loss program. Records of behavioral change activities were identified in only 3% of the clinical records reviewed. The barriers to adherence to diet and exercise plans most frequently mentioned by patients were not having a prescribed diet (27.8%), joint pain (17.7%), getting tired or bored of dieting (14.8%) and laziness (11.5%). Both the high percentage of patients reporting insufficient motivation to lose weight and the barriers to weight loss identified suggest that patients feel the need to improve their motivation, which should be promoted through primary care.
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31
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Koo BK. Non-pharmacologic treatment for obesity. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 2022. [DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2022.65.7.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of obesity has been rapidly increasing in the Korean population. Obesity is a well-known risk factor for various chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, chronic kidney disease, degenerative arthritis, and autoimmune diseases. It also increases the risks of different malignancies, gall bladder disease, and pancreatitis.Current Concepts: Lifestyle intervention assisted by frequent behavioral therapy is crucial despite the modest amount of weight loss achieved. Energy intake restriction combined with increased physical activity can not only facilitate weight loss but also improve metabolic health. Furthermore, this combination can help maintain weight reduction during and after lifestyle interventions. Energy intake restriction with a daily deficit of 500–1,000 kcal and physical activity including aerobic exercise for 150 minutes or more per week and resistance training 2–4 times a week are generally recommended for obesity management.Discussion and Conclusion: Comprehensive lifestyle intervention should be individualized and supported by a multidisciplinary team. A long-term behavioral intervention is necessary for success in obesity treatment.
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S.V M, Nitin K, Sambit D, Nishant R, Sanjay K. ESI Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Obesity In India. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2022; 26:295-318. [PMID: 36185955 PMCID: PMC9519829 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.356236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Madhu S.V
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Kapoor Nitin
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Das Sambit
- Department of Endocrinology, Hi Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
| | - Raizada Nishant
- Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Kalra Sanjay
- Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, Haryana, India
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Flore G, Preti A, Carta MG, Deledda A, Fosci M, Nardi AE, Loviselli A, Velluzzi F. Weight Maintenance after Dietary Weight Loss: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Effectiveness of Behavioural Intensive Intervention. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061259. [PMID: 35334917 PMCID: PMC8953094 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
After a low-calorie diet, only 25% of patients succeed in maintaining the result of weight loss for a long time. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to explore whether patients undergoing intensive intervention during the maintenance phase have a greater preservation of the weight achieved during the previous slimming phase than controls. A bibliographic search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases for clinical trials and randomised, controlled trials investigating the role of choice in weight-loss-maintenance strategies. Only studies with a follow-up of at least 12 months were considered. A total of eight studies, for a total of 1454 patients, was identified, each comparing a group that followed a more intensive protocol to a control group. Our metanalysis highlighted that an intensive approach even in the maintenance phase could be important to ensure greater success in the phase following the weight-loss period. However, it should be pointed out that the improvement was not so different from the trend of the respective controls, with a non-statistically significant mean difference of the effect size (0.087; 95% CI −0.016 to 0.190 p = 0.098). This finding, along with the observation of a weight regain in half of the selected studies, suggests this is a long work that has to be started within the weight-loss phase and reinforced during the maintenance phase. The problem of weight control in patients with obesity should be understood as a process of education to a healthy lifestyle and a balanced diet to be integrated in the context of a multidisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Flore
- Obesity Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (A.D.); (M.F.); (A.L.); (F.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-070-6754230
| | - Antonio Preti
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10124 Torino, Italy;
| | - Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Andrea Deledda
- Obesity Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (A.D.); (M.F.); (A.L.); (F.V.)
| | - Michele Fosci
- Obesity Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (A.D.); (M.F.); (A.L.); (F.V.)
| | - Antonio Egidio Nardi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil;
| | - Andrea Loviselli
- Obesity Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (A.D.); (M.F.); (A.L.); (F.V.)
| | - Fernanda Velluzzi
- Obesity Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (A.D.); (M.F.); (A.L.); (F.V.)
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Wilson NRC, Veatch OJ, Johnson SM. On the Relationship between Diabetes and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Evolution and Epigenetics. Biomedicines 2022; 10:668. [PMID: 35327470 PMCID: PMC8945691 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review offers an overview of the relationship between diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), obesity, and heart disease. It then addresses evidence that the traditional understanding of this relationship is incomplete or misleading. In the process, there is a brief discussion of the evolutionary rationale for the development and retention of OSA in light of blood sugar dysregulation, as an adaptive mechanism in response to environmental stressors, followed by a brief overview of the general concepts of epigenetics. Finally, this paper presents the results of a literature search on the epigenetic marks and changes in gene expression found in OSA and diabetes. (While some of these marks will also correlate with obesity and heart disease, that is beyond the scope of this project). We conclude with an exploration of alternative explanations for the etiology of these interlinking diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. R. C. Wilson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA;
| | - Olivia J. Veatch
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
| | - Steven M. Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA;
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35
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Twells LK, Harris Walsh K, Blackmore A, Adey T, Donnan J, Peddle J, Ryan D, Farrell A, Nguyen H, Gao Z, Pace D. Nonsurgical weight loss interventions: A systematic review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13320. [PMID: 34378849 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Access to bariatric surgery to treat obesity is limited and has long wait times. Many adults are seeking nonsurgical weight loss support. Our study objective was to conduct a systematic review of nonsurgical weight loss interventions. PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and the CochraneLibrary were searched. Inclusion criteria were adults 18 + with a BMI > 25 enrolled in minimum a 3-month nonsurgical weight loss intervention. Studies were independently extracted and assessed for quality using A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR2). Pooled analyses were extracted, graded for evidence quality, and summarized. A total of 1065 studies were assessed for eligibility; 815 screened and 236 full-texts assessed. Sixty-four meta-analyses met eligibility criteria: 1180 RCTs with 184,605 study participants. Studies were categorized as diets (n = 13), combination therapies (n = 10), alternative (n = 16), technology (n = 10), behavioral (n = 5), physical activity (n = 6), and pharmacotherapy (n = 3). In 80% of studies, significant weight losses were reported ranging from 0.34-8.73 k in favor of the intervention. The most effective nonsurgical weight loss interventions were diets, either low-carbohydrate or low-fat diets, followed for 6 months; combination therapy including meal replacements plus enhanced support; and pharmacotherapy followed for 12 months. Although significant weight losses were reported for other types of interventions such as physical activity and technology, the majority of studies reported weight losses less than 2 kgs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie K Twells
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Kristin Harris Walsh
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Alicia Blackmore
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Tanis Adey
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Jennifer Donnan
- School of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Justin Peddle
- School of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Devonne Ryan
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Alison Farrell
- Health Sciences Library, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Hai Nguyen
- School of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Zhiwei Gao
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Dave Pace
- Faculty of Medicine-Surgery, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
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Atakan MM, Koşar ŞN, Güzel Y, Tin HT, Yan X. The Role of Exercise, Diet, and Cytokines in Preventing Obesity and Improving Adipose Tissue. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051459. [PMID: 33922998 PMCID: PMC8145589 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity continues to rise worldwide despite evidence-based public health recommendations. The promise to adopt a healthy lifestyle is increasingly important for tackling this global epidemic. Calorie restriction or regular exercise or a combination of the two is accepted as an effective strategy in preventing or treating obesity. Furthermore, the benefits conferred by regular exercise to overcome obesity are attributed not only to reduced adiposity or reduced levels of circulating lipids but also to the proteins, peptides, enzymes, and metabolites that are released from contracting skeletal muscle or other organs. The secretion of these molecules called cytokines in response to exercise induces browning of white adipose tissue by increasing the expression of brown adipocyte-specific genes within the white adipose tissue, suggesting that exercise-induced cytokines may play a significant role in preventing obesity. In this review, we present research-based evidence supporting the effects of exercise and various diet interventions on preventing obesity and adipose tissue health. We also discuss the interplay between adipose tissue and the cytokines secreted from skeletal muscle and other organs that are known to affect adipose tissue and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Mustafa Atakan
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; (M.M.A.); (Ş.N.K.); (Y.G.)
| | - Şükran Nazan Koşar
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; (M.M.A.); (Ş.N.K.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yasemin Güzel
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; (M.M.A.); (Ş.N.K.); (Y.G.)
| | - Hiu Tung Tin
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne 8001, Australia;
| | - Xu Yan
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne 8001, Australia;
- Sarcopenia Research Program, Australia Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), Melbourne 3021, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-9919-4024; Fax: +61-3-9919-5615
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