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Trischitta V, Mastroianno M, Scarale MG, Prehn C, Salvemini L, Fontana A, Adamski J, Schena FP, Cosmo SD, Copetti M, Menzaghi C. Circulating metabolites improve the prediction of renal impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2023; 11:e003422. [PMID: 37734903 PMCID: PMC10514631 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2023-003422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a leading cause of reduced lifespan in type 2 diabetes. Unravelling biomarkers capable to identify high-risk patients can help tackle this burden. We investigated the association between 188 serum metabolites and kidney function in type 2 diabetes and then whether the associated metabolites improve two established clinical models for predicting GFR decline in these patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Two cohorts comprising 849 individuals with type 2 diabetes (discovery and validation samples) and a follow-up study of 575 patients with estimated GFR (eGFR) decline were analyzed. RESULTS Ten metabolites were independently associated with low eGFR in the discovery sample, with nine of them being confirmed also in the validation sample (ORs range 1.3-2.4 per 1SD, p values range 1.9×10-2-2.5×10-9). Of these, five metabolites were also associated with eGFR decline (ie, tiglylcarnitine, decadienylcarnitine, total dimethylarginine, decenoylcarnitine and kynurenine) (β range -0.11 to -0.19, p values range 4.8×10-2 to 3.0×10-3). Indeed, tiglylcarnitine and kynurenine, which captured all the information of the other three markers, improved discrimination and reclassification (all p<0.01) of two clinical prediction models of GFR decline in people with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Further studies are needed to validate our findings in larger cohorts of different clinical, environmental and genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Trischitta
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Experimental Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Mastroianno
- Scientific Direction, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Scarale
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lucia Salvemini
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Andrea Fontana
- Unit of Biostatistics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, National University Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
| | | | - Salvatore De Cosmo
- Unit of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Copetti
- Unit of Biostatistics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Claudia Menzaghi
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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Huang J. Mendelian randomization indicates a causal contribution of type 2 diabetes to retinal vein occlusion. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1146185. [PMID: 37223029 PMCID: PMC10200935 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1146185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a common retinal vascular disease that can cause severe visual impairment. Many observational studies have shown that type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is associated with RVO, but it remains unknown if the association is causal. The present study aimed to perform Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to evaluate the causal contribution of genetically predicted T2DM to RVO. Methods We obtained summary-level data from a genome-wide association study meta-analysis including 48,286 cases and 250,671 controls for T2DM and from a genome wide association study of 372 cases and 182,573 controls in the FinnGen project for RVO. To verify the robustness of the results, an independent validation dataset for T2DM (12,931 cases and 57,196 controls) was used. In addition to the main MR analysis using the inverse variance weighted (fixed effect) approach, sensitivity analyses and multivariable MR adjusting for common risk factors of RVO were conducted. Results Genetically predicted T2DM was found to be causally associated with RVO risk (odds ratio (OR)=2.823, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.072-3.847, P=4.868×10-11). This association was supported by sensitivity analyses using the weighted median (OR=2.415, 95% CI: 1.411-4.132, P=1.294×10-3), weighted mode (OR=2.370, 95% CI: 1.321-4.252, P=5.159×10-3), maximum likelihood (OR=2.871, 95% CI: 2.100-3.924, P=3.719×10-11), MR-PRESSO (OR=2.823, 95% CI: 2.135-3.733, P=5.150×10-10), and MR-Egger (OR=2.441, 95% CI: 1.149-5.184, P=2.335×10-2) methods. In addition, this association persisted in multivariable MR after accounting for common RVO risk factors (OR=1.748, 95% CI: 1.238-2.467, P=1.490×10-3). The MR analyses using the validation dataset obtained consistent results. Conclusion This study indicates that genetically predicted T2DM may have a causal contribution to RVO. Future studies are required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Papagianni G, Panayiotou C, Vardas M, Balaskas N, Antonopoulos C, Tachmatzidis D, Didangelos T, Lambadiari V, Kadoglou NPE. The anti-inflammatory effects of aerobic exercise training in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cytokine 2023; 164:156157. [PMID: 36842369 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a low-grade, chronic inflammatory disease, associated with increased cardiovascular risk. The purpose of this systematic review/ meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of aerobic exercise training (AET) on inflammatory markers in T2DM patients. METHODS The literature search was conducted utilizing PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from their inception up to April 2022. We screened only for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of AET on C-reactive protein (CRP) and adipokines: adiponectin, resistin, interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), along with changes in anthropometric indices and glycemic control in adult T2DM patients. Pooled post-exercise weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were calculated for all outcomes of interest between exercise-treated patients and controls. RESULTS Twenty-six RCTs involving 1239 T2DM patients were retrieved from the databases for meta-analysis. The cumulative results showed that post-AET inflammatory markers were lower in exercise-treated patients compared to controls regarding CRP (mg/L): WMD: -0.91; 95%CIs: -1.43, -0.40; p < 0.001 resistin (mg/ml): (WMD: -2.08; 95%CIs: -3.32, -0.84; p < 0.001); TNF-a (pg/ml): (WMD: -2.70; 95%CIs: -4.26, -1.14; p < 0.001), and IL-6 (pg/ml): (WMD: -1.05; 95%CIs: -1.68, -0.43; p < 0.001). Those effects were accompanied by significant amelioration of fasting glucose (mg/dl) (WMD: -13.02; 95%CIs: -25.39, -0.66; p = 0.04), HbA1c (%) (WMD: -0.51; 95%CIs: -0.73, -0.28, p < 0.001), and fat mass (%) (WMD: -3.14; 95%CI: -4.71, -1.58; p < 0.001). Our meta-analysis demonstrated less-consistent results for adiponectin (μg/ml), (WMD: 1.00; 95%CI: -0.12, 2.12; p = 0.08) and body-mass index (kg/m2) (WMD: -1.34; 95%CI: -2.76, 0.08; p = 0.06) tending to differ between AET and control group. CONCLUSIONS AET can significantly reduce the inflammatory burden in T2DM patients. by ameliorating the circulating levels of CRP, resistin, TNF-a and IL-6, even without accompanied significant weight-loss. The clinical impact of those anti-inflammatory effects of AET needs to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Papagianni
- Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Constantinos Antonopoulos
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Athens University Medical School, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Vaia Lambadiari
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Centre, Athens University Medical School, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Resistin as a risk factor for all-cause (and cardiovascular) death in the general population. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19627. [PMID: 36380110 PMCID: PMC9666658 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum resistin is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that has been described as a risk factor associated with mortality in several clinical sets including type 2 diabetes. Mortality studies in the general population are needed to find out the risk of death associated to this cytokine. In a follow-up study of a cohort of adult population (n = 6636) in Spain over a period of fifteen years (447 deaths/102,255 person-years), serum resistin measurements and death records were obtained. The risks of all-cause deaths, and deaths from cardiovascular and oncological diseases were estimated. Hazard ratios (HR) and its confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using multivariable Cox models, adjusting the effect of 11 traditional risk factors. The risk of all-cause mortality among participants exposed to the highest quintile of resistin was always higher than among those in the lowest quintile (HR varied between 1.55 when smoking was the adjusted factor [95% CI 1.17-2.05], and 1.68 when the adjusted factor was physical activity [95% CI 1.27-2.21]). The maximally adjusted model, accounting for the effect of all traditional factors, corroborated this higher risk of all-cause mortality among people in the highest resistin quintile (HR = 1.52; 95% CI 1.13-2.05). The effect of resistin was even higher for cardiovascular deaths (HR = 2.14; 95% CI 1.13-4.06), being exceeded only by suffering diabetes (HR = 3.04; 95% CI 1.98-4.69) or previous acute coronary syndrome (HR = 3.67; 95% CI 2.18-6.18). This findings corroborate the role of resistin as a risk factor for all-cause (and cardiovascular) death in the general population.
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Scarale MG, Mastroianno M, Prehn C, Copetti M, Salvemini L, Adamski J, De Cosmo S, Trischitta V, Menzaghi C. Circulating Metabolites Associate With and Improve the Prediction of All-Cause Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 2022; 71:1363-1370. [PMID: 35358315 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Death rate is increased in type 2 diabetes. Unraveling biomarkers of novel pathogenic pathways capable to identify high-risk patients is instrumental to tackle this burden. We investigated the association between serum metabolites and all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes and then whether the associated metabolites mediate the effect of inflammation on mortality risk and improve ENFORCE (EstimatioN oF mORtality risk in type2 diabetic patiEnts) and RECODe (Risk Equation for Complications Of type 2 Diabetes), two well-established all-cause mortality prediction models in diabetes. Two cohorts comprising 856 individuals (279 all-cause deaths) were analyzed. Serum metabolites (n = 188) and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (n = 7) were measured. In the pooled analysis, hexanoylcarnitine, kynurenine, and tryptophan were significantly and independently associated with mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.60 [95% CI 1.43-1.80]; 1.53 [1.37-1.71]; and 0.71 [0.62-0.80] per 1 SD). The kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio (KTR), a proxy of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase, which degrades tryptophan to kynurenine and contributes to a proinflammatory status, mediated 42% of the significant association between the antiatherogenic interleukin (IL) 13 and mortality. Adding the three metabolites improved discrimination and reclassification (all P < 0.01) of both mortality prediction models. In type 2 diabetes, hexanoylcarnitine, tryptophan, and kynurenine are associated to and improve the prediction of all-cause mortality. Further studies are needed to investigate whether interventions aimed at reducing KTR also reduce the risk of death, especially in patients with low IL-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Scarale
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza," San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Mario Mastroianno
- Scientific Direction, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza," San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core (MPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Massimiliano Copetti
- Biostatistics Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza," San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Lucia Salvemini
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza," San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Salvatore De Cosmo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico "Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza," San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Trischitta
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza," San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Menzaghi
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza," San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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