1
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Bhatia N, Thareja S. Aromatase inhibitors for the treatment of breast cancer: An overview (2019-2023). Bioorg Chem 2024; 151:107607. [PMID: 39002515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Aromatase inhibition is considered a legitimate approach for the treatment of ER-positive (ER+) breast cancer as it accounts for more than 70% of breast cancer cases. Aromatase inhibitor therapy has been demonstrated to be highly effective in decreasing tumour size, increasing survival rates, and lowering the chance of cancer recurrence. The present review deliberates the pathophysiology and the role of aromatase in estrogen biosynthesis. Estrogen biosynthesis, various androgens, and their function in the human body have also been discussed. The salient aspects of the aromatase active site, its mode of action, and AIs, along with their intended interactions with presently FDA-approved inhibitors, have been briefly discussed. It has been detailed how different reported AIs were designed, their SAR investigations, in silico analysis, and biological evaluations. Various AIs from multiple origins, such as synthetic and semi-synthetic, have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Suresh Thareja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India.
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2
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Stennette KA, Godwin JR. Estrogenic influences on agonistic behavior in teleost fishes. Horm Behav 2024; 161:105519. [PMID: 38452611 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Teleost fishes show an extraordinary diversity of sexual patterns, social structures, and sociosexual behaviors. Sex steroid hormones are key modulators of social behaviors in teleosts as in other vertebrates and act on sex steroid receptor-containing brain nuclei that form the evolutionarily conserved vertebrate social behavior network (SBN). Fishes also display important differences relative to tetrapod vertebrates that make them particularly well-suited to study the physiological mechanisms modulating social behavior. Specifically, fishes exhibit high levels of brain aromatization and have what has been proposed to be a lifelong, steroid hormone dependent plasticity in the neural substrates mediating sociosexual behavior. In this review, we examine how estrogenic signaling modulates sociosexual behaviors in teleosts with a particular focus on agonistic behavior. Estrogens have been shown to mediate agonistic behaviors in a broad range of fishes, from sexually monomorphic gonochoristic species to highly dimorphic sex changers with alternate reproductive phenotypes. These similarities across such diverse taxa contribute to a growing body of evidence that estrogens play a crucial role in the modulation of aggression in vertebrates. As analytical techniques and genomic tools rapidly advance, methods such as LC-MS/MS, snRNAseq, and CRISPR-based mutagenesis show great promise to further elucidate the mechanistic basis of estrogenic effects on social behavior in the diverse teleost lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Stennette
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - John R Godwin
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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3
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Wang Y, Lin J, Li W, Ji G, Liu Z. Identification, Expression and Evolutional Analysis of Two cyp19-like Genes in Amphioxus. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1140. [PMID: 38672288 PMCID: PMC11047327 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of sex determination and differentiation in animals remains a central focus of reproductive and developmental biology research, and the regulation of sex differentiation in amphioxus remains poorly understood. Cytochrome P450 Family 19 Subfamily A member 1 (CYP19A1) is a crucial sex differentiation gene that catalyzes the conversion of androgens into estrogens. In this study, we identified two aromatase-like genes in amphioxus: cyp19-like1 and cyp19-like2. The cyp19-like1 is more primitive and may represent the ancestral form of cyp19 in zebrafish and other vertebrates, while the cyp19-like2 is likely the result of gene duplication within amphioxus. To gain further insights into the expression level of these two aromatase-like, we examined their expression in different tissues and during different stages of gonad development. While the expression level of the two genes differs in tissues, both are highly expressed in the gonad primordium and are primarily localized to microsomal membrane systems. However, as development proceeds, their expression level decreases significantly. This study enhances our understanding of sex differentiation mechanisms in amphioxus and provides valuable insights into the formation and evolution of sex determination mechanisms in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhenhui Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Y.W.); (J.L.); (W.L.); (G.J.)
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4
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Zhang D, Tian T, Han L, Du J, Zhu T, Lei C, Song H, Li S. Expression characteristics of the cyp19a1b aromatase gene and its response to 17β-estradiol treatment in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:575-588. [PMID: 38216846 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01291-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the regulatory role of the cyp19a1b aromatase gene in the sexual differentiation of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides, LMB), we obtained the full-length cDNA sequence of cyp19a1b using rapid amplification of cDNA ends technique. Tissue expression characteristics and feedback with 17-β-estradiol (E2) were determined using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), while gonad development was assessed through histological section observations. The cDNA sequence of LMB cyp19a1b was found to be1950 base pairs (bp) in length, including a 5' untranslated region of 145 bp, a 3' untranslated region of 278 bp, and an open reading frame encoding a protein consisting of 1527 bp that encoded 508 amino acids. The qRT-PCR results indicated that cyp19a1b abundantly expressed in the brain, followed by the gonads, and its expression in the ovaries was significantly higher than that observed in the testes (P < 0.05). After feeding fish with E2 for 30 days, the expression of cyp19a1b in the pseudo-female gonads (XY-F) was significantly higher than that in males (XY-M) (P < 0.05), whereas expression did not differ significantly between XX-F and XY-F fish (P > 0.05). Although the expression of cyp19a1b in XY-F and XX-F fish was not significantly different after 60 days (P>0.05), both exhibited significantly higher levels than that of XY-M fish (P<0.05). Histological sections analysis showed the presence of oogonia in both XY-F and XX-F fish at 30 days, while spermatogonia were observed in XY-M fish. At 60 days, primary oocytes were abundantly observed in both XY-F and XX-F fish, while a few spermatogonia were visible in XY-M fish. At 90 days, the histological sections' results showed that a large number of oocytes were visible in XY-F and XX-F fish. Additionally, the gonads of XY-M fish contained numerous spermatocytes. These results suggest that cyp19a1b plays a pivotal role in the development of ovaries and nervous system development in LMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyun Zhang
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, China Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510380, China
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Taihang Tian
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, China Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510380, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Linqiang Han
- Guangdong province Liangshi Aquaculture Seed Industry, Foshan, 528100, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinxing Du
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, China Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, China Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Caixia Lei
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, China Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Hongmei Song
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, China Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510380, China.
| | - Shengjie Li
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, China Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510380, China.
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5
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Lai X, Peng S, Liu L, Zou Z, Cao L, Wang Y. Tissue-specific promoters regulate the transcription of cyp19a1 in the brain-pituitary-gonad axis of Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica). J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 232:106334. [PMID: 37236374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Aromatase is a key enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of estrogens. Previous study indicated that putative tissue-specific promoters of the one aromatase gene (cyp19a1) may drive the differential regulatory mechanisms of cyp19a1 expression in Anguilla japonica. In the present study, for elucidating the transcription characteristics and the function of putative tissue-specific promoters of cyp19a1 in the brain-pituitary-gonad (BPG) axis during vitellogenesis, we investigated the transcriptional regulation of cyp19a1 by 17β-estrogen (E2), testosterone (T), or human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in A. japonica. The expression of estrogen receptor (esra), androgen receptor (ara), or luteinizing hormone receptor (lhr) was up-regulated as cyp19a1 in response to E2, T, or HCG, respectively in the telencephalon, diencephalon, and pituitary. The expression of cyp19a1 was also upregulated in the ovary by HCG or T in a dose-dependent manner. Unlike in the brain and pituitary, the expression of esra and lhr, rather than ara, was upregulated by T in the ovary. Subsequently, four primary subtypes of 5'-untranslated terminal regions of cyp19a1 transcripts and the corresponding two 5' flanking regions (promoter P.I and P.II) were identified. The P.II existed in all BPG axis tissues, whereas the P.I with strong transcriptional activity was brain- and pituitary-specific. Furthermore, the transcriptional activity of promoters, the core promoter region, and the three putative hormone receptor response elements were validated. The transcriptional activity did not change when the HEK291T cells co-transfected with P.II and ar vector were exposed to T. These results suggested that the expression of cyp19a1 was upregulated indirectly through esra and lhr rather than ara by T in the ovary, whereas the expression of cyp19a1 was upregulated directly through androgen receptor and the downstream androgen response element of tissue-specific P.I in the brain and pituitary. The results of the study reveal the regulatory mechanisms of estrogen biosynthesis and provide a reference for optimizing the technology of artificially induced maturation in eels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Lai
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education P. R. China, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Shuai Peng
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Liping Liu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhihua Zou
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Le Cao
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education P. R. China, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yilei Wang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Bhattacharya K, Saha I, Sen D, Bose C, Chaudhuri GR, Dutta S, Sengupta P, Bhattacharya S, Barman SS, Syamal AK. Role of anti-Mullerian hormone in polycystic ovary syndrome. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43043-022-00123-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common gynecological endocrine disorders affecting up to 10% of all females in their reproductive age, and its cause of onset is still elusive. A spectrum of recent research reflected diverse associations between increased plasma level of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and different clinical features of PCOS. Since AMH levels reflect the pool of growing follicles that potentially can ovulate, it can be stated that serum AMH levels can be used to assess the “functional ovarian reserve,” rather mentioning it as the “ovarian reserve.” AMH also appears to be a premier endocrine parameter for the assessment of atrophied ovarian follicular pool in response to age of individuals. AMH hinders the follicular development as well as the follicular recruitment and ultimately resulting in follicular arrest which is the key pathophysiologic condition for the onset of PCOS. Furthermore, FSH-induced aromatase activity remains inhibited by AMH that aids emergence of other associated clinical signs of PCOS, such as excess androgen, followed by insulin resistance among the PCOS individuals. Given the versatile association of AMH with PCOS and scarcity in literature explaining the underling mechanisms how AMH relates with PCOS, this review article will discuss the roles of AMH in the pathogenesis of PCOS which may introduce a new era in treatment approach of PCOS.
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Goikoetxea A, Todd EV, Muncaster S, Lokman PM, Thomas JT, Robertson HA, De Farias e Moraes CE, Gemmell NJ. Effects of cortisol on female-to-male sex change in a wrasse. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273779. [PMID: 36048785 PMCID: PMC9436091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex change occurs as a usual part of the life cycle for many teleost fish and the modifications involved (behavioural, gonadal, morphological) are well studied. However, the mechanism that transduces environmental cues into the molecular cascade that underlies this transformation remains unknown. Cortisol, the main stress hormone in fish, is hypothesised to be a key factor linking environmental stimuli with sex change by initiating gene expression changes that shift steroidogenesis from oestrogens to androgens but this notion remains to be rigorously tested. Therefore, this study aimed to experimentally test the role of cortisol as an initiator of sex change in a protogynous (female-to-male) hermaphrodite, the New Zealand spotty wrasse (Notolabrus celidotus). We also sought to identify potential key regulatory factors within the head kidney that may contribute to the initiation and progression of gonadal sex change. Cortisol pellets were implanted into female spotty wrasses under inhibitory conditions (presence of a male), and outside of the optimal season for natural sex change. Histological analysis of the gonads and sex hormone analyses found no evidence of sex change after 71 days of cortisol treatment. However, expression analyses of sex and stress-associated genes in gonad and head kidney suggested that cortisol administration did have a physiological effect. In the gonad, this included upregulation of amh, a potent masculinising factor, and nr3c1, a glucocorticoid receptor. In the head kidney, hsd11b2, which converts cortisol to inactive cortisone to maintain cortisol balance, was upregulated. Overall, our results suggest cortisol administration outside of the optimal sex change window is unable to initiate gonadal restructuring. However, our expression data imply key sex and stress genes are sensitive to cortisol. This includes genes expressed in both gonad and head kidney that have been previously implicated in early sex change in several sex-changing species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Goikoetxea
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
| | - Erica V. Todd
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Simon Muncaster
- Environmental Management Group, Toi Ohomai Institute of Technology, Tauranga, New Zealand
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Tauranga, New Zealand
| | - P. Mark Lokman
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jodi T. Thomas
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Holly A. Robertson
- Environmental Management Group, Toi Ohomai Institute of Technology, Tauranga, New Zealand
| | | | - Neil J. Gemmell
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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8
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Brann DW, Lu Y, Wang J, Zhang Q, Thakkar R, Sareddy GR, Pratap UP, Tekmal RR, Vadlamudi RK. Brain-derived estrogen and neural function. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:793-817. [PMID: 34823913 PMCID: PMC8816863 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Although classically known as an endocrine signal produced by the ovary, 17β-estradiol (E2) is also a neurosteroid produced in neurons and astrocytes in the brain of many different species. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the localization, regulation, sex differences, and physiological/pathological roles of brain-derived E2 (BDE2). Much of what we know regarding the functional roles of BDE2 has come from studies using specific inhibitors of the E2 synthesis enzyme, aromatase, as well as the recent development of conditional forebrain neuron-specific and astrocyte-specific aromatase knockout mouse models. The evidence from these studies support a critical role for neuron-derived E2 (NDE2) in the regulation of synaptic plasticity, memory, socio-sexual behavior, sexual differentiation, reproduction, injury-induced reactive gliosis, and neuroprotection. Furthermore, we review evidence that astrocyte-derived E2 (ADE2) is induced following brain injury/ischemia, and plays a key role in reactive gliosis, neuroprotection, and cognitive preservation. Finally, we conclude by discussing the key controversies and challenges in this area, as well as potential future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrell W Brann
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| | - Yujiao Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Roshni Thakkar
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Gangadhara R Sareddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health, San Antoio TX, 78229, USA
| | - Uday P Pratap
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health, San Antoio TX, 78229, USA
| | - Rajeshwar R Tekmal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health, San Antoio TX, 78229, USA
| | - Ratna K Vadlamudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health, San Antoio TX, 78229, USA; Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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9
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Rahman MS, Thomas P. Molecular Characterization and Expression of Cytochrome P450 Aromatase in Atlantic Croaker Brain: Regulation by Antioxidant Status and Nitric Oxide Synthase During Hypoxia Stress. Front Physiol 2021; 12:720200. [PMID: 34434121 PMCID: PMC8381199 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.720200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that nitric oxide synthase (NOS, an enzyme) is significantly increased during hypoxic stress in Atlantic croaker brains and modulated by an antioxidant (AOX). However, the influence of NOS and AOX on cytochrome P450 aromatase (AROM, CYP19a1, an enzyme) activity on vertebrate brains during hypoxic stress is largely unknown. In this study, we characterized brain AROM (bAROM, CYP19a1b) cDNA in croaker and examined the interactive effects of hypoxia and a NOS-inhibitor or AOX on AROM activity. The amino acid sequence of croaker bAROM cDNA is highly homologous (76–80%) to other marine teleost bAROM cDNAs. Both real-time PCR and Northern blot analyses showed that bAROM transcript (size: ∼2.8 kb) is highly expressed in the preoptic-anterior hypothalamus (POAH). Hypoxia exposure (dissolved oxygen, DO: 1.7 mg/L for 4 weeks) caused significant decreases in hypothalamic AROM activity, bAROM mRNA and protein expressions. Hypothalamic AROM activity and mRNA levels were also decreased by pharmacological treatment with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM, an alkylating drug that modifies sulfhydryl groups) of fish exposed to normoxic (DO: ∼6.5 mg/L) conditions. On the other hand, treatments with Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (NAME, a competitive NOS-inhibitor) or vitamin-E (Vit-E, a powerful AOX) prevented the downregulation of hypothalamic AROM activity and mRNA levels in hypoxic fish. Moreover, NAME and Vit-E treatments also restored gonadal growth in hypoxic fish. Double-labeled immunohistochemistry results showed that AROM and NOS proteins are co-expressed with NADPH oxidase (generates superoxide anion) in the POAH. Collectively, these results suggest that the hypoxia-induced downregulation of AROM activity in teleost brains is influenced by neuronal NOS activity and AOX status. The present study provides, to the best of our knowledge, the first evidence of restoration of AROM levels in vertebrate brains by a competitive NOS-inhibitor and potent AOX during hypoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Saydur Rahman
- School of Earth, Environmental and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States.,Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX, United States
| | - Peter Thomas
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX, United States
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10
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Strüssmann CA, Yamamoto Y, Hattori RS, Fernandino JI, Somoza GM. Where the Ends Meet: An Overview of Sex Determination in Atheriniform Fishes. Sex Dev 2021; 15:80-92. [PMID: 33951664 DOI: 10.1159/000515191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atheriniform fishes have recently emerged as attractive models for evolutionary, ecological, and molecular/physiological studies on sex determination. Many species in this group have marked temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) and yet many species also have a sex determinant gene that provides a strong drive for male differentiation. Thus, in these species the 2 forms of sex determination that were once considered to be mutually exclusive, environmental (ESD) and genotypic (GSD) sex determination, can coexist at environmentally relevant conditions. Here, we review the current knowledge on sex determination in atheriniform fishes with emphasis on the molecular and physiological mechanisms of ESD and GSD, the coexistence and cross-talk between these 2 mechanisms, the possibility of extragonadal transduction of environmental information and/or extragonadal onset of sex determination, and the results of field studies applying novel tools such as otolith increment analysis and molecular markers of genetic sex developed for selected New World and Old World atheriniform species. We also discuss the existence of molecular and histological mechanisms to prevent the discrepant differentiation in parts of the gonads because of ambiguous or conflicting environmental and genetic signals and particularly the possibility that the female is the default state in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Strüssmann
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoji Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ricardo S Hattori
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Juan I Fernandino
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Gustavo M Somoza
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
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11
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Wang D, Weng Y, Zhang Y, Wang R, Wang T, Zhou J, Shen S, Wang H, Wang Y. Exposure to hyperandrogen drives ovarian dysfunction and fibrosis by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome in mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 745:141049. [PMID: 32758727 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Hyperandrogenism is the main cause of infertility as a result of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Long-term and continuous exposure to hyperandrogen can cause follicular developmental disorders. Ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) are critical in shaping the follicular development. To clarify how excessive androgen suppresses folliculogenesis and ovulation, we constructed PCOS mice by implantation of a 35-d testosterone (T) continuous-release pellet. Ovarian toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression and serum IL-6 and IL-1β levels were dramatically increased in T-treated mice. In addition, the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome in the ovary of T-treated mice suggests that pyroptosis may play an essential role in follicular dysfunction. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been extensively studied for activating cells by binding to TLR4. In this study, we demonstrated that LPS-induced inflammation leads to activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome with consequent impacts on follicular dysfunction. Herein we showed that LPS treatment upregulated the expression of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) and androgen receptor (AR), while suppressed follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) expression in vitro. Moreover, we overexpressed NLRP3 using nigericin or lentiviral particles in GCs. The protein and mRNA levels of pyroptotic factors were highly enhanced with NLRP3 overexpression. As expected, the expression of Cyp19α1, Cyp11α1, 3β-HSD and FSHR at both the protein and mRNA levels was also markedly increased with excessive NLRP3. After inhibiting NLRP3, dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-treated GCs demonstrated markedly decreased NLRP3, the inflammasome adapter protein ASC, C-terminal fragment of gasdermin D (GSDMD-C), AR and Cyp19α1 at the protein level. Furthermore, with NLRP3 overexpression, the expression of fibrotic factors in ovarian cells was dramatically increased, such as TGF-β, CTGF, α-SMA, β-catenin, collagen I and collagen IV. These findings suggest that hyperandrogen stimulates chronic low-grade inflammation in the ovary to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, further inducing a series of pathologies including ovarian GC pyroptotic death, follicular dysfunction and ovarian interstitial cell fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daojuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytacal Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yajing Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Analytacal Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yaling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytacal Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytacal Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Tingyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytacal Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jianjun Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shanmei Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytacal Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytacal Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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Driscoll RMH, Faber-Hammond JJ, O'Rourke CF, Hurd PL, Renn SCP. Epigenetic regulation of gonadal and brain aromatase expression in a cichlid fish with environmental sex determination. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 296:113538. [PMID: 32585214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A fit animal must develop testes or ovaries, with brain and physiology to match. In species with alternative male morphs this coordination of development across tissues operates within sexes as well as between. For Pelvicachromis pulcher, an African cichlid in which early pH exposure influences both sex and alternative male morph, we sequence both copies of aromatase (cyp19a1), a key gene for sex determination. We analyze gene expression and epigenetic state, comparing gonad and brain tissue from females, alternative male morphs, and fry. Relative to brain, we find elevated expression of the A-copy in the ovaries but not testes. Methylation analysis suggests strong epigenetic regulation, with one region specifying sex and another specifying tissue. We find elevated brain expression of the B-copy with no sex or male morph differences. B-copy methylation follows that of the A-copy rather than corresponding to B-copy expression. In 30-day old fry, we see elevated B-copy expression in the head, but we do not see the expected elevated A-copy expression in the trunk that would reflect ovarian development. Interestingly, the A-copy epialleles that distinguish ovaries from testes are among the most explanatory patterns for variation among fry, suggesting epigenetic marking of sex prior to differentiation and thus laying the groundwork for mechanistic studies of epigenetic regulation of sex and morph differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose M H Driscoll
- Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Peter L Hurd
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Suzy C P Renn
- Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, OR, USA.
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13
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Lin CJ, Maugars G, Lafont AG, Jeng SR, Wu GC, Dufour S, Chang CF. Basal teleosts provide new insights into the evolutionary history of teleost-duplicated aromatase. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 291:113395. [PMID: 31981691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Duplicated cyp19a1 genes (cyp19a1a encoding aromatase a and cyp19a1b encoding aromatase b) have been identified in an increasing number of teleost species. Cyp19a1a is mainly expressed in the gonads, while cyp19a1b is mainly expressed in the brain, specifically in radial glial cells, as largely investigated by Kah and collaborators. The third round of whole-genome duplication that specifically occurred in the teleost lineage (TWGD or 3R) is likely at the origin of the duplicated cyp19a1 paralogs. In contrast to the situation in other teleosts, our previous studies identified a single cyp19a1 in eels (Anguilla), which are representative species of a basal group of teleosts, Elopomorpha. In the present study, using genome data mining and phylogenetic and synteny analyses, we confirmed that the whole aromatase genomic region was duplicated in eels, with most aromatase-neighboring genes being conserved in duplicate in eels, as in other teleosts. These findings suggest that specific gene loss of one of the 3R-duplicated cyp19a1 paralogs occurred in Elopomorpha after TWGD. Similarly, a single cyp19a1 gene was found in the arowana, which is a representative species of another basal group of teleosts, Osteoglossomorpha. In eels, the single cyp19a1 is expressed in both the brain and the gonads, as observed for the single CYP19A1 gene present in other vertebrates. The results of phylogenetic, synteny, closest neighboring gene, and promoter structure analyses showed that the single cyp19a1 of the basal teleosts shared conserved properties with both teleost cyp19a1a and cyp19a1b paralogs, which did not allow us to conclude which of the 3R-duplicated paralogs (cyp19a1a or cyp19a1b) was lost in Elopomorpha. Elopomorpha and Osteoglossomorpha cyp19a1 genes exhibited preserved ancestral functions, including expression in both the gonad and brain. We propose that the subfunctionalization of the 3R-duplicated cyp19a1 paralogs expressed specifically in the gonad or brain occurred in Clupeocephala, after the split of Clupeocephala from Elopomorpha and Osteoglossomorpha, which represented a driving force for the conservation of both 3R-duplicated paralogs in all extant Clupeocephala. In contrast, the functional redundancy of the undifferentiated 3R-duplicated cyp19a1 paralogs in elopomorphs and osteoglossomorphs would have favored the loss of one 3R paralog in basal teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ju Lin
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Gersende Maugars
- Laboratory Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems (BOREA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, IRD, Sorbonne Université, Université de Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Anne-Gaëlle Lafont
- Laboratory Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems (BOREA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, IRD, Sorbonne Université, Université de Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Shan-Ru Jeng
- Department of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Chung Wu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Sylvie Dufour
- Laboratory Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems (BOREA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, IRD, Sorbonne Université, Université de Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Ching-Fong Chang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan.
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14
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De Oliveira J, Chadili E, Piccini B, Turies C, Maillot-Maréchal E, Palluel O, Pardon P, Budzinski H, Cousin X, Brion F, Hinfray N. Refinement of an OECD test guideline for evaluating the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on aromatase gene expression and reproduction using novel transgenic cyp19a1a-eGFP zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 220:105403. [PMID: 31927064 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic fish are powerful models that can provide mechanistic information regarding the endocrine activity of test chemicals. In this study, our objective was to use a newly developed transgenic zebrafish line expressing eGFP under the control of the cyp19a1a promoter in the OECD Fish Short Term Reproduction Assay (TG 229) to provide additional mechanistic information on tested substances. For this purpose, we exposed adult transgenic zebrafish to a reference substance of the TG 229, i.e. prochloraz (PCZ; 1.7, 17.2 and 172.6 μg/L). In addition to "classical" endpoints used in the TG 229 (reproductive outputs, vitellogenin), the fluorescence intensity of the ovaries was monitored at 4 different times of exposure using in vivo imaging. Our data revealed that 172.6 μg/L PCZ significantly decreased the number of eggs laid per female per day and the concentrations of vitellogenin in females, reflecting the decreasing E2 synthesis due to the inhibition of the ovarian aromatase activities. At 7 and 14 days, GFP intensities in ovaries were similar over the treatment groups but significantly increased after 21 days at 17.2 and 172.6 μg/L. A similar profile was observed for the endogenous cyp19a1a expression measured by qPCR thereby confirming the reliability of the GFP measurement for assessing aromatase gene expression. The overexpression of the cyp19a1a gene likely reflects a compensatory response to the inhibitory action of PCZ on aromatase enzymatic activities. Overall, this study illustrates the feasibility of using the cyp19a1a-eGFP transgenic line for assessing the effect of PCZ in an OECD test guideline while providing complementary information on the time- and concentration-dependent effects of the compound, without disturbing reproduction of fish. The acquisition of this additional mechanistic information on a key target gene through in vivo fluorescence imaging of the ovaries was realized without increasing the number of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie De Oliveira
- INERIS, Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, UMR I-02 SEBIO, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Edith Chadili
- INERIS, Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, UMR I-02 SEBIO, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Benjamin Piccini
- INERIS, Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, UMR I-02 SEBIO, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Cyril Turies
- INERIS, Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, UMR I-02 SEBIO, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | | | - Olivier Palluel
- INERIS, Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, UMR I-02 SEBIO, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Patrick Pardon
- University of Bordeaux, LPTC, UMR EPOC, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Xavier Cousin
- IFREMER, L3AS, UMR MARBEC, Palavas-les-Flots, France; INRA, UMR GABI, AgroParisTech, University Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - François Brion
- INERIS, Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, UMR I-02 SEBIO, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Nathalie Hinfray
- INERIS, Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, UMR I-02 SEBIO, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.
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15
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Sharifian S, Homaei A, Kamrani E, Etzerodt T, Patel S. New insights on the marine cytochrome P450 enzymes and their biotechnological importance. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 142:811-821. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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16
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Thomas JT, Todd EV, Muncaster S, Lokman PM, Damsteegt EL, Liu H, Soyano K, Gléonnec F, Lamm MS, Godwin JR, Gemmell NJ. Conservation and diversity in expression of candidate genes regulating socially-induced female-male sex change in wrasses. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7032. [PMID: 31218121 PMCID: PMC6568253 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fishes exhibit remarkably diverse, and plastic, patterns of sexual development, most striking of which is sequential hermaphroditism, where individuals readily reverse sex in adulthood. How this stunning example of phenotypic plasticity is controlled at a genetic level remains poorly understood. Several genes have been implicated in regulating sex change, yet the degree to which a conserved genetic machinery orchestrates this process has not yet been addressed. Using captive and in-the-field social manipulations to initiate sex change, combined with a comparative qPCR approach, we compared expression patterns of four candidate regulatory genes among three species of wrasses (Labridae)-a large and diverse teleost family where female-to-male sex change is pervasive, socially-cued, and likely ancestral. Expression in brain and gonadal tissues were compared among the iconic tropical bluehead wrasse (Thalassoma bifasciatum) and the temperate spotty (Notolabrus celidotus) and kyusen (Parajulus poecilepterus) wrasses. In all three species, gonadal sex change was preceded by downregulation of cyp19a1a (encoding gonadal aromatase that converts androgens to oestrogens) and accompanied by upregulation of amh (encoding anti-müllerian hormone that primarily regulates male germ cell development), and these genes may act concurrently to orchestrate ovary-testis transformation. In the brain, our data argue against a role for brain aromatase (cyp19a1b) in initiating behavioural sex change, as its expression trailed behavioural changes. However, we find that isotocin (it, that regulates teleost socio-sexual behaviours) expression correlated with dominant male-specific behaviours in the bluehead wrasse, suggesting it upregulation mediates the rapid behavioural sex change characteristic of blueheads and other tropical wrasses. However, it expression was not sex-biased in temperate spotty and kyusen wrasses, where sex change is more protracted and social groups may be less tightly-structured. Together, these findings suggest that while key components of the molecular machinery controlling gonadal sex change are phylogenetically conserved among wrasses, neural pathways governing behavioural sex change may be more variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi T. Thomas
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Erica V. Todd
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Simon Muncaster
- Faculty of Primary Industries, Environment and Science, Toi Ohomai Institute of Technology, Tauranga, Bay of Plenty, New Zealand
| | - P Mark Lokman
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Erin L. Damsteegt
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Kiyoshi Soyano
- Institute for East China Sea Research, Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Taira-machi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Florence Gléonnec
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
- BIOSIT - Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie-Santé de Rennes, Université Rennes I, Rennes, France
| | - Melissa S. Lamm
- Department of Biological Sciences and WM Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - John R. Godwin
- Department of Biological Sciences and WM Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Neil J. Gemmell
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
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17
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Rutherford R, Lister A, MacLatchy D. Comparison of steroidogenic gene expression in mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) testis tissue following exposure to aromatizable or non-aromatizable androgens. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 227:39-49. [PMID: 30218714 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Androgens are a recognized class of endocrine disrupting compounds with the ability to impact reproductive status in aquatic organisms. The current study utilized in vitro exposure of mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) testis tissue to either the aromatizable androgen 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) or the non-aromatizable androgen 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) over the course of 24 h to determine if there were differential effects on steroidogenic gene expression. Testis tissue was exposed to androgen concentrations of 10-12 M, 10-9 M and 10-6 M for 6, 12, 18 or 24 h, after which a suite of steroidogenic genes, including steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3βhsd) and cytochrome P450 17A1 (cyp17a1), were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Both androgens affected steroidogenic gene expression, with most alterations occurring at the 24-hour time point. The gene with the highest fold-change, and shortest interval to expression alteration, was 3βhsd for both androgens. Potential differences between the two model androgens were observed in increased expression of cyp17a1 and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βhsd), which were only altered after exposure to DHT and in expression levels of cytochrome P450 11A1 (cyp11a1), which was upregulated by MT but not altered by DHT. Results from this study show both androgens interact at the gonadal level of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis and may possess some distinct gene expression impacts. These data strengthen the current research initiatives of establishing in vitro test systems that allow toxic potential of untested chemicals to be predicted from molecular perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Rutherford
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada.
| | - Andrea Lister
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Deborah MacLatchy
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
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18
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Thompson RR, Mangiamele LA. Rapid sex steroid effects on reproductive responses in male goldfish: Sensory and motor mechanisms. Horm Behav 2018; 104:52-62. [PMID: 29777656 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Contribution to Special Issue on Fast effects of steroids. Although we have learned a great deal about the molecular mechanisms through which sex steroids rapidly affect cellular physiology, we still know little about the links between those mechanisms and behavioral output, nor about their functional consequences in natural contexts. In this review, we first briefly discuss the contexts associated with rapid effects of sex steroids on reproductive behaviors and their likely functional outcomes, as well the sensory, motor, and motivational mechanisms associated with those effects. We then discuss our recent studies on the rapid effects of testosterone in goldfish. Those studies indicate that testosterone, through its aromatization and the subsequent activation of estrogen receptors, rapidly stimulates physiological processes related to the release of milt/sperm through likely influences on motor pathways, as well as behavioral responses to female visual stimuli that may reflect, in part, influences on early stages of sensory processing. Such motor and sensory mechanism are likely important for sperm competition and mate detection / tracking, respectively, in competitive mating contexts. We also present preliminary data on rapid effects of testosterone on responses to pheromones that may not involve estrogen receptors, suggesting a dissociation in the receptor mechanisms that mediate behavioral responses in different sensory modalities. Lastly, we briefly discuss the implications of our work on unresolved questions about rapid sex steroid neuromodulation in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richmond R Thompson
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME 04011, United States.
| | - Lisa A Mangiamele
- Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, North Hampton, MA 01063, United States
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Cloning, partial sequencing and expression analysis of the neural form of P450 aromatase (cyp19a1b) in the South America catfish Rhamdia quelen. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 221-222:11-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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Hinfray N, Sohm F, Caulier M, Chadili E, Piccini B, Torchy C, Porcher JM, Guiguen Y, Brion F. Dynamic and differential expression of the gonadal aromatase during the process of sexual differentiation in a novel transgenic cyp19a1a-eGFP zebrafish line. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018. [PMID: 28648994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In zebrafish, there exists a clear need for new tools to study sex differentiation dynamic and its perturbation by endocrine disrupting chemicals. In this context, we developed and characterized a novel transgenic zebrafish line expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the zebrafish cyp19a1a (gonadal aromatase) promoter. In most gonochoristic fish species including zebrafish, cyp19a1a, the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of estrogens, has been shown to play a critical role in the processes of reproduction and sexual differentiation. This novel cyp19a1a-eGFP transgenic line allowed a deeper characterization of expression and localization of cyp19a1a gene in zebrafish gonads both at the adult stage and during development. At the adult stage, GFP expression was higher in ovaries than in testis. We showed a perfect co-expression of GFP and endogenous Cyp19a1a protein in gonads that was mainly localized in the cytoplasm of peri-follicular cells in the ovary and of Leydig and germ cells in the testis. During development, GFP was expressed in all immature gonads of 20 dpf-old zebrafish. Then, GFP expression increased in early differentiated female at 30 and 35dpf to reach a high GFP intensity in well-differentiated ovaries at 40dpf. On the contrary, males consistently displayed low GFP expression as compared to female whatever their stage of development, resulting in a clear dimorphic expression between both sexes. Interestingly, fish that undergoes ovary-to-testis transition (35 and 40dpf) presented GFP levels similar to males or intermediate between females and males. In this transgenic line our results confirm that cyp19a1a is expressed early during development, before the histological differentiation of the gonads, and that the down-regulation of cyp19a1a expression is likely responsible for the testicular differentiation. Moreover, we show that although cyp19a1a expression exhibits a clear dimorphic expression pattern in gonads during sexual differentiation, its expression persists whatever the sex suggesting that estradiol synthesis is important for gonadal development of both sexes. Monitoring the expression of GFP in control and exposed-fish will help determine the sensitivity of this transgenic line to EDCs and to refine mechanistic based-assays for the study of EDCs. In fine, this transgenic zebrafish line will be a useful tool to study physiological processes such as reproduction and sexual differentiation, and their perturbations by EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Hinfray
- INERIS, Direction des Risques Chroniques, Pole VIVA, Unite d'ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.
| | - Frédéric Sohm
- UMS AMAGEN, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Morgane Caulier
- INERIS, Direction des Risques Chroniques, Pole VIVA, Unite d'ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Edith Chadili
- INERIS, Direction des Risques Chroniques, Pole VIVA, Unite d'ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Benjamin Piccini
- INERIS, Direction des Risques Chroniques, Pole VIVA, Unite d'ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Camille Torchy
- INERIS, Direction des Risques Chroniques, Pole VIVA, Unite d'ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Jean-Marc Porcher
- INERIS, Direction des Risques Chroniques, Pole VIVA, Unite d'ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Yann Guiguen
- INRA, UR1037, Laboratoire de Physiologie et de Génomique des Poissons (LPGP), IFR140, Ouest-Genopole, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - François Brion
- INERIS, Direction des Risques Chroniques, Pole VIVA, Unite d'ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.
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21
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Jeng SR, Wu GC, Yueh WS, Kuo SF, Dufour S, Chang CF. Gonadal development and expression of sex-specific genes during sex differentiation in the Japanese eel. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 257:74-85. [PMID: 28826812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The process of gonadal development and mechanism involved in sex differentiation in eels are still unclear. The objectives were to investigate the gonadal development and expression pattern of sex-related genes during sex differentiation in the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. For control group, the elvers of 8-10cm were reared for 8months; and for feminization, estradiol-17β (E2) was orally administered to the elvers of 8-10cm for 6months. Only males were found in the control group, suggesting a possible role of environmental factors in eel sex determination. In contrast, all differentiated eels in E2-treated group were female. Gonad histology revealed that control male eels seem to differentiate through an intersexual stage, while female eels (E2-treated) would differentiate directly from an undifferentiated gonad. Tissue distribution and sex-related genes expression during gonadal development were analyzed by qPCR. The vasa, figla and sox3 transcripts in gonads were significantly increased during sex differentiation. High vasa expression occurred in males; figla and sox3 were related to ovarian differentiation. The transcripts of dmrt1 and sox9a were significantly increased in males during testicular differentiation and development. The cyp19a1 transcripts were significantly increased in differentiating and differentiated gonads, but did not show a differential expression between the control and E2-treated eels. This suggests that cyp19a1 is involved both in testicular differentiation and development in control males, and in the early stage of ovarian differentiation in E2-treated eels. Importantly, these results also reveal that cyp19a1 is not a direct target for E2 during gonad differentiation in the eel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Ru Jeng
- Department of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, 811, Taiwan.
| | - Guan-Chung Wu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Shiun Yueh
- Department of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, 811, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Kuo
- Department of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, 811, Taiwan
| | - Sylvie Dufour
- Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UNICAEN, UA, CNRS 7208, IRD 207, Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems (BOREA), 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Ching-Fong Chang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan.
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Schroeder AL, Ankley GT, Habib T, Garcia-Reyero N, Escalon BL, Jensen KM, Kahl MD, Durhan EJ, Makynen EA, Cavallin JE, Martinovic-Weigelt D, Perkins EJ, Villeneuve DL. Rapid effects of the aromatase inhibitor fadrozole on steroid production and gene expression in the ovary of female fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 252:79-87. [PMID: 28736226 PMCID: PMC6010346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 aromatase catalyzes conversion of C19 androgens to C18 estrogens and is critical for normal reproduction in female vertebrates. Fadrozole is a model aromatase inhibitor that has been shown to suppress estrogen production in the ovaries of fish. However, little is known about the early impacts of aromatase inhibition on steroid production and gene expression in fish. Adult female fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed via water to 0, 5, or 50µg fadrozole/L for a time-course of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6h, or 0 or 50µg fadrozole/L for a time-course of 6, 12, and 24h. We examined ex vivo ovarian 17β-estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) production, and plasma E2 concentrations from each study. Expression profiles of genes known or hypothesized to be impacted by fadrozole including aromatase (cytochrome P450 [cyp] 19a1a), steriodogenic acute regulatory protein (star), cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage (cyp11a), cytochrome P450 17 alpha hydroxylase/17,20 lyase (cyp17), and follicle stimulating hormone receptor (fshr) were measured in the ovaries by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QPCR). In addition, broader ovarian gene expression was examined using a 15k fathead minnow microarray. The 5µg/L exposure significantly reduced ex vivo E2 production by 6h. In the 50µg/L treatment, ex vivo E2 production was significantly reduced after just 2h of exposure and remained depressed at all time-points examined through 24h. Plasma E2 concentrations were significantly reduced as early as 4h after initiation of exposure to either 5 or 50µg fadrozole/L and remained depressed throughout 24h in the 50µg/L exposure. Ex vivo T concentrations remained unchanged throughout the time-course. Expression of transcripts involved in steroidogenesis increased within the first 24h suggesting rapid induction of a mechanism to compensate for fadrozole inhibition of aromatase. Microarray results also showed fadrozole exposure caused concentration- and time-dependent changes in gene expression profiles in many HPG-axis pathways as early as 4h. This study provides insights into the very rapid effects of aromatase inhibition on steroidogenic processes in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony L Schroeder
- University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Water Resources Center, 1985 Lower Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Gerald T Ankley
- US Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Tanwir Habib
- Badger Technical Services, San Antonio, TX 78216, USA
| | - Natalia Garcia-Reyero
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center - Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS 39180, United States
| | - Barbara L Escalon
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center - Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS 39180, United States
| | - Kathleen M Jensen
- US Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Michael D Kahl
- US Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Durhan
- US Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Makynen
- US Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Jenna E Cavallin
- US Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Dalma Martinovic-Weigelt
- University of St. Thomas, Department of Biology, Mail OWS 390, 2115 Summit Ave, St. Paul, MN 55105, United States
| | - Edward J Perkins
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center - Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS 39180, United States
| | - Daniel L Villeneuve
- US Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Duluth, MN, USA.
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23
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Johnson KM, Lema SC. Temporal patterns of induction and recovery of biomarker transcriptional responses to 4-Nonylphenol and 17β-estradiol in the estuarine arrow goby, Clevelandia ios. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:1513-1529. [PMID: 27696670 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Several estuaries along the Pacific Ocean coast of North America were identified recently as having elevated 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) in sediments and biota, raising concerns about reproductive impacts for wildlife given 4-NP's established estrogenic activity as an endocrine-disrupting compound. Here we characterize 4-NP mediated induction and recovery of estrogen-sensitive gene transcripts in the arrow goby (Clevelandia ios), an intertidal fish abundant in estuarine mud flats on the west coast of North America. Male gobies were exposed to waterborne 4-NP at 10 μg/L or 100 μg/L for 20 days followed by a 20 day depuration period. Additional males were treated with 17β-estradiol (E2; 50 ng/L). 4-NP at 100 μg/L elevated hepatic mRNAs encoding vitellogenins A (vtgA) and C (vtgC) and choriogenin L (chgL) within 72 h, and choriogenin H minor (chgHm) within 12 days. Hepatic mRNAs encoding estrogen receptor alpha (esr1) were also elevated after 12 days of 4-NP exposure, but returned to pre-exposure levels at 20 days even under continuing 4-NP treatment. 4-NP did not alter mRNA levels of estrogen receptor gamma (esr2a) in the liver, or of esr1, esr2a, and cytochrome P450 aromatase B (cyp19a1b) in the brain. The temporal pattern of initial induction for hepatic vtgA, vtgC, and chgL transcripts by 4-NP mirrored the pattern by E2, while chgHm and esr1 mRNA induction by 4-NP lagged 2-11 days behind the responses of these transcripts to E2. These findings establish 4-NP concentration- and time-dependent induction patterns of choriogenin and vitellogenin transcription following exposure to environmentally relevant 4-NP concentrations, while concurrently demonstrating tissue-specific induction patterns for esr1 by estrogenic compounds. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1513-1529, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin M Johnson
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, 93407, USA
| | - Sean C Lema
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, 93407, USA
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24
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Zhang H, Lu L, Zhu M, Zhang F, Sheng X, Yuan Z, Han Y, Watanabe G, Taya K, Weng Q. Seasonal expression of P450arom and estrogen receptors in scented glands of muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus). Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 312:R380-R387. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00458.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Male muskrats have one pair of scented glands that grow and involute annually. To investigate the annual changes in the scented gland, we measured the expressions of aromatase cytochrome P-450 (P450arom) and estrogen receptors (ERs) in the scented glands. P450arom was expressed in glandular cells and epithelial cells in the scented glands during the breeding season, and only in glandular cells during the nonbreeding season. ERα and ERβ were also detected in different types of cells in the scented gland during the breeding and nonbreeding seasons. Both mRNA and protein levels of P450arom, ERα, and ERβ were higher in the scented glandular tissues during the breeding season than those during the nonbreeding season. In addition, small RNA sequencing showed that the predicted targets of the significantly changed microRNAs might be the genes encoding P450arom and ERs. In conclusion, the seasonal changes in the expression of P450arom and ERs may be involved in the regulation of scented gland functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolin Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing Peoples Republic of China; and
| | - Lu Lu
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing Peoples Republic of China; and
| | - Manyu Zhu
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing Peoples Republic of China; and
| | - Fengwei Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing Peoples Republic of China; and
| | - Xia Sheng
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing Peoples Republic of China; and
| | - Zhengrong Yuan
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing Peoples Republic of China; and
| | - Yingying Han
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing Peoples Republic of China; and
| | - Gen Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Taya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Qiang Weng
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing Peoples Republic of China; and
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25
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Gong Y, Tian H, Dong Y, Zhang X, Wang W, Ru S. An in vivo assay performed using multiple biomarkers related to testosterone synthesis and conversion for assessing the androgenic potency of refuse leachate. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 135:82-89. [PMID: 27716536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Refuse leachate is likely an important source of androgens. However, common in vitro bioassays underestimate the potential androgenic activity of leachate, owing to non-receptor-mediated mechanisms that modify the balance of sex hormones and promote the accumulation of endogenous androgens. This study aimed to develop an in vivo assay by using multiple biomarkers related to testosterone synthesis and conversion for assessing the potential androgenic activity of refuse leachate sampled from a municipal solid waste treatment plant in Qingdao, China. The results indicated that exposure to leachate increased the levels of testosterone and luteinizing hormone, but decreased those of 17β-estradiol in both male and female goldfish (Carassius auratus), suggesting a potential androgenic activity. Further, Leydig cell hyperplasia and decreased gonadal P450 aromatase mRNA levels were observed; these alterations might promote the biosynthesis of testosterone and hinder the conversion of testosterone to 17β-estradiol, which in turn enhance testosterone accumulation. Exposure to leachate also resulted in reproductive impairments, including decreased gonadosomatic index and plasma vitellogenin levels of female goldfish, as well as decreased testicular enzyme activities in male goldfish. The integrated use of biochemical, molecular, and histological markers not only improved our understanding of the androgenic effects of leachate but also verified the reliability and validity of the results. Therefore, the in vivo bioassay described in this study might allow the investigation of the androgenic effects of other complex contaminant mixtures in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Gong
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hua Tian
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yifei Dong
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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26
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Meng S, Qiu L, Hu G, Fan L, Song C, Zheng Y, Wu W, Qu J, Li D, Chen J, Xu P. Effects of methomyl on steroidogenic gene transcription of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad-liver axis in male tilapia. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 165:152-162. [PMID: 27643660 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Male tilapia were exposed to sub-lethal methomyl concentrations of 0, 0.2, 2, 20 or 200 μg/L for 30 d, and were subsequently cultured in methomyl-free water for 18 d. Relative transcript abundance of steroidogenic genes involved in the HPGL axis of male tilapia was examined at 30 d in the exposure test and at 18 d in the recovery test. The results revealed that low concentrations of methomyl (0.2 and 2 μg/L) did not cause significant changes in gene mRNA levels in the HPGL axis of male tilapia; thus, we considered 2 μg/L concentrations as the level that showed no apparent adverse endocrine disruption effects. However, higher concentrations of methomyl (20 and 200 μg/L) disrupted the endocrine system and caused significant increase in the levels of GnRH2, GnRH3, ERα, and ERβ genes in the hypothalamus, GnRHR and FSHβ genes in the pituitary, CYP19a, FSHR, and ERα genes in the testis, and VTG and ERα genes in the liver, and significantly decreased the levels of LHR, StAR, 3β-HSD, and ARα genes in the testis and LHβ gene in the pituitary, leading to changes in sex steroid hormone and vitellogenin levels in the serum and ultimately resulting in reproductive dysfunction in male tilapia. The recovery tests showed that the toxicity effect caused by 20 μg/L methomyl was reversible; however, the toxicity effect at 200 μg/L of methomyl was irreversible after 18 d. Therefore, we concluded that 200 μg/L was the threshold concentration for methomyl-induced irreversible endocrine disruption in male tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShunLong Meng
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - LiPing Qiu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - GengDong Hu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - LiMin Fan
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Chao Song
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Yao Zheng
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Wei Wu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - JianHong Qu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - DanDan Li
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - JiaZhang Chen
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, PR China.
| | - Pao Xu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, PR China.
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27
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Mills LJ, Henderson WM, Jayaraman S, Gutjahr-Gobell RE, Zaroogian GE, Horowitz DB, Laws SC. Approaches for predicting effects of unintended environmental exposure to an endocrine active pharmaceutical, tamoxifen. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:1834-1850. [PMID: 26303313 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tamoxifen is an endocrine-active pharmaceutical (EAP) that is used world-wide. Because tamoxifen is a ubiquitous pharmaceutical and interacts with estrogen receptors, a case study was conducted with this compound to (1) determine effects on reproductive endpoints in a nontarget species (i.e., a fish), (2) compare biologically-active metabolites across species, (3) assess whether in vitro assays predict in vivo results, and (4) investigate metabolomic profiles in tamoxifen-treated fish to better understand the biological mechanisms of tamoxifen toxicity. In reproductive assays, tamoxifen exposure caused a significant reduction in egg production and significantly increased ovarian aromatase activity in spawning adult cunner fish (Tautogolabrus adspersus). In plasma from tamoxifen-exposed cunner, the predominant metabolite was 4-hydroxytamoxifen, while in rats it was N-desmethyltamoxifen. Because 4-hydroxytamoxifen is a more biologically active metabolite than N-desmethyltamoxifen, this difference could result in a different level of risk for the two species. The results of in vitro assays with fish hepatic microsomes to assess tamoxifen metabolism did not match in vivo results, indicating probable differences in excretion of tamoxifen metabolites in fish compared with rats. For the first time, a complete in vitro characterization of the metabolism of tamoxifen using fish microsomes is presented. Furthermore, a metabolomic investigation of cunner gonad extracts demonstrates that tamoxifen alters the biochemical profile in this nontarget species. Understanding the consequence of tamoxifen exposure in nontarget species, and assessing the discrepancies between sex- and species-mediated endpoints, is a step toward understanding how to accurately assess the risks posed by EAPs, such as tamoxifen, in the aquatic environment. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1834-1850, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley J Mills
- Atlantic Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), Office of Research and Development (ORD), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), Narragansett, Rhode Island, 02882, USA
| | - W Matthew Henderson
- Ecosystems Research Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory (NERL), ORD, U.S. EPA, Athens, Georgia, 30605, USA
| | - Saro Jayaraman
- Atlantic Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), Office of Research and Development (ORD), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), Narragansett, Rhode Island, 02882, USA
| | - Ruth E Gutjahr-Gobell
- Atlantic Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), Office of Research and Development (ORD), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), Narragansett, Rhode Island, 02882, USA
| | - Gerald E Zaroogian
- Atlantic Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), Office of Research and Development (ORD), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), Narragansett, Rhode Island, 02882, USA
| | - Doranne Borsay Horowitz
- Atlantic Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), Office of Research and Development (ORD), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), Narragansett, Rhode Island, 02882, USA
| | - Susan C Laws
- Toxicity Assessment Division, NHEERL, ORD, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, USA
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28
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Bradley BJ, Snowdon CT, McGrew WC, Lawler RR, Guevara EE, McIntosh A, O'Connor T. Non-human primates avoid the detrimental effects of prenatal androgen exposure in mixed-sex litters: combined demographic, behavioral, and genetic analyses. Am J Primatol 2016; 78:1304-1315. [PMID: 27434275 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Producing single versus multiple births has important life history trade-offs, including the potential benefits and risks of sharing a common in utero environment. Sex hormones can diffuse through amniotic fluid and fetal membranes, and females with male littermates risk exposure to high levels of fetal testosterone, which are shown to have masculinizing effects and negative fitness consequences in many mammals. Whereas most primates give birth to single offspring, several New World monkey and strepsirrhine species regularly give birth to small litters. We examined whether neonatal testosterone exposure might be detrimental to females in mixed-sex litters by compiling data from long-term breeding records for seven primate species (Saguinus oedipus; Varecia variegata, Varecia rubra, Microcebus murinis, Mirza coquereli, Cheirogaleus medius, Galago moholi). Litter sex ratios did not differ from the expected 1:2:1 (MM:MF:FF for twins) and 1:2:2:1 (MMM:MMF:MFF:FFF for triplets). Measures of reproductive success, including female survivorship, offspring-survivorship, and inter-birth interval, did not differ between females born in mixed-sex versus all-female litters, indicating that litter-producing non-human primates, unlike humans and rodents, show no signs of detrimental effects from androgen exposure in mixed sex litters. Although we found no evidence for CYP19A1 gene duplications-a hypothesized mechanism for coping with androgen exposure-aromatase protein evolution shows patterns of convergence among litter-producing taxa. That some primates have effectively found a way to circumvent a major cost of multiple births has implications for understanding variation in litter size and life history strategies across mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda J Bradley
- Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia. .,Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
| | - Charles T Snowdon
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - William C McGrew
- Department of Archaeology & Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Richard R Lawler
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia
| | - Elaine E Guevara
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Annick McIntosh
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Timothy O'Connor
- Institute for Genome Sciences and Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, Maryland
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29
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Pellegrini E, Diotel N, Vaillant-Capitaine C, Pérez Maria R, Gueguen MM, Nasri A, Cano Nicolau J, Kah O. Steroid modulation of neurogenesis: Focus on radial glial cells in zebrafish. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 160:27-36. [PMID: 26151741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens are known as steroid hormones affecting the brain in many different ways and a wealth of data now document effects on neurogenesis. Estrogens are provided by the periphery but can also be locally produced within the brain itself due to local aromatization of circulating androgens. Adult neurogenesis is described in all vertebrate species examined so far, but comparative investigations have brought to light differences between vertebrate groups. In teleost fishes, the neurogenic activity is spectacular and adult stem cells maintain their mitogenic activity in many proliferative areas within the brain. Fish are also quite unique because brain aromatase expression is limited to radial glia cells, the progenitor cells of adult fish brain. The zebrafish has emerged as an interesting vertebrate model to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of adult neurogenesis, and notably its modulation by steroids. The main objective of this review is to summarize data related to the functional link between estrogens production in the brain and neurogenesis in fish. First, we will demonstrate that the brain of zebrafish is an endogenous source of steroids and is directly targeted by local and/or peripheral steroids. Then, we will present data demonstrating the progenitor nature of radial glial cells in the brain of adult fish. Next, we will emphasize the role of estrogens in constitutive neurogenesis and its potential contribution to the regenerative neurogenesis. Finally, the negative impacts on neurogenesis of synthetic hormones used in contraceptive pills production and released in the aquatic environment will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Pellegrini
- Inserm U1085, Université de Rennes 1, Research Institute in Health, Environment and Occupation, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Nicolas Diotel
- Inserm U1085, Université de Rennes 1, Research Institute in Health, Environment and Occupation, 35000 Rennes, France; Inserm UMR 1188, Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), plateforme CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde F-97490, France; Université de La Réunion, UMR 1188, Sainte-Clotilde F-97490, France
| | - Colette Vaillant-Capitaine
- Inserm U1085, Université de Rennes 1, Research Institute in Health, Environment and Occupation, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Rita Pérez Maria
- Inserm U1085, Université de Rennes 1, Research Institute in Health, Environment and Occupation, 35000 Rennes, France; Laboratorio de Ictiología, Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI. CONICET-UNL), Paraje El Pozo, Ciudad Universitaria UNL, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Marie-Madeleine Gueguen
- Inserm U1085, Université de Rennes 1, Research Institute in Health, Environment and Occupation, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Ahmed Nasri
- Inserm U1085, Université de Rennes 1, Research Institute in Health, Environment and Occupation, 35000 Rennes, France; Laboratoire de Biosurveillance de l'Environnement, Unité d'Ecologie côtière et d'Ecotoxicologie, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisia
| | - Joel Cano Nicolau
- Inserm U1085, Université de Rennes 1, Research Institute in Health, Environment and Occupation, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Kah
- Inserm U1085, Université de Rennes 1, Research Institute in Health, Environment and Occupation, 35000 Rennes, France
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30
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Zheng Y, Chen J, Liu Y, Gao J, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Bing X, Gao Z, Liang H, Wang Z. Molecular mechanism of endocrine system impairment by 17α-methyltestosterone in gynogenic Pengze crucian carp offspring. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 128:143-152. [PMID: 26938152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of synthetic androgen 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) on endocrine impairment were examined in crucian carp. Immature 7-month old mono-female Pengze crucian carp (Pcc) F2 offspring were exposed to 50 and 100 μg/L of MT (week 2, 4, and 8). Gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index and intestine weight altered considerably and oocyte development was repressed. In the treatment groups, ovarian 11-ketotestosterone decreased, whereas 17β-estradiol and testosterone increased, and ovarian aromatase activities increased at week 4. However, in the brain tissue, those values significantly decreased. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated changes in steroid receptor genes and upregulation of steroidogenic genes (Pcc-3bhsd, Pcc-11bhsd2 Pcc-cyp11a1), while the other three steroidogenic genes (Pcc-cyp17a1, Pcc-cyp19a1a and Pcc-star) decreased from week 4 to week 8. Ovarian, hepatic Pcc-vtg B and vitellogenin concentration increased in both 50 and 100 μg/L of MT exposure groups. This study adds further information regarding the effects of androgens on the development of previtellogenic oocytes, which suggests that MT could directly target estrogen signaling pathway, or indirectly affect steroidogenesis and vitellogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Key Open Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Resources of Inland Fisheries, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, China; Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, HZAU, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiazhang Chen
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Key Open Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Resources of Inland Fisheries, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, China; Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiancao Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yanping Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Key Open Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Resources of Inland Fisheries, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, China; Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xuwen Bing
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Key Open Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Resources of Inland Fisheries, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, China; Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Zexia Gao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, HZAU, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongwei Liang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430223, China
| | - Zaizhao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Bai J, Gong W, Wang C, Gao Y, Hong W, Chen SX. Dynamic methylation pattern of cyp19a1a core promoter during zebrafish ovarian folliculogenesis. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2016; 42:947-954. [PMID: 26719066 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In vertebrates, the aromatase coded by the cyp19a1a gene can catalyze the conversion from androgens to estrogens. Thus, the regulatory mechanisms of cyp19a1a gene expression are a critical research field in reproductive endocrinology. In this study, we use zebrafish as a model to study the dynamic methylation levels of the cyp19a1a gene core promoter during zebrafish ovarian folliculogenesis. The results show that there is an apparent fluctuation of the methylation levels of zebrafish cyp19a1a core promoter. Moreover, the methylation levels are inversely correlated with the expression levels of cyp19a1a transcripts when the ovarian follicles develop from PV into the MV stage. Also, the CpG dinucleotides which are close to the transcriptional starting site may have provided a significant blocking effect on inhibiting the transcriptional function of RNA polymerase II. Taken together, the results from the present study strongly suggest that DNA methylation was one of mechanisms that are involved in the regulation of cyp19a1a gene expression during folliculogenesis. This methylation mechanism modifying transcriptional process accompanied with zebrafish ovarian folliculogenesis might also shed new light on the regulation of cyp19a1a expression during the ovarian developmental stage in other vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Bai
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Weida Gong
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Cuili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yida Gao
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Wanshu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Shi Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
- Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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Roy Moulik S, Pal P, Majumder S, Mallick B, Gupta S, Guha P, Roy S, Mukherjee D. Gonadotropin and sf-1 regulation of cyp19a1a gene and aromatase activity during oocyte development in the rohu, L. rohita. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2016; 196:1-10. [PMID: 26916215 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450arom), a product of cyp19a1 gene, plays pivotal roles in vertebrate steroidogenesis and reproduction. In this study, we isolated partial cDNA encoding the ovarian (cyp19a1a) and brain (cyp19a1b) P450arom genes from adult female rohu, Labeo rohita and investigated the regulation of cyp19a1a by gonadotropin and SF-1. The cyp19a1a and cyp19a1b were expressed predominantly in the ovary and brain respectively, with quantity of the former attuned to reproductive cycle. To elucidate gonadotropin regulation of cyp19a1a mRNA expression and P450 aromatase activity for 17β-estradiol (E2) biosynthesis in vitro by the vitellogenic ovarian follicles, time- and dose-dependent studies were conducted with HCG and porcine FSH. Results demonstrated that HCG stimulated significantly higher expression of cyp19a1a mRNA and aromatase activity leading to increased biosynthesis of E2 than FSH. To understand the involvement of SF-1 to in the regulation of cyp19a1a and aromatase activity, ovarian follicles were incubated with increasing concentrations of HCG and expression of sf1gene and activation of SF-1 protein were measured. Results demonstrated that HCG significantly induced expression of sf-1 gene and activation of SF-1 protein suggesting a link between SF-1 and P450 aromatase activation in this fish ovary during gonadotropin-induced steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Roy Moulik
- Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India; Department of Zoology, Chandernagore College, Chandannagar, Hooghly, West Bengal 712136, India
| | - Puja Pal
- Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India; Department of Zoology, Taki Government College, Taki, Hasnabad, West Bengal 743429, India
| | - Suravi Majumder
- Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Buddhadev Mallick
- Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Shreyasi Gupta
- Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Payel Guha
- Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Sibsankar Roy
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Dilip Mukherjee
- Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India.
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Goldstone JV, Sundaramoorthy M, Zhao B, Waterman MR, Stegeman JJ, Lamb DC. Genetic and structural analyses of cytochrome P450 hydroxylases in sex hormone biosynthesis: Sequential origin and subsequent coevolution. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 94:676-687. [PMID: 26432395 PMCID: PMC4801120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of steroid hormones in vertebrates involves three cytochrome P450 hydroxylases, CYP11A1, CYP17A1 and CYP19A1, which catalyze sequential steps in steroidogenesis. These enzymes are conserved in the vertebrates, but their origin and existence in other chordate subphyla (Tunicata and Cephalochordata) have not been clearly established. In this study, selected protein sequences of CYP11A1, CYP17A1 and CYP19A1 were compiled and analyzed using multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis. Our analyses show that cephalochordates have sequences orthologous to vertebrate CYP11A1, CYP17A1 or CYP19A1, and that echinoderms and hemichordates possess CYP11-like but not CYP19 genes. While the cephalochordate sequences have low identity with the vertebrate sequences, reflecting evolutionary distance, the data show apparent origin of CYP11 prior to the evolution of CYP19 and possibly CYP17, thus indicating a sequential origin of these functionally related steroidogenic CYPs. Co-occurrence of the three CYPs in early chordates suggests that the three genes may have coevolved thereafter, and that functional conservation should be reflected in functionally important residues in the proteins. CYP19A1 has the largest number of conserved residues while CYP11A1 sequences are less conserved. Structural analyses of human CYP11A1, CYP17A1 and CYP19A1 show that critical substrate binding site residues are highly conserved in each enzyme family. The results emphasize that the steroidogenic pathways producing glucocorticoids and reproductive steroids are several hundred million years old and that the catalytic structural elements of the enzymes have been conserved over the same period of time. Analysis of these elements may help to identify when precursor functions linked to these enzymes first arose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared V Goldstone
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | | | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
| | - Michael R Waterman
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
| | - John J Stegeman
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
| | - David C Lamb
- Institute of Life Science, Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
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Tokarz J, Möller G, Hrabě de Angelis M, Adamski J. Steroids in teleost fishes: A functional point of view. Steroids 2015; 103:123-44. [PMID: 26102270 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Steroid hormones are involved in the regulation of a variety of processes like embryonic development, sex differentiation, metabolism, immune responses, circadian rhythms, stress response, and reproduction in vertebrates. Teleost fishes and humans show a remarkable conservation in many developmental and physiological aspects, including the endocrine system in general and the steroid hormone related processes in particular. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge about steroid hormone biosynthesis and the steroid hormone receptors in teleost fishes and compares the findings to the human system. The impact of the duplicated genome in teleost fishes on steroid hormone biosynthesis and perception is addressed. Additionally, important processes in fish physiology regulated by steroid hormones, which are most dissimilar to humans, are described. We also give a short overview on the influence of anthropogenic endocrine disrupting compounds on steroid hormone signaling and the resulting adverse physiological effects for teleost fishes. By this approach, we show that the steroidogenesis, hormone receptors, and function of the steroid hormones are reasonably well understood when summarizing the available data of all teleost species analyzed to date. However, on the level of a single species or a certain fish-specific aspect of physiology, further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Tokarz
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Möller
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; Member of German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; Member of German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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35
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Chaube R, Rawat A, Joy KP. Molecular cloning and characterization of brain and ovarian cytochrome P450 aromatase genes in the catfish Heteropneustes fossilis: Sex, tissue and seasonal variation in, and effects of gonadotropin on gene expression. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 221:120-33. [PMID: 26144886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 aromatase (Cyp19arom) is the rate-limiting enzyme controlling estrogen biosynthesis, coded by Cyp19a1 in most gnathostomes. Most teleosts have two forms expressed differentially in ovary (cyp19a1a) and neural tissue (cyp19a1b). In this study, full length cDNAs of 2006 bp and 1913 bp with ORFs of 1575 bp and 1488 bp were isolated from the brain and ovary, respectively, of the catfish Heteropneustes fossilis, an air-breathing species with high aquaculture potential. The ORFs encode predicted proteins of 495 and 524 amino acid residues, respectively. The proteins show 62% identity with each other and cluster in two distinct clades (the brain type and ovary type) in the teleost taxon, separated from the tetrapod type. In the in situ localization study, both cyp19a1a and cyp19a1b transcripts were localized in the brain but the signal intensity was higher for the brain type paralog. The transcript signals were observed in the radial glial cells and in neuronal populations of the dorso-lateral region of the telencephalon, pre-tectum, hypothalamus and medulla oblongata. In the ovary, both paralogs were expressed in the follicular layer with a high signal intensity of the ovarian type (cyp19a1a). The differential expression of the gene paralogs was evident from qPCR analysis. Cyp19a1b has relatively a high abundance in the female brain, followed by other peripheral tissues (gonads, liver, gill, kidney and muscle). On the other hand, cyp19a1a has relatively a high transcript abundance in the ovary and female brain, followed by the testis and male brain, and female liver and muscle. The expression was low in male liver and muscle, and the lowest in the gill and kidney. The expression of the two paralogs exhibit brain regional differences; both types have relatively a high transcript abundance in telencephalon-preoptic area with the cyp19a1b expression higher in females than males. In hypothalamus, the expression of both types is higher in males than females. In medulla, the expression of the cyp19a1b is higher than cyp19a1a, and the transcript abundance of the ovarian type is higher in females than males. The expression of the gene paralogs elicits significant seasonal variations in the ovary and brain. In both tissues, the expression increases from the resting to preparatory phases, and decreases through the prespawning phase to low levels in spawning phase. In vivo and/or in vitro treatments with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulated the expression of the gene paralogs in the brain and ovary, time-dependently. In conclusion, both paralogs have an overlapping distribution at different levels of the brain-pituitary-gonad axis and may function as a single functional unit as far as the estrogen synthesis is concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Chaube
- Zoology Department, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Arpana Rawat
- Department of Zoology, Centre of Advanced Study, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Keerrikkattil P Joy
- Department of Zoology, Centre of Advanced Study, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Caulier M, Brion F, Chadili E, Turies C, Piccini B, Porcher JM, Guiguen Y, Hinfray N. Localization of steroidogenic enzymes and Foxl2a in the gonads of mature zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 188:96-106. [PMID: 26099948 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In zebrafish, the identification of the cells expressing steroidogenic enzymes and their regulators is far from completely fulfilled though it could provide crucial information on the elucidation of the role of these enzymes. The aim of this study was to better characterize the expression pattern of steroidogenic enzymes involved in estrogen and androgen production (Cyp17-I, Cyp11c1, Cyp19a1a and Cyp19a1b) and one of their regulators (Foxl2a) in zebrafish gonads. By using immunohistochemistry, we localized the steroid-producing cells in mature zebrafish gonads and determined different expression patterns between males and females. All these steroidogenic enzymes and Foxl2a were detected both in the testis and ovary. In the testis, they were all localized both in Leydig and germ cells except Cyp19a1b which was only detected in germ cells. In the ovary, Cyp17-I, Cyp19a1a and Foxl2a were immunolocalized in both somatic and germ cells while Cyp19a1b was only detected in germ cells and Cyp11c1 in somatic cells. Moreover, Cyp19a1a and Foxl2a did not display exactly the same patterns of spatial localization but their expressions were correlated suggesting a possible regulation of cyp19a1a gene by Foxl2a in zebrafish. Comparative analysis revealed a dimorphic expression of Cyp11c1, Cyp19a1a, Cyp19a1b and Foxl2a between males and females. Overall, our study provides a detailed description of the expression of proteins involved in the biosynthesis of steroidal hormones at the cellular scale within gonads, which is critical to further elucidating the intimate roles of the enzymes and the use of the zebrafish as a model in the field of endocrinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Caulier
- INERIS, Direction des Risques Chroniques, Pole VIVA, Unite d'ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - François Brion
- INERIS, Direction des Risques Chroniques, Pole VIVA, Unite d'ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Edith Chadili
- INERIS, Direction des Risques Chroniques, Pole VIVA, Unite d'ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Cyril Turies
- INERIS, Direction des Risques Chroniques, Pole VIVA, Unite d'ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Benjamin Piccini
- INERIS, Direction des Risques Chroniques, Pole VIVA, Unite d'ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Jean-Marc Porcher
- INERIS, Direction des Risques Chroniques, Pole VIVA, Unite d'ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Yann Guiguen
- INRA, UR1037, Laboratoire de Physiologie et de Génomique des Poissons (LPGP), IFR140, Ouest-Genopole, F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Nathalie Hinfray
- INERIS, Direction des Risques Chroniques, Pole VIVA, Unite d'ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.
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Delalande C, Goupil AS, Lareyre JJ, Le Gac F. Differential expression patterns of three aromatase genes and of four estrogen receptors genes in the testes of trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Mol Reprod Dev 2015; 82:694-708. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Delalande
- Normandie Univ; France
- UNICAEN, EA 2608; France
- INRA USC 1377; 14032 CAEN cedex 5; France
| | - Anne-Sophie Goupil
- INRA, UR1037 Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons; SFR BIOSIT; Biogenouest; 35042 Rennes France
| | - Jean-Jacques Lareyre
- INRA, UR1037 Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons; SFR BIOSIT; Biogenouest; 35042 Rennes France
| | - Florence Le Gac
- INRA, UR1037 Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons; SFR BIOSIT; Biogenouest; 35042 Rennes France
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Kroon FJ, Hook SE, Jones D, Metcalfe S, Henderson B, Smith R, Warne MSJ, Turner RD, McKeown A, Westcott DA. Altered transcription levels of endocrine associated genes in two fisheries species collected from the Great Barrier Reef catchment and lagoon. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 104:51-61. [PMID: 25617679 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is chronically exposed to agricultural run-off containing pesticides, many of which are known endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Here, we measure mRNA transcript abundance of two EDC biomarkers in wild populations of barramundi (Lates calcarifer) and coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus and Plectropomus maculatus). Transcription levels of liver vitellogenin (vtg) differed significantly in both species amongst sites with different exposures to agricultural run-off; brain aromatase (cyp19a1b) revealed some differences for barramundi only. Exposure to run-off from sugarcane that contains pesticides is a likely pathway given (i) significant associations between barramundi vtg transcription levels, catchment sugarcane land use, and river pesticide concentrations, and (ii) consistency between patterns of coral trout vtg transcription levels and pesticide distribution in the GBR lagoon. Given the potential consequences of such exposure for reproductive fitness and population dynamics, these results are cause for concern for the sustainability of fisheries resources downstream from agricultural land uses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharon E Hook
- CSIRO Land and Water, Kirrawee, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Dean Jones
- CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Atherton, Queensland 4883, Australia
| | | | - Brent Henderson
- CSIRO Computational Informatics, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Rachael Smith
- Queensland Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and The Arts, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Michael St J Warne
- Queensland Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and The Arts, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Ryan D Turner
- Queensland Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and The Arts, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Adam McKeown
- CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Smithfield, Queensland 4870, Australia
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Gennotte V, Mélard C, D'Cotta H, Baroiller JF, Rougeot C. The sensitive period for male-to-female sex reversal begins at the embryonic stage in the Nile tilapia and is associated with the sexual genotype. Mol Reprod Dev 2014; 81:1146-58. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Gennotte
- Aquaculture Research and Education Center (CEFRA); AFFISH-RC; University of Liège; Tihange Belgium
| | - Charles Mélard
- Aquaculture Research and Education Center (CEFRA); AFFISH-RC; University of Liège; Tihange Belgium
| | - Helena D'Cotta
- UMR Intrepid; Department Persyst; CIRAD; Campus International de Baillarguet; Montpellier France
| | - Jean-François Baroiller
- UMR Intrepid; Department Persyst; CIRAD; Campus International de Baillarguet; Montpellier France
| | - Carole Rougeot
- Aquaculture Research and Education Center (CEFRA); AFFISH-RC; University of Liège; Tihange Belgium
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40
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Leonard JA, Cope WG, Barnhart MC, Bringolf RB. Metabolomic, behavioral, and reproductive effects of the aromatase inhibitor fadrozole hydrochloride on the unionid mussel Lampsilis fasciola. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2014; 206:213-26. [PMID: 25072892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Androgen-induced masculinization of female aquatic biota poses concerns for natural population stability. This research evaluated the effects of a twelve day exposure of fadrozole hydrochloride on the metabolism and reproductive status of the unionid mussel Lampsilis fasciola. Although this compound is not considered to be widespread in the aquatic environment, it was selected as a model aromatase (enzyme that converts testosterone to estradiol) inhibitor. Adult mussels were exposed to a control and 3 concentrations of fadrozole (2μg/L, 20μg/L, and 50μg/L), and samples of gill tissue were taken on days 4 and 12 for metabolomics analysis. Gills were used because of the variety of critical processes they mediate, such as feeding, ion exchange, and siphoning. Daily observed mussel behavior included female mantle display, foot protrusion, siphoning, and larval (glochidia) releases. Glochidia mortality was significantly higher in the 20μg/L treatment. Fewer conglutinate (packets of glochidia) releases were observed in the 50μg/L treatment, and mortality was highly correlated to release numbers. Foot protrusion was significantly higher in females in nearly all treatments, including the control, during the first 4days of observations. However, this sex difference was observed only in the 50μg/L treatment during the last 8days. Generally, metabolites were significantly altered in female gill tissue in the 2μg/L treatment whereas males were mostly affected only at the highest (50μg/L) treatment. Both sexes also revealed significant reductions in fadrozole-induced metabolic effects in gill tissue sampled after 12days compared to tissue sampled after 4days, indicating time-dependent mechanisms of disruptions in metabolic pathways and homeostatic processes to compensate for such disruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Leonard
- Department of Applied Ecology, Box 7617, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States.
| | - W Gregory Cope
- Department of Applied Ecology, Box 7617, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - M Christopher Barnhart
- Department of Biology, 901 South Avenue, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897, United States
| | - Robert B Bringolf
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 East Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, United States
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Zhang Y, Zhang S, Lu H, Zhang L, Zhang W. Genes encoding aromatases in teleosts: evolution and expression regulation. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2014; 205:151-8. [PMID: 24859258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 aromatases, encoded by cyp19a1 genes, catalyzes the conversion of androgens to estrogens and plays important roles in the reproduction of vertebrates. Vertebrate cyp19a1 genes showed high synteny in chromosomal locations and conservation in sequences during evolution. However, amphioxus cyp19a1 does not show synteny to vertebrate cyp19a1. Teleost fish possess two copies of the cyp19a1 gene, which were postulated to result from a fish-specific genome duplication. The duplicated copies of fish cyp19a1 genes evolved into the brain and ovarian forms of cytochrome P450 aromatase genes, cyp19a1a and cyp19a1b, respectively, with different regulatory mechanisms of expression, through subfunctionalization under long-term selective pressure. In addition to the estradiol (E2) auto-regulatory loop, there may be other mechanisms responsible for the high expression of aromatase in the teleost brain. The study of the two cyp19a1 copies in teleost fish will shed light on the general evolution, function, and regulation of vertebrate cyp19a1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Shen Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Huijie Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| | - Weimin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
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42
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Aromatase, estrogen receptors and brain development in fish and amphibians. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2014; 1849:152-62. [PMID: 25038582 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens affect brain development of vertebrates, not only by impacting activity and morphology of existing circuits, but also by modulating embryonic and adult neurogenesis. The issue is complex as estrogens can not only originate from peripheral tissues, but also be locally produced within the brain itself due to local aromatization of androgens. In this respect, teleost fishes are quite unique because aromatase is expressed exclusively in radial glial cells, which represent pluripotent cells in the brain of all vertebrates. Expression of aromatase in the brain of fish is also strongly stimulated by estrogens and some androgens. This creates a very intriguing positive auto-regulatory loop leading to dramatic aromatase expression in sexually mature fish with elevated levels of circulating steroids. Looking at the effects of estrogens or anti-estrogens in the brain of adult zebrafish showed that estrogens inhibit rather than stimulate cell proliferation and newborn cell migration. The functional meaning of these observations is still unclear, but these data suggest that the brain of fish is experiencing constant remodeling under the influence of circulating steroids and brain-derived neurosteroids, possibly permitting a diversification of sexual strategies, notably hermaphroditism. Recent data in frogs indicate that aromatase expression is limited to neurons and do not concern radial glial cells. Thus, until now, there is no other example of vertebrates in which radial progenitors express aromatase. This raises the question of when and why these new features were gained and what are their adaptive benefits. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Nuclear receptors in animal development.
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43
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Shen ZG, Wang HP. Molecular players involved in temperature-dependent sex determination and sex differentiation in Teleost fish. Genet Sel Evol 2014; 46:26. [PMID: 24735220 PMCID: PMC4108122 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9686-46-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that underlie sex determination and differentiation are conserved and diversified. In fish species, temperature-dependent sex determination and differentiation seem to be ubiquitous and molecular players involved in these mechanisms may be conserved. Although how the ambient temperature transduces signals to the undifferentiated gonads remains to be elucidated, the genes downstream in the sex differentiation pathway are shared between sex-determining mechanisms. In this paper, we review recent advances on the molecular players that participate in the sex determination and differentiation in fish species, by putting emphasis on temperature-dependent sex determination and differentiation, which include temperature-dependent sex determination and genetic sex determination plus temperature effects. Application of temperature-dependent sex differentiation in farmed fish and the consequences of temperature-induced sex reversal are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Han-Ping Wang
- Aquaculture Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, The Ohio State University South Centers, Piketon, Ohio 45661, USA.
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44
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Mills LJ, Gutjahr-Gobell RE, Zaroogian GE, Horowitz DB, Laws SC. Modulation of aromatase activity as a mode of action for endocrine disrupting chemicals in a marine fish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 147:140-150. [PMID: 24418745 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The steroidogenic enzyme aromatase catalyzes the conversion of androgens to estrogens and therefore plays a central role in reproduction. In contrast to most vertebrates, teleost fish have two distinct forms of aromatase. Because brain aromatase activity in fish is up to 1000 times that in mammals, fish may be especially susceptible to negative effects from environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that impact aromatase activity. In this study, the effects of estradiol (E2), ethynylestradiol (EE2), octylphenol (OP), and androstatrienedione (ATD) on reproduction and aromatase activity in brains and gonads from the marine fish cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus) was investigated. The purpose of the study was to explore the relationship between changes in aromatase activity and reproductive output in a marine fish, as well as compare aromatase activity to two commonly used indicators of EDC exposure, plasma vitellogenin (VTG) and gonadosomatic index (GSI). Results with E2, EE2, and ATD indicate that aromatase activity in cunner brain and ovary are affected differently by exposure to these EDCs. In the case of E2 and EE2, male brain aromatase activity was signficantly increased by these treatments, female brain aromatase activity was unaffected, and ovarian aromatase activity was significantly decreased. Treatment with the aromatase inhibitor ATD resulted in significantly decreased aromatase activity in male and female brain, but had no significant impact on ovarian aromatase activity. Regardless of test chemical, a decrease or an increase in male brain aromatase activity relative to controls was associated with decreased egg production in cunner and was also correlated with significant changes in GSI in both sexes. E2 and EE2 significantly elevated plasma VTG in males and females, while ATD had no significant effect. Treatment of cunner with OP had no significant effect on any measured endpoint. Overall, results with these exposures indicate EDCs that impact aromatase activity also affect reproductive output in spawning cunner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley J Mills
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Dr., Narragansett, RI 02882, United States.
| | - Ruth E Gutjahr-Gobell
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Dr., Narragansett, RI 02882, United States
| | - Gerald E Zaroogian
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Dr., Narragansett, RI 02882, United States
| | - Doranne Borsay Horowitz
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Dr., Narragansett, RI 02882, United States
| | - Susan C Laws
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Toxicity Assessment Division, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
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45
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Paul-Prasanth B, Bhandari RK, Kobayashi T, Horiguchi R, Kobayashi Y, Nakamoto M, Shibata Y, Sakai F, Nakamura M, Nagahama Y. Estrogen oversees the maintenance of the female genetic program in terminally differentiated gonochorists. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2862. [PMID: 24096556 PMCID: PMC3791451 DOI: 10.1038/srep02862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The sexual plasticity of the gonads is not retained after the completion of sex differentiation in vertebrates, except in some hermaphroditic species. Here, we report that the depletion of estradiol-17β (E2) by aromatase inhibitors (AI) for up to six months resulted in a functional female-to-male sex reversal in sexually-mature adults of two gonochoristic fish species, Nile tilapia and medaka. The sex-reversed fish showed a typical male pattern of E2 and androgen levels, secondary sexual characteristics, and male-like sex behavior, producing fertile sperm. Conversely, co-treatment of E2 inhibited AI-induced sex reversal. In situ hybridization of medaka gonads during AI-induced sex reversal indicated that cysts on the dorsal side of the adult ovaries are the origin of germ cells and Sertoli cells in the newly formed testicular tissue. Gonochoristic fish maintain their sexual plasticity until adulthood and E2 plays a critical role in maintaining the female phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Paul-Prasanth
- 1] Solution-Oriented Research for Science and Technology (SORST) [2] Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan [3] [4]
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46
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Nelson ER, Habibi HR. Estrogen receptor function and regulation in fish and other vertebrates. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 192:15-24. [PMID: 23583769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens, steroid hormones critically involved in reproductive processes of vertebrates, signal primarily through their intracellular estrogen receptors (ERs). The ERs belong to a superfamily of nuclear receptors that act as ligand inducible transcription factors. Herein, we review what is known about ER structure, subtypes, mechanism(s) of action and auto-regulation by estrogens. Focus is placed on the ER in fish but comparisons are made to mammals and other vertebrates. Finally, we provide context and a proposed model integrating our knowledge on autoregulation of the receptor and its functions in the liver. Future areas of study are suggested, along with cautions when designing experiments, especially for the detection of endocrine disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik R Nelson
- Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, LSRC Bldg, Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
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47
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Tokarz J, Möller G, de Angelis MH, Adamski J. Zebrafish and steroids: what do we know and what do we need to know? J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 137:165-73. [PMID: 23376612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish, Danio rerio, has long been used as a model organism in developmental biology. Nowadays, due to their advantages compared to other model animals, the fish gain popularity and are also increasingly used in endocrinology. This review focuses on an important aspect of endocrinology in zebrafish by summarizing the progress in steroid hormone related research. We present the state of the art of research on steroidogenesis, the action of steroid hormones, and steroid catabolism and cover the incremental usage of zebrafish as a test animal in endocrine disruption research. By this approach, we demonstrate that some aspects of steroid hormone research are well characterized (e.g., expression patterns of the genes involved), while other aspects such as functional analyses of enzymes, steroid hormone elimination, or the impact of steroid hormones on embryonic development or sex differentiation have not been extensively studied and are poorly understood. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'CSR 2013'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Tokarz
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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48
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Li M, Wang L, Wang H, Liang H, Zheng Y, Qin F, Liu S, Zhang Y, Wang Z. Molecular cloning and characterization of amh, dax1 and cyp19a1a genes and their response to 17α-methyltestosterone in Pengze crucian carp. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 157:372-81. [PMID: 23528270 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The proteins encoded by amh, dax1 and cyp19a1a play important roles in gonad differentiation. Their functions have been far less studied in teleosts. In this study, the full-length cDNAs of amh, dax1 and cyp19a1a were cloned and characterized in a triploid gynogenic fish, the Pengze crucian carp. Their expression profilings in juvenile development, adult tissues and juveniles exposed to 100 ng/L 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) were investigated. Results showed that their putative proteins shared high identities to their counterparts in cyprinid fish species, respectively. The tissue distribution results indicated that amh and cyp19a1a were predominantly expressed in the ovary and dax1 was dominantly expressed in the liver. Gene profiling in the developmental stages showed that all the three target genes had a consistent highest expression at 48 days post hatching (dph). The period of 48 dph appeared to be a key time during the process of the gonad development of Pengze crucian carp. 100 ng/L MT significantly increased the mRNA expression of amh at 2- and 4-week exposures and enhanced dax1 and cyp19a1a at 6-week exposure. The present study indicated that MT could influence the gonad development in Pengze crucian carp by disturbing sex-differentiation associated gene expression. Furthermore, the present study will be of great significance to broaden the understanding of molecular mechanisms of the physiological processes of reproduction in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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49
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Jeng SR, Yueh WS, Pen YT, Gueguen MM, Pasquier J, Dufour S, Chang CF, Kah O. Expression of aromatase in radial glial cells in the brain of the Japanese eel provides insight into the evolution of the cyp191a gene in Actinopterygians. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44750. [PMID: 22957105 PMCID: PMC3434150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyp19a1 gene that encodes aromatase, the only enzyme permitting conversion of C19 aromatizable androgens into estrogens, is present as a single copy in the genome of most vertebrate species, except in teleosts in which it has been duplicated. This study aimed at investigating the brain expression of a cyp19a1 gene expressed in both gonad and brain of Japanese eel, a basal teleost. By means of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, we show that cyp19a1 is expressed only in radial glial cells of the brain and in pituitary cells. Treatments with salmon pituitary homogenates (female) or human chorionic gonadotrophin (male), known to turn on steroid production in immature eels, strongly stimulated cyp19a1 messenger and protein expression in radial glial cells and pituitary cells. Using double staining studies, we also showed that aromatase-expressing radial glial cells exhibit proliferative activity in both the brain and the pituitary. Altogether, these data indicate that brain and pituitary expression of Japanese eel cyp19a1 exhibits characteristics similar to those reported for the brain specific cyp19a1b gene in teleosts having duplicated cyp19a1 genes. This supports the hypothesis that, despite the fact that eels also underwent the teleost specific genome duplication, they have a single cyp19a1 expressed in both brain and gonad. Such data also suggest that the intriguing features of brain aromatase expression in teleost fishes were not gained after the whole genome duplication and may reflect properties of the cyp19a1 gene of ancestral Actinopterygians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Ru Jeng
- Department of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Team NEED, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail, INSERM U1085, IFR140, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Wen-Shiun Yueh
- Department of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Pen
- Department of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Marie-Madeleine Gueguen
- Team NEED, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail, INSERM U1085, IFR140, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Jérémy Pasquier
- Research Unit BOREA, Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems, CNRS 7208/IRD 207/UPMC, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Dufour
- Research Unit BOREA, Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems, CNRS 7208/IRD 207/UPMC, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Ching-Fong Chang
- Research Unit BOREA, Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems, CNRS 7208/IRD 207/UPMC, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
- Department of Aquaculture, Center of Excellence for Marine Bioenvironment and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Olivier Kah
- Team NEED, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail, INSERM U1085, IFR140, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
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50
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Zhang Y, Zhang S, Zhou W, Ye X, Ge W, Cheng CHK, Lin H, Zhang W, Zhang L. Androgen rather than estrogen up-regulates brain-type cytochrome P450 aromatase (cyp19a1b) gene via tissue-specific promoters in the hermaphrodite teleost ricefield eel Monopterus albus. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 350:125-35. [PMID: 22178793 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
CYP19A1 in the brain and pituitary of vertebrates is important for reproductive and non-reproductive processes. In teleosts, it is broadly accepted that estradiol (E(2)) up-regulates cyp19a1b gene via a positive autoregulatory loop. Our present study, however, showed that E(2) did not up-regulate ricefield eel cyp19a1b in the hypothalamus and pituitary, whereas dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or testosterone (T) stimulated cyp19a1b expression only in the pituitary. Two tissue-specific promoters, namely promoter I and II directing the expression in the brain and pituitary respectively, were identified. Promoter I contained a non-consensus estrogen response element (ERE), and consequently did not respond to E(2). Promoter II contained an androgen response element (ARE) and consequently responded to DHT. Taken together, these results demonstrated a novel steroidal regulation of cyp19a1b gene expression and an alternative usage of tissue-specific cyp19a1b promoters in the brain and pituitary of a teleost species, the ricefield eel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
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