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Krieg L, Schaffert A, Kern M, Landgraf K, Wabitsch M, Beck-Sickinger AG, Körner A, Blüher M, von Bergen M, Schubert K. An MRM-Based Multiplexed Quantification Assay for Human Adipokines and Apolipoproteins. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040775. [PMID: 32054032 PMCID: PMC7070386 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipokines and apolipoproteins are key regulators and potential biomarkers in obesity and associated diseases and their quantitative assessment is crucial for functional analyses to understand disease mechanisms. Compared to routinely used ELISAs, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-based mass spectrometry allows multiplexing and detection of proteins for which antibodies are not available. Thus, we established an MRM method to quantify 9 adipokines and 10 apolipoproteins in human serum. We optimized sample preparation by depleting the two most abundant serum proteins for improved detectability of low abundant proteins. Intra-day and inter-day imprecision were below 16.5%, demonstrating a high accuracy. In 50 serum samples from participants with either normal weight or obesity, we quantified 8 adipokines and 10 apolipoproteins. Significantly different abundances were observed for five adipokines (adipsin, adiponectin, chemerin, leptin, vaspin) and four apolipoproteins (apo-B100/-C2/-C4/-D) between the body mass index (BMI) groups. Additionally, we applied our MRM assay to serum samples from normal weight children and human adipocyte cell culture supernatants to proof the feasibility for large cohort studies and distinct biological matrices. In summary, this multiplexed assay facilitated the investigation of relationships between adipokines or apolipoproteins and phenotypes or clinical parameters in large cohorts, which may contribute to disease prediction approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Krieg
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, UFZ, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (L.K.)
| | - Alexandra Schaffert
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, UFZ, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (L.K.)
| | - Matthias Kern
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 27b, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Landgraf
- Center for Pediatric Research, Hospital for Children & Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes, Ulm University Medical Center, Eythstraße 24 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Antje Körner
- Center for Pediatric Research, Hospital for Children & Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 27b, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, UFZ, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (L.K.)
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristin Schubert
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, UFZ, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (L.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Wang G, DiBari J, Bind E, Steffens AM, Mukherjee J, Azuine RE, Singh GK, Hong X, Ji Y, Ji H, Pearson C, Zuckerman BS, Cheng TL, Wang X. Association Between Maternal Exposure to Lead, Maternal Folate Status, and Intergenerational Risk of Childhood Overweight and Obesity. JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2:e1912343. [PMID: 31577354 PMCID: PMC6777254 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The first pediatric lead screening typically occurs at 1-year well-child care visits. However, data on the extent of maternal lead exposure and its long-term consequences for child health are lacking. OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations between maternal red blood cell (RBC) lead levels and intergenerational risk of overweight or obesity (OWO) and whether adequate maternal folate status is associated with a reduction in OWO risk. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Prospective birth cohort study. The analysis was conducted from July 14, 2018, to August 2, 2019, at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. This study included 1442 mother-child pairs recruited at birth from October 27, 2002, to October 10, 2013, and followed up prospectively at Boston Medical Center. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Child body mass index (BMI) z score, calculated according to US national reference data, and OWO, defined as BMI at or exceeding the 85th percentile for age and sex. Maternal RBC lead levels and plasma folate levels were measured in samples obtained 24 to 72 hours after delivery; child whole-blood lead level was obtained from the first pediatric lead screening. RESULTS The mean (SD) age of mothers and children was 28.6 (6.5) years and 8.1 (3.1) years, respectively; 50.1% of children were boys. The median maternal RBC lead level and plasma folate level were 2.5 (interquartile range [IQR], 1.7-3.8) μg/dL and 32.2 (IQR, 22.1-44.4) nmol/L, respectively. The median child whole-blood lead level and child BMI z score were 1.4 (IQR, 1.4-2.0) μg/dL and 0.78 (IQR, -0.08 to 1.71), respectively. Maternal RBC lead level was associated with child OWO risk in a dose-response fashion, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.65 (95% CI, 1.18-2.32) for high maternal RBC lead level (≥5.0 μg/dL) compared with low maternal RBC lead level (<2.0 μg/dL). Child OWO was highest among children of OWO mothers with high RBC lead levels (adjusted OR, 4.24; 95% CI, 2.64-6.82) compared with children of non-OWO mothers with low RBC lead levels. Children of OWO mothers with high RBC lead levels had 41% lower OWO risk (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.36-0.95; P = .03) if their mothers had adequate plasma folate levels (≥20.4 nmol/L) compared with their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this sample of a US urban population, findings suggest that maternal elevated lead exposure was associated with increased risk of intergenerational OWO independent of postnatal blood lead levels. Adequate maternal folate status appeared to be associated with lower OWO risk. If confirmed by additional studies, these findings have implications for prenatal lead screening and management to minimize adverse health consequences on children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Wang
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jessica DiBari
- Division of Research, Office of Epidemiology and Research, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Eric Bind
- Metals Laboratory, Environmental and Chemical Laboratory Services, State of New Jersey Department of Health, Trenton
| | - Andrew M. Steffens
- Metals Laboratory, Environmental and Chemical Laboratory Services, State of New Jersey Department of Health, Trenton
| | - Jhindan Mukherjee
- Metals Laboratory, Environmental and Chemical Laboratory Services, State of New Jersey Department of Health, Trenton
| | - Romuladus E. Azuine
- Division of Research, Office of Epidemiology and Research, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Gopal K. Singh
- Office of Health Equity, Health Resources and Services Administration, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Xiumei Hong
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yuelong Ji
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hongkai Ji
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Colleen Pearson
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Barry S. Zuckerman
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tina L. Cheng
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Wang G, Sun Q, Liang L, Clash C, Zhang C, Hong X, Ji Y, Radovick S, Pearson C, Bartell TR, Zuckerman B, Cheng TL, Hu FB, Wang X. Inter-generational link of obesity in term and preterm births: role of maternal plasma acylcarnitines. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 43:1967-1977. [PMID: 31332276 PMCID: PMC6900290 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0417-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Acylcarnitines, intermediates of fatty acid oxidation, are known to be involved in obesity and insulin resistance. Since maternal prepregnancy overweight or obesity (OWO) is a recognized major risk factor for offspring OWO, we hypothesized that maternal plasma acylcarnitines may play a role in inter-generational OWO. SUBJECTS/METHODS This study included 1402 mother-child pairs (1043 term, 359 preterm) recruited at birth from 1998–2013 and followed prospectively up to age 18 years at the Boston Medical Center. The primary outcomes were child OWO defined as BMI≥85th percentile for age and sex. The primary exposures were maternal prepregnancy OWO defined as BMI≥25 and maternal acylcarnitine levels measured in plasma samples collected soon after delivery using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in a targeted manner. RESULTS Approximately 40% of the children in this study were OWO by age 5. Maternal OWO had a significant association with childhood OWO, both in term and preterm births. β-hydroxybutyryl-carnitine (C4-OH) levels were significantly and positively associated with child OWO among term births after adjustment for potential confounders and multiple-comparisons. Children born to OWO mothers in the top tertile C4-OH levels were at highest risk of OWO: OR=3.78 (95%: 2.47, 5.79) as compared with those born to non-OWO mothers in the lowest tertile (P for interaction of maternal OWO and C4-OH= 0.035). In a four-way decomposition of mediation/interaction analysis, we estimated that C4-OH levels explained about 27% (se=0.08) of inter-generational OWO risk (P=0.001). In contrast, these associations were not observed in preterm births. CONCLUSIONS In this U.S. urban low-income birth cohort, we provide further evidence of the inter-generational link of OWO and reveal the differential role of C4-OH in explaining the inter-generational obesity between term and preterm births. Further investigations are warranted to better understand and prevent the inter-generational transmission of OWO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Wang
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qi Sun
- Departments of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clary Clash
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cuilin Zhang
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiumei Hong
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yuelong Ji
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sally Radovick
- Department of Pediatrics, The Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Colleen Pearson
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tami R Bartell
- Mary Ann & J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research, Outreach and Advocacy Center, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Barry Zuckerman
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tina L Cheng
- Division of General Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Division of General Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Anusha K, Hettiaratchi UPK, Athiththan LV, Perera PPR. Inter-relationship of serum leptin levels with selected anthropometric parameters among a non-diabetic population: a cross-sectional study. Eat Weight Disord 2019; 24:551-556. [PMID: 28688049 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-017-0413-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Association between serum leptin levels and anthropometric parameter is well established in western countries according to the specific WHO cut-off values assigned for those populations, whereas it is not clearly defined for Asians especially with respect to gender. Thus, the objectives of this study were to determine the relationship of serum leptin levels with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR) to identify the variations of serum leptin levels with gender and to evaluate the serum leptin levels in risk and non-risk groups based on their anthropometric values. SUBJECTS/METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out among 226 apparently healthy subjects (non-diabetics, age 20-70 years). Height, weight, WC, hip circumference (HC) and mid arm circumference (MAC) were measured. BMI, WHR, waist to height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. Fasting blood samples were collected. Serum leptin levels were measured using human leptin ELISA kits. RESULTS Majority of the participants were females (59.3%). Serum leptin levels were significantly higher in females (24.8 ± 17.1 ng/mL) compared to males (9.3 ± 7.9 ng/mL). Significant positive correlations (P < 0.05) were observed between serum leptin levels and all anthropometric parameters except height in both genders. The risk groups according to BMI, WC and WHR in females were hyperleptinaemic and had significantly (P < 0.05) higher serum leptin levels than the non-risk groups. CONCLUSIONS Linear trend was observed for serum leptin levels with weight, BMI, WC, HC, WHR, MAC and WHtR in both genders. Though the serum leptin levels were higher among risk groups, according to WHR, WC and BMI, the hyperleptinaemia was observed only among females. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE A descriptive cross-sectional study, Level V.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Anusha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - U P K Hettiaratchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
| | - L V Athiththan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - P P R Perera
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
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Wang G, Hu FB, Mistry KB, Zhang C, Ren F, Huo Y, Paige D, Bartell T, Hong X, Caruso D, Ji Z, Chen Z, Ji Y, Pearson C, Ji H, Zuckerman B, Cheng TL, Wang X. Association Between Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Plasma Folate Concentrations With Child Metabolic Health. JAMA Pediatr 2016; 170:e160845. [PMID: 27295011 PMCID: PMC5147730 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.0845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Previous reports have linked maternal prepregnancy obesity with low folate concentrations and child overweight or obesity (OWO) in separate studies. To our knowledge, the role of maternal folate concentrations, alone or in combination with maternal OWO, in child metabolic health has not been examined in a prospective birth cohort. OBJECTIVE To test the hypotheses that maternal folate concentrations can significantly affect child metabolic health and that sufficient maternal folate concentrations can mitigate prepregnancy obesity-induced child metabolic risk. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective birth cohort study was conducted at the Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts. It included 1517 mother-child dyads recruited at birth from 1998 to 2012 and followed up prospectively up to 9 years from 2003 to 2014. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Child body mass index z score calculated according to US reference data, OWO defined as a body mass index in the 85th percentile or greater for age and sex, and metabolic biomarkers (leptin, insulin, and adiponectin). RESULTS The mean (SD) age was 28.6 (6.5) years for mothers and 6.2 (2.4) years for the children. An L-shaped association between maternal folate concentrations and child OWO was observed: the risk for OWO was higher among those in the lowest quartile (Q1) as compared with those in Q2 through Q4, with an odds ratio of 1.45 (95% CI, 1.13-1.87). The highest risk for child OWO was found among children of obese mothers with low folate concentrations (odds ratio, 3.05; 95% CI, 1.91-4.86) compared with children of normal-weight mothers with folate concentrations in Q2 through Q4 after accounting for multiple covariables. Among children of obese mothers, their risk for OWO was associated with a 43% reduction (odds ratio, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.34-0.95) if their mothers had folate concentrations in Q2 through Q4 compared with Q1. Similar patterns were observed for child metabolic biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this urban low-income prospective birth cohort, we demonstrated an L-shaped association between maternal plasma folate concentrations and child OWO and the benefit of sufficient folate concentrations, especially among obese mothers. The threshold concentration identified in this study exceeded the clinical definition of folate deficiency, which was primarily based on the hematological effect of folate. Our findings underscore the need to establish optimal rather than minimal folate concentrations for preventing adverse metabolic outcomes in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Wang
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kamila B. Mistry
- Division of General Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cuilin Zhang
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agriculture University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Huo
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - David Paige
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tami Bartell
- Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xiumei Hong
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Deanna Caruso
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhicheng Ji
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhu Chen
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuelong Ji
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Colleen Pearson
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hongkai Ji
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Barry Zuckerman
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tina L. Cheng
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of General Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of General Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Perng W, Hajj H, Belfort MB, Rifas-Shiman SL, Kramer MS, Gillman MW, Oken E. Birth Size, Early Life Weight Gain, and Midchildhood Cardiometabolic Health. J Pediatr 2016; 173:122-130.e1. [PMID: 26995700 PMCID: PMC4884526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations of birth size and weight gain during 4 early-life age intervals with midchildhood adiposity and metabolic profile and to evaluate for an interaction between birth size and early-life weight gain. STUDY DESIGN Using data from 963 participants of Project Viva, a US prebirth cohort, we used multivariable linear regression to examine relations of birth size (tertiles of birthweight-for-gestational-age z-score) and weight gain (body mass index z-score [BMIZ] change) during 4 age intervals (birth-6 months, 6 months-1 year, 1-2 years, 2-3 years) with body composition and metabolic biomarkers during midchildhood (6.6-10.7 years). RESULTS After accounting for confounders and previous growth, greater BMIZ change during all 4 age intervals corresponded with higher midchildhood adiposity, with larger effect sizes for later (1-2 years and 2-3 years) vs earlier (birth-6 months and 6 months-1 year) time frames. We observed effect modification by birth size for the birth-6 months and 6 months-1 year intervals. Greater birth-6 months BMIZ change was associated with higher overall adiposity (0.40 [95% CI 0.29, 0.51] kg dual x-ray absorptiometry total fat mass per z-score) among children in the highest birth size tertile. Similar associations were observed for central adiposity. Each increment in 6 months-1 year BMIZ change corresponded with 0.55 (0.05, 1.05) units higher homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and 2.68 (0.96, 4.40) ng/mL higher leptin among the smallest infants. CONCLUSIONS BMIZ gain after 1 year is associated with greater midchildhood adiposity regardless of birth size, whereas the long-term influence of weight gain during the first postnatal year may depend on size at birth. Future studies are warranted to validate findings and examine relations with conventional birth size cut-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Perng
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI.
| | - Hanine Hajj
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Mandy B Belfort
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School/Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Michael S Kramer
- Departments of Pediatrics and Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Matthew W Gillman
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School/Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Emily Oken
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School/Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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Li S, Liu R, Arguelles L, Wang G, Zhang J, Shen X, Wang X. Adiposity trajectory and its associations with plasma adipokine levels in children and adolescents-A prospective cohort study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:408-16. [PMID: 26704698 PMCID: PMC4731239 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the associations of longitudinal adiposity measures with two adipokines, leptin and adiponectin, and their ratio in children and adolescents. METHODS A total of 953 children and adolescents participated in a 6-year longitudinal study. Body mass index (BMI), percentage body fat (%BF), and fat mass index (FMI) were used to assess adiposity status. RESULTS After adjusting for possible confounders, our regression models revealed that BMI, %BF, and FMI, in both the baseline and follow-up surveys were independently associated with a higher level of leptin and the leptin/adiponectin ratio at the follow-up survey, whereas the significant association with adiponectin only partly existed in adiposity measures at the follow-up visit. Moreover, the longitudinal change in adiposity measures was found to be a significant predictor for follow-up plasma adipokine levels. Compared with the low→low group, the medium→medium group, up-trend group, and high→high group all showed a significantly increased level of leptin and leptin/adiponectin ratio. The up-trend group and high→high group also had significantly decreased adiponectin levels. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the importance of adiposity surveillance and the utility of adipokines as biomarkers for adverse metabolic consequences of childhood adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghui Li
- MOE - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Mary Ann & J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Memorial Hospital of Chicago and Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute (formerly Children’s Memorial Hospital and Children’s Memorial Research Center), Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lester Arguelles
- Mary Ann & J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Memorial Hospital of Chicago and Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute (formerly Children’s Memorial Hospital and Children’s Memorial Research Center), Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Guoying Wang
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- MOE - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Shen
- MOE - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Liao C, Gao W, Cao W, Lv J, Yu C, Wang S, Zhou B, Pang Z, Cong L, Wang H, Wu X, Li L. Associations of Body Composition Measurements with Serum Lipid, Glucose and Insulin Profile: A Chinese Twin Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140595. [PMID: 26556598 PMCID: PMC4640552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To quantitate and compare the associations of various body composition measurements with serum metabolites and to what degree genetic or environmental factors affect obesity-metabolite relation. METHODS Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), lean body mass (LBM), percent body fat (PBF), fasting serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), glucose, insulin and lifestyle factors were assessed in 903 twins from Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR). Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated from fasting serum glucose and insulin. Linear regression models and bivariate structural equation models were used to examine the relation of various body composition measurements with serum metabolite levels and genetic/environmental influences on these associations, respectively. RESULTS At individual level, adiposity measurements (BMI, WC and PBF) showed significant associations with serum metabolite concentrations in both sexes and the associations still existed in male twins when using within-MZ twin pair comparison analyses. Associations of BMI with TG, insulin and HOMA-IR were significantly stronger in male twins compared to female twins (BMI-by-sex interaction p = 0.043, 0.020 and 0.019, respectively). Comparison of various adiposity measurements with levels of serum metabolites revealed that WC explained the largest fraction of variance in serum LDL-C, TG, TC and glucose concentrations while BMI performed best in explaining variance in serum HDL-C, insulin and HOMA-IR levels. Of these phenotypic correlations, 64-81% were attributed to genetic factors, whereas 19-36% were attributed to unique environmental factors. CONCLUSIONS We observed different associations between adiposity and serum metabolite profile and demonstrated that WC and BMI explained the largest fraction of variance in serum lipid profile and insulin resistance, respectively. To a large degree, shared genetic factors contributed to these associations with the remaining explained by twin-specific environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Liao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (LML); (WJG)
| | - Weihua Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengfeng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zengchang Pang
- Qingdao Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Liming Cong
- Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Jiangsu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianping Wu
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (LML); (WJG)
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Bhat A, Sebastiani G, Bhat M. Systematic review: Preventive and therapeutic applications of metformin in liver disease. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:1652-1659. [PMID: 26140084 PMCID: PMC4483546 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i12.1652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin, a biguanide derivative, is the most commonly prescribed medication in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. More recently, the use of metformin has shown potential as a preventive and therapeutic agent for a broad spectrum of conditions, including liver disease and hepatic malignancies. In this systematic review, we critically analyze the literature behind the potential use of metformin across the spectrum of liver disease and malignancies. The PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE databases were searched from 2000 to March 2015, using a combination of relevant text words and MeSH terms: metformin and mammalian target of rapamycin, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis B virus (HCV), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or cholangiocarcinoma. The search results were evaluated for pertinence to the issue of metformin in liver disease as well as for quality of study design. Metformin has a number of biochemical effects that would suggest a benefit in treating chronic liver diseases, particularly in the context of insulin resistance and inflammation. However, the literature thus far does not support any independent therapeutic role in NAFLD or HCV. Nonetheless, there is Level III evidence for a chemopreventive role in patients with diabetes and chronic liver disease, with decreased incidence of HCC and cholangiocarcinoma. The use of metformin seems to be safe in patients with cirrhosis, and provides a survival benefit. Once hepatic malignancies are already established, metformin does not offer any therapeutic potential. In conclusion, there is insufficient evidence to recommend use of metformin in the adjunctive treatment of chronic liver diseases, including NAFLD and HCV. However, there is good evidence for a chemopreventive role against HCC among patients with diabetes and chronic liver disease, and metformin should be continued in patients even with cirrhosis to provide this benefit.
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10
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Dosaev T, Prakash J, Livshits G. Contribution of body composition components and soft-tissue biochemical factors to genetic variation of body mass index (BMI) in an ethnically homogeneous population. Am J Hum Biol 2014; 26:760-7. [PMID: 25043681 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Elevated BMI results from an excess of not only fat mass (FM) but also fat-free soft tissue mass (FFM). Both components of body soft tissue, FM, and FFM, are now considered as active endocrine organs. The major aim of this study was to explore the genetic architecture of BMI, considering genetic variations of its major soft tissue components, and the main biochemical factors associated with their corresponding metabolism: leptin, adiponectin, E-selectin, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein, IGFBP-1. METHODS A total of 1,502 apparently healthy individuals (783 men, 719 women) from 359 ethnically homogeneous families were assessed anthropometrically for body composition. Model-based quantitative genetic analyses were implemented to reveal genetic and shared environmental factors affecting the variation and covariation of the studied phenotypes. RESULTS We found that inter-individual variation in BMI is strongly correlated with both body composition components (r > 0.92, P < 0.001). These correlations are caused by shared genetic and environmental factors that were interpreted to be a direct result of the intimate genetic and environmental correlations between FM and FFM. The latter were also significantly correlated with leptin, E-selectin, and IGFBP-1. However, whereas leptin displayed both genetic and environmental correlations with both FM and FFM, their correlations with E-selectin were caused only by common genes, and with IGFBP-1-only by a shared environment. CONCLUSIONS This study clearly suggests that FM and FFM contributed almost equally to BMI variation, and provides evidence that this contribution is caused by common genetic as well as shared environmental and metabolic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasbulat Dosaev
- Department of Anatomy, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Kazakhstan
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11
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Wang G, Divall S, Radovick S, Paige D, Ning Y, Chen Z, Ji Y, Hong X, Walker SO, Caruso D, Pearson C, Wang MC, Zuckerman B, Cheng TL, Wang X. Preterm birth and random plasma insulin levels at birth and in early childhood. JAMA 2014; 311:587-96. [PMID: 24519298 PMCID: PMC4392841 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2014.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Although previous reports have linked preterm birth with insulin resistance in children and adults, it is not known whether altered insulin homeostasis is detectable at birth and tracks from birth through childhood. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether preterm birth is associated with elevated plasma insulin levels at birth and whether this association persists into early childhood. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A prospective birth cohort of 1358 children recruited at birth from 1998 to 2010 and followed-up with prospectively from 2005 to 2012 at the Boston Medical Center in Massachusetts. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Random plasma insulin levels were measured at 2 time points: at birth (cord blood) and in early childhood (venous blood). The median age was 1.4 years (interquartile range [IQR], 0.8-3.3) among 4 gestational age groups: full term (≥39 wk), early term (37-38 wk), late preterm (34-36 wk), and early preterm (<34 wk). RESULTS The geometric mean of insulin levels at birth were 9.2 µIU/mL (95% CI, 8.4-10.0) for full term; 10.3 µIU/mL (95% CI, 9.3-11.5) for early term; 13.2 µIU/mL (95% CI, 11.8-14.8) for late preterm; and 18.9 µIU/mL (95% CI, 16.6-21.4) for early preterm. In early childhood, these levels were 11.2 µIU/mL (95% CI, 10.3-12.0) for full term; 12.4 µIU/mL (95% CI, 11.3-13.6) for early term; 13.3 µIU/mL (95% CI, 11.9-14.8) for late preterm; and 14.6 µIU/mL (95% CI, 12.6-16.9) for early preterm. Insulin levels at birth were higher by 1.13-fold (95% CI, 0.97-1.28) for early term, 1.45-fold (95% CI, 1.25-1.65) for late preterm, and 2.05-fold (95% CI, 1.69-2.42) for early preterm than for those born full term. In early childhood, random plasma insulin levels were 1.12-fold (95% CI, 0.99-1.25) higher for early term, 1.19-fold (95% CI, 1.02-1.35) for late preterm, and 1.31-fold (95% CI, 1.10-1.52) for early preterm than those born full term. The association was attenuated after adjustment for postnatal weight gain and was not significant after adjustment for insulin levels at birth. Infants ranked in the top insulin tertile at birth were more likely to remain in the top tertile (41.2%) compared with children ranked in the lowest tertile (28.6%) in early childhood. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE There was an inverse association between gestational age and elevated plasma insulin levels at birth and in early childhood. The implications for future development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Wang
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sara Divall
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sally Radovick
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Paige
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yi Ning
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Zhu Chen
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yuelong Ji
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiumei Hong
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sheila O. Walker
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Deanna Caruso
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Colleen Pearson
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mei-Cheng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Barry Zuckerman
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tina L. Cheng
- Division of General Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of General Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Genetic and Environmental Correlations Between Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference in China: The Qingdao Adolescent Twin Study. Behav Genet 2013; 43:340-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10519-013-9597-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Belcher BR, Chou CP, Nguyen-Rodriguez ST, Hsu YW, Byrd-Williams CE, McClain AD, Weigensberg MJ, Spuijt-Metz D. Leptin predicts a decline in moderate to vigorous physical activity in minority female children at risk for obesity. Pediatr Obes 2013; 8:70-7. [PMID: 22991241 PMCID: PMC3527645 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-6310.2012.00091.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED What is already known about this subject Physical activity declines as children enter puberty. Leptin is cross-sectionally associated with physical activity, but there are conflicting findings on the magnitude and direction of this association. Leptin concentrations fluctuate during puberty, and may impact energy balance. What this study adds Leptin predicts the decline in physical activity during the start of puberty independent of central adiposity. Based on a median split of leptin, girls with low leptin levels have higher levels of physical activity than girls with high leptin levels at the start of puberty. Leptin levels at the start of puberty may provide a biological basis for the age-related physical activity decline in girls. BACKGROUND Leptin may influence moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) at the start of puberty. The direction and magnitude of this association are unclear. OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of baseline leptin on MVPA over 1 year in minority girls at high risk for obesity. METHODS Data came from TRANSITIONS, a longitudinal observational study on the age-related MVPA decline. Fifty peripubertal girls aged 8-11 years at baseline participated. Baseline leptin (ng mL(-1) ) was collected via a duplicated assay using a double antibody radio immune assay. MVPA (min d(-1) ) was measured using accelerometers for at least four 10-h days on a quarterly basis for up to 1 year. RESULTS Continuous leptin was negatively related to MVPA (P = 0.001) independent of central adiposity at baseline and predicted the MVPA decline over 1 year (P = 0.002). For descriptive purposes, baseline leptin was dichotomized at the sample median into 'high leptin' and 'low leptin' categories to determine whether MVPA trajectories differed between these groups. Girls with 'low leptin' at baseline had significantly higher levels of MPVA at baseline, visit 1 and visit 2 compared to girls with 'high leptin'. CONCLUSIONS High leptin levels predicted nearly a 12.6% decline in MVPA over 1 year. These findings provide support for the biological basis of declining MVPA as girls enter puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britni R. Belcher
- Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Chih-Ping Chou
- Institute for Prevention Research, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Selena T. Nguyen-Rodriguez
- NCLR/CSULB Center for Latino Community Health, Evaluation & Leadership Training, Department of Health Science, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA
| | - Ya-Wen Hsu
- College of Health & Information, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | | | - Arianna D. McClain
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Marc J. Weigensberg
- Institute for Prevention Research, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Donna Spuijt-Metz
- Institute for Prevention Research, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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The role of metformin in the management of NAFLD. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2011; 2012:716404. [PMID: 22194737 PMCID: PMC3238361 DOI: 10.1155/2012/716404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disorder worldwide. Its prevalence ranges 10–24% in the general population, reaching 60–95% and 28–55% in obese and diabetic patients, respectively. Although the etiology of NAFLD is still unclear, several lines of evidences have indicated a pathogenetic role of insulin resistance in this disorder. This concept has stimulated several clinical studies where antidiabetic drugs, such as insulin sensitizers including metformin, have been evaluated in insulin-resistant, NAFLD patients. These studies indicate that metformin might be of benefit in the treatment of NAFLD, also in nondiabetic patients, when associated to hypocaloric diet and weight control. However, the heterogeneity of these studies still prevents us from reaching firm conclusions about treatment guidelines. Moreover, metformin could have beneficial tissue-specific effects in NAFLD patients irrespective of its effects as insulin sensitizer.
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16
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Wang H, Necheles J, Birne JS, Li Z, Xing H, Tang G, Christoffel KK, Brickman WJ, Zimmerman D, Wang X. Association of adipokines with blood pressure in rural Chinese adolescents. J Hum Hypertens 2011; 26:493-501. [PMID: 21716317 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2011.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that adipokines influence blood pressure (BP). Limited data exist in healthy adolescents, who are in a critical period for preventing the development of high BP. This study investigated the association of leptin, adiponectin and the leptin-to-adiponectin ratio (LAR) with BP in rural Chinese adolescents. This report included 1245 adolescents (average body mass index: 19.3 kg m(-2)) aged 13-21 years from an established twin cohort. We examined gender-specific associations between plasma adipokines and BP, with adjustment for measures of adiposity and insulin resistance (IR). We estimated the genetic contribution to adipokines using the twin design and Cholesky decomposition models. There was no correlation between leptin and adiponectin levels. Leptin was positively associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) in males and diastolic blood pressure in females, but the association disappeared after adjusting for adiposity and IR. LAR was positively associated with SBP (β(s.e.): 1.94(0.45)), P<0.01), adiponectin was negatively associated with SBP (β(s.e.): -2.18(0.63)), P<0.001) only in males, and such associations were independent of adiposity and IR. A test of gender × adiponectin interaction was significant (P=0.01). Heritability estimation showed that both environmental and genetic factors contribute to variance in adipokines. In these relatively lean Chinese adolescents, leptin was positively associated with BP in both genders, but was adiposity/IR dependent. Adiponectin was negatively associated with SBP in males, independent of adiposity/IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- The Mary Ann and J Milburn Smith Child Health Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Children's Memorial Hospital and Children's Memorial Research Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Liu S, Richards SM, Lo K, Hatton M, Fay A, Sullivan DA. Changes in gene expression in human meibomian gland dysfunction. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011; 52:2727-40. [PMID: 21372006 PMCID: PMC3088560 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10-6482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) may be the leading cause of dry eye syndrome throughout the world. However, the precise mechanism(s) underlying the pathogenesis of this disease is unclear. This study was conducted to identify meibomian gland genes that may promote the development and/or progression of human MGD. METHODS Lid tissues were obtained from male and female MGD patients and age-matched controls after eyelid surgeries (e.g., to correct entropion or ectropion). Meibomian glands were isolated and processed for RNA extraction and the analysis of gene expression. RESULTS The results show that MGD is associated with significant alterations in the expression of almost 400 genes in the human meibomian gland. The levels of 197 transcripts, including those encoding various small proline-rich proteins and S100 calcium-binding proteins, are significantly increased, whereas the expression of 194 genes, such as claudin 3 and cell adhesion molecule 1, is significantly decreased. These changes, which cannot be accounted for by sex differences, are accompanied by alterations in many gene ontologies (e.g., keratinization, cell cycle, and DNA repair). The findings also show that the human meibomian gland contains several highly expressed genes that are distinct from those in an adjacent tissue (i.e., conjunctival epithelium). CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that MGD is accompanied by multiple changes in gene expression in the meibomian gland. The nature of these alterations, including the upregulation of genes encoding small proline-rich proteins and S100 calcium-binding proteins, suggest that keratinization plays an important role in the pathogenesis of MGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Liu
- From the Schepens Eye Research Institute
- the Department of Ophthalmology, and
| | - Stephen M. Richards
- From the Schepens Eye Research Institute
- the Department of Ophthalmology, and
| | - Kristine Lo
- the Department of Ophthalmology, and
- the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Mark Hatton
- From the Schepens Eye Research Institute
- the Department of Ophthalmology, and
- Ophthalmic Consultants of Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aaron Fay
- the Department of Ophthalmology, and
- the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - David A. Sullivan
- From the Schepens Eye Research Institute
- the Department of Ophthalmology, and
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is a growing worldwide health problem affecting both adults and children. Effective prevention and treatment modalities can be achieved by understanding the pathogenesis of obesity better. This review addresses some of the issues related to the hormones and cytokines taking part in the pathogenesis of obesity, energy balance and inflammation. DESIGN We reviewed current literature on this broad subject especially concentrating on the functions of the hormones and cytokines taking part in the pathogenesis of the childhood obesity. Using the key words obesity, children, hormones, cytokines publications and cross references were evaluated from PubMed database between 1957 and 2009. RESULTS In children, leptin and ghrelin are two hormones which have major influence on energy balance. Leptin is responsible from long term regulation of energy balance and ghrelin functions as an appetite stimulatory signal. In contrast to ghrelin, obestatin acts as an anorexigenic hormone by suppressing food intake. Adipokines secreted from adipose tissue are the key regulators of inflammation in obesity. Increased TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels but decreased levels of adiponectin and IL-10 are associated with increased inflammation, tissue injury and complications of obesity. CONCLUSIONS Development, pathogenesis and complications of childhood obesity consist of complex mechanisms including numerous cytokines and hormones. New treatment modalities depend on understanding these complex mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Arslan
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
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Bundy V, Johnson M, Gutin B, Zhu H, Stallmann-Jorgensen I, Dong Y. Adiponectin moderates the relationship between adiposity and leptin in adolescents regardless of gender or race. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2011; 24:119-24. [PMID: 21648277 PMCID: PMC3909950 DOI: 10.1515/jpem.2011.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine gender or race differences in associations between adiposity and leptin, and whether adiponectin moderates these relationships. METHODS Subjects were 441 adolescents, 14-18 years old (44% black, 56% white; 50% female, 50% male). Percent body fat (%BF) was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Leptin and adiponectin were measured using immunoassays. RESULTS Among the four groups (white boys, white girls, black boys and black girls), white girls had the highest adiponectin (p = 0.0017) and black girls had the highest leptin (p = 0.0164). Percent BF and leptin were positively correlated (p = 0.0164). The %BF-leptin relationship was stronger in boys than girls (p < 0.0001). Those with lower adiponectin had a stronger %BF-leptin relationship than those with high adiponectin in the entire sample (p = 0.0220). Statistical models were adjusted for age, race, gender and the interaction between race and gender. CONCLUSION Our data suggest a protective metabolic interaction for adiponectin and lend additional support for obesity prevention strategies in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Bundy
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Kuroda M, Ohta M, Okufuji T, Takigami C, Eguchi M, Hayabuchi H, Ikeda M. Frequency of soup intake and amount of dietary fiber intake are inversely associated with plasma leptin concentrations in Japanese adults. Appetite 2010; 54:538-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2010.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Revised: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Mi J, Munkonda MN, Li M, Zhang MX, Zhao XY, Fouejeu PCW, Cianflone K. Adiponectin and leptin metabolic biomarkers in chinese children and adolescents. J Obes 2010; 2010:892081. [PMID: 21052532 PMCID: PMC2968118 DOI: 10.1155/2010/892081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. To evaluate leptin and adiponectin as biomarkers of metabolic syndrome (MS) risk factors even in nonobese children/adolescents. Methods. Serum leptin, adiponectin, leptin:adiponectin ratio, lipids, glucose, and insulin concentrations as well as body size parameters and pubertal development were evaluated in a large population of Chinese children/adolescents (n = 3505, 6-18 years, 1722 girls and 1783 boys). Results. Leptin concentration increased while adiponectin decreased with obesity, both were influenced by pubertal development. Central obesity had an additive effect on leptin levels (above obesity alone). Leptin/adiponectin increased 8.4-fold and 3.2-fold in overweight/obesity, and 15.8- and 4.5-fold with obesity plus MS, in early and late puberty, respectively. Even in normal weight children/adolescents, higher leptin and lower adiponectin concentrations associated with increased risk profile. Conversely, overweight/obese with lower leptin or higher adiponectin concentrations had a less compromised metabolic profile. Conclusion. Leptin, adiponectin, and leptin:adiponectin ratio are informative biomarkers for obesity, central obesity, MS, and abnormal metabolic profile even in normal weight children/adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Mi
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Mercedes Nancy Munkonda
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ming Li
- Centre de Recherche Institut, Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Quebec, Université Laval, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G5
| | - Mei-Xian Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | | | - Katherine Cianflone
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- *Katherine Cianflone:
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Tanaka S, Bin W, Honda M, Nanbu S, Suzuki K, Fukuo K, Kazumi T. Associations of 18-Year-Old Daughters' and Mothers' Serum Leptin, Body Mass Index and DXA-Derived Fat Mass. J Atheroscler Thromb 2010; 17:1077-81. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.5371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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