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Smoot K, Gervasi-Follmar T, Marginean H, Chen C, Cohan S. Impact of oral melatonin supplementation on urine and serum melatonin concentrations and quality-of-life measures in persons with relapsing multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 90:105799. [PMID: 39126937 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2024.105799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Melatonin is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent that modulates the immune system by scavenging free radicals, reducing the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reducing transendothelial cell migration. Therefore, melatonin may play a role in regulating multiple sclerosis (MS) disease activity. However, little is known about how melatonin supplementation effects individuals with MS. OBJECTIVE Determine if there was a dose-dependent elevation in urine and serum melatonin concentrations. Determine if melatonin supplementation had an impact on patient reported outcomes. METHODS This was a randomized, dose-blinded exploratory study. Adults (age 18-65) with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (RMS) treated with a stable dose of oral disease modifying therapy for at least 6 months were randomized into melatonin 3 mg or 5 mg daily. Urinary and serum melatonin levels and modified fatigue impact scale (MFIS), multiple sclerosis impact scale (MSIS-29), and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), patient determined disease steps (PDDS) and performance scales (PS) were measured at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months. Urinary and serum melatonin analyses was performed to estimate mean concentrations and their differences between treatment arms over time by a repeated measures linear mixed model. The model included treatment, assessment time, and treatment × time interaction. RESULTS Thirty patients, randomized 1:1, were analyzed in an intent to treat population. Twenty-three completed the study. The repeated measures linear mixed model analysis of all timepoints revealed higher melatonin concentrations in patients on 5 mg compared to 3 mg melatonin for both urinary 6-SMT (p = 0.03) and serum melatonin (p = 0.04). MFIS, MSIS-29, PSQI, and PDSS-PS scores did not significantly change from baseline to month 12. No significant differences in these measures were seen between the two doses. Five patients stopped melatonin (three on 5 mg and two on 3 mg) due to adverse events, including one patient who developed focal spongiotic dermatitis. One patient experienced three consecutive serious adverse events that were unrelated to melatonin supplementation. CONCLUSIONS The 5 mg melatonin supplementation group had higher concentrations of urinary 6-SMT and serum melatonin compared to the 3 mg group over 12 months of treatment. There was a correlation between 6-SMT and serum melatonin concentrations. This suggests that measuring serum melatonin is a reliable alternative to measuring urinary 6-SMT. However, no differences in clinical benefit between the two dosage groups were demonstrated in the patient reported outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03498131.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Smoot
- Providence Brain and Spine Institute, Providence Saint Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States.
| | - Tiffany Gervasi-Follmar
- Providence Brain and Spine Institute, Providence Saint Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Horia Marginean
- Providence Brain and Spine Institute, Providence Saint Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Chiayi Chen
- Providence Brain and Spine Institute, Providence Saint Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Stanley Cohan
- Providence Brain and Spine Institute, Providence Saint Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States
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Zeng Y, Xiao X, Yang F, Li T, Huang Y, Shi X, Lai C. Progress towards understanding the effects of artificial light on the transmission of vector-borne diseases. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 283:116780. [PMID: 39126816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a common form of light pollution worldwide, and the intensity, timing, duration, and wavelength of light exposure can affect biological rhythms, which can lead to metabolic, reproductive, and immune dysfunctions and consequently, host-pathogen interactions. Insect vector-borne diseases are a global problem that needs to be addressed, and ALAN plays an important role in disease transmission by affecting the habits and physiological functions of vector organisms. In this work, we describe the mechanisms by which ALAN affects host physiology and biochemistry, host-parasite interactions, and vector-borne viruses and propose preventive measures for related infectious diseases to minimize the effects of artificial light on vector-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zeng
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, and School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoping Xiao
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tong Li
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yalan Huang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaolu Shi
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chongde Lai
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, and School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Excavation and Utilization of Agricultural Microorganisms, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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3
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Crowley SJ, Poole E, Adams J, Eastman CI. Extending weeknight sleep duration in late-sleeping adolescents using morning bright light on weekends: a 3-week maintenance study. SLEEP ADVANCES : A JOURNAL OF THE SLEEP RESEARCH SOCIETY 2024; 5:zpae065. [PMID: 39314746 PMCID: PMC11417015 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpae065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Study Objectives Our sleep extension intervention in adolescents showed that gradually shifting weekday bedtime earlier plus one weekend of morning bright light advanced circadian phase and increased weeknight sleep duration. Here, we examine at-home maintenance of these changes. Methods Fourteen adolescents (15.3-17.9 years; 7 female) completed a 7-week study. After usual sleep at home (2-week baseline), intervention participants (n = 8) gradually advanced weekday bedtime (1 hour earlier than baseline during week 3; 2 hours earlier in week 4) and received bright light (~6000 lux; 2.5 hours) on both mornings of the intervening weekend. During three maintenance weeks, intervention participants were instructed to maintain their school-day wake-up time on all days, keep their early week four bedtimes, except on weekends when they could go to bed up to 1 hour later, and get a 2.5-hour light box exposure within 5 minutes of waking on one morning (Saturday or Sunday) of both weekends at home. Control participants (n = 6) slept as usual at home and did not receive weekend bright light. Dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) was measured after the 2-week baseline, 2-week intervention, and 3-week maintenance in all participants. Actigraphic sleep-wake was collected throughout. Results After the 2-week intervention, DLMOs advanced more compared to control (37.0 ± 40.0 minutes vs. -14.7 ± 16.6 minutes), weekday sleep duration increased by 69.7 ± 27.8 minutes and sleep onset was 103.7 ± 14.2 minutes earlier compared to baseline. After three maintenance weeks, intervention participants showed negligible DLMO delays (-4.9 ± 22.9 minutes); weekday fall-asleep times and sleep durations also remained stable. Conclusions Early circadian phase and extended sleep can be maintained with at-home weekend bright light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J Crowley
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Elaine Poole
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL, USA
| | - John Adams
- Olivet Nazarene University, Department of Behavioral Sciences, Bourbonnais, IL, USA
| | - Charmane I Eastman
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL, USA
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Murray JM, Stone JE, Abbott SM, Bjorvatn B, Burgess HJ, Cajochen C, Dekker JJ, Duffy JF, Epstein LJ, Garbazza C, Harsh J, Klerman EB, Lane JM, Lockley SW, Pavlova MK, Quan SF, Reid KJ, Scheer FAJL, Sletten TL, Wright KP, Zee PC, Phillips AJK, Czeisler CA, Rajaratnam SMW. A Protocol to Determine Circadian Phase by At-Home Salivary Dim Light Melatonin Onset Assessment. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12994. [PMID: 39158010 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Internal circadian phase assessment is increasingly acknowledged as a critical clinical tool for the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders and for investigating circadian timing in other medical disorders. The widespread use of in-laboratory circadian phase assessments in routine practice has been limited, most likely because circadian phase assessment is not required by formal diagnostic nosologies, and is not generally covered by insurance. At-home assessment of salivary dim light melatonin onset (DLMO, a validated circadian phase marker) is an increasingly accepted approach to assess circadian phase. This approach may help meet the increased demand for assessments and has the advantages of lower cost and greater patient convenience. We reviewed the literature describing at-home salivary DLMO assessment methods and identified factors deemed to be important to successful implementation. Here, we provide specific protocol recommendations for conducting at-home salivary DLMO assessments to facilitate a standardized approach for clinical and research purposes. Key factors include control of lighting, sampling rate, and timing, and measures of patient compliance. We include findings from implementation of an optimization algorithm to determine the most efficient number and timing of samples in patients with Delayed Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder. We also provide recommendations for assay methods and interpretation. Providing definitive criteria for each factor, along with detailed instructions for protocol implementation, will enable more widespread adoption of at-home circadian phase assessments as a standardized clinical diagnostic, monitoring, and treatment tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade M Murray
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julia E Stone
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sabra M Abbott
- Department of Neurology, Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bjorn Bjorvatn
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Helen J Burgess
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Christian Cajochen
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel (UPK), Basel, Switzerland
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jip J Dekker
- Department of Data Science and AI, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeanne F Duffy
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lawrence J Epstein
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Corrado Garbazza
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel (UPK), Basel, Switzerland
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Harsh
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Klerman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Lane
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven W Lockley
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Milena K Pavlova
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stuart F Quan
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathryn J Reid
- Department of Neurology, Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tracey L Sletten
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kenneth P Wright
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Phyllis C Zee
- Department of Neurology, Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew J K Phillips
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (Sleep Health), Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Charles A Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shantha M W Rajaratnam
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Qiao MX, Yu H, Li T. Non-invasive neurostimulation to improve sleep quality and depressive symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 176:282-292. [PMID: 38905761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-invasive neurostimulation, including bright light therapy (BLT), repetitive transcranial magnetic (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), has been shown to alleviate depressive symptoms in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the efficacy of these interventions in addressing sleep disturbances in MDD patients remains a subject of debate. OBJECTIVE We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effectiveness of non-invasive neurostimulation in improving sleep disturbances and depressive symptoms in MDD patients. METHODS Systematic searches for relevant RCTs were conducted in the databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, Wanfang and China National Knowledge Infrastructure up to January 2024. Data on outcomes comparable across the studies were meta-analyzed using Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 14. The pooled results were reported as standardized mean differences (SMD) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Our analysis encompassed 15 RCTs involving 1348 patients. Compared to sham or no stimulation, non-invasive neurostimulation significantly improved sleep quality (SMD -0.74, 95%CI -1.15 to -0.33, p = 0.0004) and sleep efficiency (SMD 0.35, 95%CI 0.10 to 0.60, p = 0.006). It also significantly reduced severity of depressive symptoms (SMD -0.62, 95%CI -0.90 to -0.35, p < 0.00001). Subgroup analysis further demonstrated that patients experiencing sleep improvements due to neurostimulation showed a marked decrease in depressive symptoms compared to the control group (SMD = -0.90, 95% CI [-1.26, -0.54], p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Current evidence from RCTs suggests that neurostimulation can enhance sleep quality and efficiency in individuals with MDD, which in turn may be associated with mitigation of depressive symptoms. PROSPERO REGISTRATION CRD42023423844.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xuan Qiao
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Tao Li
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Burkart S, Beets MW, Pfledderer CD, von Klinggraeff L, Zhu X, St Laurent CW, van Hees VT, Armstrong B, Weaver RG, Adams EL. Are parent-reported sleep logs essential? A comparison of three approaches to guide open source accelerometry-based nocturnal sleep processing in children. J Sleep Res 2024; 33:e14112. [PMID: 38009378 PMCID: PMC11128474 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
We examined the comparability of children's nocturnal sleep estimates using accelerometry data, processed with and without a sleep log. In a secondary analysis, we evaluated factors associated with disagreement between processing approaches. Children (n = 722, age 5-12 years) wore a wrist-based accelerometer for 14 days during Autumn 2020, Spring 2021, and/or Summer 2021. Outcomes included sleep period, duration, wake after sleep onset (WASO), and timing (onset, midpoint, waketime). Parents completed surveys including children's nightly bed/wake time. Data were processed with parent-reported bed/wake time (sleep log), the Heuristic algorithm looking at Distribution of Change in Z-Angle (HDCZA) algorithm (no log), and an 8 p.m.-8 a.m. window (generic log) using the R-package 'GGIR' (version 2.6-4). Mean/absolute bias and limits of agreement were calculated and visualised with Bland-Altman plots. Associations between child, home, and survey characteristics and disagreement were examined with tobit regression. Just over half of nights demonstrated no difference in sleep period between sleep log and no log approaches. Among all nights, the sleep log approach produced longer sleep periods (9.3 min; absolute mean bias [AMB] = 28.0 min), shorter duration (1.4 min; AMB = 14.0 min), greater WASO (11.0 min; AMB = 15.4 min), and earlier onset (13.4 min; AMB = 17.4 min), midpoint (8.8 min; AMB = 15.3 min), and waketime (3.9 min; AMB = 14.8 min) than no log. Factors associated with discrepancies included smartphone ownership, bedroom screens, nontraditional parent work schedule, and completion on weekend/summer nights (range = 0.4-10.2 min). The generic log resulted in greater AMB among sleep outcomes. Small mean differences were observed between nights with and without a sleep log. Discrepancies existed on weekends, in summer, and for children with smartphones and screens in the bedroom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Burkart
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Michael W Beets
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher D Pfledderer
- University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth) at Houston, School of Public Health in Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, UTHealth School of Public Health in Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Lauren von Klinggraeff
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Xuanxuan Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Christine W St Laurent
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Bridget Armstrong
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - R Glenn Weaver
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Adams
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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Bouteldja AA, Penichet D, Srivastava LK, Cermakian N. The circadian system: A neglected player in neurodevelopmental disorders. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 60:3858-3890. [PMID: 38816965 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Patients with neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder, often display abnormal circadian rhythms. The role of the circadian system in these disorders has gained considerable attention over the last decades. Yet, it remains largely unknown how these disruptions occur and to what extent they contribute to the disorders' development. In this review, we examine circadian system dysregulation as observed in patients and animal models of neurodevelopmental disorders. Second, we explore whether circadian rhythm disruptions constitute a risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders from studies in humans and model organisms. Lastly, we focus on the impact of psychiatric medications on circadian rhythms and the potential benefits of chronotherapy. The literature reveals that patients with neurodevelopmental disorders display altered sleep-wake cycles and melatonin rhythms/levels in a heterogeneous manner, and model organisms used to study these disorders appear to support that circadian dysfunction may be an inherent characteristic of neurodevelopmental disorders. Furthermore, the pre-clinical and clinical evidence indicates that circadian disruption at the environmental and genetic levels may contribute to the behavioural changes observed in these disorders. Finally, studies suggest that psychiatric medications, particularly those prescribed for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia, can have direct effects on the circadian system and that chronotherapy may be leveraged to offset some of these side effects. This review highlights that circadian system dysfunction is likely a core pathological feature of neurodevelopmental disorders and that further research is required to elucidate this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Bouteldja
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Danae Penichet
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Lalit K Srivastava
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Cermakian
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Song Y, Li X, Hu B, Chen Y, Cui P, Liang Y, He X, Yang G, Li J. A study on the configuration of factors influencing overweight and obesity in adolescents based on fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis. J Adolesc 2024. [PMID: 38946211 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Overweight and obesity among adolescents are grave public health issues around the world. Although the conditions that contribute to obesity have been extensively researched, little is known about how multiple conditions interact to cause overweight and obesity. The current study intends to investigate the histomorphic configuration pathways of several conditions of adolescent overweight and obesity by gender. METHOD The data came from a social survey conducted in June 2021 in Changchun, Jilin Province, China. The sample collected was 14-year-old adolescents, including 167 boys and 137 girls. The school physicians examined the participants' weight and height, and questionnaires were used to collect risk indicators from adolescents, such as sleep duration, electronic screens times, consumption of sugary drinks and fried foods, and physical activity. Simultaneously, a Fuzzy Qualitative Comparative Analysis will be performed to investigate the combinations of diverse conditions. RESULT We found that there is no determining necessary condition that, once present, directly determines that an individual is in a state of overweight and obesity. Simultaneously, this study revealed nine alternative configurational paths of overweight and obesity in teenagers of different genders, with a concordance of 0.805 for six male groupings and 0.916 for three female groupings. The outcomes of overweight obesity in adolescents under different genders are similar but not identical. CONCLUSION This study examined the interactions of a number of conditions from the individual, behavioral, learning and living environment that led to the same overweight obese outcome among adolescents of different genders. Our research will be useful to policymakers in that interventions should take into account the combined effects of a number of different aspects rather than focusing on a single factor that causes overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Song
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xinru Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Bingqin Hu
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yitong Chen
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Peiyao Cui
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yifang Liang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xin He
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guofeng Yang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jinghua Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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Farag HI, Murphy BA, Templeman JR, Hanlon C, Joshua J, Koch TG, Niel L, Shoveller AK, Bedecarrats GY, Ellison A, Wilcockson D, Martino TA. One Health: Circadian Medicine Benefits Both Non-human Animals and Humans Alike. J Biol Rhythms 2024; 39:237-269. [PMID: 38379166 PMCID: PMC11141112 DOI: 10.1177/07487304241228021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Circadian biology's impact on human physical health and its role in disease development and progression is widely recognized. The forefront of circadian rhythm research now focuses on translational applications to clinical medicine, aiming to enhance disease diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment responses. However, the field of circadian medicine has predominantly concentrated on human healthcare, neglecting its potential for transformative applications in veterinary medicine, thereby overlooking opportunities to improve non-human animal health and welfare. This review consists of three main sections. The first section focuses on the translational potential of circadian medicine into current industry practices of agricultural animals, with a particular emphasis on horses, broiler chickens, and laying hens. The second section delves into the potential applications of circadian medicine in small animal veterinary care, primarily focusing on our companion animals, namely dogs and cats. The final section explores emerging frontiers in circadian medicine, encompassing aquaculture, veterinary hospital care, and non-human animal welfare and concludes with the integration of One Health principles. In summary, circadian medicine represents a highly promising field of medicine that holds the potential to significantly enhance the clinical care and overall health of all animals, extending its impact beyond human healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham I. Farag
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Barbara A. Murphy
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James R. Templeman
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Charlene Hanlon
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Jessica Joshua
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas G. Koch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Lee Niel
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Anna K. Shoveller
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Amy Ellison
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - David Wilcockson
- Department of Life Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Tami A. Martino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Chen Y, Yang H, Zhang Y, Zhou L, Lin J, Wang Y. Night shift work, genetic risk, and the risk of depression: A prospective cohort study. J Affect Disord 2024; 354:735-742. [PMID: 38548197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic factors and night shift work both contribute to the risk of depression, but whether the association of night shift work with depression varies by genetic predisposition remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To assess whether night shift work is associated with a higher risk of depression regardless of genetic predisposition. METHODS We used data from the UK biobank of 247,828 adults aged 38-71 free of depression at baseline from March 13, 2006, to October 1, 2010. Genetic predisposition to depression was assessed using polygenic risk scores (PRS) weighted sums of genetic variant indicator variables and classified as low (lowest tertile), intermediate (tertile 2), and high (highest tertile). Night shift work exposures were collected using a touchscreen questionnaire and were divided into four categories. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 12.7 years, 7315 participants developed depression. Compared with day workers, HRs (95 % CIs) of depression were 1.28 (1.19-1.38) for shift work, but never or rarely night shifts, 1.32 (1.20-1.45) for irregular night shifts, and 1.20 (1.07-1.34) for permanent night shifts. Considering lifetime employment and compared with never shift workers, >8 nights/month (HR: 1.40; 95 % CI: 1.19-1.66) and <10 years (HR: 1.30; 95 % CI: 1.09-1.54) of night shift work were associated with a higher risk of depression. In joint effect analyses, compared to participants with low genetic predisposition and day workers, the HRs (95 % CIs) of depression were 1.49 (1.32-1.69) in those with high genetic predisposition and shift work, but never or rarely night shifts, and 1.36 (1.20-1.55) for those with high genetic predisposition and irregular/permanent night shifts. In addition, there was neither multiplicative nor additive interaction between genetic predisposition and night shift work on the risk of depression. CONCLUSIONS Night shift work was associated with an increased risk of depression regardless of genetic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Chen
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongxi Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lihui Zhou
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Lin
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaogang Wang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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11
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Haghani M, Abbasi S, Abdoli L, Shams SF, Baha'addini Baigy Zarandi BF, Shokrpour N, Jahromizadeh A, Mortazavi SA, Mortazavi SMJ. Blue Light and Digital Screens Revisited: A New Look at Blue Light from the Vision Quality, Circadian Rhythm and Cognitive Functions Perspective. J Biomed Phys Eng 2024; 14:213-228. [PMID: 39027713 PMCID: PMC11252550 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2106-1355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Research conducted over the years has established that artificial light at night (ALAN), particularly short wavelengths in the blue region (~400-500 nm), can disrupt the circadian rhythm, cause sleep disturbances, and lead to metabolic dysregulation. With the increasing number of people spending considerable amounts of time at home or work staring at digital screens such as smartphones, tablets, and laptops, the negative impacts of blue light are becoming more apparent. While blue wavelengths during the day can enhance attention and reaction times, they are disruptive at night and are associated with a wide range of health problems such as poor sleep quality, mental health problems, and increased risk of some cancers. The growing global concern over the detrimental effects of ALAN on human health is supported by epidemiological and experimental studies, which suggest that exposure to ALAN is associated with disorders like type 2 diabetes, obesity, and increased risk of breast and prostate cancer. Moreover, several studies have reported a connection between ALAN, night-shift work, reduced cognitive performance, and a higher likelihood of human errors. The purpose of this paper is to review the biological impacts of blue light exposure on human cognitive functions and vision quality. Additionally, studies indicating a potential link between exposure to blue light from digital screens and increased risk of breast cancer are also reviewed. However, more research is needed to fully comprehend the relationship between blue light exposure and adverse health effects, such as the risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Haghani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samaneh Abbasi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Abdoli
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Fatemeh Shams
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Nasrin Shokrpour
- School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Atefeh Jahromizadeh
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi
- Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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12
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Kendzerska T, Murray BJ, Colelli DR, Dela Cruz GR, Gershon AS, Povitz M, Talarico R, Boulos MI. The relationship between the morningness-eveningness questionnaire and incident cancer: A historical clinical cohort study. Sleep Med 2024; 117:139-145. [PMID: 38537521 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We conducted a retrospective cohort study to explore the relationship between chronotype measured by the total Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) score and incident cancer. METHODS We used clinical and provincial health administrative data on consecutive adults who underwent a Level 1 Polysomnography (PSG) and completed the MEQ between 2010 and 2015 in an academic hospital (Ontario, Canada) and were cancer-free at baseline. Cancer status was derived from the Ontario Cancer Registry. Individuals were followed until death or March 31, 2020. We used multivariable Cox cause-specific regressions to address the research objective. RESULTS Of 3,004 individuals, 1,781 were analyzed: a median age of 54 years (IQR: 40-64) and 838 (47.1%) men. The median total MEQ score was 63 (IQR: 55-69); 61 (3.4%) were classified as evening (≤41), 536 (30.1%) as intermediate (42-58), and 1,184 (66.5%) as morning chronotypes (≥59). Over a median of 7 years (IQR: 5-8), 120 (6.7%) developed cancer. A U-shape relationship was found between the total MEQ score and an increased hazard of incident cancer, controlling for PSG measures of sleep apnea severity and sleep architecture, demographics, and comorbidities. Compared to the median of 63.0, a total MEQ score greater or less than the median was associated with an increased hazard of incident cancer, with the largest effect for those with a total score ≥76 (e.g., HR of a MEQ total score of 78 vs. 63: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.09-3.71). CONCLUSION The U-shaped curve may reflect deviations from a standard circadian tendency, which may stress biological systems and influence malignancy risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Kendzerska
- Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital/University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; ICES, Ottawa, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Brian J Murray
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Sleep Laboratory, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David R Colelli
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gio R Dela Cruz
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea S Gershon
- ICES, Ottawa, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Respirology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcus Povitz
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Mark I Boulos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Sleep Laboratory, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Milot E, Rehel S, Langeard A, Bigot L, Pasquier F, Matveeff L, Gauthier A, Bessot N, Quarck G. Effectiveness of multi-modal home-based videoconference interventions on sleep in older adults: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1326412. [PMID: 38686035 PMCID: PMC11057197 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1326412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by substantial changes in sleep architecture that negatively impact fitness, quality of life, mood, and cognitive functioning. Older adults often fail to reach the recommended level of physical activity to prevent the age-related decline in sleep function, partly because of geographical barriers. Implementing home-based interventions could surmount these obstacles, thereby encouraging older adults to stay active, with videoconference administration emerging as a promising solution. Increasing the availability of biological rhythms synchronizers, such as physical activity, light exposure, or vestibular stimulation, represents a viable non-pharmacological strategy for entraining circadian rhythms and potentially fortifying the sleep-wake cycle, thereby enhancing sleep in aging. This study aims to (1) assess the impact of remote physical exercise training and its combination with bright light exposure, and (2) investigate the specific contribution of galvanic vestibular stimulation, to sleep quality among healthy older adults with sleep complaints. One hundred healthy older adults aged 60-70 years with sleep complaints will be randomly allocated to one of four groups: a physical exercise training group (n = 25), a physical exercise training combined with bright light exposure group (n = 25), a galvanic vestibular stimulation group (n = 25) or a control group (i.e., health education) (n = 25). While physical exercise training and health education will be supervised via videoconference at home, bright light exposure (for the physical exercise training combined with bright light exposure group) and vestibular stimulation will be self-administered at home. Pre-and post-tests will be conducted to evaluate various parameters, including sleep (polysomnography, subjective questionnaires), circadian rhythms (actigraphy, temperature), fitness (physical: VO2 peak, muscular function; and motor: balance, and functional mobility), cognition (executive function, long-term memory), quality of life and mood (anxiety and depression). The findings will be anticipated to inform the development of recommendations and non-pharmaceutical preventive strategies for enhancing sleep quality in older adults, potentially leading to improvements in fitness, cognition, quality of life, and mood throughout aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Milot
- Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, COMETE U1075, CYCERON, CHU de Caen, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Stéphane Rehel
- Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, COMETE U1075, CYCERON, CHU de Caen, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Antoine Langeard
- Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, COMETE U1075, CYCERON, CHU de Caen, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | | | - Florane Pasquier
- Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, COMETE U1075, CYCERON, CHU de Caen, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Laura Matveeff
- Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, COMETE U1075, CYCERON, CHU de Caen, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Antoine Gauthier
- Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, COMETE U1075, CYCERON, CHU de Caen, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Nicolas Bessot
- Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, COMETE U1075, CYCERON, CHU de Caen, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Gaëlle Quarck
- Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, COMETE U1075, CYCERON, CHU de Caen, Normandie Université, Caen, France
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14
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Yoon J, Heo SJ, Lee H, Sul EG, Han T, Kwon YJ. Assessing the Feasibility and Efficacy of Pre-Sleep Dim Light Therapy for Adults with Insomnia: A Pilot Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:632. [PMID: 38674278 PMCID: PMC11052339 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background: Insomnia is increasingly recognized for its marked impact on public health and is often associated with various adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular diseases and mental health disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of pre-sleep dim light therapy (LT) as a non-pharmacological intervention for insomnia in adults, assessing its influence on sleep parameters and circadian rhythms. Methods: A randomized, open-label, two-arm clinical trial was conducted over two weeks with 40 participants aged 20-60 years, all of whom had sleep disorders (CRIS, KCT0008501). They were allocated into control and LT groups. The LT group received exposure to warm-colored light, minimizing the blue spectrum, before bedtime. The study combined subjective evaluation via validated, sleep-related questionnaires, objective sleep assessments via actigraphy, and molecular analyses of circadian clock gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Baseline characteristics between the two groups were compared using an independent t-test for continuous variables and the chi-squared test for categorical variables. Within-group differences were assessed using the paired t-test. Changes between groups were analyzed using linear regression, adjusting for each baseline value and body mass index. The patterns of changes in sleep parameters were calculated using a linear mixed model. Results: The LT group exhibited significant improvements in sleep quality (difference in difference [95% CI]; -2.00 [-3.58, -0.43], and sleep efficiency (LT: 84.98 vs. control: 82.11, p = 0.032), and an advanced Dim Light Melatonin Onset compared to the control group (approximately 30 min). Molecular analysis indicated a significant reduction in CRY1 gene expression after LT, suggesting an influence on circadian signals for sleep regulation. Conclusions: This study provides evidence for the efficacy of LT in improving sleep quality and circadian rhythm alignment in adults with insomnia. Despite limitations, such as a small sample size and short study duration, the results underscore the potential of LT as a viable non-pharmacological approach for insomnia. Future research should expand on these results with larger and more diverse cohorts followed over a longer period to validate and further elucidate the value of LT in sleep medicine. Trial registration: The trial was registered with the Clinical Research Information Service (KCT0008501).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Yoon
- Department of Family Medicine, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02481, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seok-Jae Heo
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyangkyu Lee
- College of Nursing, Mo-Im Kim Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eun-Gyeong Sul
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin 16995, Republic of Korea;
| | - Taehwa Han
- Integrative Research Center for Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kwon
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin 16995, Republic of Korea;
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15
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Connolly PJ, Quigg M, Davis EM. Improvement in non-24-h sleep-wake rhythm disorder in a sighted individual treated with a melatonin receptor agonist. Sleep Med 2024; 116:41-42. [PMID: 38422783 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Non-24-hour sleep-wake rhythm disorder (N24SWD) typically presents in patients with visual impairments that disrupt the ability to entrain to the 24 hour solar cycle. We discuss a 43 year old sighted man who presented with periodic daytime hypersomnia and nighttime insomnia, occasionally leading to <3 hours of sleep per day. Previous polysomnography showed an apnea hypopnea index of 6.2 events per hour. A sleep log of 3 months showed irregular time of sleep onset, and an average of 3 hours of sleep per day. Wrist actigraphy confirmed N24SWD. A trial of tasimelteon 20 mg/day resulting in improved daytime hypersomnia (pre-Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) = 21/24, post-ESS = 5/24; a score of > 10/24 is considered sleepy). Follow-up actigraphy showed marked resolution of phase delay with an average of five hours of sleep. The case demonstrates that tasimelteon is a possible treatment for N24SWD in sighted individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Quigg
- Department of Neurology, Sleep Center, University of Virginia, United States
| | - Eric M Davis
- Department of Neurology, Sleep Center, University of Virginia, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Sleep Center, United States.
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16
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Abbas S, Okdeh N, Roufayel R, Kovacic H, Sabatier JM, Fajloun Z, Abi Khattar Z. Neuroarchitecture: How the Perception of Our Surroundings Impacts the Brain. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:220. [PMID: 38666832 PMCID: PMC11048496 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The study of neuroarchitecture is concerned with the significant effects of architecture on human behavior, emotions and thought processes. This review explores the intricate relationship between the brain and perceived environments, focusing on the roles of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and parahippocampal place area (PPA) in processing architectural stimuli. It highlights the importance of mirror neurons in generating empathetic responses to our surroundings and discusses how architectural elements like lighting, color, and space layout significantly impact emotional and cognitive experiences. The review also presents insights into the concept of cognitive maps and spatial navigation, emphasizing the role of architecture in facilitating wayfinding and orientation. Additionally, it addresses how neuroarchitecture can be applied to enhance learning and healing environments, drawing upon principles from the Reggio Emilia approach and considerations for designing spaces for the elderly and those with cognitive impairments. Overall, this review offers a neuroscientific basis for understanding how human cognition, emotions, spatial navigation, and well-being are influenced by architectural design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Abbas
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Kalhat, Tripoli P.O. Box 100, Lebanon;
- Faculty of Architecture and Design, Azm University, Azm Educational Campus, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
| | - Nathalie Okdeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences 3, Lebanese University, Campus Michel Slayman Ras Maska, Tripoli 1352, Lebanon;
| | - Rabih Roufayel
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait;
| | - Hervé Kovacic
- CNRS, INP, Institut Neurophysiopathol, Aix-Marseille Université, 13385 Marseille, France; (H.K.); (J.-M.S.)
| | - Jean-Marc Sabatier
- CNRS, INP, Institut Neurophysiopathol, Aix-Marseille Université, 13385 Marseille, France; (H.K.); (J.-M.S.)
| | - Ziad Fajloun
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences 3, Lebanese University, Campus Michel Slayman Ras Maska, Tripoli 1352, Lebanon;
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
| | - Ziad Abi Khattar
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Kalhat, Tripoli P.O. Box 100, Lebanon;
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17
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Hu N, Wu Y, Yao Q, Huang S, Li W, Yao Z, Ye C. Association between late bedtime and obesity in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1342514. [PMID: 38560399 PMCID: PMC10978672 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1342514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Short sleep duration has been related to obesity in children and adolescents. However, it remains unknown whether late bedtime is also associated with obesity and whether the association is independent of sleep duration. A meta-analysis was performed to address this issue. Methods In order to accomplish the aim of the meta-analysis, a comprehensive search was conducted on databases including PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science to identify observational studies. The cutoff to determine late bedtime in children in this meta-analysis was consistent with the value used among the included original studies. As for obesity, it was typically defined as a body mass index (BMI) > 95th percentile of age and sex specified reference standards or the International Obesity Task Force defined age- and gender-specific cut-off of BMI. The Cochrane Q test was employed to evaluate heterogeneity among the included studies, while the I2 statistic was estimated. Random-effects models were utilized to merge the results, considering the potential impact of heterogeneity. Results Tweleve observational studies with 57,728 participants were included. Among them, 6,815 (11.8%) were obese. Pooled results showed that late bedtime reported by the participants or their caregivers was associated with obesity (odds ratio [OR]: 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16-1.39, p < 0.001; I2 = 0%). Subgroup analysis showed consistent results in studies with (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.04-1.70, p = 0.02) and without adjustment of sleep duration (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.14-1.41, p < 0.001). Further subgroup analysis also showed that the association was not significantly affected by study location, design, age of the participants, or diagnostic methods for obesity (p for subgroup difference all >0.05). Conclusion Late bedtime is associated with obesity in children and adolescents, which may be independent of sleep duration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chunfeng Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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18
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Regmi P, Young M, Minigo G, Milic N, Gyawali P. Photoperiod and metabolic health: evidence, mechanism, and implications. Metabolism 2024; 152:155770. [PMID: 38160935 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are evolutionarily programmed biological rhythms that are primarily entrained by the light cycle. Disruption of circadian rhythms is an important risk factor for several metabolic disorders. Photoperiod is defined as total duration of light exposure in a day. With the extended use of indoor/outdoor light, smartphones, television, computers, and social jetlag people are exposed to excessive artificial light at night increasing their photoperiod. Importantly long photoperiod is not limited to any geographical region, season, age, or socioeconomic group, it is pervasive. Long photoperiod is an established disrupter of the circadian rhythm and can induce a range of chronic health conditions including adiposity, altered hormonal signaling and metabolism, premature ageing, and poor psychological health. This review discusses the impact of exposure to long photoperiod on circadian rhythms, metabolic and mental health, hormonal signaling, and ageing and provides a perspective on possible preventive and therapeutic approaches for this pervasive challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Regmi
- Faculty of Health, Charles Darwin University, Australia.
| | - Morag Young
- Cardiovascular Endocrinology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Australia
| | | | - Natalie Milic
- Faculty of Health, Charles Darwin University, Australia
| | - Prajwal Gyawali
- Centre of Health Research and School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Australia
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19
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Ran C, Pu K. Molecularly generated light and its biomedical applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314468. [PMID: 37955419 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Molecularly generated light, referred to here as "molecular light", mainly includes bioluminescence, chemiluminescence, and Cerenkov luminescence. Molecular light possesses unique dual features of being both a molecule and a source of light. Its molecular nature enables it to be delivered as molecules to regions deep within the body, overcoming the limitations of natural sunlight and physically generated light sources like lasers and LEDs. Simultaneously, its light properties make it valuable for applications such as imaging, photodynamic therapy, photo-oxidative therapy, and photobiomodulation. In this review article, we provide an updated overview of the diverse applications of molecular light and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of molecular light across various domains. Lastly, we present forward-looking perspectives on the potential of molecular light in the realms of molecular imaging, photobiological mechanisms, therapeutic applications, and photobiomodulation. While some of these perspectives may be considered bold and contentious, our intent is to inspire further innovations in the field of molecular light applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongzhao Ran
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 637459, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232, Singapore, Singapore
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Cox RC, Blumenstein AB, Burke TM, Depner CM, Guerin MK, Hay-Arthur E, Higgins J, Knauer OA, Lanza SM, Markwald RR, Melanson EL, McHill AW, Morton SJ, Ritchie HK, Smith MR, Smits AN, Sprecher KE, Stothard ER, Withrow D, Wright KP. Distribution of dim light melatonin offset (DLMOff) and phase relationship to waketime in healthy adults and associations with chronotype. Sleep Health 2024; 10:S76-S83. [PMID: 37777359 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dim light melatonin onset, or the rise in melatonin levels representing the beginning of the biological night, is the gold standard indicator of circadian phase. Considerably less is known about dim light melatonin offset, or the decrease in melatonin to low daytime levels representing the end of the biological night. In the context of insufficient sleep, morning circadian misalignment, or energy intake after waketime but before dim light melatonin offset, is linked to impaired insulin sensitivity, suggesting the need to characterize dim light melatonin offset and identify risk for morning circadian misalignment. METHODS We examined the distributions of dim light melatonin offset clock hour and the phase relationship between dim light melatonin offset and waketime, and associations between dim light melatonin offset, phase relationship, and chronotype in healthy adults (N = 62) who completed baseline protocols measuring components of the circadian melatonin rhythm and chronotype. RESULTS 74.4% demonstrated dim light melatonin offset after waketime, indicating most healthy adults wake up before the end of biological night. Later chronotype (morningness-eveningness, mid-sleep on free days corrected, and average mid-sleep) was associated with later dim light melatonin offset clock hour. Later chronotype was also associated with a larger, positive phase relationship between dim light melatonin offset and waketime, except for morningness-eveningness. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest morning circadian misalignment risk among healthy adults, which would not be detected if only dim light melatonin onset were assessed. Chronotype measured by sleep timing may better predict this risk in healthy adults keeping a consistent sleep schedule than morningness-eveningness preferences. Additional research is needed to develop circadian biomarkers to predict dim light melatonin offset and evaluate appropriate dim light melatonin offset timing to promote health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Cox
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Alivia B Blumenstein
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Tina M Burke
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA; Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher M Depner
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA; Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Molly K Guerin
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Emily Hay-Arthur
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Janine Higgins
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Oliver A Knauer
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Shannon M Lanza
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Rachel R Markwald
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA; Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Edward L Melanson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Andrew W McHill
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA; Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sarah J Morton
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Hannah K Ritchie
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Mark R Smith
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Alexandra N Smits
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Kate E Sprecher
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Ellen R Stothard
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA; Colorado Sleep Institute, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Dana Withrow
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Kenneth P Wright
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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Chang AM, Anderson C, Cain SW, Reichenberger DA, Ronda JM, Lockley SW, Czeisler CA. Entrainment to gradual vs. immediate 8-hour phase advance shifts with and without short-wavelength enriched polychromatic green light. Sleep Health 2024; 10:S67-S75. [PMID: 37989626 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES For optimal health and well-being the sleep episode and the circadian timing system should be properly aligned. We evaluated the effectiveness of different dynamic light and sleep/wake shift schedules for rapid circadian entrainment following an 8-hour advance of sleep. METHODS Forty-three healthy participants completed an 8-day inpatient protocol in which the 8-hour sleep episode was advanced by 8 hours. Participants were assigned to one of five conditions: (1) dim ambient WHITE light and GRADUAL shift in which the sleep episode was incrementally advanced over 5days; (2) dim GREEN, short-wavelength (∼504 nm) polychromatic light and GRADUAL shift; (3) dim WHITE light and SLAM shift, including an abrupt 8-hour advance on day 3 following an extended 32-hour wake episode; (4) GREEN light and SLAM shift; or (5) COMBINED (higher illuminance WHITE plus GREEN) light and modified SLAM shift with 2 short naps scheduled on the day prior to the abrupt advance. Phase shifts of the plasma dim light melatonin onset and sleep measures were compared to examine effects of protocol condition. RESULTS After 5days, the COMBINED light/modified SLAM shift condition showed larger phase advances of dim light melatonin onset (4.02 ± 1.13 hours) compared to the other 4 conditions (range 1.50 ± 0.96-2.83 ± 2.23 hours; p < .05) and resulted in increased REM sleep duration and fewer sleep disruptions. CONCLUSIONS Consideration of the type of shift and the illuminance and wavelength of light may assist in designing lighting countermeasures to sleep and circadian disruption, which has implications for jetlag, shiftwork, and circadian rhythm sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Chang
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
| | - Clare Anderson
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sean W Cain
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David A Reichenberger
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Joseph M Ronda
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven W Lockley
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles A Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Holmes KE, Fox N, King J, Presby DM, Kim J. Connection Between Sleep and Psychological Well-Being in U.S. Army Soldiers. Mil Med 2024; 189:e40-e48. [PMID: 37265329 PMCID: PMC10824482 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usad187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The goal of this exploratory study was to examine the relationships between sleep consistency and workplace resilience among soldiers stationed in a challenging Arctic environment. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 862 soldiers (67 females) on an Army base in Anchorage, AK, were provided WHOOP 3.0, a validated sleep biometric capture device and were surveyed at onboarding and at the conclusion of the study. Soldiers joined the study from early January to early March 2021 and completed the study in July 2021 (650 soldiers completed the onboarding survey and 210 completed the exit survey, with 151 soldiers completing both). Three comparative analyses were conducted. First, soldiers' sleep and cardiac metrics were compared against the general WHOOP population and a WHOOP sample living in AK. Second, seasonal trends (summer versus winter) in soldiers' sleep metrics (time in bed, hours of sleep, wake duration during sleep, time of sleep onset/offset, and disturbances) were analyzed, and these seasonal trends were compared with the general WHOOP population and the WHOOP sample living in AK. Third, soldiers' exertion, sleep duration, and sleep consistency were correlated with their self-reported psychological functioning. All analyses were conducted with parametric and non-parametric statistics. This study was approved by The University of Queensland Human Research Ethics Committee (Brisbane, Australia) Institutional Review Board. RESULTS Because of the exploratory nature of the study, the critical significance value was set at P < .001. Results revealed that: (1) Arctic soldiers had poorer sleep consistency and sleep duration than the general WHOOP sample and the Alaskan WHOOP sample, (2) Arctic soldiers showed a decrease in sleep consistency and sleep duration in the summer compared to that in the winter, (3) Arctic soldiers were less able to control their bedroom environment in the summer than in the winter, and (4) sleep consistency but not sleep duration correlated positively with self-report measures of workplace resilience and healthy social networks and negatively with homesickness. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights the relationship between seasonality, sleep consistency, and psychological well-being. The results indicate the potential importance of sleep consistency in psychological functioning, suggesting that future work should manipulate factors known to increase sleep consistency to assess whether improved sleep consistency can enhance the well-being of soldiers. Such efforts would be of particular value in an Arctic environment, where seasonality effects are large and sleep consistency is difficult to maintain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen E Holmes
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Performance Science, Whoop Inc., Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nadia Fox
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jemma King
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- BioPsych Analytics, Tennyson, QLD 4105, Australia
| | | | - Jeongeun Kim
- Performance Science, Whoop Inc., Boston, MA 02215, USA
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23
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Mitsui K, Saeki K, Sun M, Yamagami Y, Tai Y, Obayashi K. Effects of a violet-excitation light-emitting diode on melatonin secretion and sleepiness: preliminary findings from a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Sleep Med 2024; 20:101-109. [PMID: 37707296 PMCID: PMC10758554 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.10814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES A new type of lighting using violet-excitation light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with an action spectrum centered at approximately 405 nm was developed. Although violet-excitation LEDs can reduce melatonin suppression compared with blue-excitation LEDs, no studies have compared the effects of violet-excitation LEDs with those of blue-excitation LEDs on melatonin suppression. This study was designed to compare the effects of violet-excitation LEDs with those of blue-excitation LEDs on melatonin suppression, psychomotor vigilance, and sleepiness. METHODS Sixteen healthy Japanese males aged 20-39 years were exposed to violet- and blue-excitation LEDs for 3 hours in a crossover randomized manner. The primary outcome was changes in salivary melatonin levels compared with the baseline levels. The secondary outcomes were changes in psychomotor vigilance and the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale. Melatonin suppression was calculated from the difference in the area under the curves between the baseline and intervention. RESULTS Of the 16 participants, 15 completed the measurements. The baseline characteristics did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. After adjusting for age, a difference of 16.28 pg/mL in mean melatonin suppression was observed between the violet- and blue-excitation LED groups (-2.15 pg/mL vs -18.43 pg/mL; P = .006). The overall melatonin suppression by violet-excitation LEDs was 48.6% smaller than that by blue-excitation LEDs. No significant differences in psychomotor vigilance and sleepiness were observed between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS Melatonin suppression in healthy Japanese males exposed to violet-excitation LEDs was significantly smaller than that in those exposed to blue-excitation LEDs. Our preliminary findings indicate that violet-excitation LEDs may have the potential to reduce the magnitude of blue-excitation LED-induced melatonin suppression. CITATION Mitsui K, Saeki K, Sun M, Yamagami Y, Tai Y, Obayashi K. Effects of a violet-excitation light-emitting diode on melatonin secretion and sleepiness: preliminary findings from a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Sleep Med. 2024;20(1):101-109.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Mitsui
- Department of Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
- Medical R&D Center, Corporate R&D Group, KYOCERA Corporation, Shiga, Japan
| | - Keigo Saeki
- Department of Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Mingyue Sun
- Medical R&D Center, Corporate R&D Group, KYOCERA Corporation, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamagami
- Department of Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tai
- Department of Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Kenji Obayashi
- Department of Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
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Shapiro B, Fang Y, Sen S, Forger D. Unraveling the interplay of circadian rhythm and sleep deprivation on mood: A Real-World Study on first-year physicians. PLOS DIGITAL HEALTH 2024; 3:e0000439. [PMID: 38295082 PMCID: PMC10829990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The interplay between circadian rhythms, time awake, and mood remains poorly understood in the real-world. Individuals in high-stress occupations with irregular schedules or nighttime shifts are particularly vulnerable to depression and other mood disorders. Advances in wearable technology have provided the opportunity to study these interactions outside of a controlled laboratory environment. Here, we examine the effects of circadian rhythms and time awake on mood in first-year physicians using wearables. Continuous heart rate, step count, sleep data, and daily mood scores were collected from 2,602 medical interns across 168,311 days of Fitbit data. Circadian time and time awake were extracted from minute-by-minute wearable heart rate and motion measurements. Linear mixed modeling determined the relationship between mood, circadian rhythm, and time awake. In this cohort, mood was modulated by circadian timekeeping (p<0.001). Furthermore, we show that increasing time awake both deteriorates mood (p<0.001) and amplifies mood's circadian rhythm nonlinearly. These findings demonstrate the contributions of both circadian rhythms and sleep deprivation to underlying mood and show how these factors can be studied in real-world settings using Fitbits. They underscore the promising opportunity to harness wearables in deploying chronotherapies for psychiatric illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Shapiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth Health, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Yu Fang
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Srijan Sen
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Daniel Forger
- Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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Dermanowski MM, Wichniak A, Hejduk A, Kuczyńska J, Dominiak M, Mierzejewski P. Behavioural Parameters of Circadian Rhythm Are Not Correlated with Dim Light Melatonin Onset: An Observational Study on Healthy Volunteers. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7757. [PMID: 38137826 PMCID: PMC10743549 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12247757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) is considered the most reliable marker of the circadian rhythm phase in humans. DLMO may moderately correlate with sleep onset and sleep offset time. There are no sufficient data about the correlations between DLMO and clinical scales assessing sleep quality and daytime symptoms of poor night sleep. The aim of the study was to determine the association between DLMO and basic sleep parameters from actigraphy and sleep diaries, as well as the association between DLMO and the following insomnia clinical scales: the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and chronotype questionnaires: Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM). Participants of the study were healthy volunteers. Sleep parameters were measured by sleep diaries and actigraphy, and the following clinical scales: the AIS, ISI, and ESS, and chronotype questionnaires: MEQ and CSM. DLMO was calculated based on plasma melatonin concentration. The blood samples were collected hourly at five time points between 20:00 and 00:00 during the session in dim red light (<50 lux). Melatonin concertation was determined by LC-MS/MS. Twenty-one volunteers participated in the study. DLMO was calculated in 12 participants. There was a significant correlation between DLMO and ISI (r = 0.60, p = 0.038) and ESS (r = 0.61, p = 0.034). The correlation coefficient between the DLMO and the AIS was also high, however insignificant (r = 0.57, p = 0.054). There were no significant correlations between DLMO and chronotype scales MEQ and CSM. DLMO did not correlate with sleep onset and sleep offset; however, DLMO correlated with the Sleep Fragmentation Index (SFI) (r = 0.67, p = 0.017). DLMO is associated with poorer sleep maintenance, a stronger feeling of insomnia, and sleepiness during the day. Simultaneously, chronotype pattern and circadian rhythm parameters do not correlate with DLMO. Biological circadian rhythm does not reflect the real-life sleep-wake rhythm, indicating that the lifestyle is more often disconnected from the biological clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Mateusz Dermanowski
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.D.); (J.K.); (M.D.)
| | - Adam Wichniak
- Third Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Arkadiusz Hejduk
- Department of Research and Development, LEK-AM Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Ostrzykowizna 14A, 05-170 Zakroczym, Poland;
| | - Julita Kuczyńska
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.D.); (J.K.); (M.D.)
| | - Monika Dominiak
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.D.); (J.K.); (M.D.)
| | - Paweł Mierzejewski
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.D.); (J.K.); (M.D.)
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Luo Z, Liu Z, Chen H, Liu Y, Tang N, Li H. Light at night exposure and risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1276290. [PMID: 38106885 PMCID: PMC10722424 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1276290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the impact of light at night (LAN) exposure on the risk of breast cancer across varying factors. Method We conducted a systematic search of literature up to July 15, 2023, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases, using keywords related to breast cancer and LAN exposure. Cohort study and case-control study literature on night light exposure and breast cancer risk were included. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata software version 17.0. To address heterogeneity among different studies, we employed a random-effects model for analysis and assessed publication bias using funnel plots and Egger's test. Results We included 13 case-control and 8 cohort studies with 734,372 participants worldwide. In the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) assessments, the average score was 7.43 (ranging from 5 to 9). The overall meta-analysis demonstrated a significant association between exposure to LAN and risk of breast cancer (RR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.06-1.17; I2 = 31.3%, p < 0.001). In the subgroup analysis, the results of the analysis for study types (case-control studies: RR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.06-1.27; I2 = 40.4%, p = 0.001; cohort studies: RR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.04-1.14; I2 = 0.0%, p < 0.001) and the results for light exposure types (outdoor LAN: RR = 1.07; 95% CI: 1.02-1.13; I2 = 30.9%, p = 0.004) are presented. In the analysis conducted for continents, the highest breast cancer risk was observed in the Asian population (Asian: RR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.15-1.34; I2 = 0.0%, p < 0.001) and in the analysis of estrogen receptor status (ER+: RR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.03-1.18; I2 = 17.0%, p = 0.005;). We also conducted an analysis on menopausal status and various lifestyles but did not find any statistically significant findings. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that LAN exposure is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, particularly in the Asian population. Among the existing hypotheses, the idea that LAN exposure leads to a decrease in melatonin is widely accepted. However, until the mechanism of this effect is clearly elucidated, it is not recommended to take melatonin supplements for breast cancer prevention without medical advice. We hope to conduct more high-quality research, especially concerning the investigation of other environmental confounding factors, to further advance this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ying Liu
- *Correspondence: Zhenglong Liu, : Ying Liu,
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Tang J, Yu T, Jiang Y, Xue P, Kong H, Lin C, Liu S, Tian Y. The association between sleep and early pubertal development in Chinese children: a school population-based cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1259172. [PMID: 38075047 PMCID: PMC10704028 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1259172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is an increasing tendency toward early pubertal development, and sleep might be related to pubertal onset. We aimed to investigate the association of sleep duration and bedtime with early pubertal development. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 8,007 children (53.6% boys) from Qufu city, Shandong province and Zhongshan city, Guangdong province, China. Data on sleep duration and bedtime were obtained by questionnaire. Early pubertal development was the primary outcome and it was evaluated by the pediatrician according to Tanner staging. Logistic regression models were used to separately examine the association between sleep duration or bedtime and early pubertal development, controlling body mass index (BMI), dietary pattern, soft drink, feeding pattern and mother's BMI. Results In boys, short sleep duration was strongly related to early pubertal development [OR (95%CI): 4.26 (1.30, 13.94)], and this association was intensified after adjusted BMI, dietary pattern, soft drink, feeding pattern and mother's BMI. In girls, OR (95%CI) was 1.62 (1.04, 2.51), and increased after controlling BMI. Bedtime was associated with early pubertal development on weekdays [OR (95%CI): 6.39 (1.54, 26.45) in boys and 1.93 (1.23, 3.05) in girls], but not on weekends [OR (95%CI): 2.49 (0.61, 10.21) in boys; 1.31 (0.76, 2.25) in girls]. Conclusion This study underscores the positive association between the risk of early pubertal development and insufficient sleep duration and late bedtime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Tang
- Hainan Branch, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Sanya, China
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Hainan Branch, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Sanya, China
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanrui Jiang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Xue
- Hainan Branch, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Sanya, China
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijun Kong
- Department of Pediatrics, Qu Fu People’s Hospital, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Cuilan Lin
- BoAi Hospital of Zhongshan, Southern Medical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shijian Liu
- Hainan Branch, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Sanya, China
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Small L, Lundell LS, Iversen J, Ehrlich AM, Dall M, Basse AL, Dalbram E, Hansen AN, Treebak JT, Barrès R, Zierath JR. Seasonal light hours modulate peripheral clocks and energy metabolism in mice. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1722-1735.e5. [PMID: 37689069 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Except for latitudes close to the equator, seasonal variation in light hours can change dramatically between summer and winter. Yet investigations into the interplay between energy metabolism and circadian rhythms typically use a 12 h light:12 h dark photoperiod corresponding to the light duration at the equator. We hypothesized that altering the seasonal photoperiod affects both the rhythmicity of peripheral tissue clocks and energy homeostasis. Mice were housed at photoperiods representing either light hours in summer, winter, or the equinox. Mice housed at a winter photoperiod exhibited an increase in the amplitude of rhythmic lipid metabolism and a modest reduction in fat mass and liver triglyceride content. Comparing melatonin-proficient and -deficient mice, the effect of seasonal light on energy metabolism was largely driven by differences in the rhythmicity of food intake and not melatonin. Together, these data indicate that seasonal light impacts energy metabolism by modulating the timing of eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewin Small
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leonidas S Lundell
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jo Iversen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amy M Ehrlich
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Dall
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Astrid L Basse
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emilie Dalbram
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ann N Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Romain Barrès
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d'Azur and CNRS, Nice, France.
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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29
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Lees J, Pèrtille F, Løtvedt P, Jensen P, Bosagna CG. The mitoepigenome responds to stress, suggesting novel mito-nuclear interactions in vertebrates. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:561. [PMID: 37736707 PMCID: PMC10515078 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09668-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondria are central in the cellular response to changing environmental conditions resulting from disease states, environmental exposures or normal physiological processes. Although the influences of environmental stressors upon the nuclear epigenome are well characterized, the existence and role of the mitochondrial epigenome remains contentious. Here, by quantifying the mitochondrial epigenomic response of pineal gland cells to circadian stress, we confirm the presence of extensive cytosine methylation within the mitochondrial genome. Furthermore, we identify distinct epigenetically plastic regions (mtDMRs) which vary in cytosinic methylation, primarily in a non CpG context, in response to stress and in a sex-specific manner. Motifs enriched in mtDMRs contain recognition sites for nuclear-derived DNA-binding factors (ATF4, HNF4A) important in the cellular metabolic stress response, which we found to be conserved across diverse vertebrate taxa. Together, these findings suggest a new layer of mito-nuclear interaction in which the nuclear metabolic stress response could alter mitochondrial transcriptional dynamics through the binding of nuclear-derived transcription factors in a methylation-dependent context.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Lees
- Evolutionsbiologiskt Centrum (EBC), Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75236, Sweden
| | - Fábio Pèrtille
- Evolutionsbiologiskt Centrum (EBC), Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75236, Sweden
| | - Pia Løtvedt
- Institutionen För Fysik, Kemi Och Biologi (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, 58330, Sweden
| | - Per Jensen
- Institutionen För Fysik, Kemi Och Biologi (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, 58330, Sweden
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30
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Nobari H, Azarian S, Saedmocheshi S, Valdés-Badilla P, García Calvo T. Narrative review: The role of circadian rhythm on sports performance, hormonal regulation, immune system function, and injury prevention in athletes. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19636. [PMID: 37809566 PMCID: PMC10558889 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study was a narrative review of the importance of circadian rhythm (CR), describes the underlying mechanisms of CR in sports performance, emphasizes the reciprocal link between CR, endocrine homeostasis and sex differences, and the unique role of the circadian clock in immune system function and coordination. Method As a narrative review study, a comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (core collection) databases using the keywords "circadian rhythm", "sports performance", "hormonal regulation", "immune system", and "injury prevention". Inclusion criteria were studies published in English and peer-reviewed journals until July 2023. Studies that examined the role of CR in sports performance, hormonal status, immune system function, and injury prevention in athletes were selected for review. Results CR is followed by almost all physiological and biochemical activities in the human body. In humans, the superchiasmatic nucleus controls many daily biorhythms under solar time, including the sleep-wake cycle. A body of literature indicates that the peak performance of essential indicators of sports performance is primarily in the afternoon hours, and the evening of actions occurs roughly at the peak of core body temperature. Recent studies have demonstrated that the time of day that exercise is performed affects the achievement of good physical performance. This review also shows various biomarkers of cellular damage in weariness and the underlying mechanisms of diurnal fluctuations. According to the clock, CR can be synchronized with photonic and non-photonic stimuli (i.e., temperature, physical activity, and food intake), and feeding patterns and diet changes can affect CR and redox markers. It also emphasizes the reciprocal links between CR and endocrine homeostasis, the specific role of the circadian clock in coordinating immune system function, and the relationship between circadian clocks and sex differences. Conclusion The interaction between insufficient sleep and time of day on performance has been established in this study because it is crucial to balance training, recovery, and sleep duration to attain optimal sports performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Nobari
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 56199-11367, Iran
| | - Somayeh Azarian
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 56199-11367, Iran
| | - Saber Saedmocheshi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, 66177-15175, Iran
| | - Pablo Valdés-Badilla
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, 3530000, Chile
- Sports Coach Career, School of Education, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar, 2520000, Chile
| | - Tomás García Calvo
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
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31
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Hand AJ, Stone JE, Shen L, Vetter C, Cain SW, Bei B, Phillips AJK. Measuring light regularity: sleep regularity is associated with regularity of light exposure in adolescents. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad001. [PMID: 36625482 PMCID: PMC10424172 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Light is the main time cue for the human circadian system. Sleep and light are intrinsically linked; light exposure patterns can influence sleep patterns and sleep can influence light exposure patterns. However, metrics for quantifying light regularity are lacking, and the relationship between sleep and light regularity is underexplored. We developed new metrics for light regularity and demonstrated their utility in adolescents, across school term and vacation. METHODS Daily sleep/wake and light patterns were measured using wrist actigraphy in 75 adolescents (54% male, 17.17 ± 0.83 years) over 2 weeks of school term and a subsequent 2-week vacation. The Sleep Regularity Index (SRI) and social jetlag were computed for each 2-week block. Light regularity was assessed using (1) variation in mean daily light timing (MLiT); (2) variation in daily photoperiod; and (3) the Light Regularity Index (LRI). Associations between SRI and each light regularity metric were examined, and within-individual changes in metrics were examined between school and vacation. RESULTS Higher SRI was significantly associated with more regular LRI scores during both school and vacation. There were no significant associations of SRI with variation in MLiT or daily photoperiod. Compared to school term, all three light regularity metrics were less variable during the vacation. CONCLUSIONS Light regularity is a multidimensional construct, which until now has not been formally defined. Irregular sleep patterns are associated with lower LRI, indicating that irregular sleepers also have irregular light inputs to the circadian system, which likely contributes to circadian disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Hand
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Julia E Stone
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lin Shen
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Céline Vetter
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Sean W Cain
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Bei Bei
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J K Phillips
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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32
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Castillo J, Tonon AC, Hidalgo MP, Silva A, Tassino B. Individual light history matters to deal with the Antarctic summer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12081. [PMID: 37495664 PMCID: PMC10372057 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39315-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of light, main zeitgeber of the circadian system, depends on the time of day it is received. A brief trip to the Antarctic summer (ANT) allowed us to explore the impact of a sudden and synchronized increase in light exposure on activity-rest rhythms and sleep patterns of 11 Uruguayan university students, and to assess the significance of light history in determining individual circadian phase shift. Measurements collected in the peri-equinox in Montevideo, Uruguay (baseline situation, MVD) and in ANT, included sleep logs, actigraphy, and salivary melatonin to determine dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO), the most reliable marker of circadian phase. The increase in light exposure in ANT with respect to MVD (affecting both light-sensitive windows with opposite effects on the circadian phase) resulted in no net change in DLMO among participants as some participants advanced their DLMO and some others delayed it. The ultimate cause of each participant's distinctive circadian phase shift relied on the unique change in light exposure each individual was subjected to between their MVD and ANT. This study shows an association between the individual light history and the circadian phase shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Castillo
- Grupo Cronobiología, Comisión Sectorial de Investigación Científica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - André C Tonon
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - María Paz Hidalgo
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Silva
- Grupo Cronobiología, Comisión Sectorial de Investigación Científica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Bettina Tassino
- Grupo Cronobiología, Comisión Sectorial de Investigación Científica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
- Sección Etología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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33
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Snipes S, Meier E, Meissner SN, Landolt HP, Huber R. How and when EEG reflects changes in neuronal connectivity due to time awake. iScience 2023; 26:107138. [PMID: 37534173 PMCID: PMC10391938 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Being awake means forming new memories, primarily by strengthening neuronal synapses. The increase in synaptic strength results in increasing neuronal synchronicity, which should result in higher amplitude electroencephalography (EEG) oscillations. This is observed for slow waves during sleep but has not been found for wake oscillations. We hypothesized that this was due to a limitation of spectral power analysis, which does not distinguish between changes in amplitudes from changes in number of occurrences of oscillations. By using cycle-by-cycle analysis instead, we found that theta and alpha oscillation amplitudes increase as much as 30% following 24 h of extended wake. These increases were interrupted during the wake maintenance zone (WMZ), a window just before bedtime when it is difficult to fall asleep. We found that pupil diameter increased during this window, suggesting the ascending arousal system is responsible. In conclusion, wake oscillation amplitudes reflect increased synaptic strength, except during the WMZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Snipes
- Child Development Center, University Children’s Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Elias Meier
- Child Development Center, University Children’s Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Nadine Meissner
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Peter Landolt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
- Sleep & Health Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Reto Huber
- Child Development Center, University Children’s Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
- Sleep & Health Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zürich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
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34
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Schamilow S, Santonja I, Weitzer J, Strohmaier S, Klösch G, Seidel S, Schernhammer E, Papantoniou K. Time Spent Outdoors and Associations with Sleep, Optimism, Happiness and Health before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Austria. Clocks Sleep 2023; 5:358-372. [PMID: 37489436 PMCID: PMC10366917 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep5030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Social restriction measures (SRM) implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic led to a reduction in time spent outdoors (TSO). The aim of this study was to describe TSO and evaluate its association with sleep outcomes, optimism, happiness and health-status before and during SRM. Two online surveys were conducted in 2017 (N = 1004) and 2020, during SRM (N = 1010), in samples representative of the age, sex and region of the Austrian population. Information on the duration of TSO, sleep, optimism, happiness and health-status was collected. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used to study the association of TSO with chronic insomnia, short sleep, late chronotype, optimism, happiness and self-rated health-status. The mean TSO was 3.6 h (SD: 2.18) in 2017 and 2.6 h (SD: 1.87) during times of SRM. Men and participants who were older, married or in a partnership and lived in a rural area reported longer TSO. Participants who spent less time outdoors were more likely to report short sleep or a late chronotype in both surveys and, in 2020, also chronic insomnia. Less TSO was associated with lower happiness and optimism levels and poor health-status. Our findings suggest that TSO may be a protective factor for sleep, mood and health, particularly during stressful and uncertain times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Schamilow
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabel Santonja
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakob Weitzer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Health Promotion and Prevention, Federal Ministry of the Republic of Austria for Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Strohmaier
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Klösch
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Seidel
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kyriaki Papantoniou
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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35
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Arrona-Palacios A, Lee JH, Czeisler CA, Duffy JF. The Timing of the Melatonin Onset and Phase Angle to Sleep Onset in Older Adults after Uncontrolled vs. Controlled Lighting Conditions. Clocks Sleep 2023; 5:350-357. [PMID: 37489435 PMCID: PMC10366720 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep5030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to explore how melatonin onset timing and phase angle to bedtime in healthy older adults are impacted by prior light exposure. A total of 13 healthy older (ages 56-74) individuals were studied on two successive evenings. Prior to the first evening, the participants were in self-selected lighting conditions for the first 4-6 h of the day and then were in dim light (3 lux) until their scheduled bedtime. On the second day, individuals from Project A remained in the dim lighting conditions throughout the entire day but those in Project B were in more typical indoor lighting (~90 lux) throughout the day. On both evenings, hourly blood samples were collected and assayed for melatonin, and melatonin onset timing and phase angle to sleep onset was determined. Overall, melatonin onset was earlier and the phase angle was larger on Night 1 than on Night 2. In Project A there was no significant difference between melatonin onset on night 1 vs. night 2. However, in Project B melatonin onset was significantly later on Night 2 (in typical indoor lighting) than on Night 1 (in dim lighting). Our results suggest that in older people, uncontrolled bright light early in the day did not impact the timing of dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) when assessed later that same evening. However, in older adults, exposure to ordinary room light during melatonin phase assessment appeared to suppress melatonin, leading to a later observed time of melatonin onset, as has been reported previously for young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Arrona-Palacios
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.A.-P.); (J.-H.L.); (C.A.C.)
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jung-Hie Lee
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.A.-P.); (J.-H.L.); (C.A.C.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chunchon 200-947, Republic of Korea
| | - Charles A. Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.A.-P.); (J.-H.L.); (C.A.C.)
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeanne F. Duffy
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.A.-P.); (J.-H.L.); (C.A.C.)
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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36
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Chen G, Tang Q, Yu S, Shen Y, Sun J, Peng J, Yin Y, Feng G, Lu X, Mei G, Zhang Y, Wan Q, Zhang L, Chen L. Developmental growth plate cartilage formation suppressed by artificial light at night via inhibiting BMAL1-driven collagen hydroxylation. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:1503-1516. [PMID: 37029304 PMCID: PMC10244380 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01152-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to artificial light at night (LAN) can induce obesity, depressive disorder and osteoporosis, but the pernicious effects of excessive LAN exposure on tissue structure are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that artificial LAN can impair developmental growth plate cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) formation and cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dilation, which in turn compromises bone formation. Excessive LAN exposure induces downregulation of the core circadian clock protein BMAL1, which leads to collagen accumulation in the ER. Further investigations suggest that BMAL1 is the direct transcriptional activator of prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha 1 (P4ha1) in chondrocytes, which orchestrates collagen prolyl hydroxylation and secretion. BMAL1 downregulation induced by LAN markedly inhibits proline hydroxylation and transport of collagen from ER to golgi, thereby inducing ER stress in chondrocytes. Restoration of BMAL1/P4HA1 signaling can effectively rescue the dysregulation of cartilage formation within the developmental growth plate induced by artificial LAN exposure. In summary, our investigations suggested that LAN is a significant risk factor in bone growth and development, and a proposed novel strategy targeting enhancement of BMAL1-mediated collagen hydroxylation could be a potential therapeutic approach to facilitate bone growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjin Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qingming Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shaoling Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jiwei Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jinfeng Peng
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Guangxia Feng
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Gang Mei
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qian Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Luoying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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37
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Zhang C, Zhu Z, Zhao J, Li Y, Zhang Z, Zheng Y. Ubiquitous light-emitting diodes: Potential threats to retinal circadian rhythms and refractive development. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 862:160809. [PMID: 36502986 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has increased considerably in the 21st century with humans living in a modern photoperiod with brighter nights and dimmer days. Prolonged exposure to LEDs, especially at night, is considered a new source of pollution because it may affect the synthesis and secretion of retinal melatonin and dopamine, resulting in negative impacts on retinal circadian clocks and potentially disrupting retinal circadian rhythms. The control of ocular refraction is believed to be related to retinal circadian rhythms. Moreover, the global prevalence of myopia has increased at an alarming rate in recent decades. The widespread use of LEDs and the rapid increase in the prevalence of myopia overlap, which is unlikely to be a coincidence. The connection among LEDs, retinal circadian rhythms, and refractive development is both fascinating and confusing. In this review, we aim to develop a systematic framework that includes LEDs, retinal circadian rhythms and refractive development. This paper summarizes the possible mechanisms by which LEDs may disrupt retinal circadian rhythms. We propose that prolonged exposure to LEDs may induce myopia by disrupting retinal circadian rhythms. Finally, we suggest several possible countermeasures to prevent LED interference on retinal circadian rhythms, with the hope of reducing the onset and progression of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Zhe Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Eye Institute, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Yanxia Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Zhaoying Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Yajuan Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
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38
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Edgar DT, Beaven CM, Gill ND, Zaslona JL, Driller MW. Operation early-bird: Investigating altered light exposure in military barracks on sleep and performance-a placebo-controlled study. J Sleep Res 2023:e13837. [PMID: 36793180 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The manipulation of light exposure in the evening has been shown to modulate sleep, and may be beneficial in a military setting where sleep is reported to be problematic. This study investigated the efficacy of low-temperature lighting on objective sleep measures and physical performance in military trainees. Sixty-four officer-trainees (52 male/12 female, mean ± SD age: 25 ± 5 years) wore wrist-actigraphs for 6 weeks during military training to quantify sleep metrics. Trainee 2.4-km run time and upper-body muscular-endurance were assessed before and after the training course. Participants were randomly assigned to either: low-temperature lighting (LOW, n = 19), standard-temperature lighting with a placebo "sleep-enhancing" device (PLA, n = 17), or standard-temperature lighting (CON, n = 28) groups in their military barracks for the duration of the course. Repeated-measures ANOVAs were run to identify significant differences with post hoc analyses and effect size calculations performed where indicated. No significant interaction effect was observed for the sleep metrics; however, there was a significant effect of time for average sleep duration, and small benefits of LOW when compared with CON (d = 0.41-0.44). A significant interaction was observed for the 2.4-km run, with the improvement in LOW (Δ92.3 s) associated with a large improvement when compared with CON (Δ35.9 s; p = 0.003; d = 0.95 ± 0.60), but not PLA (Δ68.6 s). Similarly, curl-up improvement resulted in a moderate effect in favour of LOW (Δ14 repetitions) compared with CON (Δ6; p = 0.063; d = 0.68 ± 0.72). Chronic exposure to low-temperature lighting was associated with benefits to aerobic fitness across a 6-week training period, with minimal effects on sleep measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Edgar
- Faculty of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.,New Zealand Defence Force, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - C Martyn Beaven
- Faculty of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas D Gill
- Faculty of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | | | - Matthew W Driller
- Faculty of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.,Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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Multi-Omics Reveal Interplay between Circadian Dysfunction and Type2 Diabetes. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020301. [PMID: 36829576 PMCID: PMC9953493 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is one of the leading threats to human health in the 21st century. It is a metabolic disorder characterized by a dysregulated glucose metabolism resulting from impaired insulin secretion or insulin resistance. More recently, accumulated epidemiological and animal model studies have confirmed that circadian dysfunction caused by shift work, late meal timing, and sleep loss leads to type 2 diabetes. Circadian rhythms, 24-h endogenous biological oscillations, are a fundamental feature of nearly all organisms and control many physiological and cellular functions. In mammals, light synchronizes brain clocks and feeding is a main stimulus that synchronizes the peripheral clocks in metabolic tissues, such as liver, pancreas, muscles, and adipose tissues. Circadian arrhythmia causes the loss of synchrony of the clocks of these metabolic tissues and leads to an impaired pancreas β-cell metabolism coupled with altered insulin secretion. In addition to these, gut microbes and circadian rhythms are intertwined via metabolic regulation. Omics approaches play a significant role in unraveling how a disrupted circadian metabolism causes type 2 diabetes. In the present review, we emphasize the discoveries of several genes, proteins, and metabolites that contribute to the emergence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). The implications of these discoveries for comprehending the circadian clock network in T2D may lead to new therapeutic solutions.
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40
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Multilayered optofluidics for sustainable buildings. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2210351120. [PMID: 36716371 PMCID: PMC9963926 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2210351120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoor climate control is among the most energy-intensive activities conducted by humans. A building facade that can achieve versatile climate control directly, through independent and multifunctional optical reconfigurations, could significantly reduce this energy footprint, and its development represents a pertinent unmet challenge toward global sustainability. Drawing from optically adaptive multilayer skins within biological organisms, we report a multilayered millifluidic interface for achieving a comprehensive suite of independent optical responses in buildings. We digitally control the flow of aqueous solutions within confined milliscale channels, demonstrating independent command over total transmitted light intensity (95% modulation between 250 and 2,500 nm), near-infrared-selective absorption (70% modulation between 740 and 2,500 nm), and dispersion (scattering). This combinatorial optical tunability enables configurable optimization of the amount, wavelength, and position of transmitted solar radiation within buildings over time, resulting in annual modeled energy reductions of more than 43% over existing technologies. Our scalable "optofluidic" platform, leveraging a versatile range of aqueous chemistries, may represent a general solution for the climate control of buildings.
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41
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Bidirectional Daily Associations Between Accelerometer-Measured Sleep and Physical Activity in Brazilian High School Students. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2023; 35:8-14. [PMID: 35613847 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2021-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study analyzed day-to-day estimates of bidirectional associations between sleep parameters and intensity-specific physical activity and assessed whether the timing of physical activity influences these relationships. METHODS The sample was comprised of 651 high school students (51.2% female, 16.33 [1.0] y old) from southern Brazil. Physical activity and sleep were measured using accelerometers. Multilevel models were applied to test associations of nocturnal total sleep time, onset, and efficiency with moderate to vigorous and light (LPA) physical activity. RESULTS Higher engagement in moderate to vigorous physical activity and LPA was associated with increased total sleep time, and this effect was greater when physical activity was performed in the morning. Morning and evening LPA were associated with increased sleep efficiency and reduced total sleep time, respectively. Practice of LPA in the morning leads to early sleep onset, whereas evening LPA was associated with later onset. Higher total sleep time and later sleep onset were associated with lower moderate to vigorous physical activity and LPA on the following day. However, higher sleep efficiency was associated with increased LPA. CONCLUSION The relationship between sleep parameters and physical activity is bidirectional and dependent on physical activity intensity and timing.
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Zhong C, Wang R, Morimoto LM, Longcore T, Franklin M, Rogne T, Metayer C, Wiemels JL, Ma X. Outdoor artificial light at night, air pollution, and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the California Linkage Study of Early-Onset Cancers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:583. [PMID: 36631468 PMCID: PMC9834257 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23682-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of cancer in children (age 0-14 years); however, the etiology remains incompletely understood. Several environmental exposures have been linked to risk of childhood ALL, including air pollution. Closely related to air pollution and human development is artificial light at night (ALAN), which is believed to disrupt circadian rhythm and impact health. We sought to evaluate outdoor ALAN and air pollution on risk of childhood ALL. The California Linkage Study of Early-Onset Cancers is a large population-based case-control in California that identifies and links cancer diagnoses from the California Cancer Registry to birth records. For each case, 50 controls with the same year of birth were obtained from birth records. A total of 2,782 ALL cases and 139,100 controls were identified during 2000-2015. ALAN was assessed with the New World Atlas of Artificial Night Sky Brightness and air pollution with an ensemble-based air pollution model of particulate matter smaller than 2.5 microns (PM2.5). After adjusting for known and suspected risk factors, the highest tertile of ALAN was associated with an increased risk of ALL in Hispanic children (odds ratio [OR] = 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.32). There also appeared to be a borderline association between PM2.5 level and risk of ALL among non-Hispanic White children (OR per 10 µg/m3 = 1.24, 95% CI 0.98-1.56). We observed elevated risk of ALL in Hispanic children residing in areas of greater ALAN. Further work is needed to understand the role of ALAN and air pollution in the etiology of childhood ALL in different racial/ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Zhong
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Libby M Morimoto
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkley, CA, USA
| | - Travis Longcore
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Meredith Franklin
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tormod Rogne
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Gemini Center for Sepsis Research, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Catherine Metayer
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkley, CA, USA
| | - Joseph L Wiemels
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiaomei Ma
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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Balajadia E, Garcia S, Stampfli J, Schrader B, Guidolin C, Spitschan M. Usability and Acceptability of a Corneal-Plane α-Opic Light Logger in a 24-h Field Trial. Digit Biomark 2023; 7:139-149. [PMID: 37901367 PMCID: PMC10601946 DOI: 10.1159/000531404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Exposure to light fundamentally influences human physiology and behaviour by synchronising our biological clock to the external light-dark cycle and controlling melatonin production. In addition to well-controlled laboratory studies, more naturalistic approaches to examining these "non-visual" effects of light have been developed in recent years. As naturalistic light exposure is quite unlike well-controlled stimulus conditions in the laboratory, it is critical to measure light exposure in a person-referenced way, the "spectral diet." To this end, light loggers have been developed to capture personalised light exposure. As an alternative to light sensors integrated into wrist-worn actimeters, pendants, or brooch-based light loggers, a recently developed wearable light logger laterally attached to spectacle frames enables the measurement of biologically relevant quantities in the corneal plane. Methods Here, we examine the usability and acceptability of using the light logger in an undergraduate student sample (n = 18, mean±1SD: 20.1 ± 1.7 years; 9 female; Oxford, UK) in real-world conditions during a 24-h measurement period. We probed the acceptability of the light logger using rating questionnaires and open-ended questions. Results Our quantitative results show a modest acceptability of the light logger. A thematic analysis of the open-ended questions reveals that the form factor of the device, in particular, size, weight, and stability, and reactions from other people to the wearer of the light logger, were commonly mentioned aspects. Conclusion In sum, the results indicate the miniaturisation of light loggers and "invisible" integration into extant everyday objects as key areas for future technological development, facilitating the availability of light exposure data for developing personalised intervention strategies in both research, clinical and consumer contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eljoh Balajadia
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sophie Garcia
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Janine Stampfli
- Lucerne School of Engineering and Architecture, Horw, Switzerland
| | - Björn Schrader
- Lucerne School of Engineering and Architecture, Horw, Switzerland
| | - Carolina Guidolin
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Translational Sensory & Circadian Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manuel Spitschan
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Translational Sensory & Circadian Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany
- TUM School of Medicine and Health, Chronobiology & Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, TUM Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Garching, Germany
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The spectral sensitivity of human circadian phase resetting and melatonin suppression to light changes dynamically with light duration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2205301119. [PMID: 36508661 PMCID: PMC9907124 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2205301119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human circadian, neuroendocrine, and neurobehavioral responses to light are mediated primarily by melanopsin-containing intrinsically-photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) but they also receive input from visual photoreceptors. Relative photoreceptor contributions are irradiance- and duration-dependent but results for long-duration light exposures are limited. We constructed irradiance-response curves and action spectra for melatonin suppression and circadian resetting responses in participants exposed to 6.5-h monochromatic 420, 460, 480, 507, 555, or 620 nm light exposures initiated near the onset of nocturnal melatonin secretion. Melatonin suppression and phase resetting action spectra were best fit by a single-opsin template with lambdamax at 481 and 483 nm, respectively. Linear combinations of melanopsin (ipRGC), short-wavelength (S) cone, and combined long- and medium-wavelength (L+M) cone functions were also fit and compared. For melatonin suppression, lambdamax was 441 nm in the first quarter of the 6.5-h exposure with a second peak at 550 nm, suggesting strong initial S and L+M cone contribution. This contribution decayed over time; lambdamax was 485 nm in the final quarter of light exposure, consistent with a predominant melanopsin contribution. Similarly, for circadian resetting, lambdamax ranged from 445 nm (all three functions) to 487 nm (L+M-cone and melanopsin functions only), suggesting significant S-cone contribution, consistent with recent model findings that the first few minutes of a light exposure drive the majority of the phase resetting response. These findings suggest a possible initial strong cone contribution in driving melatonin suppression and phase resetting, followed by a dominant melanopsin contribution over longer duration light exposures.
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Kunorozva L, Rae DE, Roden LC. Dim light melatonin onset following simulated eastward travel is earlier in young males genotyped as PER35/5 than PER34/4. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:1611-1623. [PMID: 36324294 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2139184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Inter-individual variability exists in recovery from jetlag following travel across time zones. Part of this variation may be due to genetic differences at the variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism of the PERIOD3 (PER3) gene as this polymorphism has been associated with chronotype and sleep, as well as sensitivity to blue light on melatonin suppression. To test this hypothesis we conducted a laboratory-based study to compare re-entrainment in males genotyped as PER34/4 (n = 8) and PER35/5 (n = 8) following simulated eastward travel across six time zones. The recovery strategy included morning blue-enriched light exposure and appropriately-timed meals during the first 24 h after simulated travel. Dim light melatonin onset (DLMO), sleep characteristics, perceived sleepiness levels (Stanford Sleepiness Scale), and resting metabolic parameters were measured during constant routine periods before and after simulated travel. While DLMO time was similar between the two groups prior to simulated eastward travel (p = .223), it was earlier in the PER35/5 group (17h23 (17h15; 17h37)) than the PER34/4 group (18h05 (17h53; 18h12)) afterwards (p = .046). During resynchronisation, perceived sleepiness and metabolic parameters were similar to pre-travel in both groups but sleep was more disturbed in the PER35/5 group (total sleep time: p = .008, sleep efficiency: p = .008, wake after sleep onset: p = .023). The PER3 VNTR genotype may influence the efficacy of re-entrainment following trans-meridian travel when blue-enriched light exposure is incorporated into the recovery strategy on the first day following travel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovemore Kunorozva
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dale E Rae
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre & Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Laura C Roden
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa.,Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre & Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences/School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
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Chen CX, Li TMH, Zhang J, Li SX, Yu MWM, Tsang CC, Chan KCC, Au CT, Li AM, Kong APS, Chan JWY, Wing YK, Chan NY. The impact of sleep-corrected social jetlag on mental health, behavioral problems, and daytime sleepiness in adolescents. Sleep Med 2022; 100:494-500. [PMID: 36272246 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the effect of sleep-corrected social jetlag (SJLsc) on mental health, behavioral problems, and daytime sleepiness in adolescents. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study which included 4787 adolescents (Mean age: 14.83±1.6y, 56.0% girls) recruited from 15 secondary schools in Hong Kong. SJLsc was defined as the absolute difference between sleep-corrected midsleep on weekdays and weekends, at which the sleep debt has been considered. It was classified into three groups: low-level ("LSJLsc", <1h), mid-level ("MSJLsc", ≥1h and <2h), and high-level of SJLsc ("HSJLsc", ≥2h). Adolescents' mental health, behavioral problems and daytime sleepiness were measured by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS). Logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline regression (RCS) analysis were applied with consideration of confounders including age, gender, puberty and sleep problems. RESULTS Nearly half (46.9%) of adolescents had SJLsc for at least 1 h. Greater SJLsc was associated with more behavioral difficulties (MSJLsc: OR: 1.20, p = 0.03; HSJLsc: OR: 1.34, p = 0.02) when controlling for age, sex, puberty, chronotype, insomnia, and time in bed. There was a dose-response relationship in which higher SJLsc had an increased risk of conduct problems and hyperactivity, while only high-level SJLsc was associated with a peer relationship problem. In RCS analysis, SJLsc was associated with a higher likelihood of behavioral difficulties (p = 0.03) but not poor mental health or daytime sleepiness. CONCLUSIONS Sleep-corrected social jetlag was a unique risk factor for behavioral problems in adolescents. Our findings highlighted the need for interventions to promote healthy sleep-wake patterns in school adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Xie Chen
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Tim Man Ho Li
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Jihui Zhang
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Center for Sleep and Circadian Medicine, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shirley Xin Li
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Mandy Wai Man Yu
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Chi Ching Tsang
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Kate Ching Ching Chan
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Laboratory for Paediatric Respiratory Research, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Chun Ting Au
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Laboratory for Paediatric Respiratory Research, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Albert Martin Li
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Laboratory for Paediatric Respiratory Research, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Alice Pik Shan Kong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Joey Wing Yan Chan
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Yun Kwok Wing
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Ngan Yin Chan
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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Iacobelli P. Circadian dysregulation and Alzheimer’s disease: A comprehensive review. BRAIN SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.26599/bsa.2022.9050021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the foremost variant of dementia, has been associated with a menagerie of risk factors, many of which are considered to be modifiable. Among these modifiable risk factors is circadian rhythm, the chronobiological system that regulates sleep‐wake cycles, food consumption timing, hydration timing, and immune responses amongst many other necessary physiological processes. Circadian rhythm at the level of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), is tightly regulated in the human body by a host of biomolecular substances, principally the hormones melatonin, cortisol, and serotonin. In addition, photic information projected along afferent pathways to the SCN and peripheral oscillators regulates the synthesis of these hormones and mediates the manner in which they act on the SCN and its substructures. Dysregulation of this cycle, whether induced by environmental changes involving irregular exposure to light, or through endogenous pathology, will have a negative impact on immune system optimization and will heighten the deposition of Aβ and the hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein. Given these correlations, it appears that there is a physiologic association between circadian rhythm dysregulation and AD. This review will explore the physiology of circadian dysregulation in the AD brain, and will propose a basic model for its role in AD‐typical pathology, derived from the literature compiled and referenced throughout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Iacobelli
- Department of Arts and Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
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48
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Minatoya Y, Shikano A, Tanabe K, Noi S. The relationship between light exposure and bedtime/wake-up time during school days, holidays and long-stay camp period in Japanese children. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2022.2151775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Minatoya
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Shikano
- Research Institute for Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Tanabe
- Research Institute for Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingo Noi
- Research Institute for Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
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Kim M, Son GI, Cho YH, Kim GH, Yun SE, Kim YJ, Chung J, Lee E, Park JJ. Reduced branched-chain aminotransferase activity alleviates metabolic vulnerability caused by dim light exposure at night in Drosophila. J Neurogenet 2022:1-11. [DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2022.2144292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Ic Son
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Ho Cho
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gye-Hyeong Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Yun
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkyeong Chung
- SRC Center for Systems Geroscience, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunil Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Jean Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Blume C, Niedernhuber M, Spitschan M, Slawik HC, Meyer MP, Bekinschtein TA, Cajochen C. Melatonin suppression does not automatically alter sleepiness, vigilance, sensory processing, or sleep. Sleep 2022; 45:zsac199. [PMID: 35998110 PMCID: PMC9644120 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Presleep exposure to short-wavelength light suppresses melatonin and decreases sleepiness with activating effects extending to sleep. This has mainly been attributed to melanopic effects, but mechanistic insights are missing. Thus, we investigated whether two light conditions only differing in the melanopic effects (123 vs. 59 lx melanopic EDI) differentially affect sleep besides melatonin. Additionally, we studied whether the light differentially modulates sensory processing during wakefulness and sleep. Twenty-nine healthy volunteers (18-30 years, 15 women) were exposed to two metameric light conditions (high- vs. low-melanopic, ≈60 photopic lx) for 1 h ending 50 min prior to habitual bed time. This was followed by an 8-h sleep opportunity with polysomnography. Objective sleep measurements were complemented by self-report. Salivary melatonin, subjective sleepiness, and behavioral vigilance were sampled at regular intervals. Sensory processing was evaluated during light exposure and sleep on the basis of neural responses related to violations of expectations in an oddball paradigm. We observed suppression of melatonin by ≈14% in the high- compared to the low-melanopic condition. However, conditions did not differentially affect sleep, sleep quality, sleepiness, or vigilance. A neural mismatch response was evident during all sleep stages, but not differentially modulated by light. Suppression of melatonin by light targeting the melanopic system does not automatically translate to acutely altered levels of vigilance or sleepiness or to changes in sleep, sleep quality, or basic sensory processing. Given contradicting earlier findings and the retinal anatomy, this may suggest that an interaction between melanopsin and cone-rod signals needs to be considered. Clinical Trial Registry: German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00023602, https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00023602.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Blume
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (institution, where the work was performed)
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Niedernhuber
- Consciousness and Cognition Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Manuel Spitschan
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (institution, where the work was performed)
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Translational Sensory and Circadian Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
- TUM Department of Sport and Health Sciences (TUM SG), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Helen C Slawik
- Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin P Meyer
- Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tristan A Bekinschtein
- Consciousness and Cognition Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christian Cajochen
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (institution, where the work was performed)
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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