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Shadid ILC, Guchelaar HJ, Weiss ST, Mirzakhani H. Vitamin D beyond the blood: Tissue distribution of vitamin D metabolites after supplementation. Life Sci 2024; 355:122942. [PMID: 39134205 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin D3's role in mineral homeostasis through its endocrine function, associated with the main circulating metabolite 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, is well characterized. However, the increasing recognition of vitamin D3's paracrine and autocrine functions-such as cell growth, immune function, and hormone regulation-necessitates examining vitamin D3 levels across different tissues post-supplementation. Hence, this review explores the biodistribution of vitamin D3 in blood and key tissues following oral supplementation in humans and animal models, highlighting the biologically active metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and the primary clearance metabolite, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. While our findings indicate significant progress in understanding how circulating metabolite levels respond to supplementation, comprehensive insight into their tissue concentrations remains limited. The gap is particularly significant during pregnancy, a period of drastically increased vitamin D3 needs and metabolic alterations, where data remains sparse. Within the examined dosage ranges, both human and animal studies indicate that vitamin D3 and its metabolites are retained in tissues selectively. Notably, vitamin D3 concentrations in tissues show greater variability in response to administered doses. In contrast, its metabolites maintain a more consistent concentration range, albeit different among tissues, reflecting their tighter regulatory mechanisms following supplementation. These observations suggest that serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels may not adequately reflect vitamin D3 and its metabolite concentrations in different tissues. Therefore, future research should aim to generate robust human data on the tissue distribution of vitamin D3 and its principal metabolites post-supplementation. Relating this data to clinically appropriate exposure metrics will enhance our understanding of vitamin D3's cellular effects and guide refinement of clinical trial methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iskander L C Shadid
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Henk-Jan Guchelaar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hooman Mirzakhani
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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2
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Maghbooli Z, Shirvani A, Moghadasi AN, Varzandi T, Hamtaei Ghashti S, Sahraian MA. Investigating the effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 on clinical outcomes in multiple sclerosis patients: A randomized, double-blind clinical trial- a pilot study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 87:105673. [PMID: 38759424 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2024.105673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary objective of this clinical trial was to assess whether administrating oral calcifediol (25(OH)D3) could enhance the clinical outcomes of patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. METHODS This clinical trial was designed as a randomized, double-blind, two-arm study, with 25 participants receiving daily 50 μg of calcifediol and 25 people receiving daily 50 μg of cholecalciferol. The primary outcomes were serum levels of 25(OH)D3, number of relapses, changes in Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), the 25-foot walk, and cognitive function. RESULTS At the end of the trial, delta serum concentrations of 25(OH)D3 were 85.32±40.94 ng/ml in the calcifediol group compared to 13.72±11.56 ng/ml in the cholecalciferol group; 84 % of the calcifediol group and none of the cholecalciferol group had circulating 25(OH)D3 concentrations exceeding 70 ng/ml. While both groups showed an overall trend towards improved cognitive function at the end of the study, the calcifediol group exhibited greater improvements in most cognitive tests. However, the trial had no significant beneficial effects on MS relapse, EDSS score, quality of life, or fatigue in either group, the calcifediol or cholecalciferol. CONCLUSIONS The trial shows that calcifediol is more effective in rapidly increasing 25(OH)D3 levels in MS patients compared to cholecalciferol when administrated at a similar dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhila Maghbooli
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neurosciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Shirvani
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Nutrition, Diabetes and Weight Management, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Abdorreza Naser Moghadasi
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neurosciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tarlan Varzandi
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neurosciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Hamtaei Ghashti
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neurosciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Sahraian
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neurosciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Pallone SG, Ohe MN, Dos Santos LM, Nacaguma IO, Kunii IS, da Silva REC, Maeda SS, Brandão CMA, Vieira JGH, Lazaretti-Castro M. Vitamin D supplementation in primary hyperparathyroidism: effects on 1,25(OH) 2 vitamin D and FGF23 levels. J Endocrinol Invest 2024:10.1007/s40618-024-02422-2. [PMID: 38922369 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02422-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE In patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) vitamin D deficiency has been associated with more severe presentations. Our aim was to investigate the effects of Vitamin D supplementation on mineral homeostasis and related hormones in individuals with and without PHPT. METHODS Individuals with and without PHPT (CTRL) received 14,000 IU/week of oral vitamin D3 for 12 weeks. At baseline and endpoint, blood samples were collected to measure 1,25(OH)2vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), intact Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23), 25OHD, Parathormone, and other biochemical markers. The 1,25(OH)2D measurement was performed using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS 70 PHPT patients and 75 CTRL were included, and 55 PHPT and 64 CTRL completed the 12-week protocol. After the intervention, there were significant increases in the FGF23 levels (PHPT: 47.9 ± 27.1 to 76.3 ± 33.3; CTRL: 40.5 ± 13.9 to 59.8 ± 19.8 pg/mL, p < 0.001), and significant decreases in 1,25(OH)2D levels (PHPT: 94.8 ± 34.6 to 68.9 ± 25.3; CTRL: 68.7 ± 23.5 to 56.4 ± 20.7 pg/mL, p < 0.001). The reduction of 1,25(OH)2D was inversely associated with the increase of FGF23 in both the PHPT (r = -0.302, p = 0.028) and CTRL (r = -0.278, p = 0.027). No changes in plasmatic or uninary calcium concentrations were observed in both groups. CONCLUSION The weekly administration of 14,000 IU of Vitamin D3 was safe and efficient to increase in 25OHD levels in both groups. However, a paradoxical decrease in 1,25(OH)2D levels measured by LC-MS/MS was associated with a significant increase in FGF23 levels in both groups. This phenomenon might represent a defense against hypercalcemia after vitamin D supplementation and paves the way for new studies in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Pallone
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 591, Cj 93-94, Vila Mariana, São Paulo, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - M N Ohe
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 591, Cj 93-94, Vila Mariana, São Paulo, 04023-062, Brazil.
| | - L M Dos Santos
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 591, Cj 93-94, Vila Mariana, São Paulo, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - I O Nacaguma
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 591, Cj 93-94, Vila Mariana, São Paulo, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - I S Kunii
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 591, Cj 93-94, Vila Mariana, São Paulo, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - R E C da Silva
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 591, Cj 93-94, Vila Mariana, São Paulo, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - S S Maeda
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 591, Cj 93-94, Vila Mariana, São Paulo, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - C M A Brandão
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 591, Cj 93-94, Vila Mariana, São Paulo, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - J G H Vieira
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 591, Cj 93-94, Vila Mariana, São Paulo, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - M Lazaretti-Castro
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 591, Cj 93-94, Vila Mariana, São Paulo, 04023-062, Brazil
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Rühl R, Bánáti D. Analysis of the current vitamin A terminology and dietary regulations from vitamin A 1 to vitamin A 5. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2024; 94:326-333. [PMID: 38506673 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Dietary recommendations on vitamin intake for human food fortification concerning vitamin A in various countries, larger economic zones and international organizations are mainly based on the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO) "Codex Alimentarius standards". The general vitamin A terminology is based on regulations of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) that are used to describe the involved derivatives. These regulations and terminology were set up in the middle of the last century. Starting with the decade of the 80ies in the 20th century a large improvement of molecular biological methodologies, background physiological mechanisms as well as analytical techniques contributed to a large diversification of this simply claimed vitamin A terminology. Unfortunately, the following terminology and governmental regulations for food fortification are imprecise and non-harmonized. In this article we tried to unravel this terminology for updating terminology, nutritional suggestions and governmental regulations for vitamin A, which are currently based on various uncertainties. According to the current regulations, the newly found vitamin A5/X can be included in the current vitamin A terminology as "vitamin A5" or alternatively or even in parallel as a new vitamin A-independent terminology as "vitamin X". Based on the detailed knowledge of research from the early beginning of general vitamin A pathway identification towards detailed research of the last decades the commonly used and simplified term vitamin A with relevance for governmental recommendations on vitamin intake and food fortification advice was now more correctly sub-categorized to further vitamin A1, and A5 sub-categories with vitamin A1-alcohol as retinol, vitamin A2-alcohol as 3,4-didehydroretinol and vitamin A5-alcohol as 9-cis-13,14-dihydroretinol as their mainly relevant vitamin forms present in the human organism. Here we suggest and advise how the vitamin A terminology and further governmental regulations should be organized depending on a successful unraveling of the organization of the current vitamin A terminology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diána Bánáti
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Hungary
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5
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Holick MF. Vitamin D and bone health: What vitamin D can and cannot do. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2024; 109:43-66. [PMID: 38777417 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Historically vitamin D deficiency had devastating consequences for children causing rickets resulting in severe bone deformities often leading to death. The mystery of the cause of rickets finally came to light when it was observed that cod liver oil and sunlight could prevent and cure rickets. The first vitamin D to be discovered was vitamin D2 from ergosterol in ultraviolet irradiated yeast. Vitamin D3 was discovered from UV exposure to the skin. Investigations revealed the two major functions of vitamin D were to increase intestinal calcium and phosphate absorption and mobilize calcium from the skeleton to maintain calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. Later studies demonstrated that vitamin D does not have an active role in bone mineralization. Vitamin D deficiency results in secondary hyperparathyroidism increasing bone resorption. As a result, this decreases bone mineral content and compromises the architectural integrity increasing risk for fracture. Vitamin D deficiency has also been shown to enhance aging of the bone causing cracks and enhancing bone fractures. Vitamin D deficiency also causes osteomalacia. Therefore, vitamin D sufficiency is extremely important to maximize bone health throughout life. It helps to prevent bone loss, but it cannot restore bone loss due to increased bone resorption that can occur under a variety of circumstances including menopause. The Endocrine Society Guidelines recommends for all ages that adequate vitamin D obtained from the sun, foods and supplements is necessary in order to maintain a circulating concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D of at least 30 ng/mL for maximum bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Holick
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Weight Management, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.
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6
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da Silva AD, Oliveira JS, de Castro IC, Paiva WC, Gomes JMG, Pimenta LCJP. Association of vitamin D and cognition in people with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:622-638. [PMID: 37403328 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT There is a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and impaired cognitive function in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). OBJECTIVE To critically and systematically review the literature on the association between vitamin D status and cognitive performance in people with type 2 diabetes. DATA SOURCES This review was conducted according to PRISMA recommendations. MEDLINE, SCOPUS, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched using the terms "Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2", "Cognitive Function", and "Vitamin D". DATA EXTRACTION Eight observational and 1 randomized study were included, containing data of 14 648 adult and elderly individuals (19-74 y). All extracted data were compiled, compared, and critically analyzed. DATA ANALYSIS There is no strong evidence that lower serum concentrations of vitamin D and vitamin D-binding protein are associated with worsening cognitive function in individuals with T2DM. Vitamin D supplementation (12 wk) improved the scores of some executive functioning tests, although there was no difference between low doses (5000 IU/wk) and high doses (50 000 IU/wk). CONCLUSIONS There is no high-quality evidence demonstrating an association between vitamin D status and cognitive function, or clinical benefits on cognition from vitamin D supplementation in individuals with T2DM. Future studies are needed. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021261520.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice D da Silva
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Julia S Oliveira
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Isabela C de Castro
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wanderléia C Paiva
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sudeste de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Júnia M G Gomes
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sudeste de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Laura C J P Pimenta
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Jin Z, Bertholf RL, Yi X. Advances and challenges in the measurement of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D: a comprehensive review. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2023; 60:535-548. [PMID: 37272827 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2023.2212765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D has received significant attention from clinical societies, researchers, and the general population in recent years. While 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is the most commonly-used biomarker of vitamin D status, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), its bioactive form, plays a critical role in regulating calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and is also involved in the immune system and cellular differentiation. Consequently, accurate measurements of 1,25(OH)2D can aid in the differential diagnosis of calcium-related disorders such as hypocalcemia in vitamin D-dependent rickets and hypercalcemia due to inappropriate increase of serum 1,25(OH)2D in granulomatous diseases. However, due to its lipophilicity and very low circulating concentration, the measurement of 1,25(OH)2D is particularly challenging. Over the past several decades, numerous efforts have been made to develop sensitive, specific, and practical laboratory methods for measuring 1,25(OH)2D. Methods using radioreceptor assay, radioimmunoassay, enzyme immunoassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, automated chemiluminescent immunoassay, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry have been described. Each of these methods has unique advantages and limitations, and some are no longer used. Despite the sophisticated methods in use today, substantial variations between methods still exist. A concerted effort toward standardization of 1,25(OH)2D measurement is needed to ensure accurate and reliable results across laboratories and methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Jin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Roger L Bertholf
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xin Yi
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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8
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Dennis C, Dillon J, Cohen DJ, Halquist MS, Pearcy AC, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD. Local production of active vitamin D 3 metabolites in breast cancer cells by CYP24A1 and CYP27B1. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 232:106331. [PMID: 37244301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The role of vitamin D3 and its metabolites in cancer and especially as a treatment option has been widely disputed. Clinicians noting low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] levels in their patients, recommend vitamin D3 supplementation as a method of reducing the risk of cancer; however, data supporting this are inconsistent. These studies rely on systemic 25(OH)D3 as an indicator of hormone status, but 25(OH)D3 is further metabolized in the kidney and other tissues under regulation by several factors. This study examined if breast cancer cells also possess the ability to metabolize 25(OH)D3, and if so, whether the resulting metabolites are secreted locally; if this ability reflects ERα66 status; and if they possess vitamin D receptors (VDR). To address this question, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) positive (MCF-7) and ERα negative (HCC38 and MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cell lines were examined for expression of ERα66, ERα36, CYP24A1, CYP27B1, and VDR as well as for local production of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25(OH)2D3] and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] after treatment with 25(OH)D3. The results showed that independent of ER status, breast cancer cells express the enzymes CYP24A1 and CYP27B1, which are responsible for converting 25(OH)D3 into its dihydroxylated forms. Moreover, these metabolites are produced at levels comparable to the levels observed in blood. They are positive for VDR, indicating that they can respond to 1α,25(OH)2D3, which can upregulate CYP24A1. These findings suggest that vitamin D metabolites may contribute to the tumorigenicity of breast cancer via autocrine and/or paracrine mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cydney Dennis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Jonathan Dillon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - David J Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Matthew S Halquist
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Bioanalytical Core Laboratory, Central Virginia Drug Abuse Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Adam C Pearcy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; Department of Periodontics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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Lapmanee S, Bhubhanil S, Sriwong S, Yuajit C, Wongchitrat P, Teerapornpuntakit J, Suntornsaratoon P, Charoenphandhu J, Charoenphandhu N. Oral calcium and vitamin D supplements differentially alter exploratory, anxiety-like behaviors and memory in male rats. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290106. [PMID: 37566598 PMCID: PMC10420380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral calcium and calcium plus vitamin D supplements are commonly prescribed to several groups of patients, e.g., osteoporosis, fracture, and calcium deficiency. Adequate and steady extracellular calcium levels are essential for neuronal activity, whereas certain forms of calcium supplement (e.g., CaCO3) probably interfere with memory function. However, it was unclear whether a long-term use of ionized calcium (calcium chloride in drinking water ad libitum), vitamin D supplement (oral gavage) or the combination of both affected anxiety and memory, the latter of which was probably dependent on the hippocampal neurogenesis. Here, we aimed to determine the effects of calcium and/or vitamin D supplement on the anxiety- and memory-related behaviors and the expression of doublecortin (DCX), an indirect proxy indicator of hippocampal neurogenesis. Eight-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups, i.e., control, calcium chloride-, 400 UI/kg vitamin D3-, and calcium chloride plus vitamin D-treated groups. After 4 weeks of treatment, anxiety-, exploration- and recognition memory-related behaviors were evaluated by elevated pulse-maze (EPM), open field test (OFT), and novel object recognition (NOR), respectively. The hippocampi were investigated for the expression of DCX protein by Western blot analysis. We found that oral calcium supplement increased exploratory behavior as evaluated by OFT and the recognition index in NOR test without any effect on anxiety behavior in EPM. On the other hand, vitamin D supplement was found to reduce anxiety-like behaviors. Significant upregulation of DCX protein expression was observed in the hippocampus of both calcium- and vitamin D-treated rats, suggesting their positive effects on neurogenesis. In conclusion, oral calcium and vitamin D supplements positively affected exploratory, anxiety-like behaviors and/or memory in male rats. Thus, they potentially benefit on mood and memory in osteoporotic patients beyond bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarawut Lapmanee
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Siam University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sakkarin Bhubhanil
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Siam University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Siriwan Sriwong
- Laboratory Animal Center, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Chaowalit Yuajit
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
| | - Prapimpun Wongchitrat
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Center for Research and Innovation, Mahidol University, Nakon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Jarinthorn Teerapornpuntakit
- Faculty of Medical Science, Department of Physiology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panan Suntornsaratoon
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jantarima Charoenphandhu
- Physiology Division, Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Narattaphol Charoenphandhu
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
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10
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Jodar E, Campusano C, de Jongh RT, Holick MF. Calcifediol: a review of its pharmacological characteristics and clinical use in correcting vitamin D deficiency. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1579-1597. [PMID: 36862209 PMCID: PMC9979899 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03103-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to the role of vitamin D in bone mineralization, calcium and phosphate homeostasis, and skeletal health, evidence suggests an association between vitamin D deficiency and a wide range of chronic conditions. This is of clinical concern given the substantial global prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency has traditionally been treated with vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) or vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol). Calcifediol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3) has recently become available more widely. METHODS By means of targeted literature searches of PubMed, this narrative review overviews the physiological functions and metabolic pathways of vitamin D, examines the differences between calcifediol and vitamin D3, and highlights clinical trials conducted with calcifediol in patients with bone disease or other conditions. RESULTS For supplemental use in the healthy population, calcifediol can be used at doses of up to 10 µg per day for children ≥ 11 years and adults and up to 5 µg/day in children 3-10 years. For therapeutic use of calcifediol under medical supervision, the dose, frequency and duration of treatment is determined according to serum 25(OH)D concentrations, condition, type of patient and comorbidities. Calcifediol differs pharmacokinetically from vitamin D3 in several ways. It is independent of hepatic 25-hydroxylation and thus is one step closer in the metabolic pathway to active vitamin D. At comparable doses to vitamin D3, calcifediol achieves target serum 25(OH)D concentrations more rapidly and in contrast to vitamin D3, it has a predictable and linear dose-response curve irrespective of baseline serum 25(OH)D concentrations. The intestinal absorption of calcifediol is relatively preserved in patients with fat malabsorption and it is more hydrophilic than vitamin D3 and thus is less prone to sequestration in adipose tissue. CONCLUSION Calcifediol is suitable for use in all patients with vitamin D deficiency and may be preferable to vitamin D3 for patients with obesity, liver disease, malabsorption and those who require a rapid increase in 25(OH)D concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Jodar
- grid.119375.80000000121738416Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Quirón Salud Madrid and Ruber Juan Bravo University Hospitals, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Campusano
- grid.440627.30000 0004 0487 6659Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Section, Clínica Universidad de los Andes and School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Renate T. de Jongh
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael F. Holick
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Vitamin D, Skin, and Bone Research Laboratory, Section Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Weight Management, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 85 E Newton St, M-1013, Boston, MA 02118 USA
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11
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Mandal SK, Tare M, Deepa PR. COVID-19 infection and metabolic comorbidities: Mitigating role of nutritional sufficiency and drug - nutraceutical combinations of vitamin D. HUMAN NUTRITION & METABOLISM 2023; 31:200179. [PMID: 38620788 PMCID: PMC9762046 DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2022.200179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The vulnerability of human health is amplified in recent times with global increase in non-communicable diseases (due to lifestyle changes and environmental insults) and infectious diseases (caused by newer pathogens and drug-resistance strains). Clinical management of diseases is further complicated by disease severity caused by other comorbid factors. Drug-based therapy may not be the sole approach, particularly in scenarios like the COVID-19 pandemic, where there is no specific drug against SARS-CoV-2. Nutritional interventions are significant in armouring human populations in disease prevention, and as adjunctive therapy for disease alleviation. Amidst ongoing clinical trials to determine the efficacy of Vit. D against infections and associated complications, this review examines the pleiotropic benefits of nutritional adequacy of vitamin D (Vit. D) in combating viral infections (COVID-19), its severity and complications due to co-morbidities (obesity, diabetes, stroke and Kawasaki disease), based on research findings and clinical studies. Supplements of Vit. D in combination with other nutrients, and drugs, are suggested as promising preventive-health and adjunct-treatment strategies in the clinical management of viral infections with metabolic comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar Mandal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Meghana Tare
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - P R Deepa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
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12
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Yang M, Ji W, Xu N, zong C, Gu J, Guo X, Zhang L. Association of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms with colorectal cancer susceptibility: A systematic meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32575. [PMID: 36607855 PMCID: PMC9829264 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have reported an association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk; however, the results are controversial. This meta-analysis was performed to investigate whether the Cdx-2, Tru9I, FokI, BsmI, TaqI, and ApaI polymorphisms were correlated with CRC susceptibility. METHODS All potential studies were retrieved by searching the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases through October 2, 2021. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals were used to evaluate the correlation between VDR gene Cdx-2, Tru9I, FokI, BsmI, TaqI, and ApaI polymorphisms and CRC risk. RESULTS In this meta-analysis, the BsmI variant was significantly correlated with a lower risk of CRC, especially in Caucasian population (B vs b: OR 0.94, 95%CI 0.90-0.99; BB vs bb: OR 0.88; 95%CI 0.79-0.97; BB vs Bb/bb: BB vs Bb/bb: OR 0.89; 95%CI 0.81-0.98). A statistically significant result from the FokI polymorphism was observed in colon cancer rather than rectal cancer (Ff vs FF: OR 0.86, 95%CI 0.84-0.93; ff/Ff vs FF: OR 0.88, 95%CI 0.79-0.98; ff vs Ff/FF: OR 0.90, 95%CI 0.82-0.99). Similarly, Cdx-2 polymorphism was found to be associated with decreased CRC risk among Africans (C vs c: OR 0.50, 95%CI 0.33-0.75; CC vs cc: OR 0.09, 95%CI 0.01-0.77; Cc vs cc: OR 0.49, 95%CI 0.30-0.81; CC/Cc vs cc: OR 0.45, 95%CI 0.28-0.74,). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that VDR polymorphisms are significantly associated with CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoquan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Wansheng Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Experimental Center for Medical Research, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ning Xu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Chuanju zong
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jinhua Gu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaojing Guo
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- *Correspondence: Li Zhang, Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China. e-mail:
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13
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Ogilvie AR, McGuire BD, Meng L, Shapses SA. Fracture Risk in Vegetarians and Vegans: the Role of Diet and Metabolic Factors. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2022; 20:442-452. [PMID: 36129610 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00754-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is strong evidence that poor dietary intake of certain micro- and macro-nutrients can negatively affect bone health. It is unclear if diet is the primary culprit for poor bone health in the vegan population. RECENT FINDINGS Plant-based diets are gaining public interest since they may improve metabolic health. Studies that examine vegetarians and vegans together show a lower bone mineral density (BMD), but not always increased fracture risk compared to omnivores. However, vegans consistently have higher risk of fracture at multiple bone sites, especially at the hip. There is higher fracture risk in vegans which may be due to calcium and vitamin D intake, as well as amount of dietary protein and quality. Other nutrients (B vitamins, Se, Zn, Fe, iodine) or physiological factors (lower body mass index, microbiome, or endocrine profile) may also play a role but have not been examined and require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Ogilvie
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Brandon D McGuire
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Lingqiong Meng
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Sue A Shapses
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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14
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Yang L, Zhai Z, Zhang J. The Role of Serum 1,25-Dihydroxy Vitamin D3 and PCT in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:8081-8092. [PMID: 36389018 PMCID: PMC9653052 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s386984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Biomarkers for the acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF) are urgently needed to provide better patient management. We aimed to investigate whether serum 1,25(OH)2D3 (1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3) levels predict AE-IPF and whether they could be a potential prognostic biomarker for IPF. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS This prospective study included 72 patients with IPF (31 with stable IPF and 41 with AE-IPF). All participants were recruited during hospitalisation at Tianjin Chest Hospital and were followed up for at least 12 months. Demographics, comorbidities, arterial blood gas, and serum biochemical profile, radiological features, and anti-fibrotic therapy were evaluated. Serum concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3 and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFβ1) were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Risk factors for AE-IPF were identified using multivariate analysis. Prognostic factors were assessed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. RESULTS Baseline values of alveolar-arterial oxygen difference (A-aDO2) (40.85 mmHg vs 29.2 mmHg, p =0.035), white blood cell counts (10.09 ± 4.2×109/L vs 7.46 ± 7.84×109/L, p <0.001), percentage of monocytes (7.36 ± 1.36% vs 6.6 ± 1.2%, p =0.017), C-reactive protein (CRP) (2.1 mg/dL vs 1.12 mg/dL, p =0.015) and procalcitonin (PCT) (36.59% vs 3.23%, p <0.001) were significantly higher in AE-IPF patients than in stable IPF patients. Instead, the mean concentration of serum calcium and 1,25(OH)2D3 at baseline were higher in IPF patients with stable disease than in those with acute exacerbation (2.17 ± 0.13 nmol/L vs 2.09 ± 0.13 nmol/L, p =0.023 and 16.62 pg/mL vs 11.58 pg/mL, p <0.001, respectively). In multivariate analysis, a higher proportion of patients with lower serum 1,25(OH)2D3 levels experienced AE-IPF (OR 0.884, 95% CI 0.791-0.987, p =0.029), and rising serum PCT level (PCT > 0.05 ng/mL) was associated with an increased risk of mortality (HR 3.664, 95% CI 1.010-12.900, p =0.043). CONCLUSION Decreased serum 1,25(OH)2D3 is associated with an increased risk of acute exacerbation for patients with IPF. A high serum PCT level is predictive of worse prognosis in IPF patients. 1,25(OH)2D3 may be a potential biomarker for AE-IPF, while PCT could be a prognostic biomarker for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhinan Zhai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinxiang Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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15
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The Multiple Effects of Vitamin D against Chronic Diseases: From Reduction of Lipid Peroxidation to Updated Evidence from Clinical Studies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061090. [PMID: 35739987 PMCID: PMC9220017 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D exerts multiple beneficial effects in humans, including neuronal, immune, and bone homeostasis and the regulation of cardiovascular functions. Recent studies correlate vitamin D with cancer cell growth and survival, but meta-analyses on this topic are often not consistent. Methods: A systematic search of the PubMed database and the Clinical Trial Register was performed to identify all potentially relevant English-language scientific papers containing original research articles on the effects of vitamin D on human health. Results: In this review, we analyzed the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D against acute and chronic diseases, focusing particularly on cancer, immune-related diseases, cardiomyophaties (including heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, and atherosclerosis) and infectious diseases. Conclusions: Vitamin D significantly reduces the pro-oxidant systemic and tissue biomarkers involved in the development, progression, and recurrence of chronic cardiometabolic disease and cancer. The overall picture of this review provides the basis for new randomized controlled trials of oral vitamin D supplementation in patients with cancer and infectious, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular diseases aimed at reducing risk factors for disease recurrence and improving quality of life.
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16
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Lucas R, Szklenar M, Mihály J, Szegedi A, Töröcsik D, Rühl R. Plasma Levels of Bioactive Vitamin D and A5 Ligands Positively Correlate with Clinical Atopic Dermatitis Markers. Dermatology 2022; 238:1076-1083. [PMID: 35609515 DOI: 10.1159/000524343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past decade, several controversial studies described a relationship between vitamin D and atopic diseases. Low plasma vitamin D levels or even vitamin D deficiency was associated with an increased incidence of atopic disease, postulating that a higher dietary intake of vitamin D may be a beneficial strategy against atopic diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD). OBJECTIVE Our aim was to determine the relationship between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) levels, the levels of the ligand of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) heterodimerization partner as well as the retinoid X receptor (RXR) and the active vitamin A5 derivative 9-cis-13,14-dihydroretinoic acid (9CDHRA) and AD severity. METHODS/RESULTS Samples from AD patients (n = 20) and healthy volunteers (n = 20) were assessed. In our study, the frequently measured VDR ligand precursor 25(OH)D3 in addition to the VDR-ligand 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) and 9CDHRA displayed no different levels when compared with the plasma of AD patients and healthy volunteers. When performing further correlation studies focusing on AD patients, plasma 25(OH)D3 levels showed a negative correlation with eosinophils in blood (EOS) and SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) values, while 1,25(OH)2D3 and 9CDHRA levels correlated positively with plasma IgE, EOS, and SCORAD values. CONCLUSION In consequence, the metabolic activation of vitamin D from 25(OH)D3 towards 1,25(OH)2D3 as well as the co-liganding of the RXR by 9CDHRA may be an important signalling mechanism, an important marker for AD development and severity as well as the basis for novel nutritional and pharmaceutical AD treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Lucas
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Johanna Mihály
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Szegedi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Daniel Töröcsik
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ralph Rühl
- Paprika Bioanalytics BT, Debrecen, Hungary.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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17
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Kessi-Pérez EI, González A, Palacios JL, Martínez C. Yeast as a biological platform for vitamin D production: A promising alternative to help reduce vitamin D deficiency in humans. Yeast 2022; 39:482-492. [PMID: 35581681 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is an important human hormone, known primarily to be involved in the intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate, but it is also involved in various non-skeletal processes (molecular, cellular, immune, and neuronal). One of the main health problems nowadays is the vitamin D deficiency of the human population due to lack of sun exposure, with estimates of one billion people worldwide with vitamin D deficiency, and the consequent need for clinical intervention (i.e., prescription of pharmacological vitamin D supplements). An alternative to reduce vitamin D deficiency is to produce good dietary sources of it, a scenario in which the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae seems to be a promising alternative. This review focuses on the potential use of yeast as a biological platform to produce vitamin D, summarizing both the biology aspects of vitamin D (synthesis, ecology and evolution, metabolism, and bioequivalence) and the work done to produce it in yeast (both for vitamin D2 and for vitamin D3 ), highlighting existing challenges and potential solutions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo I Kessi-Pérez
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CECTA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Adens González
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CECTA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - José Luis Palacios
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CECTA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Martínez
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CECTA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
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18
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Pavek P, Dusek J, Smutny T, Lochman L, Kucera R, Skoda J, Smutna L, Kamaraj R, Soucek P, Vrzal R, Dvorak Z. Gene expression profiling of 1α,25(OH)
2
D
3
treatment in 2D/3D human hepatocyte models reveals CYP3A4 induction but minor changes in other xenobiotic‐metabolizing genes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200070. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Pavek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Jan Dusek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Smutny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Lochman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Radim Kucera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Josef Skoda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Smutna
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Rajamanikkam Kamaraj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Soucek
- Toxicogenomics Unit National Institute of Public Health Prague Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics Biomedical Center Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen Charles University Pilsen Czech Republic
| | - Radim Vrzal
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics Faculty of Science Palacky University Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Dvorak
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics Faculty of Science Palacky University Olomouc Czech Republic
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19
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Maghbooli Z, Sahraian MA, Jamalimoghadamsiahkali S, Asadi A, Zarei A, Zendehdel A, Varzandi T, Mohammadnabi S, Alijani N, Karimi M, Shirvani A, Holick MF. Treatment With 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 3 (Calcifediol) Is Associated With a Reduction in the Blood Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Marker of Disease Severity in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19: A Pilot Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blinded Clinical Trial. Endocr Pract 2021; 27:1242-1251. [PMID: 34653608 PMCID: PMC8511889 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of oral 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) in improving vitamin D status in vitamin D-deficient/vitamin D-insufficient patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) virus. METHODS This is a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Participants were recruited from 3 hospitals that are affiliated to [Institution Blinded for Review] and [Institution Blinded for Review]. RESULTS A total 106 hospitalized patients who had a circulating 25(OH)D3 concentration of <30 ng/mL were enrolled in this study. Within 30 and 60 days, 76.4% (26 of 34) and 100% (24 of 24) of the patients who received 25(OH)D3 had a sufficient circulating 25(OH)D3 concentration, whereas ≤12.5% of the patients in the placebo group had a sufficient circulating 25(OH)D3 concentration during the 2-month follow-up. We observed an overall lower trend for hospitalization, intensive care unit duration, need for ventilator assistance, and mortality in the 25(OH)D3 group compared with that in the placebo group, but differences were not statistically significant. Treatment with oral 25(OH)D3 was associated with a significant increase in the lymphocyte percentage and decrease in the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in the patients. The lower neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was significantly associated with reduced intensive care unit admission days and mortality. CONCLUSION Our analysis indicated that oral 25(OH)D3 was able to correct vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency in patients with COVID-19 that resulted in improved immune function by increasing blood lymphocyte percentage. Randomized controlled trials with a larger sample size and higher dose of 25(OH)D3 may be needed to confirm the potential effect of 25(OH)D3 on reducing clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhila Maghbooli
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Sahraian
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Asma Asadi
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shohada Pakdasht Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Zarei
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Zendehdel
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ziaeian Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Scinces, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tarlan Varzandi
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Mohammadnabi
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Alijani
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Karimi
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Shirvani
- Vitamin D, Skin and Bone Research Laboratory, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Weight Management, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael F Holick
- Vitamin D, Skin and Bone Research Laboratory, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Weight Management, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
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20
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Balachandar R, Pullakhandam R, Kulkarni B, Sachdev HS. Relative Efficacy of Vitamin D 2 and Vitamin D 3 in Improving Vitamin D Status: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103328. [PMID: 34684328 PMCID: PMC8538717 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Widespread prevalence of vitamin D deficiency has been documented globally. Commonly used interventions to address this deficiency include supplementation and/or fortification with either ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) or cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), but the relative efficacy of these two vitamers is unclear. The current study aimed to evaluate the relative efficacy of ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) for raising the serum levels of vitamin D metabolites and functional indicators including serum parathyroid (PTH) levels, isometric muscle strength, hand grip strength and bone mineral density. METHODS Randomized and non-randomized controlled studies evaluating relative efficacy of ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol were systematically reviewed to synthesize quantitative and qualitative evidence as per the recommendations of according to "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analysis" guidelines. Search terms were constructed on the basis of the "participants", "intervention", "control", "outcome" and "study type" (PICOS) strategy to systematically search the popular electronic databases. Relevant data from studies meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria were extracted and analyzed. Meta-regression, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to investigate the influence of study-level characteristics including intervention dosage, frequency of dosing, interval between the last dose and test for outcome assessment, participant characteristics and analytical methods. RESULTS Apparently healthy human participants (n = 1277) from 24 studies were included for meta-analysis. The quantitative analysis suggested higher efficacy of cholecalciferol than ergocalciferol in improving total 25(OH)D (mean difference: 15.69, 95%CI: 9.46 to 21.93 nmol/L) and reducing PTH levels, consistently across variable participant demographics, dosage and vehicle of supplementation. Meta-regression suggested smaller differences in the efficacy of cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol at lower doses. Average daily dose was the single significant predictor of effect size, as revealed by multivariate meta-regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS Compared to ergocalciferol, cholecalciferol intervention was more efficacious in improving vitamin D status (serum levels of total 25(OH)D and 25(OH)D3) and regulating PTH levels, irrespective of the participant demographics, dosage and vehicle of supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Balachandar
- ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad 380016, India;
| | | | - Bharati Kulkarni
- ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500007, India;
- Correspondence:
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21
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Shankar AS, van den Berg SAA, Tejeda Mora H, Du Z, Lin H, Korevaar SS, van der Wal R, van den Bosch TPP, Clahsen-van Groningen MC, Gribnau J, Hoorn EJ, Baan CC, Hoogduijn MJ. Vitamin D metabolism in human kidney organoids. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 37:190-193. [PMID: 34534339 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human kidney organoids possess early glomerular and tubular function. However, little is known about their hormone producing ability. In this report, we show that kidney organoids take up and metabolize inactive 25(OH) vitamin D (25(OH)D3). Uptake of 25(OH)D3 led to a significant upregulation of vitamin D metabolizing CYP24A1 mRNA levels, indicating that kidney organoids possess a feedback mechanism to control active vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3) levels. They therefore resemble the kidney in its regulation of vitamin D and illustrate the presence of the kidney endocrine system in organoids. These findings underscore the value of kidney organoids for research into the hormonal function of the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha S Shankar
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd A A van den Berg
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hector Tejeda Mora
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zhaoyu Du
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hui Lin
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander S Korevaar
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald van der Wal
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Joost Gribnau
- Department of Developmental Biology and iPS Core Facility, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ewout J Hoorn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carla C Baan
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M J Hoogduijn
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Sari DK, Sari LM, Laksmi LI, Farhat F. The Use of 25-hydroxyvitamin D Saliva Test to Replace Vitamin D Serum Blood Test in Healthy People. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Routine examination of Vitamin D levels is carried out by checking serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels which indicate circulating Vitamin D levels. While serum 1.25(OH)D levels are less frequently performed, although serum 1.25(OH)D levels represent the active form of Vitamin D be a substitute for checking Vitamin D levels.
AIMS: This study aims to see the correlation between Vitamin D levels, namely, 25(OH)D and 1.25(OH)D saliva, which correlate with serum 25(OH)D and 1.25(OH)D levels so that the examination of salivary Vitamin D levels can be a substitute for checking serum Vitamin D levels.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study is a cross-sectional study involving healthy men and women, aged 20–50 years, sampling in Lima Puluh Village, Batubara District, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The parameters studied were 25(OH)D and 1.25(OH)D levels of saliva and serum.
RESULTS: This study involved 56 study subjects, male and female, with a percentage of deficiencies of 78.6% by examining 25(OH)D saliva and 76.8% by examining 25(OH)D serum. As for the 1.25(OH)D examination of saliva and serum, all were within normal limits. The analysis showed that a moderate correlation was obtained for levels of 25(OH)D saliva with serum 25(OH)D (p = 0.424) and a weak correlation for levels of 1.25(OH)D saliva with serum 25(OH)D (p = 0.339).
CONCLUSIONS: Salivary 25(OH)D assay can be used to replace serum 25(OH)D assay in healthy people as a non-invasive alternative.
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Sari DK, Sari LM, Laksmi LI, Farhat. The Moderate Correlation Between 25(OH)D Serum and Saliva in Healthy People with Low Vitamin D Intake. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:841-850. [PMID: 33737828 PMCID: PMC7961134 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s302912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The routine examination of vitamin D levels is carried out by checking serum 25(OH)D levels, while serum 1.25(OH)D levels are less frequently utilized. The proposition that testing for salivary vitamin D can show a correlation with serum levels in healthy people is questionable, especially with low vitamin D intake. This study aimed to find the correlation between vitamin D levels, which were assessed as 25(OH)D and 1.25(OH)D in saliva, and serum 25(OH)D and 1.25(OH)D levels in people with low vitamin D intake. Patients and Methods This study is a cross-sectional study involving healthy men and women, aged 18–60 years, carried out from August to November, 2020, in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The parameters studied were the 25(OH)D and 1.25(OH)D levels in saliva and serum, and vitamin D intake. The statistical analysis used was the Spearman correlation test, performed to determine the correlation between each parameter. Results This study involved 56 study subjects, who were rural adults (male or female) with a 78.6% deficiency in 25(OH)D found by examining saliva, and a 76.8% deficiency found by examining the serum. All of the subjects were categorized as having low vitamin D intake (less than 15 micrograms per day). The analysis showed a moderate correlation between levels of saliva 25(OH)D and serum 25(OH)D (p = 0.424), and a weak correlation between levels of saliva 1.25(OH)D and serum 25(OH)D (p = 0.339). Conclusion In people with low vitamin D intake, there was a moderate correlation between serum 25(OH)D and saliva, but a weak correlation was found in the 1.25(OH)D assay. The use of saliva 25(OH)D levels to detect 25(OH)D in the circulation is a possible non-invasive alternative to serum testing. ![]()
Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/AxWZxKv9Tyo
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Keumala Sari
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Liza Meutia Sari
- Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Syah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Lidya Imelda Laksmi
- Anatomy Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Farhat
- Ear, Nose, Throat, Head and Neck Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
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Abstract
Vitamin D is essential for bone health and is known to be involved in immunomodulation and cell proliferation. Vitamin D status remains a significant health issue worldwide. However, there has been no clear consensus on vitamin D deficiency and its measurement in serum, and clinical practice of vitamin D deficiency treatment remains inconsistent. The major circulating metabolite of vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), is widely used as a biomarker of vitamin D status. Other metabolic pathways are recognised as important to vitamin D function and measurement of other metabolites may become important in the future. The utility of free 25(OH)D rather than total 25(OH)D needs further assessment. Data used to estimate the vitamin D intake required to achieve a serum 25(OH)D concentration were drawn from individual studies which reported dose-response data. The studies differ in their choice of subjects, dose of vitamin D, frequency of dosing regimen and methods used for the measurement of 25(OH)D concentration. Baseline 25(OH)D, body mass index, ethnicity, type of vitamin D (D2 or D3) and genetics affect the response of serum 25(OH)D to vitamin D supplementation. The diversity of opinions that exist on this topic are reflected in the guidelines. Government and scientific societies have published their recommendations for vitamin D intake which vary from 400-1000 IU/d (10-25 μg/d) for an average adult. It was not possible to establish a range of serum 25(OH)D concentrations associated with selected non-musculoskeletal health outcomes. To recommend treatment targets, future studies need to be on infants, children, pregnant and lactating women.
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LC-MS/MS quantification of fat soluble vitamers - A systematic review. Anal Biochem 2020; 613:113980. [PMID: 33065116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fat soluble vitamers (FSV) are several biochemically diverse micronutrients essential for healthy development, growth, metabolism, and cell regulation. We cannot synthesize FSV completely or at the required concentrations. Deficiency or excess of FSV can result in many health problems. Plasma is the most accessible sample matrix for the quantification of FSV. However, due to its complexity and other analytical challenges (e.g., FSV sensitivity to light, oxygen, heat, pH, chemical heterogeneity, standard availability), developing a method for the simultaneous quantification of multiple FSV at physiological concentrations has been challenging. In this systematic review, we examine the parameters and criteria used in existing Liquid Chromatography with tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods for FSV quantification to the extraction method, chromatographic resolution, matrix effects, and method validation as critical to a sensitive and robust method. We conclude that the final FSV method sensitivity is predominantly based on aforementioned criteria and future method development using LC-MS/MS will benefit from the application of this systematic review.
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Holick MF. The D-Sparaging of Vitamin D2: How Physiologically and Pharmacologically Relevant Is It for the Clinician? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:dgz290. [PMID: 31867669 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Holick
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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Sunlight, UV Radiation, Vitamin D, and Skin Cancer: How Much Sunlight Do We Need? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1268:19-36. [PMID: 32918212 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-46227-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is the sunshine vitamin for good reason. During exposure to sunlight, the ultraviolet B photons enter the skin and photolyze 7-dehydrocholesterol to previtamin D3 which in turn is isomerized by the body's temperature to vitamin D3. Most humans have depended on sun for their vitamin D requirement. Skin pigment, sunscreen use, aging, time of day, season, and latitude dramatically affect previtamin D3 synthesis. Vitamin D deficiency was thought to have been conquered, but it is now recognized that more than 50% of the world's population is at risk for vitamin D deficiency. This deficiency is in part due to the inadequate fortification of foods with vitamin D and the misconception that a healthy diet contains an adequate amount of vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency causes growth retardation and rickets in children and will precipitate and exacerbate osteopenia, osteoporosis and increase risk of fracture in adults. The vitamin D deficiency pandemic has other serious consequences including increased risk of common cancers, autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and cardiovascular disease. There needs to be a renewed appreciation of the beneficial effect of moderate sensible sunlight for providing all humans with their vitamin D requirement for health.
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Randomized clinical trials of oral vitamin D supplementation in need of a paradigm change: The vitamin D autacoid paradigm. Med Hypotheses 2020; 134:109417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Zhu H, Wu R, Gu Z, Ji M, Xu Q. Vitamin D3 Is Transformed into 1,25(OH)2D3 by Triggering CYP3A11(CYP3A4) Activity and Hydrolyzing Midazolam. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:9159-9166. [PMID: 31787743 PMCID: PMC6910122 DOI: 10.12659/msm.917904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D3 (VD3) is a commonly used supplement in clinical practice. Cytochrome P450 3A11 (CYP3A11) is the most important monomeric enzyme involved in metabolism of drugs. This study aimed to investigate effects of vitamin D3 (VD3) on CYP3A11 activity. Material/Methods Forty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided a Control group (peanut oil 0.1 ml/kg/d), a Low-VD3 group (100 IU/kg/d), a Medium-VD3 group (400 IU/kg/d), and a High-VD3 (1600 IU/kg/d) group. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein after midazolam (MDZ) administration. CYP3A11 expressions in liver and colon were detected by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay. The concentration of serum 25(OH)D3 and serum 1,25(OH)2D3 were evaluated using ELISA. Effects of different dosages of vitamin D3 on metabolism of MDZ were evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results Vitamin D3 significantly enhanced serum 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 levels in rats compared to Control rats (p<0.05). Expressions of hepatic CYP3A11 were more than 10-fold higher in rats treated with vitamin D3 compared to Control rats (p<0.05). Expressions of colon CYP3A11 were 5-fold higher than in Control rats (p<0.05). CYP3A11 expressions in vitamin D3-treated groups were significantly higher compared to the Control group (p<0.05). MDZ levels were significantly higher in vitamin D3-treated rats compared to that in Control rats (p<0.05). Concentrations of serum MDZ at every sampling point were remarkably lower in the vitamin D3-treated rats than in Control rats (p<0.05). Conclusions Vitamin D3 was transformed into 1,25(OH)2D3 by triggering CYP3A11 and CYP3A11 activity and by hydrolyzing MDZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanfei Zhu
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Ruihan Wu
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Zijun Gu
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Minghui Ji
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Qin Xu
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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Martineau AR, Thummel KE, Wang Z, Jolliffe DA, Boucher BJ, Griffin SJ, Forouhi NG, Hitman GA. Differential Effects of Oral Boluses of Vitamin D2 vs Vitamin D3 on Vitamin D Metabolism: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:5831-5839. [PMID: 31199458 PMCID: PMC6797055 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 have been hypothesized to exert differential effects on vitamin D metabolism. OBJECTIVE To compare the influence of administering vitamin D2 vs vitamin D3 on metabolism of vitamin D3. METHODS We measured baseline and 4-month serum concentrations of vitamin D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3], 25-hydroxyvitamin D2, 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24R,25(OH)2D3], 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3], and 4β,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [4β,25(OH)2D3] in 52 adults randomized to receive a total of four oral bolus doses of 2.5 mg vitamin D2 (n = 28) or vitamin D3 (n = 24) over four months. Metabolite-to-parent compound ratios were calculated to estimate hydroxylase activity. Pairwise before vs after comparisons were made to evaluate effects of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 on metabolism of vitamin D. Mean postsupplementation metabolite-to-parent ratios were then compared between groups. RESULTS Vitamin D2 was less effective than vitamin D3 in elevating total serum 25(OH)D concentration. Vitamin D2 suppressed mean four-month serum concentrations of 25(OH)D3, 24R,25(OH)2D3, 1α,25(OH)2D3, and 4β,25(OH)2D3 and mean ratios of 25(OH)D3 to D3 and 1α,25(OH)2D3 to 25(OH)D3, while increasing the mean ratio of 24R,25(OH)2D3 to 25(OH)D3. Vitamin D3 increased mean four-month serum concentrations of 25(OH)D3, 24R,25(OH)2D3, 1α,25(OH)2D3, and 4β,25(OH)2D3 and the mean ratio of 24R,25(OH)2D3 to 25(OH)D3. Participants receiving vitamin D2 had lower mean postsupplementation ratios of 25(OH)D3 to vitamin D3 and 1α,25(OH)2D3 to 25(OH)D3 than those receiving vitamin D3. Mean postsupplementation ratios of 24R,25(OH)2D3 to 25(OH)D3 and 4β,25(OH)2D3 to 25(OH)D3 did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS Bolus-dose vitamin D2 is less effective than bolus-dose vitamin D3 in elevating total serum 25(OH)D concentration. Administration of vitamin D2 reduces 25-hydroxylation of vitamin D3 and 1-α hydroxylation of 25(OH)D3, while increasing 24R-hydroxylation of 25(OH)D3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian R Martineau
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Adrian R. Martineau, PhD, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 58 Turner Street, London E1 2AB, United Kingdom. E-mail:
| | - Kenneth E Thummel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Zhican Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - David A Jolliffe
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara J Boucher
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J Griffin
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nita G Forouhi
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Graham A Hitman
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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A systematic review and meta-analysis of the response of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration to vitamin D supplementation from RCTs from around the globe. Eur J Clin Nutr 2019; 73:816-834. [PMID: 30872787 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-019-0417-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Optimal doses of vitamin D (VitD) supplement in different populations are unclear. We aim to evaluate the relationship between VitD supplementation and post-intervention serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration, to provide a recommended dosage of VitD for achieving an optimal 25(OH)D concentration for different populations. SUBJECTS/METHODS Literature search was conducted in Embase, etc. Randomized controlled trials about VitD supplemental intakes and their effect on 25(OH)D concentration were enrolled. The effect on 25(OH)D concentration between different supplementation doses in each population group was compared by meta-analysis. Multivariate meta-regression model is utilized to establish reference intake dosage of VitD. RESULTS A total of 136 articles were included about children (3-17 years), adults (18-64 years), postmenopausal women, the elderly ( >64 years), pregnant, or lactating women. Overall, intervention groups obtained higher 25(OH)D concentration than controls and there was obvious dose-response effect between intake dose and 25(OH)D concentration. Baseline 25(OH)D concentration and age were significant indicators for 25(OH)D concentration. To reach sufficient 25(OH)D concentration (75 nmol/L), the recommended VitD supplemental intakes was 1340 and 2250 IU/day for children and pregnant women, 2519 and 797 IU/day for European adults aged 18-64 and 65-85 years, 729, 2026, and 1229 IU/day for adults in North America, Asia and Middle East and Africa, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Regional- and age-specific recommended dosages of VitD supplements for population to achieve optimal 25(OH)D concentrations have been suggested.
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Hammami MM, Abuhdeeb K, Hammami S, Yusuf A. Vitamin-D2 treatment-associated decrease in 25(OH)D3 level is a reciprocal phenomenon: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Endocr Disord 2019; 19:8. [PMID: 30658603 PMCID: PMC6339397 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-019-0337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin-D2 (D2) treatment has been associated with a decrease in 25-hydroxy (25(OH)) vitamin-D3 (D3) level, suggesting that D3 treatment would be preferred to raise total 25(OH) vitamin-D (D) level. We postulated that D2 treatment-associated decrease in 25(OH)D3 level is related to the increase in 25(OH)D level rather than being D2-specific, and thus there would be a similar D3 treatment-associated decrease in 25(OH)D2 level. METHODS Fifty volunteers were block-randomized to 50,000 IU D2 or placebo orally once (study-1) and fifty volunteers received 50,000 IU D2 orally once and 4 days later block-randomized to 50,000 IU D3 or placebo orally once (study-2). Interventions were concealed from volunteers and research coordinators and blindly-administered. Serum 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 levels were blindly-determined at baseline and days 14, 28, 42, and 56, post-randomization by high performance liquid chromatography assay. Results of 97 participants were analyzed. Primary outcome measure was day-28 D2-associated change in 25(OH)D3 level in study-1 and D3-associated change in 25(OH)D2 level in study-2, adjusted for baseline levels. RESULTS Mean (95% confidence interval) difference between the active and placebo arms in the decrease in day-28 25(OH)D3 (study-1) and 25(OH)D2 (study-2) levels was 13.2 (9.7 to 16.6) and 9.8 (5.2 to 14.4) nmol/L, respectively. Corresponding differences at day-56 were 10.8 (6.8 to 14.8) and 1.7 (- 7.6 to 11.1) nmol/L, respectively. The difference between the placebo and active arms in area-under-the-curve at day-28 (AUC28) and day-56 (AUC56) were 262.3 (197.8 to 326.7) and 605.1 (446.3 to 784.0) for 25(OH)D3 (study-1) and 282.2 (111.2 to 453.3) and 431.2 (179.3 to 683.2) nmol.d/L for 25(OH)D2 (study-2), respectively. There were significant correlations between day-28 changes in 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 levels in study-1 (rho = - 0.79, p < 0.001) and study-2 (rho = - 0.36, p = 0.01), and between day-28 changes in 25(OH)D2 level and baseline 25(OH)D level in study-2 (rho = - 0.42, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Compared to placebo, D3 treatment is associated with a decrease in 25(OH)D2 level similar in magnitude to D2-treatment associated decrease in 25(OH)D3 level; however, the D3-placebo difference in 25(OH)D2 level is shorter-lasting. Changes in 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 levels are correlated with each other and with baseline 25 (OH) D levels, suggesting a common regulatory mechanism. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrial.gov identifier: NCT03035084 (registered January 27, 2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad M. Hammami
- Department King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Clinical Studies and Empirical Ethics, P O Box # 3354, Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
- Alfaisal University College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kafa Abuhdeeb
- Department King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Clinical Studies and Empirical Ethics, P O Box # 3354, Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Safa Hammami
- St. Mary Medical Center, San Francisco, California USA
| | - Ahmed Yusuf
- Department King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Clinical Studies and Empirical Ethics, P O Box # 3354, Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
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Hu W, Zhang L, Li MX, Shen J, Liu XD, Xiao ZG, Wu DL, Ho IHT, Wu JCY, Cheung CKY, Zhang YC, Lau AHY, Ashktorab H, Smoot DT, Fang EF, Chan MTV, Gin T, Gong W, Wu WKK, Cho CH. Vitamin D3 activates the autolysosomal degradation function against Helicobacter pylori through the PDIA3 receptor in gastric epithelial cells. Autophagy 2019; 15:707-725. [PMID: 30612517 PMCID: PMC6526874 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1557835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a common human pathogenic bacterium. Once infected, it is difficult for the host to clear this organism using the innate immune system. Increased antibiotic resistance further makes it challenging for effective eradication. However, the mechanisms of immune evasion still remain obscure, and novel strategies should be developed to efficiently eliminate H. pylori infection in stomachs. Here we uncovered desirable anti-H. pylori effect of vitamin D3 both in vitro and in vivo, even against antibiotic-resistant strains. We showed that H. pylori can invade into the gastric epithelium where they became sequestered and survived in autophagosomes with impaired lysosomal acidification. Vitamin D3 treatment caused a restored lysosomal degradation function by activating the PDIA3 receptor, thereby promoting the nuclear translocation of PDIA3-STAT3 protein complex and the subsequent upregulation of MCOLN3 channels, resulting in an enhanced Ca2+ release from lysosomes and normalized lysosomal acidification. The recovered lysosomal degradation function drives H. pylori to be eliminated through the autolysosomal pathway. These findings provide a novel pathogenic mechanism on how H. pylori can survive in the gastric epithelium, and a unique pathway for vitamin D3 to reactivate the autolysosomal degradation function, which is critical for the antibacterial action of vitamin D3 both in cells and in animals, and perhaps further in humans. Abbreviations: 1,25D3: 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3; ATG5: autophagy related 5; Baf A1: bafilomycin A1; BECN1: beclin 1; CagA: cytotoxin-associated gene A; CFU: colony-forming unit; ChIP-PCR: chromatin immunoprecipitation-polymerase chain reaction; Con A: concanamycin A; CQ: chloroquine; CRISPR: clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; CTSD: cathepsin D; GPN: Gly-Phe-β-naphthylamide; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MCOLN1: mucolipin 1; MCOLN3: mucolipin 3; MCU: mitochondrial calcium uniporter; MOI: multiplicity of infection; NAGLU: N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase; PDIA3: protein disulfide isomerase family A member 3; PMA: phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate; PRKC: protein kinase C; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; STAT3: signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; SS1: Sydney Strain 1; TRP: transient receptor potential; VacA: vacuolating cytotoxin; VD3: vitamin D3; VDR: vitamin D receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China;,Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China,Institute of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming Xing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiao Dong Liu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhan Gang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ding Lan Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, The Clinical Innovation & Research Center (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Idy H. T. Ho
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Justin C. Y. Wu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cynthia K. Y. Cheung
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Chen Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alaster H. Y. Lau
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hassan Ashktorab
- Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA,Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA,Howard University Hospital, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Duane T. Smoot
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Evandro F. Fang
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Matthew T. V. Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tony Gin
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Tony Gin Department of Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China;,Wei Gong Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - William K. K. Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Institute of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,William K. K. Wu FRCPath, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Hin Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China,CONTACT Chi Hin Cho Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Dai Q, Zhu X, Manson JE, Song Y, Li X, Franke AA, Costello RB, Rosanoff A, Nian H, Fan L, Murff H, Ness RM, Seidner DL, Yu C, Shrubsole MJ. Magnesium status and supplementation influence vitamin D status and metabolism: results from a randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:1249-1258. [PMID: 30541089 PMCID: PMC6693398 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that enzymes that synthesize and metabolize vitamin D are magnesium dependent. Recent observational studies found that magnesium intake significantly interacted with vitamin D in relation to vitamin D status and risk of mortality. According to NHANES, 79% of US adults do not meet their Recommended Dietary Allowance of magnesium. Objectives The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that magnesium supplementation differentially affects vitamin D metabolism dependent on baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration. Methods The study included 180 participants aged 40-85 y and is a National Cancer Institute independently funded ancillary study, nested within the Personalized Prevention of Colorectal Cancer Trial (PPCCT), which enrolled 250 participants. The PPCCT is a double-blind 2 × 2 factorial randomized controlled trial conducted in the Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Doses for both magnesium and placebo were customized based on baseline dietary intakes. Subjects were randomly assigned to treatments using a permuted-block randomization algorithm. Changes in plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3], 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 [25(OH)D2], 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2, and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25(OH)2D3] were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results The relations between magnesium treatment and plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D3, 25(OH)D2, and 24,25(OH)2D3 were significantly different dependent on the baseline concentrations of 25(OH)D, and significant interactions persisted after Bonferroni corrections. Magnesium supplementation increased the 25(OH)D3 concentration when baseline 25(OH)D concentrations were close to 30 ng/mL, but decreased it when baseline 25(OH)D was higher (from ∼30 to 50 ng/mL). Magnesium treatment significantly affected 24,25(OH)2D3 concentration when baseline 25(OH)D concentration was 50 ng/mL but not 30 ng/mL. On the other hand, magnesium treatment increased 25(OH)D2 as baseline 25(OH)D increased. Conclusion Our findings suggest that optimal magnesium status may be important for optimizing 25(OH)D status. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03265483.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Dai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN,Address correspondence to QD (e-mail: )
| | - Xiangzhu Zhu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Yiqing Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University–Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Xingnan Li
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI
| | - Adrian A Franke
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI
| | | | | | | | - Lei Fan
- Master of Public Health Program
| | - Harvey Murff
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Reid M Ness
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Douglas L Seidner
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Martha J Shrubsole
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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Sorthe J, Moghaddam A. Lactase persistence may explain the paradoxical findings of high vitamin D concentrations in Europeans living in areas of low UV-B irradiation. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 73:585-593. [PMID: 29799022 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Vitamin D has a critical role in skeletal health and maintaining serum calcium levels. Calcium is needed for a variety of cellular and metabolic processes in the body. Large amounts of vitamin D can be produced in the skin when exposed to UV-B radiation. It is therefore a paradox that in Europe, Caucasians living in higher latitude countries, such as Scandinavia and Iceland, have higher serum vitamin D compared with those living in lower latitude. In a recent study of adult-type lactase persistence (LP), it was shown that Caucasian of European descent, who carried the C-13910T LP allele, had higher levels of total serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D compared with those who were lactase non-persistent. This was attributed to higher consumption of dairy. We postulated that the distribution of the LP C-13910T allele in Caucasian populations may explain the vitamin D concentration pattern seen in Europe. SUBJECTS/METHODS Baseline mean total serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D concentration from a clinical trial of post-menopausal women with osteoporosis was correlated to published LP frequencies in European populations. RESULTS In multiple regression analysis, mean total serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in both winter and summer were in turn correlated to LP phenotype frequency (winter: r2 = 0.51, p < 0.05; summer: r2 = 0.4, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS High frequency of LP in northern Europe may explain high mean total serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D concentrations despite low UV-B radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joakim Sorthe
- Fürst Medisinsk Laboratorium, Søren Bulls vei 25, 1051, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amir Moghaddam
- Fürst Medisinsk Laboratorium, Søren Bulls vei 25, 1051, Oslo, Norway.
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Abstract
The published literature supports the high prevalence of supplement use in children and adolescents in the United States. Pediatricians today are faced with questions from parents and patients about the benefits, safety, efficacy, and correct dose of vitamins and minerals. In this article, we review 7 vitamins with the most clinical relevance as judged by abundance in food, risks and symptoms of deficiency, and potential for toxicity. Specifically, we focus on possible clinical scenarios that can be indicative of nutritional deficiency. We synthesize and summarize guidelines from nutrition experts, various medical societies, the World Health Organization, and the American Academy of Pediatrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane Diab
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Nancy F Krebs
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
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Landel V, Annweiler C, Millet P, Morello M, Féron F. Vitamin D, Cognition and Alzheimer's Disease: The Therapeutic Benefit is in the D-Tails. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 53:419-44. [PMID: 27176073 PMCID: PMC4969697 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery during the epidemic of rickets in the early 1920s, the physiological effects of vitamin D on calcium/phosphorus homeostasis have been thoroughly studied. Along with the understanding of its actions on skeletal diseases and advances in cellular and molecular biology, this misnamed vitamin has gained attention as a potential player in a growing number of physiological processes and a variety of diseases. During the last 25 years, vitamin D has emerged as a serious candidate in nervous system development and function and a therapeutic tool in a number of neurological pathologies. More recently, experimental and pre-clinical data suggest a link between vitamin D status and cognitive function. Human studies strongly support a correlation between low levels of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and cognitive impairment or dementia in aging populations. In parallel, animal studies show that supplementation with vitamin D is protective against biological processes associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and enhances learning and memory performance in various animal models of aging and AD. These experimental observations support multiple mechanisms by which vitamin D can act against neurodegenerative processes. However, clinical interventional studies are disappointing and fail to associate increased 25(OH)D levels with improved cognitive outcomes. This review collects the current available data from both animal and human studies and discusses the considerations that future studies examining the effects of vitamin D status on neurocognitive function might consider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véréna Landel
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, NICN UMR 7259, Marseille, France
| | - Cédric Annweiler
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Angers University Hospital; UPRES EA 4638, University of Angers, UNAM, Angers, France.,Robarts Research Institute, Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, the University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Pascal Millet
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, NICN UMR 7259, Marseille, France.,APHP, Groupe hospitalier universitaire Saint Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, Hôpital Fernand Widal, Paris, France
| | - Maria Morello
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, NICN UMR 7259, Marseille, France.,Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Tor Vergata, Faculty of Medicine, Rome, Italy.,Division of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention Faculty of Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - François Féron
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, NICN UMR 7259, Marseille, France
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Belenchia AM, Johnson SA, Kieschnick AC, Rosenfeld CS, Peterson CA. Time Course of Vitamin D Depletion and Repletion in Reproductive-age Female C57BL/6 Mice. Comp Med 2017; 67:483-490. [PMID: 29212579 PMCID: PMC5713162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of animal models in vitamin D deficiency (VDD) research, particularly in regard to maternal deficits, has increased dramatically, yet these studies may be confounded due to ill-conceived experimental timelines. We conducted 2 experiments to (1) characterize the time course of VDD induction and repletion and (2) explore the long-term consequences of VDD on calcium homeostasis and body composition in reproductive-age female mice. Eight-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were randomized to receive either a vitamin D sufficient (VDS) or VDD diet; serum was collected weekly. At week 4, VDD mice were switched to VDS diet, and serum was collected weekly until week 8. Another group of same-age female mice was maintained on VDD diet for 40 wk. Body weights and serum were collected every 2 wk until week 40, when body composition was measured by using echoMRI. Mice did not become VDD until week 3 of the VDD diet and, after decreasing slightly at 4 wk, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D remained unchanged through 40 wk. Vitamin D repletion to 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations considered adequate by the Institute of Medicine took 2 to 3 wk. Prolonged VDD in mice was marked by hypocalcemia and hyperparathyroidism and led to proportional decreases in both lean and fat mass. These data provide guidance in the design of studies using mice as a maternal VDD model, especially those exploring its effects on the developmental origins of health and disease and highlight the importance of monitoring and controlling the calciotropic effects of diet-induced VDD. This study also shows that prolonged VDD in reproductive-age female C57BL/6 mice induces metabolically meaningful changes in absolute, but not relative, body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M Belenchia
- Departments of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Sarah A Johnson
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Alyssa C Kieschnick
- Departments of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Catherine A Peterson
- Departments of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri;,
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Mihajlovic M, Fedecostante M, Oost MJ, Steenhuis SKP, Lentjes EGWM, Maitimu-Smeele I, Janssen MJ, Hilbrands LB, Masereeuw R. Role of Vitamin D in Maintaining Renal Epithelial Barrier Function in Uremic Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122531. [PMID: 29186865 PMCID: PMC5751134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As current kidney replacement therapies are not efficient enough for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) treatment, a bioartificial kidney (BAK) device, based on conditionally immortalized human proximal tubule epithelial cells (ciPTEC), could represent an attractive solution. The active transport activity of such a system was recently demonstrated. In addition, endocrine functions of the cells, such as vitamin D activation, are relevant. The organic anion transporter 1 (OAT-1) overexpressing ciPTEC line presented 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1), 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) and vitamin D receptor (VDR), responsible for vitamin D activation, degradation and function, respectively. The ability to produce and secrete 1α,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3, was shown after incubation with the precursor, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3. The beneficial effect of vitamin D on cell function and behavior in uremic conditions was studied in the presence of an anionic uremic toxins mixture. Vitamin D could restore cell viability, and inflammatory and oxidative status, as shown by cell metabolic activity, interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, respectively. Finally, vitamin D restored transepithelial barrier function, as evidenced by decreased inulin-FITC leakage in biofunctionalized hollow fiber membranes (HFM) carrying ciPTEC-OAT1. In conclusion, the protective effects of vitamin D in uremic conditions and proven ciPTEC-OAT1 endocrine function encourage the use of these cells for BAK application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Mihajlovic
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Michele Fedecostante
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Miriam J Oost
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Sonja K P Steenhuis
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Eef G W M Lentjes
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Inge Maitimu-Smeele
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Manoe J Janssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Luuk B Hilbrands
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Ferrari D, Lombardi G, Banfi G. Concerning the vitamin D reference range: pre-analytical and analytical variability of vitamin D measurement. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2017; 27:030501. [PMID: 28900363 PMCID: PMC5575654 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2017.030501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike other vitamins, the vitamin D concentration in blood varies cyclically over the course of the year in relation to genetic (gender, ethnicity, polymorphisms) and environmental factors (sunlight exposure, diet, food-related or direct vitamin D supplementation, skin pigmentation). Although the major diagnostics manufacturers have recently developed improved automated 25-hydroxy vitamin D immunoassays, the intra- and inter-laboratory variability is still high (especially at low vitamin D concentrations) which might lead to incorrect vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency diagnosis. Moreover, despite recent efforts to standardize the assay and minimize its variability, the current bias for measured vitamin D concentrations is often still above the desirable ± 10% criterion. Because the implications of low vitamin D concentrations in non-skeletal diseases are still partially unknown, international guideline recommendations for establishing meaningful ranges, at any time over the course of the year, irrespective not only of environmental and personal factors but also of instrumental variability, are needed. In this review, we discuss the main factors that influence the variability of vitamin D concentrations and whether a centile curve, individually calculated by a theoretical equation considering such factors, might be better suited than a fixed limit to assess abnormal vitamin D concentrations in otherwise healthy subjects. Vitamin D reference ranges during pregnancy, childhood, or diagnosed illnesses, which merit separate discussion, are beyond the scope of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ferrari
- Department of Biosciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
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MÁČOVÁ L, BIČÍKOVÁ M, OSTATNÍKOVÁ D, HILL M, STÁRKA L. Vitamin D, Neurosteroids and Autism. Physiol Res 2017; 66:S333-S340. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D had been for a long time investigated for its effects on bone metabolism. Recently has been observed that the incidence of some neurodevelopmental disorders (including autism) increases hand in hand with vitamin D deficiency. Indeed, vitamin D was reported to modulate the biosynthesis of neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors; moreover, its receptor was found in the central nervous system. Vitamin D deficiency was therefore assessed as a risk factor for autism, however the biological mechanism has not yet been revealed. In our review we focused on potential connections among vitamin D, steroids and autism. Potential mechanisms of vitamin D action are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. MÁČOVÁ
- Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
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Batacchi Z, Robinson-Cohen C, Hoofnagle AN, Isakova T, Kestenbaum B, Martin KJ, Wolf MS, de Boer IH. Effects of Vitamin D 2 Supplementation on Vitamin D 3 Metabolism in Health and CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 12:1498-1506. [PMID: 28768705 PMCID: PMC5586563 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.00530117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Vitamin D supplements are prescribed to correct low circulating concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. In CKD, vitamin D metabolism is complicated by decreased conversion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D by CYP27B1 and possibly decreased conversion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D to 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D by CYP24A1. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of vitamin D2 supplementation on vitamin D metabolism in health and CKD. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS We conducted a treatment-only intervention study of 25 individuals with CKD (eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2) and 44 individuals without CKD from three academic centers, all with screening 25-hydroxyvitamin D <30 ng/ml. Each participant was prescribed vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) 50,000 IU orally twice weekly for 5 weeks. We tested whether changes in plasma concentrations of vitamin D metabolites and vitamin D metabolic ratios differed by CKD status. Plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-to-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 ratio and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-to-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 ratio were calculated as estimates of CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 function, respectively. RESULTS With treatment, plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and total 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations increased similarly for participants with and without CKD. For participants without CKD, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 increased (2.8±1.3-32.9±1.4 pg/ml), whereas 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 decreased (45.6±1.9-14.6±1.9 pg/ml), resulting in no significant change in total 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-to-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 ratio decreased (3.0±0.2-1.7±0.2 pg/ng), and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-to-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 ratio increased (115.7±7.8-195.2±7.9 pg/ng). Individuals with CKD had lower baseline levels and smaller changes in magnitude for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 (2.1±1.6-24.4±1.6 pg/ml; P interaction =0.01), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-to-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 ratio (1.8±0.2-1.1±0.2 pg/ng; P interaction =0.05), and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-to-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 ratio (72.0±9.1-110.3±9.3 pg/ng; P interaction <0.001). Fibroblast growth factor-23 and parathyroid hormone were not significantly changed in either group. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D2 supplementation decreases conversion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and induces vitamin D3 catabolism as evidenced by changes in D3 metabolites and vitamin D metabolic ratios. These effects occur without significant changes in fibroblast growth factor-23 or parathyroid hormone and are blunted in CKD. PODCAST This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2017_08_02_CJASNPodcast_17_09.mp3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zona Batacchi
- Divisions of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition and
- Kidney Research Institute, and
| | | | - Andrew N. Hoofnagle
- Divisions of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition and
- Kidney Research Institute, and
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Tamara Isakova
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and
- Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Kevin J. Martin
- Division of Nephrology, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Myles S. Wolf
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; and
| | - Ian H. de Boer
- Nephrology
- Kidney Research Institute, and
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
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Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency is a global health issue that afflicts more than one billion children and adults worldwide. The consequences of vitamin D deficiency cannot be under estimated. There has been an association of vitamin D deficiency with a myriad of acute and chronic illnesses including preeclampsia, childhood dental caries, periodontitis, autoimmune disorders, infectious diseases, cardiovascular disease, deadly cancers, type 2 diabetes and neurological disorders. This review is to put into perspective the controversy surrounding the definition for vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency as well as providing guidance for how to treat and prevent vitamin D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Holick
- Endocrinology, Nutrition and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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44
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Sheng S, Chen Y, Shen Z. Correlation between polymorphism of vitamin D receptor TaqI and susceptibility to colorectal cancer: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7242. [PMID: 28658114 PMCID: PMC5500036 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The meta-analysis aimed to investigate the correlation between the polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) TaqI and susceptibility of colorectal cancer.Studies were extracted from the electronic databases of PubMed and Embase. The balance of heredity was estimated by the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test, and heterogeneity was assessed by Cochran Q statistics and I test. Four assessed models, namely additive (t vs T), dominant (Tt + tt vs TT), recessive (tt vs Tt + TT), and codominant (Tt vs TT and tt vs TT), were used to evaluate the correlations and the effective results were measured as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).A total of 14 studies, including 4632 patients and 5086 controls, were enrolled in this meta-analysis. With no significant heterogeneities observed among the 4 models, the fixed-effect model was used to examine the pooled effect value. There were no significant differences among t vs T (OR = 1.01; 95% CI, 0.94-1.09; P = .70), Tt + tt vs TT (OR = 1.05; 95% CI, 0.96-1.15; P = .32), tt vs Tt + TT (OR = 1.01; 95% CI, 0.87-1.17; P = .92), Tt vs TT (OR = 1.03; 95% CI, 0.93-1.13; P = .62), and tt vs TT (OR = 1.00; 95% CI, 0.85-1.17; P = .98) with respect to increasing CRC frequency.No evidence showed that TaqI polymorphisms were significantly associated with susceptibility to CRC.
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Vaes AMM, Tieland M, de Regt MF, Wittwer J, van Loon LJC, de Groot LCPGM. Dose-response effects of supplementation with calcifediol on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status and its metabolites: A randomized controlled trial in older adults. Clin Nutr 2017; 37:808-814. [PMID: 28433267 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Oral supplementation with vitamin D is recommended for older adults to maintain a sufficient 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status throughout the year. While supplementation with vitamin D2 or D3 is most common, alternative treatment regimens exist which require further investigation with respect to increasing 25(OH)D concentration. We investigated the dose-response effects of supplementation with calcifediol compared to vitamin D3 and assessed the dose which results in mean serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations between 75 and 100 nmol/L. METHODS This randomized, double-blind intervention study included men and women aged ≥65 years (n = 59). Participants received either 5, 10 or 15 μg calcifediol or 20 μg vitamin D3 per day, for a period of 24 weeks. Blood samples were collected every four weeks to assess response profiles of vitamin D related metabolites; serum vitamin D3, 25(OH)D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24,25(OH)2D3). Further, serum calcium, plasma parathyroid hormone, and urinary calcium were evaluated. RESULTS Supplementation with 20 μg vitamin D3 increased 25(OH)D3 concentrations towards 70 nmol/L within 16 weeks. Supplementation with 10 or 15 μg calcifediol increased 25(OH)D3 levels >75 nmol/L in 8 and 4 weeks, respectively. Steady state was achieved from week 12 onwards with serum 25(OH)D3 levels stabilizing between 84 and 89 nmol/L in the 10 μg calcifediol group. A significant association was observed between the changes in 25(OH)D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 (R2 = 0.83, P < 0.01), but not between 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 (R2 = 0.04, P = 0.18). No cases of hypercalcemia occurred in any treatment during the study period. CONCLUSIONS Calcifediol supplementation rapidly and safely elevates serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations to improve vitamin D status in older adults. A daily dose of 10 μg calcifediol allows serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations to be maintained between 75 and 100 nmol/L. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01868945.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk M M Vaes
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Michael Tieland
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Margot F de Regt
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jonas Wittwer
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., R&D Human Nutrition and Health, P.O. Box 2676, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luc J C van Loon
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette C P G M de Groot
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Hammami MM, Yusuf A. Differential effects of vitamin D2 and D3 supplements on 25-hydroxyvitamin D level are dose, sex, and time dependent: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Endocr Disord 2017; 17:12. [PMID: 28231782 PMCID: PMC5324269 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-017-0163-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D (D) supplements are indispensable for its world-wide deficiency. Controversy continues on ergocalciferol (D2) and cholecalciferol (D3) relative potency as well as on dosing-schedule and sex role in raising 25-hydroxy D (25(OH)D) level, the best indicator of D status. METHODS We randomized 279 adults to daily D2, D3, D2/D3, or placebo; 2-weekly D2 or D3; or 4-weekly D2 or D3 (250,000 IU over/140 days). Randomization sequence, stratified by body-mass-index (BMI) and sex, was concealed from study coordinators and participants who were then blinded to capsules' content. D2, D3, 25(OH)D2, and 25(OH)D3 Serum levels were determined blindly on days 0,1,2,3,4,7,14, and 2-weekly thereafter by high performance liquid chromatography assay. The results of 269 participants were available for analysis. Primary endpoint was area-under-the-curve (AUC) of 25(OH)D (25(OH)D2 + 25(OH)D3) adjusted for sex, BMI, and baseline 25(OH)D level. RESULTS Mean(SD) age was 33.0(8.5) year, 41% were males, and 85% completed follow-up. Baseline 25(OH)D level was 39.8(11.9) and increased by 3.3(11.6) and 28.6(16.3) nmol/L, in the placebo and active-treatment groups, respectively. AUC from day 0 to 140 (AUC140) of 25(OH)D was 40% (D3 daily) to 55% (D3 2-weekly) higher with active-treatment than placebo (p < 0.001). 25(OH)D2 AUC140 was higher in daily than 2-weekly (17%, p = 0.006) and 4-weekly (20%, p = 0.001) D2-treated groups. 25(OH)D3 AUC140 was lower in daily than 2-weekly (11%, p = 0.002) and 4-weekly D3-treated groups (10%, p = 0.008). In D2-treated groups, there was 16.4 nmol/L decrease in 25(OH)D3 level that correlated (p < 0.001) with 25(OH)D2 level increase (r = 0.48) and baseline 25(OH)D level (r = 0.58), in one participant with measurable baseline 25(OH)D2 level, D3 caused a similar decrease in 25(OH)D2 level, while in the D2/D3-treated group, 25(OH)D3 level didn't increase. Incremental AUC from day 0 to 7 (AUC7) of D3 and 25(OH)D3 in D3-treated groups were 118-243% higher and 31-39% lower, respectively, than incremental AUC7 of D2 and 25(OH)D2 in D2-treated groups. Incremental AUC7 of D3 and 25(OH)D3 in D3-treated groups and D2 and 25(OH)D2 in D2-treated groups were higher in females than males (55, 13, 64, and 28%, respectively). Baseline 25(OH)D level predicted response to D2 and D3 (p < 0.001), whereas, BMI was significant predictor only for early response to D2. CONCLUSIONS Effects of D2 and D3 supplements on 25 (OH)D level may be dosing-schedule and sex-dependent. D2-associated reduction in 25(OH)D3 level may be related to total 25(OH)D level rather than being D2-specific. D2 may be 25-hydroxylated faster than D3. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrial.gov identifier: NCT01170494 (registered July 25, 2010).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad M. Hammami
- Clinical Studies and Empirical Ethics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P O Box # 3354 (MBC 03), Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
- Alfaisal University College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Yusuf
- Clinical Studies and Empirical Ethics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P O Box # 3354 (MBC 03), Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
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Outcomes of Vitamin D Supplementation in Adults Who are Deficient and Critically Ill: A Review of the Literature. Am J Ther 2017; 23:e1890-e1902. [PMID: 26164022 DOI: 10.1097/mjt.0000000000000281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is known to be common in the general population and has been linked to all-cause mortality. The classically recognized role of vitamin D is its involvement in calcium and phosphorous homeostasis and bone health. Recent evidence suggests that vitamin D may also play a role in other nonskeletal processes, such as anti-proliferation, immunity, regulation of hormone section, and muscle strength. An extensive literature review of vitamin D and critical illness from 2000 to 2015 (PubMed and CINAL) produced multiple observational studies revealing a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in intensive care patients. Many of these studies have indicated that there is an association between vitamin D deficiency and clinical outcomes such as mortality, sepsis, duration of mechanical ventilation, and length of stay. This review article provides an overview of vitamin D physiology in adults, a summary of observational studies on vitamin D deficiency in critical illness, and an examination of the few clinical trials on vitamin D supplementation in intensive care patients.
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Plant-based diets relatively low in bioavailable phosphate and calcium may aid prevention and control of prostate cancer by lessening production of fibroblast growth factor 23. Med Hypotheses 2017; 99:68-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Cholecalciferol v. ergocalciferol for 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) repletion in chronic kidney disease: a randomised clinical trial. Br J Nutr 2017; 116:2074-2081. [PMID: 28065190 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451600427x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) demonstrate complex mineral metabolism derangements and a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. However, the optimal method of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) repletion is unknown, and trials analysing the comparative efficacy of cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol in this population are lacking. We conducted a randomised clinical trial of cholecalciferol 1250μg (50 000 IU) weekly v. ergocalciferol 1250μg (50 000 IU) weekly for 12 weeks in forty-four non-dialysis-dependent patients with stage 3-5 CKD. The primary outcome was change in total 25(OH)D from baseline to week 12 (immediately after therapy). Secondary analyses included the change in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), parathyroid hormone (PTH), D2 and D3 sub-fractions of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D and total 25(OH)D from baseline to week 18 (6 weeks after therapy). Cholecalciferol therapy yielded a greater change in total 25(OH)D (45·0 (sd 16·5) ng/ml) v. ergocalciferol (30·7 (sd 15·3) ng/ml) from baseline to week 12 (P<0·01); this observation partially resulted from a substantial reduction in the 25(OH)D3 sub-fraction with ergocalciferol. However, following cessation of therapy, no statistical difference was observed for total 25(OH)D change from baseline to week 18 between cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol groups (22·4 (sd 12·7) v. 17·6 (sd 8·9) ng/ml, respectively; P=0·17). We observed no significant difference between these therapies with regard to changes in serum PTH or 1,25(OH)2D. Therapy with cholecalciferol, compared with ergocalciferol, is more effective at raising serum 25(OH)D in non-dialysis-dependent CKD patients while active therapy is ongoing. However, levels of 25(OH)D declined substantially in both arms following cessation of therapy, suggesting the need for maintenance therapy to sustain levels.
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Dirks NF, Martens F, Vanderschueren D, Billen J, Pauwels S, Ackermans MT, Endert E, Heijer MD, Blankenstein MA, Heijboer AC. Determination of human reference values for serum total 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D using an extensively validated 2D ID-UPLC-MS/MS method. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 164:127-133. [PMID: 26690787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess a patient's vitamin D status the precursor metabolite 25-hydroxyvitamin D can be determined. However, measurement of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D is required when disorders of 1a-hydroxylation, extrarenal 1a-hydroxylation, or vitamin D receptor defects are suspected. METHODS The aim of this study was to determine reference values for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and D2 using a 2D ID-UPLC-MS/MS method. RESULTS The LC-MS/MS method, able to measure picomolar concentrations of both 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and D2 in human serum, was extensively validated. Intra-assay variations were <5% and 8.5% and <7.5% and 11%, for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and D2, respectively, over the whole dynamic range (3.1-376 and 3.1-652pmol/L). Limit of quantitation was 3.4pmol/L for both compounds. Our method correlated well with a published LC-MS/MS method (r=0.87) and with the average 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 results of the vitamin D External Quality Assessment Scheme (DEQAS) determined with LC-MS/MS (r=0.93). Reference ranges, determined in 96 plasma samples of healthy volunteers were 59-159pmol/L and <17pmol/L for respectively 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and D2. The female part of the reference group showed a statistically significant decrease of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 concentrations with age. The presence of significantly higher average 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 levels in premenopausal women taking oral contraceptive pills compared to postmenopausal women suggests that this effect is estrogen-related, as estrogens lead to a higher vitamin D binding protein. CONCLUSIONS The major finding of the present study is a reference interval of 59-159pmol/L for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 determined with a highly sensitive and precise LC-MS/MS method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niek F Dirks
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frans Martens
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Vanderschueren
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine KU Leuven, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Leuven, Belgium; Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jaak Billen
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine KU Leuven, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Leuven, Belgium; Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven Pauwels
- Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mariëtte T Ackermans
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Endert
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin den Heijer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus A Blankenstein
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke C Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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