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Rodrigues JAL, Ferrari GD, Trapé ÁA, de Moraes VN, Gonçalves TCP, Tavares SS, Tjønna AE, de Souza HCD, Júnior CRB. β 2 adrenergic interaction and cardiac autonomic function: effects of aerobic training in overweight/obese individuals. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:613-624. [PMID: 31915906 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To verify the influence of different volumes and intensities of aerobic exercise on cardiac autonomic function (CAF) through heart rate variability (HRV) analysis as well the influence of β2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) variants in overweight/obese individuals. METHODS 70 physically inactive adults were randomly allocated into the following 16-week training: 1-high-intensity interval training (HIIT) (n = 25, 1 × 4 min bout at 85-95%HR peak, 3×/week), 4-HIIT (n = 26, 4 × 4 min bouts at 85-95%HR peak, interspersed with 3 min of recovery at 50-70%HR peak, 3×/week), and moderate continuous training (MCT) (n = 19, 30 min at 60-70%HR peak, 5×/week). Before and after the exercise training, anthropometric, BP, cardiorespiratory fitness, and HRV measures were evaluated. R-R intervals recorded for 10 min in a supine position at pre- and post-intervention were used to analyze HRV in the plot-Poincare indexes (SD1, SD2), and frequency-domain (LF, HF, LF/HF). Full blood samples were used for genotyping. RESULTS 4-HIIT and MCT showed positive outcomes for almost all variables while 1-HIIT had a positive influence only on SBP and SD2 index. No associations were observed between isolated ADRB2 variants and changes in HRV. In the analysis of the interaction genotypes, all groups responded positively for the SD1 index of HRV and only the H1 (GG and CC) and H2 (GG and CG + GG) groups presented increases in the RMSSD index. Furthermore, there was an increase in the LF index only in the H3 (CC and AA + AG) and H4 (AA + AG and CG + GG) groups. CONCLUSIONS ADRB2 variants and aerobic exercise training are important interacting variables to improve autonomic function and other health variables outcomes in overweight or obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhennyfer Aline Lima Rodrigues
- School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Bandeirantes Avenue 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-907, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Physiology and Metabolism, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes AvenueCEP 14.040-907, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 3900, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Duarte Ferrari
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Bandeirantes Avenue 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Átila Alexandre Trapé
- School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Bandeirantes Avenue 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-907, Brazil
| | - Vitor Nolasco de Moraes
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Medical Clinic, University of São Paulo (USP), Bandeirantes Avenue 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-907, Brazil
| | - Thiago Correa Porto Gonçalves
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Medical Clinic, University of São Paulo (USP), Bandeirantes Avenue 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-907, Brazil
| | - Simone Sakagute Tavares
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Bandeirantes Avenue 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Arnt Erik Tjønna
- K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hugo Celso Dutra de Souza
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Bandeirantes Avenue, 3900Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Bueno Júnior
- School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Bandeirantes Avenue 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-907, Brazil
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Medical Clinic, University of São Paulo (USP), Bandeirantes Avenue 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-907, Brazil
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Du S, Joyner MJ, Curry TB, Eisenach JH, Johnson CP, Schrage WG, Jensen MD. Effect of β2-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms on epinephrine and exercise-stimulated lipolysis in humans. Physiol Rep 2014; 2:2/5/e12017. [PMID: 24844639 PMCID: PMC4098745 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The β2‐adrenergic system is an important regulator of human adipose tissue lipolysis. Polymorphisms that result in amino acid substitutions in the β2‐adrenergic receptor have been reported to alter lipolysis. We hypothesized that variations in the amino acid at position 16 of the β2‐adrenergic receptor would result in different lipolytic responses to intravenous epinephrine and exercise. 17 volunteers homozygous for glycine at position 16 (Gly/Gly, nine female) and 16 volunteers homozygous for arginine at position 16 (Arg/Arg, eight female) of the β2‐adrenergic receptor participated in this study. On one study day participants received infusions of epinephrine at submaximal (5 ng kg−1 min−1) and maximal (40 ng kg−1 min−1) lipolytic doses. The other study day volunteers bicycled for 90 min at 50–60% of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max). [9,10‐3H] Palmitate was infused both days to measure free fatty acid – palmitate kinetics. Oxygen consumption was measured using indirect calorimetry. Palmitate release rates in response to epinephrine and exercise were not different in the Gly/Gly and Arg/Arg participants. The only statistically significant difference we observed was a lesser ΔVO2 in Arg/Arg volunteers in response to the submaximal epinephrine infusion. The polymorphisms resulting in Arg/Arg and Gly/Gly at position 16 of the β2‐adrenergic receptor do not result in clinically meaningful differences in lipolysis responses to epinephrine or submaximal exercise. e12017 Some studies suggest the polymorphism in the β2‐adrenergic receptor have effects on fatty acid mobilization from adipose tissue. We measure lipolysis using tracer kinetics in volunteers selected for different genotypes at position 16 of the β2‐adrenergic receptor. We found that polymorphisms resulting in Arg/Arg and Gly/Gly at position 16 of the β2‐adrenergic receptor do not result in clinically meaningful differences in lipolysis responses to epinephrine or submaximal exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichun Du
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | - William G Schrage
- Anesthesiology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
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Abstract
Considerable attention is currently being paid to the secular changes in food intake and physical activity that underlie the increase in the prevalence of obesity that is apparent in many societies. While this is laudable it would be unwise to view these environmental factors in isolation from the biological factors that normally control body weight and composition and the compelling evidence that inter-individual differences in susceptibility to obesity have strong genetic determinants. This is particularly important, as it is only in the past decade that we have begun to obtain substantive information regarding the molecular constituents of pathways controlling mammalian energy balance and therefore, for the first time, are in a position to achieve a better mechanistic understanding of this disease. Population-based association and linkage studies have highlighted a number of loci at which genetic variation is associated with obesity and related phenotypes and the identification and characterization of monogenic obesity syndromes has been particularly fruitful. While there is widespread acceptance that hereditary factors might predispose to human obesity, it is frequently assumed that such factors would influence metabolic rate or the selective partitioning of excess calories into fat. However, it is notable that, thus far, all monogenic defects causing human obesity actually disrupt hypothalamic pathways and have a profound effect on satiety and food intake. To conclude, the evidence we have to date suggests that the major impact of genes on human obesity is just as likely (or perhaps more likely) to directly impact on hunger, satiety and food intake rather than metabolic rate or nutrient partitioning. At the risk of oversimplification, it seems that from an aetiological/genetic standpoint, human obesity appears less a metabolic than a neuro-behavioural disease.
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Fairweather-Tait SJ. Human nutrition and food research: opportunities and challenges in the post-genomic era. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2004; 358:1709-27. [PMID: 14561328 PMCID: PMC1693270 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2003.1377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequencing of the human genome has opened the door to the most exciting new era for nutritional science. It is now possible to study the underlying mechanisms for diet-health relationships, and in the near future dietary advice (and possibly tailored food products) for promoting optimal health could be provided on an individual basis, in relation to genotype and lifestyle. The role of food in human evolution is briefly reviewed, from palaeolithic times to modern-day hunter-gatherer societies. The aetiology of 'diseases of modern civilization', such as diabetes, heart disease and cancer, and the effect of changes in dietary patterns are discussed. The risk of disease is often associated with common single nucleotide polymorphisms, but the effect is dependent on dietary intake and nutritional status, and is often more apparent in intervention studies employing a metabolic challenge. To understand the link between diet and health, nutritional research must cover a broad range of areas, from molecular to whole body studies, and is an excellent example of integrative biology, requiring a systems biology approach. The annual cost to the National Health Service of diet-related diseases is estimated to be in excess of 15 billion, and although diet is a key component of any preventative strategy, it is not given the prominence it deserves. For example, less than 1% of the pound 1.6 billion budget for coronary heart disease is spent on prevention. The polygenic and multifactorial nature of chronic diseases requires substantial resources but the potential rewards, in terms of quality of life and economics, are enormous. It is timely therefore to consider investing in a long-term coordinated national programme for nutrition research, combining nutritional genomics with established approaches, to improve the health of individuals and of the nation.
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