1
|
Sharma P, Bhatia K, Singh Kapoor H, Kaur B, Khetarpal P. Genetic variants of metabolism and inflammatory pathways, and PCOS risk -Systematic review, meta-analysis, and in-silico analysis. Gene 2023; 888:147796. [PMID: 37714276 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Identification of genetic risk factors for PCOS susceptibility. OBJECTIVE To identify genetic risk variants of the genes involved in metabolic or inflammatory pathways. DATA SOURCES Relevant literature was identified and extracted from PubMed, Central Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Science Direct by using a set of keywords related to pre-determined genes up to 06 May 2023. Study selection and synthesis: PRISMA guidelines were followed to design the protocol which is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023422501). Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for different gene variants were calculated under different genetic models (dominant model, recessive model, additive model, and allele model) by using Review Manager software 4.2. MAIN OUTCOMES Metabolic genetic variants FTO rs9939609, IL-6 rs1800795 and CAPN10 rs3842570, rs2975760, and RAB5B rs705702 are associated with PCOS risk. RESULTS Forty-four relevant articles have been identified for genes involved in metabolic (n = 23) or inflammatory pathways (n = 21). There is a significant association (p < 0.05) of IL-6 rs1800795 and FTO rs9939609 with increased risk.CAPN10 rs2975760 Ins allele is suggested as a protective factor among only the non-Asian population. Also, a significant association of CAPN10 rs2975760 and RAB5B rs705702 with increased risk among the Asian population is suggested. However, no significant association could be found between CAPN10 rs3792267, rs5030952, and SUMO1P1 rs2272046, and the risk of PCOS in any of the subpopulations analysed. In silico analysis suggests the deleterious effect of IL-6 rs1800795. CONCLUSION and relevance: The study suggests the role of various genetic variants for genetic predisposition to PCOS among different subpopulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Sharma
- Laboratory for Reproductive and Developmental Disorders, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Kabir Bhatia
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Science, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | | | - Balpreet Kaur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, AIIMS, Bathinda 151001, India
| | - Preeti Khetarpal
- Laboratory for Reproductive and Developmental Disorders, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lv C, Sun Y, Zhang ZY, Aboelela Z, Qiu X, Meng ZX. β-cell dynamics in type 2 diabetes and in dietary and exercise interventions. J Mol Cell Biol 2022; 14:6656373. [PMID: 35929791 PMCID: PMC9710517 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjac046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance are two of the major causes of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recent clinical and experimental studies have suggested that the functional capacity of β-cells, particularly in the first phase of insulin secretion, is a primary contributor to the progression of T2D and its associated complications. Pancreatic β-cells undergo dynamic compensation and decompensation processes during the development of T2D, in which metabolic stresses such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, and inflammatory signals are key regulators of β-cell dynamics. Dietary and exercise interventions have been shown to be effective approaches for the treatment of obesity and T2D, especially in the early stages. Whilst the targeted tissues and underlying mechanisms of dietary and exercise interventions remain somewhat vague, accumulating evidence has implicated the improvement of β-cell functional capacity. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of the dynamic adaptations of β-cell function in T2D progression and clarify the effects and mechanisms of dietary and exercise interventions on β-cell dysfunction in T2D. This review provides molecular insights into the therapeutic effects of dietary and exercise interventions on T2D, and more importantly, it paves the way for future research on the related underlying mechanisms for developing precision prevention and treatment of T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengan Lv
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Metabolic Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuchen Sun
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Metabolic Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China,Zhejiang University–University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJE), Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Zhe Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Metabolic Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zeyad Aboelela
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Metabolic Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China,Bachelors of Surgery, Bachelors of Medicine (MBBS), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Akhlaghipour I, Bina AR, Mogharrabi MR, Fanoodi A, Ebrahimian AR, Khojasteh Kaffash S, Babazadeh Baghan A, Khorashadizadeh ME, Taghehchian N, Moghbeli M. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms as important risk factors of diabetes among Middle East population. Hum Genomics 2022; 16:11. [PMID: 35366956 PMCID: PMC8976361 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-022-00383-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that leads to the dysfunction of various tissues and organs, including eyes, kidneys, and cardiovascular system. According to the World Health Organization, diabetes prevalence is 8.8% globally among whom about 90% of cases are type 2 diabetes. There are not any significant clinical manifestations in the primary stages of diabetes. Therefore, screening can be an efficient way to reduce the diabetic complications. Over the recent decades, the prevalence of diabetes has increased alarmingly among the Middle East population, which has imposed exorbitant costs on the health care system in this region. Given that the genetic changes are among the important risk factors associated with predisposing people to diabetes, we examined the role of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the pathogenesis of diabetes among Middle East population. In the present review, we assessed the molecular pathology of diabetes in the Middle East population that paves the way for introducing an efficient SNP-based diagnostic panel for diabetes screening among the Middle East population. Since, the Middle East has a population of 370 million people; the current review can be a reliable model for the introduction of SNP-based diagnostic panels in other populations and countries around the world.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ono Y, Doi N, Shindo M, Pánico P, Salazar AM. Cryptic splicing events result in unexpected protein products from calpain-10 (CAPN10) cDNA. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119188. [PMID: 34906616 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Calpain-10 (CAPN10) belongs to the calpain superfamily. Genetic polymorphisms of the CAPN10 gene are associated with susceptibility to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although the role of CAPN10 in the pathophysiology of diabetes has been extensively investigated, its biochemical properties are largely unknown. In this report, we made the surprising discovery that CAPN10 cDNA transcripts are subject to cryptic splicing and unexpected protein products were expressed. The same set of splicing products was reproducibly detected in four types of cultured cells including the primary culture of mouse myoblast. At least, one of the products was identical to a natural splicing variant. Sequence analysis of the splicing potential of CAPN10 cDNA, together with mutagenesis studies, resulted in the identification of a powerful splicing acceptor site at the junction of the sequences encoded by exons 9 and 10. We successfully extended the analysis to create expression construct resistant to splicing for both human and mouse CAPN10. The construct allowed us to analyze two major CAPN10 isoforms and reveal their difference in substrate proteolysis and potential cell functions. These results demonstrate that proteins produced from cDNA do not necessarily reflect the original nucleotide sequence. We provide insight into the property of recombinantly expressed CAPN10 proteins in cultured cells circumventing unexpected protein products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Ono
- Calpain Project, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science (TMiMS), 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 1568506, Japan.
| | - Naoko Doi
- Calpain Project, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science (TMiMS), 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 1568506, Japan
| | - Mayumi Shindo
- Advanced Technical Support Department, Center for Basic Technology Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science (TMiMS), 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 1568506, Japan
| | - Pablo Pánico
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Ana María Salazar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pánico P, Velasco M, Salazar AM, Picones A, Ortiz-Huidobro RI, Guerrero-Palomo G, Salgado-Bernabé ME, Ostrosky-Wegman P, Hiriart M. Is Arsenic Exposure a Risk Factor for Metabolic Syndrome? A Review of the Potential Mechanisms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:878280. [PMID: 35651975 PMCID: PMC9150370 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.878280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic in drinking water is a worldwide health problem. This pollutant is associated with increased risk of developing chronic diseases, including metabolic diseases. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a complex pathology that results from the interaction between environmental and genetic factors. This condition increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. The MS includes at least three of the following signs, central obesity, impaired fasting glucose, insulin resistance, dyslipidemias, and hypertension. Here, we summarize the existing evidence of the multiple mechanisms triggered by arsenic to developing the cardinal signs of MS, showing that this pollutant could contribute to the multifactorial origin of this pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Pánico
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Myrian Velasco
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana María Salazar
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Environmental Toxicology. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arturo Picones
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa Isela Ortiz-Huidobro
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Guerrero-Palomo
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Environmental Toxicology. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Manuel Eduardo Salgado-Bernabé
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Ostrosky-Wegman
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Environmental Toxicology. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcia Hiriart
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Marcia Hiriart,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ustianowski P, Malinowski D, Kopytko P, Czerewaty M, Tarnowski M, Dziedziejko V, Safranow K, Pawlik A. ADCY5, CAPN10 and JAZF1 Gene Polymorphisms and Placental Expression in Women with Gestational Diabetes. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11080806. [PMID: 34440550 PMCID: PMC8399092 DOI: 10.3390/life11080806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is carbohydrate intolerance that occurs during pregnancy. This disease may lead to various maternal and neonatal complications; therefore, early diagnosis is very important. Because of the similarity in pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and GDM, the genetic variants associated with type 2 diabetes are commonly investigated in GDM. The aim of the present study was to examine the associations between the polymorphisms in the ADCY5 (rs11708067, rs2877716), CAPN10 (rs2975760, rs3792267), and JAZF1 (rs864745) genes and GDM as well as to determine the expression of these genes in the placenta. This study included 272 pregnant women with GDM and 348 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance. The diagnosis of GDM was based on a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24–28 weeks gestation, according to International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria. There were no statistically significant differences in the distribution of the ADCY5 gene (rs11708067, rs2877716) and CAPN10 gene (rs2975760, rs3792267) polymorphisms between pregnant women with normal carbohydrate tolerance and pregnant women with GDM. We have shown a lower frequency of JAZF1 gene rs864745 C allele carriers among women with GDM CC + CT vs. TT (OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.41–0.87, p = 0.006), and C vs. T (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.60–0.95, p = 0.014). In addition, ADCY5 and JAZF1 gene expression was statistically significantly increased in the placentas of women with GDM compared with that of healthy women. The expression of the CAPN10 gene did not differ significantly between women with and without GDM. Our results indicate increased expression of JAZF1 and ADCY5 genes in the placentas of women with GDM as well as a protective effect of the C allele of the JAZF1 rs864745 gene polymorphism on the development of GDM in pregnant women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Ustianowski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Damian Malinowski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Patrycja Kopytko
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (P.K.); (M.C.); (M.T.)
| | - Michał Czerewaty
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (P.K.); (M.C.); (M.T.)
| | - Maciej Tarnowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (P.K.); (M.C.); (M.T.)
| | - Violetta Dziedziejko
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (V.D.); (K.S.)
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (V.D.); (K.S.)
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (P.K.); (M.C.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li D, Jiang C, Mei G, Zhao Y, Chen L, Liu J, Tang Y, Gao C, Yao P. Quercetin Alleviates Ferroptosis of Pancreatic β Cells in Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102954. [PMID: 32992479 PMCID: PMC7600916 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Pancreatic iron deposition has been found in the progression of type 2 diabetes (T2DM); however, whether ferroptosis contributes to the dysfunction of pancreatic β cells (PBC) remains enigmatic. Moreover, the potential protective effect of quercetin is also elusive; (2) Methods: T2DM mice model was established by multiple low dose streptozocin (STZ) injection, after which quercetin was intervened for 4 months; (3) Results: Substantially normalized glucose tolerance, diabetic symptoms, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and homeostasis model assessment for β cell (HOMA-β) index in comparison with the findings of T2DM control. Distorted pancreatic islets and especially shrunken mitochondria with cristae loss in PBC were observed in T2DM mice, which was ameliorated by quercetin. Meanwhile, quercetin lowered the iron level particularly in the islet in T2DM mice. In spite of compensatory xCT up-regulation, T2DM molding depleted glutathione (GSH), down-regulated glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and induced oxidative stress in pancreatic tissue, which was abolished partially by quercetin. More importantly, insulin secretion was worsened by ferroptosis-inducing erastin or RAS-selective lethal compounds 3 (RSL-3). Quercetin, ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 and iron-chelating deferoxamine, rescued cell viability when cells were challenged with high-glucose; (4) Conclusions: Our findings identify that ferroptosis contributes to the PBC loss and dysfunction. Quercetin exerts beneficial effects on T2DM potentially by inhibiting pancreatic iron deposition and PBC ferroptosis, highlighting promising control strategies of T2DM by quercetin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China; (D.L.); (C.J.); (G.M.); (Y.Z.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Chunjie Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China; (D.L.); (C.J.); (G.M.); (Y.Z.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Guibin Mei
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China; (D.L.); (C.J.); (G.M.); (Y.Z.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China; (D.L.); (C.J.); (G.M.); (Y.Z.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China; (D.L.); (C.J.); (G.M.); (Y.Z.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China; (D.L.); (C.J.); (G.M.); (Y.Z.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yuhan Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China; (D.L.); (C.J.); (G.M.); (Y.Z.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Chao Gao
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100000, China;
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China; (D.L.); (C.J.); (G.M.); (Y.Z.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (Y.T.)
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lu Y, Li Y, Li G, Lu H. Identification of potential markers for type 2 diabetes mellitus via bioinformatics analysis. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:1868-1882. [PMID: 32705173 PMCID: PMC7411335 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial and multigenetic disease, and its pathogenesis is complex and largely unknown. In the present study, microarray data (GSE201966) of β-cell enriched tissue obtained by laser capture microdissection were downloaded, including 10 control and 10 type 2 diabetic subjects. A comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of microarray data in the context of protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks was employed, combined with subcellular location information to mine the potential candidate genes for T2DM and provide further insight on the possible mechanisms involved. First, differential analysis screened 108 differentially expressed genes. Then, 83 candidate genes were identified in the layered network in the context of PPI via network analysis, which were either directly or indirectly linked to T2DM. Of those genes obtained through literature retrieval analysis, 27 of 83 were involved with the development of T2DM; however, the rest of the 56 genes need to be verified by experiments. The functional analysis of candidate genes involved in a number of biological activities, demonstrated that 46 upregulated candidate genes were involved in ‘inflammatory response’ and ‘lipid metabolic process’, and 37 downregulated candidate genes were involved in ‘positive regulation of cell death’ and ‘positive regulation of cell proliferation’. These candidate genes were also involved in different signaling pathways associated with ‘PI3K/Akt signaling pathway’, ‘Rap1 signaling pathway’, ‘Ras signaling pathway’ and ‘MAPK signaling pathway’, which are highly associated with the development of T2DM. Furthermore, a microRNA (miR)-target gene regulatory network and a transcription factor-target gene regulatory network were constructed based on miRNet and NetworkAnalyst databases, respectively. Notably, hsa-miR-192-5p, hsa-miR-124-5p and hsa-miR-335-5p appeared to be involved in T2DM by potentially regulating the expression of various candidate genes, including procollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer 2, connective tissue growth factor and family with sequence similarity 105, member A, protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 1 A and C-C motif chemokine receptor 4. Smad5 and Bcl6, as transcription factors, are regulated by ankyrin repeat domain 23 and transmembrane protein 37, respectively, which might also be used in the molecular diagnosis and targeted therapy of T2DM. Taken together, the results of the present study may offer insight for future genomic-based individualized treatment of T2DM and help determine the underlying molecular mechanisms that lead to T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yana Lu
- Key Laboratory of Dai and Southern Medicine of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Branch, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Jinghong, Yunnan 666100, P.R. China
| | - Yihang Li
- Key Laboratory of Dai and Southern Medicine of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Branch, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Jinghong, Yunnan 666100, P.R. China
| | - Guang Li
- Key Laboratory of Dai and Southern Medicine of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Branch, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Jinghong, Yunnan 666100, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Castriota F, Rieswijk L, Dahlberg S, La Merrill MA, Steinmaus C, Smith MT, Wang JC. A State-of-the-Science Review of Arsenic's Effects on Glucose Homeostasis in Experimental Models. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:16001. [PMID: 31898917 PMCID: PMC7015542 DOI: 10.1289/ehp4517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has more than doubled since 1980. Poor nutrition, sedentary lifestyle, and obesity are among the primary risk factors. While an estimated 70% of cases are attributed to excess adiposity, there is an increased interest in understanding the contribution of environmental agents to diabetes causation and severity. Arsenic is one of these environmental chemicals, with multiple epidemiology studies supporting its association with T2D. Despite extensive research, the molecular mechanism by which arsenic exerts its diabetogenic effects remains unclear. OBJECTIVES We conducted a literature search focused on arsenite exposure in vivo and in vitro, using relevant end points to elucidate potential mechanisms of oral arsenic exposure and diabetes development. METHODS We explored experimental results for potential mechanisms and elucidated the distinct effects that occur at high vs. low exposure. We also performed network analyses relying on publicly available data, which supported our key findings. RESULTS While several mechanisms may be involved, our findings support that arsenite has effects on whole-body glucose homeostasis, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, hepatic glucose metabolism, and both adipose and pancreatic β -cell dysfunction. DISCUSSION This review applies state-of-the-science approaches to identify the current knowledge gaps in our understanding of arsenite on diabetes development. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4517.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Castriota
- Superfund Research Program, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Linda Rieswijk
- Superfund Research Program, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Sarah Dahlberg
- Superfund Research Program, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Michele A. La Merrill
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Craig Steinmaus
- Superfund Research Program, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Martyn T. Smith
- Superfund Research Program, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Jen-Chywan Wang
- Superfund Research Program, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS CAPN10 gene is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Specific members of the calpain system (CAPN1, CAPN2 and CAPN10) are implicated in glucose metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the calpain activity in leukocytes of control subjects and patients with T2D and its association with the calpain family members involved in glucose metabolism and with biochemical parameters that are altered in T2D. METHODS Calpain activity under extracellular glucose concentrations (70-280 mg/dL) was evaluated in leukocytes from subjects with and without T2D. Protein and mRNA levels of CAPN1, CAPN2 and CAPN10 were evaluated. Calpain inhibitors assays were performed in leukocytes from subjects without T2D to evaluate glucose uptake. Calpain activity at 100 mg/dL glucose was correlated with biochemical parameters by multivariate regression. RESULTS Calpain activity in control subjects increased with extracellular glucose concentration in a dose-dependent manner, showing a negative association with HbA1c levels and total amount of CAPN10 protein. In contrast, calpain activity is decreased in patients with T2D and do not respond to changes in glucose concentration. A reduction of CAPN1 autolytic fragments were observed in the subjects with diabetes. Calpain inhibitors decreased calpain activity but did not altered glucose uptake in leukocytes. CONCLUSIONS Calpain activity induced by glucose in leukocytes was associated with biochemical markers of glucose metabolism and with CAPN10 protein abundance. Calpain activity is low in subjects with T2D. Thus, calpain activity induced by extracellular glucose in leukocytes could be a potential marker for T2D early risk detection.
Collapse
|
11
|
Kubi JA, Chen ACH, Fong SW, Lai KP, Wong CKC, Yeung WSB, Lee KF, Lee YL. Effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on the differentiation of embryonic stem cells towards pancreatic lineage and pancreatic beta cell function. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 130:104885. [PMID: 31195220 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Animal and epidemiological studies demonstrated association of persistent exposure of TCDD, an endocrine disrupting chemical, to susceptibility of type 2 diabetes (T2D). High doses of TCDD were commonly employed in experimental animals to illustrate its diabetogenic effects. Data linking the epigenetic effects of low doses of TCDD on embryonic cells to T2D susceptibility risks is very limited. To address whether low dose exposure to TCDD would affect pancreatic development, hESCs pretreated with TCDD at concentrations similar to human exposure were differentiated towards pancreatic lineage cells, and their global DNA methylation patterns were determined. Our results showed that TCDD-treated hESCs had impaired pancreatic lineage differentiation potentials and altered global DNA methylation patterns. Four of the hypermethylated genes (PRKAG1, CAPN10, HNF-1B and MAFA) were validated by DNA bisulfite sequencing. PRKAG1, a regulator in the AMPK signaling pathway critical for insulin secretion, was selected for further functional study in the rat insulinoma cell line, INS-1E cells. TCDD treatment induced PRKAG1 hypermethylation in hESCs, and the hypermethylation was maintained after pancreatic progenitor cells differentiation. Transient Prkag1 knockdown in the INS-1E cells elevated glucose stimulated insulin secretions (GSIS), possibly through mTOR signaling pathway. The current study suggested that early embryonic exposure to TCDD might alter pancreatogenesis, increasing the risk of T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John A Kubi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andy C H Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sze Wan Fong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Keng Po Lai
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chris K C Wong
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - William S B Yeung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai Fai Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yin Lau Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pánico P, Juárez-Nájera A, Iturriaga-Goyon E, Ostrosky-Wegman P, Salazar AM. Arsenic impairs GLUT1 trafficking through the inhibition of the calpain system in lymphocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 380:114700. [PMID: 31398423 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic is associated with increased risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The proteases calpain-1 (CAPN1), calpain-2 (CAPN2) and calpain-10 (CAPN10) and their endogenous inhibitor calpastatin (CAST) regulate glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipocytes. We investigated whether arsenic disrupts GLUT1 trafficking and function through calpain inhibition, using lymphocytes as a cell model. Lymphocytes from healthy subjects were treated with 0.1 or 1 μM of sodium arsenite for 72 h and challenged with 3.9 or 11.1 mM of glucose. Our results showed that arsenite inhibited GLUT1 trafficking, glucose uptake, and calpain activity in the presence of 11.1 mM of glucose. These correlated with a decrease in the autolytical fragment of 50 kDa of CAPN1 and increased levels of CAST, but there were no changes in CAPN2 and CAPN10. We used a cell-free system to evaluate the effect of arsenite over CAPN1, finding that arsenite induced CAPN1 autolysis. To confirm that calpains are involved in GLUT1 trafficking and glucose uptake in lymphocytes, we generated stable CAPN1 or CAPN10 knockdowns in Jurkat cells using short hairpin RNA (shRNA). CAPN1 knockdown induced glucose uptake, while CAPN10 knockdown diminished glucose uptake, which correlated with a significant reduction of calpain activity after the pulse with 11.1 mM of glucose. These data showed that CAPN10 was responsible for the induction of calpain activity after the challenge with 11.1 mM of glucose and that CAPN1 and CAPN10 regulate glucose uptake in lymphocytes. Altogether, our results suggest that arsenite impairs GLUT1 trafficking and function through calpain dysregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Pánico
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Adriana Juárez-Nájera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Emilio Iturriaga-Goyon
- MD/PhD (PECEM) Program, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | | | - Ana María Salazar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang T, Gao Y, Wang X, Shi Y, Xu J, Wu B, He J, Li Y. Calpain-10 drives podocyte apoptosis and renal injury in diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:1811-1820. [PMID: 31571956 PMCID: PMC6750010 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s217924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a progressive microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), driven largely by podocyte apoptosis. The cysteine protease Calpain 10 is known to augment apoptosis and necrosis, and is a potential therapeutic target in DN. METHODS Type 2 diabetes was induced in SD rats by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding and streptozotocin (STZ) injections, and simulated in vitro by culturing conditionally immortalized mouse podocytes in hyperlipidemic (PA, 100 μM) conditions. The rate of apoptosis in the renal tissues and cultured podocytes was determined by TUNEL assay. The expression of Calpain 10 and its biological effects were assayed by real-time PCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. RESULTS Calpain 10 was up-regulated in the kidneys of DN rats, as well as immortalized mouse podocytes. High levels of Calpain 10 was associated with renal dysfunction and tissue destruction, and podocyte injury and apoptosis. Knockdown of Calpain 10 protected podocytes by decreasing apoptosis rate, and upregulated nephrin. CONCLUSION Calpain 10 is a pro-apoptotic factor in DN, and can be targeted for treating glomerular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanbin Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yanbin GaoSchool of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Youanmenwai, Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing100069, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 108 391 1720Email
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yimin Shi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingjie Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin He
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yimeng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nam JS, Han JW, Lee SB, You JH, Kim MJ, Kang S, Park JS, Ahn CW. Calpain-10 and Adiponectin Gene Polymorphisms in Korean Type 2 Diabetes Patients. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2018; 33:364-371. [PMID: 30229575 PMCID: PMC6145956 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2018.33.3.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variations in calpain-10 and adiponectin gene are known to influence insulin secretion and resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recently, several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in calpain-10 and adiponectin gene have been reported to be associated with type 2 diabetes and various metabolic derangements. We investigated the associations between specific calpain-10 and adiponectin gene polymorphisms and Korean type 2 diabetes patients. METHODS Overall, 249 type 2 diabetes patients and 131 non-diabetic control subjects were enrolled in this study. All the subjects were genotyped for SNP-43 and -63 of calpain-10 gene and G276T and T45G frequencies of the adiponectin gene. The clinical characteristics and measure of glucose metabolism were compared within these genotypes. RESULTS Among calpain-10 polymorphisms, SNP-63 T/T were more frequent in diabetes patients, and single SNP-63 increases the susceptibility to type 2 diabetes. However, SNP-43 in calpain-10 and T45G and intron G276T in adiponectin gene were not significantly associated with diabetes, insulin resistance, nor insulin secretion. CONCLUSION Variations in calpain-10, SNP-63 seems to increase the susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in Koreans while SNP-43 and adiponectin SNP-45, -276 are not associated with impaired glucose metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sun Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Woo Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Bae Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hong You
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shinae Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Suk Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul Woo Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pharmacogenetics of posttransplant diabetes mellitus. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2017; 17:209-221. [DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2017.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
16
|
Cui J, Xu X, Yin S, Chen F, Li P, Song C. Meta-analysis of the association between four CAPN10 gene variants and gestational diabetes mellitus. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2016; 294:447-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-016-4140-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
17
|
Somanath S, Partridge CJ, Marshall C, Rowe T, Turner MD. Snapin mediates insulin secretory granule docking, but not trans-SNARE complex formation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:403-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.02.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
18
|
Wan TT, Li XF, Sun YM, Li YB, Su Y. Role of the calpain on the development of diabetes mellitus and its chronic complications. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 74:187-90. [PMID: 26349983 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with acute and chronic complications that cause major morbidity and significant mortality. Calpains, a family of Ca(2+)-dependent cytosolic cysteine proteases, can modulate their substrates' structure and function through limited proteolytic activity. Calpain is a ubiquitous calcium-sensitive protease that is essential for normal physiologic function. However, alterations in calcium homeostasis lead to pathologic activation of calpain in diabetes mellitus. Since not much is known on the relationship between calpain and diabetes mellitus, this review outlines the contribution of calpain to chronic complications of diabetes mellitus, such as diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiu-Fen Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yan-Ming Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Clinical Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yan-Bo Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Seremwe M, Schnellmann RG, Bollag WB. Calpain-10 Activity Underlies Angiotensin II-Induced Aldosterone Production in an Adrenal Glomerulosa Cell Model. Endocrinology 2015; 156:2138-49. [PMID: 25836666 PMCID: PMC4430612 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aldosterone is a steroid hormone important in the regulation of blood pressure. Aberrant production of aldosterone results in the development and progression of diseases including hypertension and congestive heart failure; therefore, a complete understanding of aldosterone production is important for developing more effective treatments. Angiotensin II (AngII) regulates steroidogenesis, in part through its ability to increase intracellular calcium levels. Calcium can activate calpains, proteases classified as typical or atypical based on the presence or absence of penta-EF-hands, which are involved in various cellular responses. We hypothesized that calpain, in particular calpain-10, is activated by AngII in adrenal glomerulosa cells and underlies aldosterone production. Our studies showed that pan-calpain inhibitors reduced AngII-induced aldosterone production in 2 adrenal glomerulosa cell models, primary bovine zona glomerulosa and human adrenocortical carcinoma (HAC15) cells, as well as CYP11B2 expression in the HAC15 cells. Although AngII induced calpain activation in these cells, typical calpain inhibitors had no effect on AngII-elicited aldosterone production, suggesting a lack of involvement of classical calpains in this process. However, an inhibitor of the atypical calpain, calpain-10, decreased AngII-induced aldosterone production. Consistent with this result, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of calpain-10 inhibited aldosterone production and CYP11B2 expression, whereas adenovirus-mediated overexpression of calpain-10 resulted in increased AngII-induced aldosterone production. Our results indicate that AngII-induced activation of calpain-10 in glomerulosa cells underlies aldosterone production and identify calpain-10 or its downstream pathways as potential targets for the development of drug therapies for the treatment of hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mutsa Seremwe
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Administration Medical Center (W.B.B.), Augusta, Georgia 30904; Department of Physiology (M.S., W.B.B.) and Section of Dermatology (W.B.B.), Department of Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; and Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences (R.G.S.), Medical University of South Carolina, and Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center (R.G.S.), Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lipid droplets hypertrophy: a crucial determining factor in insulin regulation by adipocytes. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8816. [PMID: 25743104 PMCID: PMC4649717 DOI: 10.1038/srep08816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) hypertrophy in adipocytes is the main cause of energy metabolic system dysfunction, obesity and its afflictions such as T2D. However, the role of adipocytes in linking energy metabolic disorders with insulin regulation is unknown in humans. Human adipocytes constitutively synthesize and secrete insulin, which is biologically functional. Insulin concentrations and release are fat mass- and LDs-dependent respectively. Fat reduction mediated by bariatric surgery repairs obesity-associated T2D. The expression of genes, like PCSK1 (proinsulin conversion enzyme), GCG (Glucagon), GPLD1, CD38 and NNAT, involved in insulin regulation/release were differentially expressed in pancreas and adipose tissue (AT). INS (insulin) and GCG expression reduced in human AT-T2D as compared to AT-control, but remained unchanged in pancreas in either state. Insulin levels (mRNA/protein) were higher in AT derived from prediabetes BB rats with destructed pancreatic β-cells and controls than pancreas derived from the same rats respectively. Insulin expression in 10 human primary cell types including adipocytes and macrophages is an evidence for extrapancreatic insulin-producing cells. The data suggest a crosstalk between AT and pancreas to fine-tune energy metabolic system or may minimize the metabolic damage during diabetes. This study opens new avenues towards T2D therapy with a great impact on public health.
Collapse
|
21
|
Investigation of Calpain 10 (rs2975760) gene polymorphism in Asian Indians with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Meta Gene 2014; 2:299-306. [PMID: 25606412 PMCID: PMC4287813 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) are part of a heterogeneous and complex metabolic group of disorders that share common pathophysiological circumstances, including β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. The protein Calpain 10 (CAPN10) plays a role in glucose metabolism, pancreatic β-cell insulin secretion, and thermogenesis. Objective Polymerase Chain Reaction–Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) based genotyping of CAPN10 (rs2975760) polymorphism was carried out in T2DM and GDM with suitable controls for each of the pathologies from the same population. Genomic DNA was isolated from 787 participants, including 250 cases of T2DM, 287 pregnant women, of which 137 were identified as having GDM and the remaining 150 were confirmed as non-GDM, and 250 healthy control volunteers, and association analysis was carried out for genotypes and alleles. Results In the present study, T2DM was compared with healthy controls and was not found to be associated with the CAPN10 C allele (odds ratio, OR: 1.09; 95% CI = 0.8011–1.484; p = 0.5821). GDM also did not show any association when compared with non-GDM (OR: 1.124; 95% CI = 0.7585–1.667; p = 0.5606) respectively. Conclusion Our study suggests that the CAPN10 (rs2975760) polymorphism scrutinized in this study is not associated with T2DM and GDM. In this study Calpain 10 (CAPN10) gene was carried out with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). T2DM and GDM are different etiologies of the same complex diseases, frequently coexisting disorders and major components of metabolic syndrome that cause a substantial public health and economic burden worldwide. In this study T2DM, GDM are subsequently studied with rs2975760 polymorphism in CAPN10 gene. Molecular Analysis were performed by PCR-RFLP analysis. A total of 787 samples were included.
Collapse
|
22
|
The calpain system and diabetes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 21:161-7. [PMID: 24630865 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is recognized as a clinical syndrome that is characterized by hyperglycemia due to deficiency of insulin. The global prevalence of diabetes has been estimated to increase from 4% (1995) to 5.4% by the year 2025. Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM/Type-1) in human, generating hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency as a consequence of destructing beta cells in the pancreatic islets. Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM/Type-II), is a multifactorial, exact biochemical and genetic defect which has not yet been elucidated completely. Calpains seem to play a role in NIDDM and IDDM. Positional cloning experiments revealed that there is a NIDDM susceptibility to calpain 10 (CAPN10). Increased calpain activity and leukocyte trafficking were noticed in the microcirculation in ZDF (Zuker diabetic fatty) rats. Exercise and low body weight play a significant role in reducing calpains expression or elevating the calpains degradation in the skeletal muscle of NIDDM rats. Numerous investigations have been reported that non-coding polymorphisms in CAPN10 proteins might be involved in the NIDDM. Calpain and its mRNA presence had been reported in tissues from many mammalian species. CAPN10 and other calpains seem to be linked to glucose metabolism, insulin secretion and action pathways. This review will give an overview of the role of calpain in NIDDM and IDDM.
Collapse
|
23
|
Pánico P, Salazar AM, Burns AL, Ostrosky-Wegman P. Role of calpain-10 in the development of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Arch Med Res 2014; 45:103-15. [PMID: 24508288 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Calpain activity has been implicated in several cellular processes such as cell signaling, apoptosis, exocytosis, mitochondrial metabolism and cytoskeletal remodeling. Evidence has indicated that the impairment of calpain expression and the activity of different calpain family members are involved in diverse pathologies. Calpain-10 has been implicated in the development of type 2 diabetes, and polymorphisms in the CAPN10 gene have been associated with an increased risk of developing this disease. The present work focused on the molecular biology of calpain-10, supporting its key participation in glucose metabolism. Current knowledge regarding the role of calpain-10 in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetes-related diseases is additionally reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Pánico
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D.F. Mexico
| | - Ana María Salazar
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D.F. Mexico
| | - Anna L Burns
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D.F. Mexico
| | - Patricia Ostrosky-Wegman
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D.F. Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ethnic differences in CAPN10 SNP-19 in type 2 diabetes: a North-West Indian case control study and evidence from meta-analysis. Genet Res (Camb) 2014; 95:146-55. [DOI: 10.1017/s0016672313000207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
SummaryCalpain 10 (CAPN10) variants have been associated with the genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes (T2D). In the present case-control study, we analysed the distribution of SNP-19 insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in a total of 607 samples (103 T2D cases and 102 healthy controls) from Brahmin; (100 T2D cases and 100 healthy controls) from Bania and (100 T2D cases and 102 healthy controls) from Jat Sikh ethnic groups of the North-West Indian population. Increased frequency of I allele and II genotype was found in T2D in Brahmin ethnic group [P = 0·003, OR = 2·83 (1·43–5·61 at 95% CI)]. Significant correlation between II genotype and body mass index (BMI) was also observed [P = 0·003, OR = 3·31 (1·52–7·20 at 95% CI)]. No association for the genotypes and alleles was seen in Banias and Jat Sikhs. Our data suggests that SNP-19 I/D variation in the CAPN10 gene is modulated by ethnicity and influences the susceptibility to T2D in the North-West Indian population. We also performed a meta-analysis of relevant studies to assess the validity of this association. Data from 13 case-control studies with 15 760 samples comprising of 8395 T2D cases and 7365 controls were finally analysed. Significant heterogeneity between individual studies was evident in dominant and codominant models. The results of present meta-analysis indicate an association of T2D with carriers of DD genotype of CAPN10 I/D polymorphism. However, further analyses on a larger sample size are required to establish a conclusive association in meta-analysis.
Collapse
|
25
|
Mendoza-Lorenzo P, Salazar AM, Cortes-Arenas E, Saucedo R, Taja-Chayeb L, Flores-Dorantes MT, Pánico P, Sordo M, Ostrosky-Wegman P. The reduction of Calpain-10 expression is associated with risk polymorphisms in obese children. Gene 2013; 516:126-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
26
|
Díaz-Villaseñor A, Cruz L, Cebrián A, Hernández-Ramírez RU, Hiriart M, García-Vargas G, Bassol S, Sordo M, Gandolfi AJ, Klimecki WT, López-Carillo L, Cebrián ME, Ostrosky-Wegman P. Arsenic exposure and calpain-10 polymorphisms impair the function of pancreatic beta-cells in humans: a pilot study of risk factors for T2DM. PLoS One 2013; 8:e51642. [PMID: 23349674 PMCID: PMC3551951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing worldwide and diverse environmental and genetic risk factors are well recognized. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the calpain-10 gene (CAPN-10), which encodes a protein involved in the secretion and action of insulin, and chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) through drinking water have been independently associated with an increase in the risk for T2DM. In the present work we evaluated if CAPN-10 SNPs and iAs exposure jointly contribute to the outcome of T2DM. Insulin secretion (beta-cell function) and insulin sensitivity were evaluated indirectly through validated indexes (HOMA2) in subjects with and without T2DM who have been exposed to a gradient of iAs in their drinking water in northern Mexico. The results were analyzed taking into account the presence of the risk factor SNPs SNP-43 and -44 in CAPN-10. Subjects with T2DM had significantly lower beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity. An inverse association was found between beta-cell function and iAs exposure, the association being more pronounced in subjects with T2DM. Subjects without T2DM who were carriers of the at-risk genotype SNP-43 or -44, also had significantly lower beta-cell function. The association of SNP-43 with beta-cell function was dependent on iAs exposure, age, gender and BMI, whereas the association with SNP-44 was independent of all of these factors. Chronic exposure to iAs seems to be a risk factor for T2DM in humans through the reduction of beta-cell function, with an enhanced effect seen in the presence of the at-risk genotype of SNP-43 in CAPN-10. Carriers of CAPN-10 SNP-44 have also shown reduced beta-cell function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Díaz-Villaseñor
- Departmento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Cruz
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Arturo Cebrián
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, Durango, Mexico
| | - Raúl U. Hernández-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Marcia Hiriart
- División de Neurociencias, Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiología, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gonzálo García-Vargas
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, Durango, Mexico
| | - Susana Bassol
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Monserrat Sordo
- Departmento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A. Jay Gandolfi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Walter T. Klimecki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Lizbeth López-Carillo
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Mariano E. Cebrián
- Sección Externa de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Ostrosky-Wegman
- Departmento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Smith MA, McInnes C, Whitaker RM, Lindsey CC, Comer RF, Beeson CC, Schnellmann RG. Calpain 10 homology modeling with CYGAK and increased lipophilicity leads to greater potency and efficacy in cells. ACS Chem Biol 2012; 7:1410-9. [PMID: 22612451 DOI: 10.1021/cb300219h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Calpain 10 is a ubiquitously expressed mitochondrial and cytosolic Ca(2+)-regulated cysteine protease in which overexpression or knockdown leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. We previously identified a potent and specific calpain 10 peptide inhibitor (CYGAK), but it was not efficacious in cells. Therefore, we created a homology model using the calpain 10 amino acid sequence and calpain 1 3-D structure and docked CYGAK in the active site. Using this model we modified the inhibitor to improve potency 2-fold (CYGAbuK). To increase cellular efficacy, we created CYGAK-S-phenyl-oleic acid heterodimers. Using renal mitochondrial matrix CYGAK, CYGAK-OC, and CYGAK-ON had IC(50)'s of 70, 90, and 875 nM, respectively. Using isolated whole renal mitochondria CYGAK, CYGAK-OC, and CYGAK-ON had IC(50)'s of 95, 196, and >10,000 nM, respectively. Using renal proximal tubular cells (RPTC) in primary culture, 30 min exposures to CYGAK-OC and CYGAbuK-OC decreased cellular calpain activity approximately 20% at 1 μM, and concentrations up to 100 μM had no additional effect. RPTC treated with 10 μM CYGAK-OC for 24 h induced accumulation of ATP synthase β and NDUFB8, two calpain 10 substrates. In summary, we used molecular modeling to improve the potency of CYGAK, while creating CYGAK-oleic acid heterodimers to improve efficacy in cells. Since calpain 10 has been implicated in type 2 diabetes and renal aging, the use of this inhibitor may contribute to elucidating the role of calpain 10 in these and other diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Smith
- Center for Cell Death, Injury, and Regeneration,
Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South
Carolina 29425, United States
| | - Campbell McInnes
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
29208, United States
| | - Ryan M. Whitaker
- Center for Cell Death, Injury, and Regeneration,
Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South
Carolina 29425, United States
| | - Christopher C. Lindsey
- Center for Cell Death, Injury, and Regeneration,
Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South
Carolina 29425, United States
| | - Richard F. Comer
- Center for Cell Death, Injury, and Regeneration,
Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South
Carolina 29425, United States
| | - Craig C. Beeson
- Center for Cell Death, Injury, and Regeneration,
Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South
Carolina 29425, United States
| | - Rick G. Schnellmann
- Center for Cell Death, Injury, and Regeneration,
Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South
Carolina 29425, United States
- Ralph Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South
Carolina 29401, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
McRobert EA, Young AN, Bach LA. Advanced glycation end-products induce calpain-mediated degradation of ezrin. FEBS J 2012; 279:3240-50. [PMID: 22805611 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08710.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are important mediators of diabetic complications via incompletely understood pathways. AGEs bind to intracellular ERM proteins (ezrin, radixin and moesin) that modulate cell shape, motility, adhesion and signal transduction. AGEs bind to the N-terminal domain of ezrin but not full-length ezrin. The AGE binding site may be made accessible either by proteolysis releasing an N-terminal fragment or ezrin activation by phosphorylation. Increased intracellular calcium is a primary event in cell activation by high glucose or AGEs. Calpain activity is increased concomitantly, and ezrin is a calpain substrate. The present study assessed whether glycated proteins affect ezrin cleavage and activation in renal tubule epithelial cells. After 7 days, AGE-BSA decreased ezrin levels in MDCK renal tubular cells to 66 ± 4% of control. AGE-RNAse, ribosylated fetal bovine serum and methylglyoxal-BSA all had similar effects. The AGE-BSA-induced decrease in ezrin was abolished by calpastatin peptide, a specific calpain inhibitor, and 1,2-bis-aminophenoxyethane-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA-AM), a calcium chelator. Ezrin breakdown products were increased in AGE-BSA-treated cells, with a main fragment of ∼ 43 kDa. In vitro, calpain 1 cleaved recombinant human ezrin, generating breakdown fragments including an N-terminal fragment of ∼ 43 kDa. Studies with ezrin mutants showed that non-phosphorylated ezrin was more susceptible to calpain cleavage. AGE-BSA decreased phosphorylated ERM levels to 31 ± 12% in MDCK cells. Thus, AGE-BSA promotes calpain-mediated proteolysis of ezrin in MDCK cells by both increasing calpain activity and reducing phosphorylation. Therapies targeting both glycated proteins and calpain may provide protection against diabetic complications.
Collapse
|
29
|
Smith MA, Covington MD, Schnellmann RG. Loss of calpain 10 causes mitochondrial dysfunction during chronic hyperglycemia. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 523:161-8. [PMID: 22568896 PMCID: PMC3874586 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We showed that renal calpain 10, a mitochondrial and cytosolic Ca(2+)-regulated cysteine protease, is specifically decreased in kidneys of diabetic rats and mice, and is associated with diabetic nephropathy. The goals of this study were to examine renal calpain 10 and mitochondrial dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats and determine the effects of siRNA-mediated knock down of renal calpain 10 on mitochondrial function. Four weeks after streptozotocin injection, calpain 10 protein and mRNA were decreased and calpain 10 substrates accumulated. We detected increased state 2 respiration in isolated renal mitochondria and increased markers of mitochondrial fission and mitophagy. All changes were prevented by daily insulin injection. Compared to scrambled siRNA, calpain 10 siRNA resulted in a marked decrease in renal calpain 10 at 2, 5 and 7 days. In concert with the loss of renal calpain 10, calpain 10 substrates accumulated, mitochondrial fusion decreased, mitochondrial fission and mitophagy increased. In summary, insulin-sensitive hyperglycemia induced loss of renal calpain 10 is correlated with renal mitochondrial dysfunction, fission and mitophagy, and specific depletion of renal calpain 10 produces similar mitochondrial defects. These results provide evidence that diabetes-induced renal mitochondrial dysfunction and renal injury may directly result from the loss of renal calpain 10.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Smith
- Center for Cell Death, Injury, and Regeneration, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Marisa D. Covington
- Center for Cell Death, Injury, and Regeneration, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Rick G. Schnellmann
- Center for Cell Death, Injury, and Regeneration, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
- Ralph Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cagliani R, Riva S, Marino C, Fumagalli M, D’Angelo MG, Riva V, Comi GP, Pozzoli U, Forni D, Cáceres M, Bresolin N, Clerici M, Sironi M. Variants in SNAP25 are targets of natural selection and influence verbal performances in women. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:1705-15. [PMID: 22193912 PMCID: PMC11114840 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0896-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Descriptions of genes that are adaptively evolving in humans and that carry polymorphisms with an effect on cognitive performances have been virtually absent. SNAP25 encodes a presynaptic protein with a role in regulation of neurotransmitter release. We analysed the intra-specific diversity along SNAP25 and identified a region in intron 1 that shows signatures of balancing selection in humans. The estimated TMRCA (time to the most recent common ancestor) of the SNAP25 haplotype phylogeny amounted to 2.08 million years. The balancing selection signature is not secondary to demographic events or to biased gene conversion, and encompasses rs363039. This SNP has previously been associated to cognitive performances with contrasting results in different populations. We analysed this variant in two Italian cohorts in different age ranges and observed a significant genotype effect for rs363039 on verbal performances in females alone. Post hoc analysis revealed that the effect is driven by differences between heterozygotes and both homozygous genotypes. Thus, heterozygote females for rs363039 display higher verbal performances compared to both homozygotes. This finding was replicated in a cohort of Italian subjects suffering from neuromuscular diseases that do not affect cognition. Heterozygote advantage is one of the possible reasons underlying the maintenance of genetic diversity in natural populations. The observation that heterozygotes for rs363039 display higher verbal abilities compared to homozygotes perfectly fits the underlying balancing selection model. Although caution should be used in inferring selective pressures from observed signatures, SNAP25 might represent the first description of an adaptively evolving gene with a role in cognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Cagliani
- Bioinformatic Lab, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Via don L. Monza 20, 23842 Bosisio Parini, LC Italy
| | - Stefania Riva
- Bioinformatic Lab, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Via don L. Monza 20, 23842 Bosisio Parini, LC Italy
| | - Cecilia Marino
- Bioinformatic Lab, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Via don L. Monza 20, 23842 Bosisio Parini, LC Italy
| | - Matteo Fumagalli
- Bioinformatic Lab, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Via don L. Monza 20, 23842 Bosisio Parini, LC Italy
| | - Maria Grazia D’Angelo
- Bioinformatic Lab, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Via don L. Monza 20, 23842 Bosisio Parini, LC Italy
| | - Valentina Riva
- The Academic Centre for the Study of Behavioural Plasticity, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo P. Comi
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Dino Ferrari Centre, University of Milan, Fondazione Ca’ Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Uberto Pozzoli
- Bioinformatic Lab, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Via don L. Monza 20, 23842 Bosisio Parini, LC Italy
| | - Diego Forni
- Bioinformatic Lab, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Via don L. Monza 20, 23842 Bosisio Parini, LC Italy
| | - Mario Cáceres
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nereo Bresolin
- Bioinformatic Lab, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Via don L. Monza 20, 23842 Bosisio Parini, LC Italy
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Dino Ferrari Centre, University of Milan, Fondazione Ca’ Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- Chair of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies LITA Segrate, University of Milan, 20090 Milano, Italy
- Fondazione Don C. Gnocchi, IRCCS, 20148 Milano, Italy
| | - Manuela Sironi
- Bioinformatic Lab, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Via don L. Monza 20, 23842 Bosisio Parini, LC Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Falasca M, Maffucci T. Regulation and cellular functions of class II phosphoinositide 3-kinases. Biochem J 2012; 443:587-601. [PMID: 22507127 DOI: 10.1042/bj20120008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Class II isoforms of PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) are still the least investigated and characterized of all PI3Ks. In the last few years, an increased interest in these enzymes has improved our understanding of their cellular functions. However, several questions still remain unanswered on their mechanisms of activation, their specific downstream effectors and their contribution to physiological processes and pathological conditions. Emerging evidence suggests that distinct PI3Ks activate different signalling pathways, indicating that their functional roles are probably not redundant. In the present review, we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of mammalian class II PI3Ks and the evidence suggesting their involvement in human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Falasca
- Inositide Signalling Group, Centre for Diabetes, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Suckow AT, Zhang C, Egodage S, Comoletti D, Taylor P, Miller MT, Sweet IR, Chessler SD. Transcellular neuroligin-2 interactions enhance insulin secretion and are integral to pancreatic β cell function. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:19816-26. [PMID: 22528485 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.280537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal glucose-stimulated insulin secretion is dependent on interactions between neighboring β cells. Elucidation of the reasons why this cell-to-cell contact is essential will probably yield critical insights into β cell maturation and function. In the central nervous system, transcellular protein interactions (i.e. interactions between proteins on the surfaces of different cells) involving neuroligins are key mediators of synaptic functional development. We previously demonstrated that β cells express neuroligin-2 and that insulin secretion is affected by changes in neuroligin-2 expression. Here we show that the effect of neuroligin-2 on insulin secretion is mediated by transcellular interactions. Neuroligin-2 binds with nanomolar affinity to a partner on the β cell surface and contributes to the increased insulin secretion brought about by β cell-to-β cell contact. It does so in a manner seemingly independent of interactions with neurexin, a known binding partner. As in the synapse, transcellular neuroligin-2 interactions enhance the functioning of the submembrane exocytic machinery. Also, as in the synapse, neuroligin-2 clustering is important. Neuroligin-2 in soluble form, rather than presented on a cell surface, decreases insulin secretion by rat islets and MIN-6 cells, most likely by interfering with endogenous neuroligin interactions. Prolonged contact with neuroligin-2-expressing cells increases INS-1 β cell proliferation and insulin content. These results extend the known parallels between the synaptic and β cell secretory machineries to extracellular interactions. Neuroligin-2 interactions are one of the few transcellular protein interactions thus far identified that directly enhance insulin secretion. Together, these results indicate a significant role for transcellular neuroligin-2 interactions in the establishment of β cell function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur T Suckow
- Department of Medicine and Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, UCSD School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Higuchi M, Iwata N, Matsuba Y, Takano J, Suemoto T, Maeda J, Ji B, Ono M, Staufenbiel M, Suhara T, Saido TC. Mechanistic involvement of the calpain-calpastatin system in Alzheimer neuropathology. FASEB J 2011; 26:1204-17. [PMID: 22173972 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-187740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism by which amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) accumulation causes neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unresolved. Given that Aβ perturbs calcium homeostasis in neurons, we investigated the possible involvement of calpain, a calcium-activated neutral protease. We first demonstrated close postsynaptic association of calpain activation with Aβ plaque formation in brains from both patients with AD and transgenic (Tg) mice overexpressing amyloid precursor protein (APP). Using a viral vector-based tracer, we then showed that axonal termini were dynamically misdirected to calpain activation-positive Aβ plaques. Consistently, cerebrospinal fluid from patients with AD contained a higher level of calpain-cleaved spectrin than that of controls. Genetic deficiency of calpastatin (CS), a calpain-specific inhibitor protein, augmented Aβ amyloidosis, tau phosphorylation, microgliosis, and somatodendritic dystrophy, and increased mortality in APP-Tg mice. In contrast, brain-specific CS overexpression had the opposite effect. These findings implicate that calpain activation plays a pivotal role in the Aβ-triggered pathological cascade, highlighting a target for pharmacological intervention in the treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Higuchi
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Smith MA, Schnellmann RG. Mitochondrial calpain 10 is degraded by Lon protease after oxidant injury. Arch Biochem Biophys 2011; 517:144-52. [PMID: 22179018 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2011.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Calpain 10 is ubiquitously expressed and is one of four mitochondrial matrix proteases. We determined that over-expression or knock-down of mitochondrial calpain 10 results in cell death, demonstrating that mitochondrial calpain 10 is required for viability. Thus, we studied calpain 10 degradation in isolated mitochondrial matrix, mitochondria and in renal proximal tubular cells (RPTC) under control and toxic conditions. Using isolated renal cortical mitochondria and mitochondrial matrix, calpain 10 underwent rapid degradation at 37°C that was blocked with Lon inhibitors but not by calpain or proteasome inhibitors. While exogenous Ca(2+) addition, Ca(2+) chelation or exogenous ATP addition had no effect on calpain 10 degradation, the oxidants tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) or H(2)O(2) increased the rate of degradation. Using RPTC, mitochondrial and cytosolic calpain 10 increased in the presence of MG132 (Lon/proteasome inhibitor) but only cytosolic calpain 10 increased in the presence of epoxomicin (proteasome inhibitor). Furthermore, TBHP and H(2)O(2) oxidized mitochondrial calpain 10, decreased mitochondrial, but not cytosolic calpain 10, and pretreatment with MG132 blocked TBHP-induced degradation of calpain 10. In summary, mitochondrial calpain 10 is selectively degraded by Lon protease under basal conditions and is enhanced under and oxidizing conditions, while cytosolic calpain 10 is degraded by the proteasome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Smith
- Center for Cell Death, Injury, and Regeneration, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chronic high glucose downregulates mitochondrial calpain 10 and contributes to renal cell death and diabetes-induced renal injury. Kidney Int 2011; 81:391-400. [PMID: 22012129 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2011.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Whereas most calpains are cytosolic proteases, calpain 10 is resident in mitochondria and is important in mitochondrial homeostasis. Because calpain 10 has been implicated in type 2 diabetes, we studied its possible role in diabetes-induced renal dysfunction. We treated renal proximal tubular cells with high glucose (17 mmol/l) and found decreased mitochondrial calpain 10 mRNA and protein at 96 h compared with cells incubated with 0 or 5 mmol/l glucose or 17 mmol/l D-mannitol. High glucose increased mitochondrial calpain 10 substrates (NDUFB8 and ATP synthase β), decreased basal and uncoupled respiration, and initiated cell apoptosis as indicated by cleaved caspase 3 and nuclear condensation. Renal calpain 10 protein and mRNA were specifically decreased in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with kidney dysfunction, and in diabetic ob/ob mice. In agreement with our in vitro data, the kidneys of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats had elevated calpain 10 substrates and cleaved caspase 3. Finally, specific siRNA-induced knockdown of calpain 10 in the proximal tubules of control rats resulted in decreased renal function as evidenced by increased serum creatinine, and increased caspase 3 cleavage compared with rats receiving scrambled siRNA. Thus, the glucose-induced loss of calpain 10 in vivo results in renal cell apoptosis and organ failure through accumulation of mitochondrial calpain 10 substrates and mitochondrial dysfunction. Whether this is a major cause of the decreased renal function in diabetic nephropathy will require further studies.
Collapse
|
36
|
Schäfer SA, Machicao F, Fritsche A, Häring HU, Kantartzis K. New type 2 diabetes risk genes provide new insights in insulin secretion mechanisms. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2011; 93 Suppl 1:S9-24. [PMID: 21864758 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8227(11)70008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes results from the inability of beta cells to increase insulin secretion sufficiently to compensate for insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is thought to result mainly from environmental factors, such as obesity. However, there is compelling evidence that the decline of both insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion have also a genetic component. Recent genome-wide association studies identified several novel risk genes for type 2 diabetes. The vast majority of these genes affect beta cell function by molecular mechanisms that remain unknown in detail. Nevertheless, we and others could show that a group of genes affect glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, a group incretin-stimulated insulin secretion (incretin sensitivity or secretion) and a group proinsulin-to-insulin conversion. The most important so far type 2 diabetes risk gene, TCF7L2, interferes with all three mechanisms. In addition to advancing knowledge in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes, the discovery of novel genetic determinants of diabetes susceptibility may help understanding of gene-environment, gene-therapy and gene-gene interactions. It was also hoped that it could make determination of the individual risk for type 2 diabetes feasible. However, the allelic relative risks of most genetic variants discovered so far are relatively low. Thus, at present, clinical criteria assess the risk for type 2 diabetes with greater sensitivity and specificity than the combination of all known genetic variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silke A Schäfer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Vascular Disease and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Fong PY, Fesinmeyer MD, White E, Farin FM, Srinouanprachanh S, Afsharinejad Z, Mandelson MT, Brentnall TA, Barnett MJ, Goodman GE, Austin MA. Association of diabetes susceptibility gene calpain-10 with pancreatic cancer among smokers. J Gastrointest Cancer 2011; 41:203-8. [PMID: 20178008 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-010-9130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to test the association between calpain-10 (CAPN10), a diabetes susceptibility gene, with risk of pancreatic cancer (PC). METHODS DNA samples from 83 incident exocrine PC cases and 166 controls, all of whom were smokers, were genotyped for four markers of CAPN10 in a nested case-control study based on the Beta-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET), a randomized chemoprevention trial of subjects at high risk of lung cancer. Controls were matched on sex, race, age, CARET intervention arm, duration of exposure to asbestos, and smoking history. Conditional logistic regression was used for statistical analyses. RESULTS The minor allele of SNP-43 (rs3792267) in intron 3 was associated with increased risk of PC with an odds ratio of 1.57 (95%CI 1.03-2.38, p = 0.035) per allele. The three markers of the highest risk haplotype had an odds ratio of 1.98 (95%CI 1.12-3.49, p = 0.019) for risk of PC compared to the most common haplotype. There was no evidence of interaction between either of these associations by diabetes status. CONCLUSION These results suggest that variation in CAPN10 may be associated with increased risk of PC among smokers. Thus, studies of genes associated with diabetes risk in PC are warranted in a larger population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pui-yee Fong
- Institute for Public Health Genetics, University of Washington, Box 357236, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Dominguez V, Raimondi C, Somanath S, Bugliani M, Loder MK, Edling CE, Divecha N, da Silva-Xavier G, Marselli L, Persaud SJ, Turner MD, Rutter GA, Marchetti P, Falasca M, Maffucci T. Class II phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulates exocytosis of insulin granules in pancreatic beta cells. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:4216-25. [PMID: 21127054 PMCID: PMC3039383 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.200295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are critical regulators of pancreatic β cell mass and survival, whereas their involvement in insulin secretion is more controversial. Furthermore, of the different PI3Ks, the class II isoforms were detected in β cells, although their role is still not well understood. Here we show that down-regulation of the class II PI3K isoform PI3K-C2α specifically impairs insulin granule exocytosis in rat insulinoma cells without affecting insulin content, the number of insulin granules at the plasma membrane, or the expression levels of key proteins involved in insulin secretion. Proteolysis of synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa, a process involved in insulin granule exocytosis, is impaired in cells lacking PI3K-C2α. Finally, our data suggest that the mRNA for PI3K-C2α may be down-regulated in islets of Langerhans from type 2 diabetic compared with non-diabetic individuals. Our results reveal a critical role for PI3K-C2α in β cells and suggest that down-regulation of PI3K-C2α may be a feature of type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Dominguez
- From the Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Centre for Diabetes, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom
| | - Claudio Raimondi
- From the Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Centre for Diabetes, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom
| | - Sangeeta Somanath
- From the Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Centre for Diabetes, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Bugliani
- the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Pisa 56100, Italy
| | - Merewyn K. Loder
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte E. Edling
- From the Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Centre for Diabetes, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom
| | - Nullin Divecha
- The Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, United Kingdom, and
| | - Gabriela da Silva-Xavier
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Lorella Marselli
- the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Pisa 56100, Italy
| | - Shanta J. Persaud
- the Diabetes Research Group, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Mark D. Turner
- From the Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Centre for Diabetes, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom
| | - Guy A. Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Piero Marchetti
- the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Pisa 56100, Italy
| | - Marco Falasca
- From the Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Centre for Diabetes, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom
| | - Tania Maffucci
- From the Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Centre for Diabetes, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sugiyama Y, Murao K, Imachi H, Sueyoshi N, Ishida T, Kameshita I. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV involvement in the pathophysiology of glucotoxicity in rat pancreatic β-cells. Metabolism 2011; 60:145-53. [PMID: 20423744 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2010.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Glucotoxicity is a critical component of the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus; however, the molecular mechanisms of glucotoxicity are still not fully understood. We have attempted to determine the protein kinases involved in glucotoxicity in pancreatic β-cells by the use of a new technique. Using Multi-PK antibodies, which are capable of detecting a wide variety of protein kinases, we analyzed the protein kinase that correlated with insulin synthesis in INS-1 cells under glucotoxic conditions. When expression patterns of protein kinases in INS-1 cells were analyzed by Western blotting with Multi-PK antibodies, a kinase of 63 kd was significantly reduced concomitant with the decrease of insulin secretion under glucotoxic conditions. To identify the 63-kd kinase, we used a unique 2-dimensional gel electrophoretic technique and MicroRotofor (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan) electrophoresis. From the molecular size of a native kinase/cyanogen bromide fragment and pI value, the 63-kd protein kinase was deduced to be CaMKIV. This was confirmed by Western blotting analysis using anti-CaMKIV antibodies. The decreased CaMKIV levels under glucotoxic conditions recovered to original levels after changing the medium to a normal glucose concentration. Recombinant CaMKIV was degraded in a Ca²+-dependent manner by incubation with cell lysates from INS-1 cells under glucotoxic conditions, and degradation was protected by calpain inhibitor. Furthermore, CaMKIV was reduced in the pancreatic islets of diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty rats, whereas that of nondiabetic Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka rats was not. This study suggests that the abnormal regulation of CaMKIV is a component of β-cell dysfunction caused by high glucose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Sugiyama
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gustavsson N, Wang X, Wang Y, Seah T, Xu J, Radda GK, Südhof TC, Han W. Neuronal calcium sensor synaptotagmin-9 is not involved in the regulation of glucose homeostasis or insulin secretion. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15414. [PMID: 21085706 PMCID: PMC2976867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin secretion is a complex and highly regulated process. It is well established that cytoplasmic calcium is a key regulator of insulin secretion, but how elevated intracellular calcium triggers insulin granule exocytosis remains unclear, and we have only begun to define the identities of proteins that are responsible for sensing calcium changes and for transmitting the calcium signal to release machineries. Synaptotagmins are primarily expressed in brain and endocrine cells and exhibit diverse calcium binding properties. Synaptotagmin-1, -2 and -9 are calcium sensors for fast neurotransmitter release in respective brain regions, while synaptotagmin-7 is a positive regulator of calcium-dependent insulin release. Unlike the three neuronal calcium sensors, whose deletion abolished fast neurotransmitter release, synaptotagmin-7 deletion resulted in only partial loss of calcium-dependent insulin secretion, thus suggesting that other calcium-sensors must participate in the regulation of insulin secretion. Of the other synaptotagmin isoforms that are present in pancreatic islets, the neuronal calcium sensor synaptotagmin-9 is expressed at the highest level after synaptotagmin-7. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study we tested whether synaptotagmin-9 participates in the regulation of glucose-stimulated insulin release by using pancreas-specific synaptotagmin-9 knockout (p-S9X) mice. Deletion of synaptotagmin-9 in the pancreas resulted in no changes in glucose homeostasis or body weight. Glucose tolerance, and insulin secretion in vivo and from isolated islets were not affected in the p-S9X mice. Single-cell capacitance measurements showed no difference in insulin granule exocytosis between p-S9X and control mice. CONCLUSIONS Thus, synaptotagmin-9, although a major calcium sensor in the brain, is not involved in the regulation of glucose-stimulated insulin release from pancreatic β-cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gustavsson
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (WH); (NG)
| | - Xiaorui Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tingting Seah
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Xu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - George K. Radda
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas C. Südhof
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Weiping Han
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (WH); (NG)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mechanisms of pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis in diabetes and its therapies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 654:447-62. [PMID: 20217509 DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-3271-3_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes occurs when beta-cells no longer function properly or have been destroyed. Pancreatic beta-cell death by apoptosis contributes significantly in both autoimmune type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Pancreatic beta-cell death can be induced by multiple stresses in both major types of diabetes. There are also several rare forms of diabetes, including Wolcott-Rallison syndrome, Wolfram syndrome, as well as some forms of maturity onset diabetes of the young that are caused by mutations in genes that may play important roles in beta-cell survival. The use of islet transplantation as a treatment for diabetes is also limited by excessive beta-cell apoptosis. Mechanistic insights into the control of pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis are therefore important for the prevention and treatment of diabetes. Indeed, a substantial quantity of research has been dedicated to this area over the past decade. In this chapter, we review the factors that influence the propensity of beta-cells to undergo apoptosis and the mechanisms of this programmed cell death in the initiation and progression of diabetes.
Collapse
|
42
|
Johnson JD, Otani K, Bell GI, Polonsky KS. Impaired insulin secretion in transgenic mice over-expressing calpastatin in pancreatic β-cells. Islets 2009; 1:242-8. [PMID: 21099278 PMCID: PMC3044710 DOI: 10.4161/isl.1.3.9780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpains are a family of calcium-activated proteases involved in a number of cellular functions including cell death, proliferation and exocytosis. The finding that variation in the calpain-10 gene increases type 2 diabetes risk in some populations has increased interest in determining the potential role of calpains in pancreatic β-cell function. In the present study, transgenic mice (Cast (RIP)) expressing an endogenous calpain inhibitor, calpastatin, in pancreatic β-cells were used to dissect the role of the calpain system in the regulation insulin secretion in vivo and in vitro. Glucose concentrations after the administration of intraperitoneal glucose were significantly increased in Cast (RIP) mice compared with wildtype littermate controls. This was associated with a reduction in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vivo. Using pancreas perfusion, static islet incubation and islet perifusion, it was demonstrated that Cast (RIP) islets hypersecreted insulin at low glucose, but exhibited significantly impaired insulin responses to high glucose. Examination of insulin release and calcium signals from isolated islets indicated that distal components of the insulin exocytotic pathway were abnormal in Cast (RIP) mice. Cast (RIP) islets had modestly reduced expression of Rab3a and other critical components in the late steps of insulin exocytosis. These studies provide the first evidence that blocking endogenous calpain activity partially impairs insulin release in vivo and in vitro by targeting distal components of the insulin exocytotic machinery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James D. Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences; Department of Surgery; University of British Columbia; Vancouver, Canada
- Correspondence to: James D. Johnson and Kenneth S. Polonsky
| | - Kenichi Otani
- Department of Internal Medicine; Washington University; St. Louis; MO USA
| | - Graeme I. Bell
- Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics; The University of Chicago; Chicago; IL USA
| | - Kenneth S. Polonsky
- Department of Internal Medicine; Washington University; St. Louis; MO USA
- Correspondence to: James D. Johnson and Kenneth S. Polonsky
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disease that is caused by insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction. Furthermore, type 2 diabetes has an evident genetic component and represents a polygenic disease. During the last decade, considerable progress was made in the identification of type 2 diabetes risk genes. This was crucially influenced by the development of affordable high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays that prompted several successful genome-wide association scans in large case-control cohorts. Subsequent to the identification of type 2 diabetes risk SNPs, cohorts thoroughly phenotyped for prediabetic traits with elaborate in vivo methods allowed an initial characterization of the pathomechanisms of these SNPs. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms are still incompletely understood, a surprising result of these pathomechanistic investigations was that most of the risk SNPs affect beta-cell function. This favors a beta-cell-centric view on the genetics of type 2 diabetes. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the type 2 diabetes risk genes and their variants' pathomechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harald Staiger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
High extracellular glucose inhibits exocytosis through disruption of syntaxin 1A-containing lipid rafts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 389:241-6. [PMID: 19716806 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.08.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is characterized by high blood glucose which eventually impairs the secretion of insulin. Glucose directly affects cholesterol biosynthesis and may in turn affect cellular structures that depend on the sterol, including lipid rafts that help organize the secretory apparatus. Here, we investigated the long-term effects of glucose upon lipid rafts and secretory granule dynamics in pancreatic beta-cells. Raft fractions, identified by the presence of GM1 and flotillin, contained characteristically high levels of cholesterol and syntaxin 1A, the t-SNARE which tethers granules to the plasma membrane. Seventy-two hours exposure to 28mM glucose resulted in approximately 30% reduction in membrane cholesterol, with consequent redistribution of raft markers and syntaxin 1A throughout the plasma membrane. Live cell imaging indicated loss of syntaxin 1A from granule docking sites, and fewer docked granules. In conclusion, glucose-mediated inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis perturbs lipid raft stability, resulting in a loss of syntaxin 1A from granule docking sites and inhibition of insulin secretion.
Collapse
|
45
|
Ling C, Groop L, Guerra SD, Lupi R. Calpain-10 expression is elevated in pancreatic islets from patients with type 2 diabetes. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6558. [PMID: 19688040 PMCID: PMC2719809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2008] [Accepted: 01/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calpain-10 was the first gene to be identified influencing the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) by positioning cloning. Studies in beta-cell lines and rodent islets suggest that calpain-10 may act as a regulator of insulin secretion. However, its role in human pancreatic islets remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine if calpain-10 expression is altered in islets from patients with T2D and if the transcript level correlates with insulin release. We also tested if polymorphisms in the CAPN10 gene are associated with gene expression and insulin secretion in vitro. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Calpain-10 mRNA expression was analysed in human pancreatic islets from 34 non-diabetic and 10 T2D multi-organ donors. CAPN10 SNP-43 and SNP-44 were genotyped and related to gene expression and insulin release in response to glucose, arginine and glibenclamide. The mRNA level of calpain-10 was elevated by 64% in pancreatic islets from patients with T2D compared with non-diabetic donors (P = 0.01). Moreover, the calpain-10 expression correlated positively with arginine-stimulated insulin release in islets from non-diabetic donors (r = 0.45, P = 0.015). However, this correlation was lost in islets from patients with T2D (r = 0.09; P = 0.8). The G/G variant of SNP-43 was associated with reduced insulin release in response to glucose (P</=0.04) in non-diabetic donors. CONCLUSIONS While calpain-10 expression correlates with insulin release in non-diabetic human islets, this correlation is lost in T2D suggesting that a stimulatory effect of calpain-10 could be lost in patients with T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Ling
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre (CRC), Malmö, Sweden.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Rasbach KA, Arrington DD, Odejinmi S, Giguere C, Beeson CC, Schnellmann RG. Identification and optimization of a novel inhibitor of mitochondrial calpain 10. J Med Chem 2009; 52:181-8. [PMID: 19072163 DOI: 10.1021/jm800735d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calpain 10 has been localized to the mitochondria and is a key mediator of Ca(2+) induced mitochondrial dysfunction. A peptide screen followed by a series of modifications identified the homodisulfide form of CYGAK (CYGAK)(2) as an inhibitor of calpain 10 while showing no inhibitory activity against calpain 1. Methylation or truncation of the N-terminal cysteine significantly reduced the inhibitory activity of (CYGAK)(2) and inhibition was reversed by reducing agents, suggesting that CYGAK forms a disulfide with a cysteine near the active site. Data suggests CYGAK may be a P' calpain inhibitor and may achieve its specificity through this mechanism. CYGAK inhibited calpain activity in intact mitochondria, renal cells, and hepatocytes, prevented Ca(2+) induced cleavage of NDUFV2, and blocked Ca(2+) induced state III dysfunction. (CYGAK)(2) is the first P' specific calpain inhibitor and will be a valuable tool to prevent Ca(2+) induced mitochondrial dysfunction and explore the function of calpain 10.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Rasbach
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Cell Death, Injury, and Regeneration, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Khoutorsky A, Spira ME. Activity-dependent calpain activation plays a critical role in synaptic facilitation and post-tetanic potentiation. Learn Mem 2009; 16:129-41. [DOI: 10.1101/lm.1275709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
48
|
Noma N, Nishimatsu K, Enjoji M, Tabata K, Shitanaka M, Shimada M. Induced Synaptotagmin (SYT) Protein Family Binds to Membrane SNAP25 to Facilitate Vesicle Secretion in Murine Granulosa/Cumulus Cells during Ovulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1274/0916-7625-25.3.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
49
|
Grumelli C, Berghuis P, Pozzi D, Caleo M, Antonucci F, Bonanno G, Carmignoto G, Dobszay MB, Harkany T, Matteoli M, Verderio C. Calpain activity contributes to the control of SNAP-25 levels in neurons. Mol Cell Neurosci 2008; 39:314-23. [PMID: 18721885 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2008.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2008] [Revised: 07/04/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Calpains are a family of calcium-dependent proteases with abundant expression in the CNS, and potent in cleaving some synaptic components. Assessment of calpain activity by its fluorescent substrate, Boc-Leu-Met-CMAC, revealed that cultured neurons display a significant level of constitutive enzyme activity. Notably, calpain activity differs in distinct neuronal populations, with a significantly higher level of activity in GABAergic cells. Using selectively-enriched cultures of fast-spiking GABAergic interneurons, we show that calpain activity partially contributes to the post-translational down regulation of SNAP-25, a calpain substrate, in differentiated GABA cells. In addition, we demonstrate that SNAP-25 is cleaved by calpain in response to acute seizures induced by intraperitoneal kainate injection in vivo. These data indicate that calpains in neurons are active even at physiological calcium concentrations and that different levels of calpain activation in selected neuron subtypes may contribute to the pattern of synaptic protein expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Grumelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia Medica, Istituto CNR di Neuroscienze, Universita' di Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Association of calpain-10 polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes in the Tunisian population. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2008; 34:273-8. [PMID: 18487065 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2008.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2007] [Revised: 01/09/2008] [Accepted: 01/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide analyses of the genetic predisposition to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in different isolates and populations have identified regions of interest called non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) 1, 2, 3 and 4. At the NIDDM1 locus (2q37.3), calpain-10 (CAPN10) encodes for a ubiquitously expressed protease implicated in the two fundamental pathophysiological aspects of T2DM. This is a report of the results of a study of the association of four CAPN10 polymorphisms with T2DM in the Tunisian population. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS A total of 222 T2DM patients with a diabetes duration of 10 years or more and 206 healthy controls were enrolled to analyze the frequency distribution of four CAPN10 polymorphisms (UCSNP-43, UCSNP-19, UCSNP-110 and UCSNP-63) using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in the Tunisian population. We also investigated the association of T2DM with different haplotypes and haplotype combinations. RESULTS Only the A allele of UCSNP-43 showed an association with T2DM (odds ratio, OR=1.86). We also identified a novel combination of haplotypes (121/221) defined by three polymorphisms (UCNSP-43, -19 and -63) that is associated with an increased risk of T2DM (OR=2.38). CONCLUSION In this study involving the Tunisian population, we identified genetic variants within CAPN10 that are linked with T2DM and a novel haplotype combination, 121/221, associated with an increased susceptibility to T2DM.
Collapse
|