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Meng Z, Wang X, Zhang D, Lan Z, Cai X, Bian C, Zhang J. Steroid receptor coactivator-1: The central intermediator linking multiple signals and functions in the brain and spinal cord. Genes Dis 2021; 9:1281-1289. [PMID: 35873031 PMCID: PMC9293692 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of steroid hormones are believed to be mediated by their nuclear receptors (NRs). The p160 coactivator family, including steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1), 2 and 3, has been shown to physically interact with NRs to enhance their transactivational activities. Among which SRC-1 has been predominantly localized in the central nervous system including brain and spinal cord. It is not only localized in neurons but also detectable in neuroglial cells (mainly localized in the nuclei but also detectable in the extra-nuclear components). Although the expression of SRC-1 is regulated by many steroids, it is also regulated by some non-steroidal factors such as injury, sound and light. Functionally, SRC-1 has been implied in normal function such as development and ageing, learning and memory, central regulation on reproductive behaviors, motor and food intake. Pathologically, SRC-1 may play a role in the regulation of neuropsychiatric disorders (including stress, depression, anxiety, and autism spectrum disorder), metabolite homeostasis and obesity as well as tumorigenesis. Under most conditions, the related mechanisms are far from elucidation; although it may regulate spatial memory through Rictor/mTORC2-actin polymerization related synaptic plasticity. Several inhibitors and stimulator of SRC-1 have shown anti-cancer potentials, but whether these small molecules could be used to modulate ageing and central disorder related neuropathology remain unclear. Therefore, to elucidate when and how SRC-1 is turned on and off under different stimuli is very interesting and great challenge for neuroscientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyou Meng
- Department of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, the Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, PR China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Zhen Lan
- Department of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Cai
- Department of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Chen Bian
- School of Psychology, Amy Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Jiqiang Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
- Corresponding author.
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Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Risk of Endometrial Cancer: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082195. [PMID: 32781573 PMCID: PMC7465414 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is an appropriate treatment for women with the climacteric syndrome. The estrogen component of MHT effectively alleviates climacteric symptoms but also stimulates the endometrium and thus may increase the risk of endometrial cancer (EC). Materials and Methods: We performed a systematic literature search of the databases PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify controlled and uncontrolled clinical trials reporting on the prevalence and/or incidence of EC among women using MHT. Results: 31 publications reporting on 21,306 women with EC diagnosed during or after MHT were identified. A significantly reduced risk of EC among continuous-combined (cc)MHT users with synthetic progestins (SPs) was demonstrated in 10/19 studies with odds ratios (ORs)/hazard ratios (HRs) between 0.24 and 0.71. Only one study documented an increased risk of EC among long-term users (≥10 years), not confirmed in three other sub-group analyses of women with ≥6, ≥5, and >10 years of ccMHT use. A significantly increased risk of EC among users of sequential-combined (sc)MHT with SPs was demonstrated in 6/12 studies with ORs/HRs between 1.38 and 4.35. Number of days of progestin per month was a significant modulator of EC risk. A decreased risk of EC was seen in obese women. Two studies documented an increased risk of EC among users of cc/scMHT with micronized progesterone. A significantly increased risk of EC among estrogen-only MHT users was demonstrated in 9/12 studies with ORs/HRs between 1.45 and 4.46. The adverse effect of estrogen-only MHT was greatest among obese women. Conclusion: ccMHT with SPs reduces the risk of EC, whereas estrogen-only MHT increases the risk. scMHT with SPs and cc/scMHT with micronized progesterone increase the risk of EC depending on type of progestin, progestin dosage, and duration of MHT use.
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Woo ARE, Sze SK, Chung HH, Lin VCL. Delineation of critical amino acids in activation function 1 of progesterone receptor for recruitment of transcription coregulators. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2019; 1862:522-533. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Li S, Lan Y, Wu W, Duan X, Kong Z, Wu W, Zeng G. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ modulates renal crystal retention associated with high oxalate concentration by regulating tubular epithelial cellular transdifferentiation. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2837-2850. [PMID: 30317563 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shujue Li
- Department of UrologyMinimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of UrologyGuangzhou Institute of UrologyGuangzhou China
| | - Yu Lan
- Department of UrologyMinimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of UrologyGuangzhou Institute of UrologyGuangzhou China
| | - Wenzheng Wu
- Department of UrologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou China
| | - Xiaolu Duan
- Department of UrologyMinimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of UrologyGuangzhou Institute of UrologyGuangzhou China
| | - Zhenzhen Kong
- Department of UrologyMinimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of UrologyGuangzhou Institute of UrologyGuangzhou China
| | - Wenqi Wu
- Department of UrologyMinimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of UrologyGuangzhou Institute of UrologyGuangzhou China
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Department of UrologyMinimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of UrologyGuangzhou Institute of UrologyGuangzhou China
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Céspedes Rubio ÁE, Pérez-Alvarez MJ, Lapuente Chala C, Wandosell F. Sex steroid hormones as neuroprotective elements in ischemia models. J Endocrinol 2018; 237:R65-R81. [PMID: 29654072 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Among sex steroid hormones, progesterone and estradiol have a wide diversity of physiological activities that target the nervous system. Not only are they carried by the blood stream, but also they are locally synthesized in the brain and for this reason, estradiol and progesterone are considered 'neurosteroids'. The physiological actions of both hormones range from brain development and neurotransmission to aging, illustrating the importance of a deep understanding of their mechanisms of action. In this review, we summarize key roles that estradiol and progesterone play in the brain. As numerous reports have confirmed a substantial neuroprotective role for estradiol in models of neurodegenerative disease, we focus this review on traumatic brain injury and stroke models. We describe updated data from receptor and signaling events triggered by both hormones, with an emphasis on the mechanisms that have been reported as 'rapid' or 'cytoplasmic actions'. Data showing the therapeutic effects of the hormones, used alone or in combination, are also summarized, with a focus on rodent models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Finally, we draw attention to evidence that neuroprotection by both hormones might be due to a combination of 'cytoplasmic' and 'nuclear' signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Enrique Céspedes Rubio
- Departamento de Sanidad AnimalGrupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Maria José Pérez-Alvarez
- Departamento de Biología (Fisiología Animal)Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa'Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)Madrid, Spain
| | - Catalina Lapuente Chala
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades NeurodegenerativasInvestigador Asociado Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Francisco Wandosell
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa'Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)Madrid, Spain
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Lema I, Amazit L, Lamribet K, Fagart J, Blanchard A, Lombès M, Cherradi N, Viengchareun S. RNA-binding protein HuR enhances mineralocorticoid signaling in renal KC3AC1 cells under hypotonicity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:4587-4597. [PMID: 28744670 PMCID: PMC11107542 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2594-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) mediates the sodium-retaining action of aldosterone in the distal nephron. Herein, we decipher mechanisms by which hypotonicity increases MR expression in renal principal cells. We identify HuR (human antigen R), an mRNA-stabilizing protein, as an important posttranscriptional regulator of MR expression. Hypotonicity triggers a rapid and reversible nuclear export of HuR in renal KC3AC1 cells, as quantified by high-throughput microscopy. We also identify a key hairpin motif in the 3'-untranslated region of MR transcript, pivotal for the interaction with HuR and its stabilizing function. Next, we show that hypotonicity increases MR recruitment onto Sgk1 promoter, a well-known MR target gene, thereby enhancing aldosterone responsiveness. Our data shed new light on the crucial role of HuR as a stabilizing factor for the MR transcript and provide evidence for a short autoregulatory loop in which expression of a nuclear receptor transcriptionally regulating water and sodium balance is controlled by osmotic tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Lema
- Inserm U1185, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 63 rue Gabriel Peri, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Larbi Amazit
- Inserm U1185, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 63 rue Gabriel Peri, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- UMS 32, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Khadija Lamribet
- Inserm U1185, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 63 rue Gabriel Peri, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Jérôme Fagart
- Inserm U1185, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 63 rue Gabriel Peri, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Anne Blanchard
- Inserm, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques 9201, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Marc Lombès
- Inserm U1185, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 63 rue Gabriel Peri, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, 94275, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
| | - Nadia Cherradi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm U1036, 38000, Grenoble, France.
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies de Grenoble, Laboratoire Biologie du Cancer et de l'Infection, 38000, Grenoble, France.
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1036, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Say Viengchareun
- Inserm U1185, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 63 rue Gabriel Peri, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
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7
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HuR-Dependent Editing of a New Mineralocorticoid Receptor Splice Variant Reveals an Osmoregulatory Loop for Sodium Homeostasis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4835. [PMID: 28684740 PMCID: PMC5500589 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04838-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldosterone and the Mineralocorticoid Receptor (MR) control hydroelectrolytic homeostasis and alterations of mineralocorticoid signaling pathway are involved in the pathogenesis of numerous human diseases, justifying the need to decipher molecular events controlling MR expression level. Here, we show in renal cells that the RNA-Binding Protein, Human antigen R (HuR), plays a central role in the editing of MR transcript as revealed by a RNA interference strategy. We identify a novel Δ6 MR splice variant, which lacks the entire exon 6, following a HuR-dependent exon skipping event. Using isoform-specific TaqMan probes, we show that Δ6 MR variant is expressed in all MR-expressing tissues and cells and demonstrate that extracelullar tonicity regulates its renal expression. More importantly, this splice variant exerts dominant-negative effects on transcriptional activity of the full-length MR protein. Collectively, our data highlight a crucial role of HuR as a master posttranscriptional regulator of MR expression in response to osmotic stress. We demonstrate that hypotonicity, not only enhances MR mRNA stability, but also decreases expression of the Δ6 MR variant, thus potentiating renal MR signaling. These findings provide compelling evidence for an autoregulatory feedback loop for the control of sodium homeostasis through posttranscriptional events, likely relevant in renal pathophysiological situations.
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8
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Chadwick JA, Hauck JS, Gomez-Sanchez CE, Gomez-Sanchez EP, Rafael-Fortney JA. Gene expression effects of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor agonists and antagonists on normal human skeletal muscle. Physiol Genomics 2017; 49:277-286. [PMID: 28432191 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00128.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors are closely related steroid hormone receptors that regulate gene expression through many of the same hormone response elements. However, their transcriptional activities and effects in skeletal muscles are largely unknown. We recently identified mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) in skeletal muscles after finding that combined treatment with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor lisinopril and MR antagonist spironolactone was therapeutic in Duchenne muscular dystrophy mouse models. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) agonist prednisolone is the current standard-of-care treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy because it prolongs ambulation, likely due to its anti-inflammatory effects. However, data on whether glucocorticoids have a beneficial or detrimental direct effect on skeletal muscle are controversial. Here, we begin to define the gene expression profiles in normal differentiated human skeletal muscle myotubes treated with MR and GR agonists and antagonists. The MR agonist aldosterone and GR agonist prednisolone had highly overlapping gene expression profiles, supporting the notion that prednisolone acts as both a GR and MR agonist that may have detrimental effects on skeletal muscles. Co-incubations with aldosterone plus either nonspecific or selective MR antagonists, spironolactone or eplerenone, resulted in similar numbers of gene expression changes, suggesting that both drugs can block MR activation to a similar extent. Eplerenone treatment alone decreased a number of important muscle-specific genes. This information may be used to develop biomarkers to monitor clinical efficacy of MR antagonists or GR agonists in muscular dystrophy, develop a temporally coordinated treatment with both drugs, or identify novel therapeutics with more specific downstream targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Chadwick
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - J Spencer Hauck
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Celso E Gomez-Sanchez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
| | - Elise P Gomez-Sanchez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Jill A Rafael-Fortney
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio;
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9
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ERα and GnRH co-localize in the hypothalamic neurons of the South American plains vizcacha, Lagostomus maximus (Rodentia, Caviomorpha). J Mol Histol 2017; 48:259-273. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-017-9715-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Amazit L, Le Billan F, Kolkhof P, Lamribet K, Viengchareun S, Fay MR, Khan JA, Hillisch A, Lombès M, Rafestin-Oblin ME, Fagart J. Finerenone Impedes Aldosterone-dependent Nuclear Import of the Mineralocorticoid Receptor and Prevents Genomic Recruitment of Steroid Receptor Coactivator-1. J Biol Chem 2015. [PMID: 26203193 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.657957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldosterone regulates sodium homeostasis by activating the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Hyperaldosteronism leads todeleterious effects on the kidney, blood vessels, and heart. Although steroidal antagonists such as spironolactone and eplerenone are clinically useful for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, they are associated with several side effects. Finerenone, a novel nonsteroidal MR antagonist, is presently being evaluated in two clinical phase IIb trials. Here, we characterized the molecular mechanisms of action of finerenone and spironolactone at several key steps of the MR signaling pathway. Molecular modeling and mutagenesis approaches allowed identification of Ser-810 and Ala-773 as key residues for the high MR selectivity of finerenone. Moreover, we showed that, in contrast to spironolactone, which activates the S810L mutant MR responsible for a severe form of early onset hypertension, finerenone displays strict antagonistic properties. Aldosterone-dependent phosphorylation and degradation of MR are inhibited by both finerenone and spironolactone. However, automated quantification of MR subcellular distribution demonstrated that finerenone delays aldosterone-induced nuclear accumulation of MR more efficiently than spironolactone. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that, as opposed to spironolactone, finerenone inhibits MR, steroid receptor coactivator-1, and RNA polymerase II binding at the regulatory sequence of the SCNN1A gene and also remarkably reduces basal MR and steroid receptor coactivator-1 recruitment, unraveling a specific and unrecognized inactivating mechanism on MR signaling. Overall, our data demonstrate that the highly potent and selective MR antagonist finerenone specifically impairs several critical steps of the MR signaling pathway and therefore represents a promising new generation MR antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larbi Amazit
- From the INSERM, UMR-S 1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94276, France, the Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, UMR-S 1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94276, France, UMS 32, Institut Biomédical de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94276, France
| | - Florian Le Billan
- From the INSERM, UMR-S 1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94276, France, the Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, UMR-S 1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94276, France
| | | | - Khadija Lamribet
- From the INSERM, UMR-S 1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94276, France, the Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, UMR-S 1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94276, France
| | - Say Viengchareun
- From the INSERM, UMR-S 1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94276, France, the Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, UMR-S 1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94276, France
| | - Michel R Fay
- INSERM U773, Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Bichat-Beaujon, CRB3, 75890 Paris, France, and the Université Paris-Denis Diderot, Site Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Junaid A Khan
- From the INSERM, UMR-S 1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94276, France, the Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, UMR-S 1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94276, France
| | - Alexander Hillisch
- Medicinal Chemistry, Bayer Pharma AG, Global Drug Discovery, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Marc Lombès
- From the INSERM, UMR-S 1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94276, France, the Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, UMR-S 1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94276, France
| | - Marie-Edith Rafestin-Oblin
- INSERM U773, Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Bichat-Beaujon, CRB3, 75890 Paris, France, and the Université Paris-Denis Diderot, Site Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Fagart
- From the INSERM, UMR-S 1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94276, France, the Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, UMR-S 1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94276, France, INSERM U773, Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Bichat-Beaujon, CRB3, 75890 Paris, France, and the Université Paris-Denis Diderot, Site Bichat, Paris, France
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11
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Patel B, Elguero S, Thakore S, Dahoud W, Bedaiwy M, Mesiano S. Role of nuclear progesterone receptor isoforms in uterine pathophysiology. Hum Reprod Update 2014; 21:155-73. [PMID: 25406186 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmu056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progesterone is a key hormonal regulator of the female reproductive system. It plays a major role to prepare the uterus for implantation and in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Actions of progesterone on the uterine tissues (endometrium, myometrium and cervix) are mediated by the combined effects of two progesterone receptor (PR) isoforms, designated PR-A and PR-B. Both receptors function primarily as ligand-activated transcription factors. Progesterone action on the uterine tissues is qualitatively and quantitatively determined by the relative levels and transcriptional activities of PR-A and PR-B. The transcriptional activity of the PR isoforms is affected by specific transcriptional coregulators and by PR post-translational modifications that affect gene promoter targeting. In this context, appropriate temporal and cell-specific expression and function of PR-A and PR-B are critical for normal uterine function. METHODS Relevant studies describing the role of PRs in uterine physiology and pathology (endometriosis, uterine leiomyoma, endometrial cancer, cervical cancer and recurrent pregnancy loss) were comprehensively searched using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar and critically reviewed. RESULTS Progesterone, acting through PR-A and PR-B, regulates the development and function of the endometrium and induces changes in cells essential for implantation and the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. During pregnancy, progesterone via the PRs promotes myometrial relaxation and cervical closure. Withdrawal of PR-mediated progesterone signaling triggers menstruation and parturition. PR-mediated progesterone signaling is anti-mitogenic in endometrial epithelial cells, and as such, mitigates the tropic effects of estrogen on eutopic normal endometrium, and on ectopic implants in endometriosis. Similarly, ligand-activated PRs function as tumor suppressors in endometrial cancer cells through inhibition of key cellular signaling pathways required for growth. In contrast, progesterone via PR activation appears to increase leiomyoma growth. The exact role of PRs in cervical cancer is unclear. PRs regulate implantation and therefore aberrant PR function may be implicated in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). PRs likely regulate key immunogenic factors involved in RPL. However, the exact role of PRs in the pathophysiology of RPL and the use of progesterone for therapeutic benefit remains uncertain. CONCLUSIONS PRs are key mediators of progesterone action in uterine tissues and are essential for normal uterine function. Aberrant PR function (due to abnormal expression and/or function) is a major cause of uterine pathophysiology. Further investigation of the underlying mechanisms of PR isoform action in the uterus is required, as this knowledge will afford the opportunity to create progestin/PR-based therapeutics to treat various uterine pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bansari Patel
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sonia Elguero
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Suruchi Thakore
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Wissam Dahoud
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mohamed Bedaiwy
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Sam Mesiano
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Cantley JL, Vatner DF, Galbo T, Madiraju A, Petersen M, Perry RJ, Kumashiro N, Guebre-Egziabher F, Gattu AK, Stacy MR, Dione DP, Sinusas AJ, Ragolia L, Hall CE, Manchem VP, Bhanot S, Bogan JS, Samuel VT. Targeting steroid receptor coactivator 1 with antisense oligonucleotides increases insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose uptake in chow-fed and high-fat-fed male rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 307:E773-83. [PMID: 25159329 PMCID: PMC4216948 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00148.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The steroid receptor coactivator 1 (SRC1) regulates key metabolic pathways, including glucose homeostasis. SRC1(-/-) mice have decreased hepatic expression of gluconeogenic enzymes and a reduction in the rate of endogenous glucose production (EGP). We sought to determine whether decreasing hepatic and adipose SRC1 expression in normal adult rats would alter glucose homeostasis and insulin action. Regular chow-fed and high-fat-fed male Sprage-Dawley rats were treated with an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) against SRC1 or a control ASO for 4 wk, followed by metabolic assessments. SRC1 ASO did not alter basal EGP or expression of gluconeogenic enzymes. Instead, SRC1 ASO increased insulin-stimulated whole body glucose disposal by ~30%, which was attributable largely to an increase in insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake. This was associated with an approximately sevenfold increase in adipose expression of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2 synthase, a previously reported regulator of insulin sensitivity, and an approximately 70% increase in plasma PGD2 concentration. Muscle insulin signaling, AMPK activation, and tissue perfusion were unchanged. Although GLUT4 content was unchanged, SRC1 ASO increased the cleavage of tether-containing UBX domain for GLUT4, a regulator of GLUT4 translocation. These studies point to a novel role of adipose SRC1 as a regulator of insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Cantley
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Departments of Internal Medicine and
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Naoki Kumashiro
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Departments of Internal Medicine and
| | | | - Arijeet K Gattu
- Departments of Internal Medicine and West Haven Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut
| | | | | | | | - Louis Ragolia
- Vascular Biology Institute, Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, New York
| | - Christopher E Hall
- Vascular Biology Institute, Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, New York
| | | | | | - Jonathan S Bogan
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Varman T Samuel
- Departments of Internal Medicine and West Haven Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut;
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Zou C, Mallampalli RK. Regulation of histone modifying enzymes by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:694-702. [PMID: 24389248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Histone post-translational modification is a key step that may result in an epigenetic mark that regulates chromatin structure and gene transcriptional activity thereby impacting many fundamental aspects of human biology. Subtypes of post-translational modification such as acetylation and methylation are executed by a variety of distinct modification enzymes. The cytoplasmic and nuclear concentrations of these enzymes are dynamically and tightly controlled at the protein level to precisely fine-tune transcriptional activity in response to environmental clues and during pathophysiological states. Recent data have emerged demonstrating that the life span of these critical nuclear enzymes involved in histone modification that impact chromatin structure and gene expression are controlled at the level of protein turnover by ubiquitin-proteasomal processing. This review focuses on the recent progress on mechanisms for ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of histone modification enzymes and the potential pathophysiological significance of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunbin Zou
- Department of Medicine, The Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Rama K Mallampalli
- Department of Medicine, The Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Medical Specialty Service Line, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA.
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14
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Dorfman VB, Saucedo L, Di Giorgio NP, Inserra PIF, Fraunhoffer N, Leopardo NP, Halperín J, Lux-Lantos V, Vitullo AD. Variation in Progesterone Receptors and GnRH Expression in the Hypothalamus of the Pregnant South American Plains Vizcacha, Lagostomus maximus (Mammalia, Rodentia)1. Biol Reprod 2013; 89:115. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.107995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Schumacher M, Mattern C, Ghoumari A, Oudinet JP, Liere P, Labombarda F, Sitruk-Ware R, De Nicola AF, Guennoun R. Revisiting the roles of progesterone and allopregnanolone in the nervous system: resurgence of the progesterone receptors. Prog Neurobiol 2013; 113:6-39. [PMID: 24172649 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone is commonly considered as a female reproductive hormone and is well-known for its role in pregnancy. It is less well appreciated that progesterone and its metabolite allopregnanolone are also male hormones, as they are produced in both sexes by the adrenal glands. In addition, they are synthesized within the nervous system. Progesterone and allopregnanolone are associated with adaptation to stress, and increased production of progesterone within the brain may be part of the response of neural cells to injury. Progesterone receptors (PR) are widely distributed throughout the brain, but their study has been mainly limited to the hypothalamus and reproductive functions, and the extra-hypothalamic receptors have been neglected. This lack of information about brain functions of PR is unexpected, as the protective and trophic effects of progesterone are much investigated, and as the therapeutic potential of progesterone as a neuroprotective and promyelinating agent is currently being assessed in clinical trials. The little attention devoted to the brain functions of PR may relate to the widely accepted assumption that non-reproductive actions of progesterone may be mainly mediated by allopregnanolone, which does not bind to PR, but acts as a potent positive modulator of γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A) receptors. The aim of this review is to critically discuss effects of progesterone on the nervous system via PR, and of allopregnanolone via its modulation of GABA(A) receptors, with main focus on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schumacher
- UMR 788 Inserm and University Paris-Sud, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
| | - C Mattern
- M et P Pharma AG, Emmetten, Switzerland
| | - A Ghoumari
- UMR 788 Inserm and University Paris-Sud, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - J P Oudinet
- UMR 788 Inserm and University Paris-Sud, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - P Liere
- UMR 788 Inserm and University Paris-Sud, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - F Labombarda
- Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental and University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Sitruk-Ware
- Population Council and Rockefeller University, New York, USA
| | - A F De Nicola
- Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental and University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Guennoun
- UMR 788 Inserm and University Paris-Sud, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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16
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Zalachoras I, Houtman R, Meijer OC. Understanding stress-effects in the brain via transcriptional signal transduction pathways. Neuroscience 2013; 242:97-109. [PMID: 23545270 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid hormones exert crucial effects on the brain in relation to physiology, endocrine regulation, mood and cognition. Their two receptor types, glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors (GR and MR), are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily and act in large measure as transcription factors. The outcome of MR/GR action on the genome depends on interaction with members from different protein families, which are of crucial importance for cross-talk with other neuronal and hormonal signals that impinge on the glucocorticoid sensitive circuitry. Relevant interacting proteins include other transcription factors that may either tether the receptor to the DNA, or that bind in the vicinity of GR and MR to tune the transcriptional response. In addition, transcriptional coregulator proteins constitute the actual signal transduction pathway to the transcription machinery. We review the current evidence for involvement of individual coregulators in GR-dependent effects on stress responses, and learning and memory. We discuss the use of in vitro and in silico tools to predict those coregulators that are of importance for particular brain processes. Finally, we discuss the potential of selective receptor modulators that may only allow a subset of all interactions, thus allowing more selective targeting of glucocorticoid-dependent processes in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Zalachoras
- Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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17
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Bellance C, Khan JA, Meduri G, Guiochon-Mantel A, Lombès M, Loosfelt H. Progesterone receptor isoforms PRA and PRB differentially contribute to breast cancer cell migration through interaction with focal adhesion kinase complexes. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 24:1363-74. [PMID: 23485561 PMCID: PMC3639048 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-11-0807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Conditionally expressed progesterone receptor isoforms PRA and PRB enhance breast cancer cell migration through interaction with focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and differential regulation of FAK phosphorylation and turnover. PRB-stimulated migration is reduced by progestins, which is prevented by PR antagonists or agonist-bound PRA. Progesterone receptor (PR) and progestins affect mammary tumorigenesis; however, the relative contributions of PR isoforms A and B (PRA and PRB, respectively) in cancer cell migration remains elusive. By using a bi-inducible MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line expressing PRA and/or PRB, we analyzed the effect of conditional PR isoform expression. Surprisingly, unliganded PRB but not PRA strongly enhanced cell migration as compared with PR(–) cells. 17,21-Dimethyl-19-norpregna-4,9-dien-3,20-dione (R5020) progestin limited this effect and was counteracted by the antagonist 11β-(4-dimethylamino)phenyl-17β-hydroxy-17-(1-propynyl)estra-4,9-dien-3-one (RU486). Of importance, PRA coexpression potentiated PRB-mediated migration, whereas PRA alone was ineffective. PR isoforms differentially regulated expressions of major players of cell migration, such as urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), its inhibitor plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1, uPA receptor (uPAR), and β1-integrin, which affect focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling. Moreover, unliganded PRB but not PRA enhanced FAK Tyr397 phosphorylation and colocalized with activated FAK in cell protrusions. Because PRB, as well as PRA, coimmunoprecipitated with FAK, both isoforms can interact with FAK complexes, depending on their respective nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. In addition, FAK degradation was coupled to R5020-dependent turnovers of PRA and PRB. Such an effect of PRB/PRA expression on FAK signaling might thus affect adhesion/motility, underscoring the implication of PR isoforms in breast cancer invasiveness and metastatic evolution with underlying therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Bellance
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 693, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94276, France
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Khan JA, Bellance C, Guiochon-Mantel A, Lombès M, Loosfelt H. Differential regulation of breast cancer-associated genes by progesterone receptor isoforms PRA and PRB in a new bi-inducible breast cancer cell line. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45993. [PMID: 23029355 PMCID: PMC3454371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Progesterone receptor isoforms (PRA and PRB) are expressed at equal levels in normal mammary cells. However, alteration in PRA/PRB expression is often observed in aggressive breast cancer suggesting differential contribution of PR isoforms in carcinogenesis. The mechanisms underlying such processes remain to be established mainly due to paucity of appropriate cellular models. To investigate the role of PR isoforms and the impact of imbalanced PRA/PRB ratio in transcriptional regulation, we have generated an original human breast cancer cell line conditionally expressing PRA and/or PRB in dose-dependence of non-steroid inducers. We first focused on PR-dependent transcriptional regulation of the paracrine growth factor gene amphiregulin (AREG) playing important role in cancer. Interestingly, unliganded PRA increases AREG expression, independently of estrogen receptor, yet inhibitable by antiprogestins. We show that functional outcome of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on such regulation is highly dependent on PRA/PRB ratio. Using this valuable model, genome-wide transcriptomic studies allowed us to determine the differential effects of PRA and PRB as a function of hormonal status. We identified a large number of novel PR-regulated genes notably implicated in breast cancer and metastasis and demonstrated that imbalanced PRA/PRB ratio strongly impact their expression predicting poor outcome in breast cancer. In sum, our unique cell-based system strongly suggests that PRA/PRB ratio is a critical determinant of PR target gene selectivity and responses to hormonal/growth factor stimuli. These findings provide molecular support for the aggressive phenotype of breast cancers with impaired expression of PRA or PRB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid A. Khan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 693, Steroid Receptors: Endocrine and Metabolic Pathophysiology, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR S693, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Catherine Bellance
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 693, Steroid Receptors: Endocrine and Metabolic Pathophysiology, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR S693, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Anne Guiochon-Mantel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 693, Steroid Receptors: Endocrine and Metabolic Pathophysiology, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR S693, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Génétique moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marc Lombès
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 693, Steroid Receptors: Endocrine and Metabolic Pathophysiology, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR S693, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d’Endocrinologie et Maladies de la Reproduction, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Hugues Loosfelt
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 693, Steroid Receptors: Endocrine and Metabolic Pathophysiology, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR S693, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- * E-mail:
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Stravodimou A, Mazzoccoli G, Voutsadakis IA. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and regulations by the ubiquitin-proteasome system in pancreatic cancer. PPAR Res 2012; 2012:367450. [PMID: 23049538 PMCID: PMC3459232 DOI: 10.1155/2012/367450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal forms of human cancer. Although progress in oncology has improved outcomes in many forms of cancer, little progress has been made in pancreatic carcinoma and the prognosis of this malignancy remains grim. Several molecular abnormalities often present in pancreatic cancer have been defined and include mutations in K-ras, p53, p16, and DPC4 genes. Nuclear receptor Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma (PPARγ) has a role in many carcinomas and has been found to be overexpressed in pancreatic cancer. It plays generally a tumor suppressor role antagonizing proteins promoting carcinogenesis such as NF-κB and TGFβ. Regulation of pathways involved in pancreatic carcinogenesis is effectuated by the Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS). This paper will examine PPARγ in pancreatic cancer, the regulation of this nuclear receptor by the UPS, and their relationship to other pathways important in pancreatic carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Stravodimou
- Centre Pluridisciplinaire d'Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, BH06, Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Ioannis A. Voutsadakis
- Centre Pluridisciplinaire d'Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, BH06, Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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20
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Chabbert-Buffet N, Pintiaux A, Bouchard P. The immninent dawn of SPRMs in obstetrics and gynecology. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 358:232-43. [PMID: 22415029 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs) have been developed since the late 70s when mifepristone was first described. They act through nuclear progesterone receptors and can have agonist or mixed agonist antagonist actions depending on the cell and tissue. Mifepristone has unique major antagonist properties allowing its use for pregnancy termination. Ulipristal acetate has been marketed in 2009 for emergency contraception and has been recently approved for preoperative myoma treatment. Further perspectives for SPRMs use include long term estrogen free contraception, endometriosis treatment. However long term applications will be possible only after confirmation of endometrial safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Chabbert-Buffet
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine Department, AP-HP, Hospital Tenon, UPMC Paris 06, Paris, France.
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Abstract
Regulation of gene transcription is vitally important for the maintenance of normal cellular homeostasis. Failure to correctly regulate gene expression, or to deal with problems that arise during the transcription process, can lead to cellular catastrophe and disease. One of the ways cells cope with the challenges of transcription is by making extensive use of the proteolytic and nonproteolytic activities of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Here, we review recent evidence showing deep mechanistic connections between the transcription and ubiquitin-proteasome systems. Our goal is to leave the reader with a sense that just about every step in transcription-from transcription initiation through to export of mRNA from the nucleus-is influenced by the UPS and that all major arms of the system--from the first step in ubiquitin (Ub) conjugation through to the proteasome-are recruited into transcriptional processes to provide regulation, directionality, and deconstructive power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Geng
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-8240, USA.
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22
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Bouchard P, Chabbert-Buffet N, Fauser BCJM. Selective progesterone receptor modulators in reproductive medicine: pharmacology, clinical efficacy and safety. Fertil Steril 2011; 96:1175-89. [PMID: 21944187 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Khan JA, Amazit L, Bellance C, Guiochon-Mantel A, Lombès M, Loosfelt H. p38 and p42/44 MAPKs differentially regulate progesterone receptor A and B isoform stabilization. Mol Endocrinol 2011; 25:1710-24. [PMID: 21816898 DOI: 10.1210/me.2011-1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Progesterone receptor (PR) isoforms (PRA and PRB) are implicated in the progression of breast cancers frequently associated with imbalanced PRA/PRB expression ratio. Antiprogestins represent potential antitumorigenic agents for such hormone-dependent cancers. To investigate the mechanism(s) controlling PR isoforms degradation/stability in the context of agonist and antagonist ligands, we used endometrial and mammary cancer cells stably expressing PRA and/or PRB. We found that the antiprogestin RU486 inhibited the agonist-induced turnover of PR isoforms through active mechanism(s) involving distinct MAPK-dependent phosphorylations. p42/44 MAPK activity inhibited proteasome-mediated degradation of RU486-bound PRB but not PRA in both cell lines. Ligand-induced PRB turnover required neosynthesis of a mandatory down-regulating partner whose interaction/function is negatively controlled by p42/44 MAPK. Such regulation strongly influenced expression of various endogenous PRB target genes in a selective manner, supporting functional relevance of the mechanism. Interestingly, in contrast to PRB, PRA stability was specifically increased by MAPK kinase kinase 1-induced p38 MAPK activation. Selective inhibition of p42/p44 or p38 activity resulted in opposite variations of the PRA/PRB expression ratio. Moreover, MAPK-dependent PR isoforms stability was independent of PR serine-294 phosphorylation previously proposed as a major sensor of PR down-regulation. In sum, we demonstrate that MAPK-mediated cell signaling differentially controls PRA/PRB expression ratio at posttranslational level through ligand-sensitive processes. Imbalance in PRA/PRB ratio frequently associated with carcinogenesis might be a direct consequence of disorders in MAPK signaling that might switch cellular responses to hormonal stimuli and contribute towards pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid A Khan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 693, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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